Trabalho De Iniciação Científica MARKETING MULTINÍVEL EM EMPRESAS ESTRANGEIRAS ATUANTES NO BRASIL NO RAMO DE COSMÉTICOS

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Trabalho De Iniciação Científica MARKETING MULTINÍVEL EM EMPRESAS ESTRANGEIRAS ATUANTES NO BRASIL NO RAMO DE COSMÉTICOS UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO ITAJAÍ AMANDA BARROZO ARBOITH LUCIANO AUGUSTO ALVES DE CARVALHO Trabalho de Iniciação Científica MARKETING MULTINÍVEL EM EMPRESAS ESTRANGEIRAS ATUANTES NO BRASIL NO RAMO DE COSMÉTICOS ITAJAÍ 2013 AMANDA BARROZO ARBOITH LUCIANO AUGUSTO ALVES DE CARVALHO Trabalho de Iniciação Científica MARKETING MULTINÍVEL EM EMPRESAS ESTRANGEIRAS ATUANTES NO BRASIL NO RAMO DE COSMÉTICOS Trabalho de Iniciação Científica desenvolvido para o Estágio Supervisionado do Curso de Comércio Exterior do Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas – Gestão da Universidade do Vale do Itajaí. Orientadora: Profª MSC. Renata Granemann Bertoldi Platchek ITAJAÍ 2013 Agradecemos a Deus e a espiritualidade, aos nossos familiares e amigos, estendendo nossa gratidão aos professores e companheiros do meio acadêmico, que contribuíram direta ou indiretamente para a concretização desta etapa. Agradecemos especialmente a Renata Platchek, professora, orientadora e amiga, que nos guiou de forma assertiva e carinhosa, inspirando-nos dia a dia a disciplina, bom ânimo e confiança plena. “O tamanho do seu sucesso é medido pela força do seu desejo, o tamanho do seu sonho e como você lida com a decepção ao longo do caminho. (Roberto Kiyosaki)” EQUIPE TÉCNICA a) Nome dos estagiários Amanda Barrozo Arboith Luciano Augusto Alves de Carvalho b) Área de estágio Marketing c) Orientador de conteúdo Prof. MSC. Renata Granemann Bertoldi Platchek d) Responsável pelo Estágio Prof. MSC. Natali Nascimento RESUMO A interdependência entre as pessoas, físicas ou jurídicas, públicas ou privadas, no mercado mundial, tem tornado o ambiente corporativo cada vez mais eclético, imprevisível e desafiador para qualquer um. Neste cenário as organizações procuram diferenciar-se aplicando as mais variadas estratégias comerciais e de marketing. Entre elas, destaca-se o tema desta pesquisa, que visa analisar o marketing multinível e sua aplicação pelas empresas internacionais comercializadoras de cosméticos atuantes no território brasileiro, considerando a relevância atual da temática, devido à alta repercussão nas mídias e interesse dos acadêmicos na avaliação de investimentos futuros. Desenvolvida de forma qualitativa, por meios bibliográficos, com fins descritivos, aborda primeiramente a história mundial do marketing, sua evolução no Brasil e suas principais ramificações. Apresenta, em seguida, os conceitos do marketing multinível e pirâmide financeira, traçando-se um retrospecto histórico de ambos os sistemas, suas características, aspectos e singularidades que os diferenciam. Relata-se a história e atividades organizacionais das principais empresas internacionais do ramo de cosméticos, delineando um comparativo entre suas estruturas e políticas comerciais, a representatividade do volume de negócios no mercado de vendas diretas e, a construção e desenvolvimento das redes de relacionamento. Apresenta também, que mesmo havendo semelhança na forma de aplicação do marketing multinível dentro das organizações, as empresas tem a liberdade para definir os parâmetros de entrada e treinamento de revendedores em sua rede, formular e desenvolver seus planos de negócio, bem como os planos de compensação destinados aos distribuidores independentes, de modo que estas ações são tomadas para atender a demanda de mercado e padronizar a forma de trabalho dentro da empresa. Sugerem-se ainda, estudos futuros mais aprofundados sobre o tema, que permitam avaliar outros aspectos pertinentes a pesquisas mercadológicas institucionais, processos de importação de matérias primas e a cadeia logística de distribuição de produtos para comercialização . Palavras-chave: Marketing Multinível. Cosméticos. Organizações Internacionais. 7 SUMÁRIO 1 INTRODUÇÃO ..................................................................................................... 8 1.1 Objetivo geral ................................................................................................. 10 1.2 Objetivos específicos ...................................................................................... 10 1.3 Justificativa da realização do estudo .............................................................. 10 1.4 Aspectos metodológicos ................................................................................. 11 1.5 Técnicas de coleta e análise dos dados ......................................................... 12 2 O MARKETING .................................................................................................. 14 2.1 História mundial do marketing ........................................................................ 14 2.2 Evolução do marketing no Brasil .................................................................... 19 2.3 O Mix de Marketing e seus 4 P’s .................................................................... 21 2.4 As principais ramificações do marketing ......................................................... 24 3 VENDAS ............................................................................................................ 28 3.1 Marketing multinível ........................................................................................ 28 3.2 Sistema piramidal financeiro ........................................................................... 33 3.3 Principais diferenças entre MMN e sistema piramidal financeiro .................... 39 4 MARKETING MULTINÍVEL E AS EMPRESAS ESTRANGEIRAS NO BRASIL . 44 4.1 Atuação no Brasil ........................................................................................... 47 4.1.1 Amway ........................................................................................................ 48 4.1.2 Herbalife ...................................................................................................... 51 4.1.3 Belcorp ........................................................................................................ 54 4.1.4 UP! Essência .............................................................................................. 58 4.2 O MMN nas organizações de cosméticos ...................................................... 61 5 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ............................................................................... 64 REFERÊNCIAS ......................................................................................................... 66 ANEXOS ................................................................................................................... 79 ANEXO 1 – Estatuto do vendedor direto ................................................................... 80 ANEXO 2 – Códigos de ética ABEVD ....................................................................... 83 ANEXO 3 – Ranking das 100 maiores empresas de vendas diretas ........................ 88 ANEXO 4 – Plano de vendas e marketing Amway .................................................... 91 ASSINATURA DOS RESPONSÁVEIS ...................................................................... 95 8 1 INTRODUÇÃO O atual cenário do comércio mundial é resultado de uma evolução nas relações entre os agentes negociadores e a interdependência derivada deste processo ininterrupto gerado pela globalização. As organizações em diversos países, de diferentes segmentos, com capacidades diversificadas, independente da sua origem ou atuação de mercado, começam a ter uma visão holística a respeito de seu preparo para atender, não somente o mercado consumidor doméstico, como também os clientes do mercado internacional. Sob esse prisma, visando abranger esses mercados, as empresas têm procurado aumentar o seu potencial competitivo, por meio do fortalecimento da sua rede de relacionamento (como a Amazon), diminuição de seus custos fixos e variáveis, buscando ou mantendo os investimentos (como o caso da Avon), qualificando a mão de obra ou até mesmo terceirizando-a, promovendo parceiras contratuais (como por exemplo, a Walt Disney) e, em estratégias mais ousadas, realizando aquisições e fusões, assim como a BRF e a Nu Skin. Dentro do mundo corporativo algumas empresas procuram inicialmente, estabelecer ações voltadas para setores específicos, objetivando pré-definir parte das estratégias de negócio. Convém evidenciar que a utilização do marketing como alicerce na elaboração do planejamento, torna-se uma estratégia entre as ações que vem a ajudar no autoconhecimento e tomada de decisões para uma prospecção de mercado que condiga com os objetivos traçados pela organização. Vale lembrar, que o marketing é constituído de diferentes ramificações, entre as quais, cita-se o marketing digital, marketing interno, marketing indireto e o marketing direto, que por sua vez, vem em constante crescimento, como por exemplo, no ano de 2012 no qual o setor de vendas diretas reuniu mais de 89,7 milhões de pessoas pelo mundo (representantes), que movimentaram cerca de US$ 169 bilhões em vendas, conforme World Federation of Direct Selling Associations – WFDSA (2013, tradução nossa 1). Da mesma forma ocorreu no Brasil, conforme apresenta a Associação Brasileira de Vendas Diretas – ABEVD (2011 apud FRIAS), 1 “There are presently over 60 national DSAs represented in its membership, and in 2012 it is estimated that worldwide retail sales accounted for more than US$169 Billion through the activities of more than 89.7 million independent sales representatives.”. (WFDSA, 2013) 9 o setor teve grande progresso no ano de 2010, pois contabilizou um crescimento de 12,5% em relação a 2009, chegando a 2,7 milhões de revendedores apenas no terceiro trimestre do ano. Ressalta-se que, conforme
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