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Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X
1 Chapter 1. Origins of Mac OS X "Most ideas come from previous ideas." Alan Curtis Kay The Mac OS X operating system represents a rather successful coming together of paradigms, ideologies, and technologies that have often resisted each other in the past. A good example is the cordial relationship that exists between the command-line and graphical interfaces in Mac OS X. The system is a result of the trials and tribulations of Apple and NeXT, as well as their user and developer communities. Mac OS X exemplifies how a capable system can result from the direct or indirect efforts of corporations, academic and research communities, the Open Source and Free Software movements, and, of course, individuals. Apple has been around since 1976, and many accounts of its history have been told. If the story of Apple as a company is fascinating, so is the technical history of Apple's operating systems. In this chapter,[1] we will trace the history of Mac OS X, discussing several technologies whose confluence eventually led to the modern-day Apple operating system. [1] This book's accompanying web site (www.osxbook.com) provides a more detailed technical history of all of Apple's operating systems. 1 2 2 1 1.1. Apple's Quest for the[2] Operating System [2] Whereas the word "the" is used here to designate prominence and desirability, it is an interesting coincidence that "THE" was the name of a multiprogramming system described by Edsger W. Dijkstra in a 1968 paper. It was March 1988. The Macintosh had been around for four years. -
Mac OS X and PDF: the Real Story
Mac OS X and PDF The Real Story Leonard Rosenthol Lazerware, Inc. Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Overview •Mac OS X •PDF • Where’s the overlap? Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. You are here because… • You’re currently working with Mac OS and are interested in what Mac OS X brings to the table. • You’re curious about what Apple’s latest hype is all about. • You’re already awake and had to find something to kill time. • You’re a friend of mine and wanted to heckle Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. How I do things • You should all have copies of the presentation that you received when you walked in. • There is also an electronic copy of this presentation (PDF format, of course!) on my website at http://www.lazerware.com/ • I’ve left time at the end for Q&A, but please feel free to ask questions at any time! Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Mac OS X Overview Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Darwin • “Core OS” (Kernel) – Solid Unix foundation • FreeBSD 3.2 & Mach 3.0 • Memory protection, preemptive multitasking, etc. – High performance I/O • Firewire, USB, etc. • Open source Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Graphics •Quartz – Adobe Imaging Model (PDF) • Includes full anti-aliasing and opacity/transparency • OpenGL – Industry standard 3D engine used by Quake & Maya • QuickTime Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Graphics Demos - Quartz Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Graphics Demos – OpenGL Copyright©1999-2001, Lazerware, Inc. Application Frameworks • Classic – Compatibility “box” for existing Mac OS applications. • Carbon – Modern versions of Mac OS applications prepared for Mac OS X. -
Io4: Training Materials (27/04/2018)
IO4: TRAINING MATERIALS (27/04/2018) _____________________________________________________________________________ SUMMARY Partners responsible for modules (UA, UNITS, UAM, Utopian, UAB) were requested to suggest training materials for their respective modules and indicate if they would need help to develop some training materials. UAB merged all the information and identified issues for discussion. Feed-back from all partners was gathered online, and UAB created the revised version below, which will be used as a guiding document when developing training materials. Adaptations can be made when actually developing the content. Please notice that proposed tasks can be re-used as assessments. Also notice that the order of the tasks can be changed. _____________________________________________________________________________ ADLAB PRO / Audio Description: A Laboratory for the Development of a New Professional Profile Project number: 2016-1-IT02-KA203-024311 | www.adlabproject.eu Contact: Elisa Perego | [email protected] | +39 040 5587620 MODULE 1. RESPONSIBLE: University of Antwerp Introductory video by RTV SLO, assisted by the module responsible. 1. Audiovisual texts (LO1, LO2, LO3) a. Reading list by UA. b. Core video by UA. c. Additional video 1 by UA. 5-minute video clip without AD. They will ask permission to VRT to use one clip from one of their productions without AD and minimal Dutch dialogue (can be subtitled into English). Help from partners will be sought by UA. d. Task 1 by UA. Multiple choice. e. Task 2 by UA. Read a list of references on multimodality in AV texts (Chaume, Zabalbeascoa, others). Then, watch a video clip and analyse the various multimodal interactions. f. Task 3 by UA. -
Using Core Image on Ios and Mac OS X
Using Core Image on iOS and Mac OS X Session 422 David Hayward Advanced Imaging Team These are confidential sessions—please refrain from streaming, blogging, or taking pictures 1 What We Will Discuss Today • Introducing Core Image on iOS 5 ■ Key concepts ■ Basic architecture ■ Classes and API ■ Platform specifics • Using Core Image in iOS ■ Initializing a CIImage ■ Filtering a CIImage ■ Rendering through a CIContext • Image analysis 2 Introducing Core Image in iOS 5 3 Basic Concept Filters perform per pixel operations on an image Sepia Filter Original Result The final result is a new image 4 Basic Concept Filters can be chained together Hue Sepia Contrast Adjust Filter Filter Filter Original Result This allows for complex effects 5 Basic Concept Filters chains are concatenated Hue Sepia Contrast Adjust Filter Filter Filter Original Result This eliminates intermediate buffers 6 Basic Concept Filters chains are optimized Color Color Sepia Matrix Matrix Filter Filter Filter Original Result This further improves performance 7 Basic Concept Filters chains are optimized Color Sepia Matrix Filter Filter Original Result This further improves performance 8 Basic Architecture Applications Core Graphics Core Video ImageIO ... Built-in Filters ... Core Image Runtime GPU Rendering CPU Rendering OpenGL ES 2.0 LibDispatch 9 Core Image Classes • CIFilter ■ A mutable object that represents an effect ■ Has image or numeric input parameters ■ Produces one output image based on current inputs • CIImage ■ An immutable object that represents the recipe for an image ■ Can represent a file from disk or the output of a CIFilter • CIContext ■ A object through which Core Image draw results ■ Can be based on on CPU or GPU 10 CIContext CPU vs. -
MEDIA LAYER and SERVICE LAYER Media Layer
SNS COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Kurumbapalayam (Po), Coimbatore – 641 107 AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITUTION Accredited by NBA – AICTE and Accredited by NAAC – UGCwith ‘A’ Grade Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai CS8493-OPERATING SYSTEMS MEDIA LAYER AND SERVICE LAYER Media Layer Beautiful graphics and high-fidelity multimedia are hallmarks of the OS X user experience. Take advantage of the technologies of the Media layer to incorporate 2D and 3D graphics, animations, image effects, and professional-grade audio and video functionality into your app. Supported Media Formats OS X supports more than 100 media types, covering a range of audio, video, image, and streaming formats. Table 3-1 lists some of the more common supported file formats. Table 3-1 Partial list of formats supported in OS X Image formats PICT, BMP, GIF, JPEG, TIFF, PNG, DIB, ICO, EPS, PDF Audio file and data AAC, AIFF, WAVE, uLaw, AC3, MPEG-3, MPEG-4 (.mp4, .m4a), .snd, .au, .caf, formats Adaptive multi-rate (.amr) AVI, AVR, DV, M-JPEG, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4, AAC, OpenDML, 3GPP, 3GPP2, Video file formats AMC, H.264, iTunes (.m4v), QuickTime (.mov, .qt) Web streaming HTTP, RTP, RTSP protocols Graphics Technologies A distinctive quality of any OS X app is high-quality graphics in its user interface. And on a Retina display, users are more aware than ever of your app’s graphics. The simplest, most efficient, and most common way to ensure high-quality graphics in your app is to use the standard views and controls of the AppKit framework, along with prerendered images in different resolutions. -
Mac OS X Technology Overview
Mac OS X Technology Overview 2006-06-28 Finder, Safari, Spotlight, Tiger, and Xserve Apple Inc. are trademarks of Apple Inc. © 2004, 2006 Apple Computer, Inc. Adobe, Acrobat, and PostScript are All rights reserved. trademarks or registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the U.S. No part of this publication may be and/or other countries. reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, Intel and Intel Core are registered mechanical, electronic, photocopying, trademarks of Intel Corportation or its recording, or otherwise, without prior subsidiaries in the United States and other written permission of Apple Inc., with the countries. following exceptions: Any person is hereby Java and all Java-based trademarks are authorized to store documentation on a trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun single computer for personal use only and Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other to print copies of documentation for countries. personal use provided that the OpenGL is a registered trademark of Silicon documentation contains Apple’s copyright Graphics, Inc. notice. PowerPC and and the PowerPC logo are The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc. trademarks of International Business Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo Machines Corporation, used under license (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes therefrom. without the prior written consent of Apple UNIX is a registered trademark of The Open may constitute trademark infringement and Group unfair competition in violation of federal and state laws. Simultaneously published in the United States and Canada. No licenses, express or implied, are granted with respect to any of the technology Even though Apple has reviewed this document, APPLE MAKES NO WARRANTY OR described in this document. -
Smithsonian Institution DAMS Metadata Guidelines
DAMS Guidelines for Required and Recommended DAMS Metadata in Digital Still Images, Audio, Video, and Digital Art Files by SI DAMS TEAM – Smithsonian Institution, January 2016. Document Information Title DAMS Guidelines for Required and Recommended DAMS Metadata in Digital Still Images, Audio, Video, and Digital Art Files Author SI DAMS Team– Smithsonian Institution Document Type DAMS Metadata Guidelines Publication Date 2016; revised June 2017 I. Introduction This document defines the recommended DAMS guidelines for embedded and DAMS level metadata for digital images, audio and video at the Smithsonian Institution. Please note that this document does not include all of the DAMS metadata fields. This document defines only the required and minimum recommended fields, and is based on the 2010 EMDaWG Basic Guidelines for Descriptive Embedded Metadata, as well as discussions in the SI AVAIL Working Group, and practices of units using the SI DAMS. It represents a consensus of practitioners across various units about how to better manage the data that is populated into our digital image, audio, and video files. Its intention is not to dictate practice, but rather to provide guidance for those working with digital assets across the media types within the SI DAMS. Though we acknowledge that this information continues to evolve, we also recognize the Institution's desire for clarity about how to identify and use digital materials at this point in time. Further, a commonly understood and implemented metadata terminology will assist in the implementation of the goals and objectives of the overall Smithsonian Strategic Plan, as well as museum Unit Digitization Plans. The group recommends that the DAMS metadata management criteria be reviewed every 2 years to stay current with best practices. -
Optimizing 2D Graphics and Animation Performance
Optimizing 2D Graphics and Animation Performance Session 506 Tim Oriol Mike Funk These are confidential sessions—please refrain from streaming, blogging, or taking pictures Agenda Overview of topics for this session • Supporting Retina Display • Optimizing 2D graphics (Quartz 2D + Core Animation) • Identify and fix common Retina Display pitfalls • Using CGDisplayStream to get real-time display updates Prerequisites What you should know • Core Animation framework • Quartz 2D drawing techniques • Basic knowledge of UIView and NSView What Changes with Retina Displays? Retina Displays Today’s Retina Displays have 4x the pixels of previous displays Points Versus Pixels What’s the point • Points have nothing to do with typographer’s “points” • Points are logical coordinates • Pixels are actual device display coordinates • One point is not always equal to one pixel • The “scale factor” is the number of pixels per point • Use points with Quartz 2D, UIKit, AppKit, and Core Animation Retina Displays Set up your scale factor • Set the contentsScale property of layers that you would like to provide high-resolution content • Text, shapes, Quartz 2D drawing, and any layers that you have provided high-resolution images as content • UIKit/AppKit will set the appropriate contentsScale for layers they create layer.contentsScale = [UIScreen mainScreen].scale; Retina Displays Set up your scale factor • The CGContext provided to you via CALayer’s drawInContext will be set up correctly according to its contentsScale property • Any CGContextBitmap you create -
Chapter 17 Performance and Debugging
Chapter 17 Performance and Debugging The purpose of this chapter is to help you understand and address many of the issues that affect the graphics performance of your applications. It also provides tips on how to debug your drawing when things aren’t working as you expect. Performance is a dynamic topic. Many of the areas discussed in this chapter evolve and change with each major release of Mac OS X. To understand perfor- mance, simply reading this chapter isn’t enough. You need to keep up to date with information as it becomes available from Apple. The Apple Developer Con- nection website and the references at the end of this chapter will help you get the latest information about how to improve not only graphics performance but overall application performance as well. Optimizing Performance There are many aspects to achieving excellent performance with drawing code, some of which are related to the system and some of which are under your con- trol. The Quartz Compositor, Quartz object and memory management, and per- formance measurement are all key to understanding graphics performance. The Quartz Compositor (which is part of the Mac OS X windowing system) determines how drawing appears in windows on the display. As you’ve seen, cre- ating and managing Quartz objects is a key aspect of Quartz programming. By understanding the Quartz memory management and object model, you can ben- efit from any caching of those objects Quartz performs and avoid creating mem- ory leaks or other memory problems. Performance measurement helps you to 593 594 Chapter 17 Performance and Debugging better understand how your code works and to identify places where the code could be optimized. -
Apple Publications Style Guide December 2009
Apple Publications Style Guide December 2009 style n. 1. The way in which something is said, done, expressed, or performed: a style of speech and writing. 2. The combination of distinctive features of literary or artistic expression, execution, or performance characterizing a particular person, group, school, or era. 3. Sort; type: a style of furniture. 4. A quality of imagination and individuality expressed in one’s actions and tastes: does things with style. 5a. A com- fortable and elegant mode of existence: living in style. b. A mode of living: the style of the very rich. 6a. The fashion of the moment, especially of dress; vogue. b. A par- ticular fashion: the style of the 1920s. 7. A customary manner of presenting printed material, including usage, punctuation, spelling, typography, and arrangement. 8. A form of address; a title. 9a. An implement used for etching or engraving. b. A slen- der pointed writing instrument used by the ancients on wax tablets. 10. The needle of a phonograph. 11 . The gnomon of a sundial. 12 . Botany The usually slender part of a pistil, situated between the ovary and the stigma. 13 . Zoology A slender, tubular, or bristlelike process: a cartilaginous style. 14 . Medicine A surgical probing instru- ment; a stylet. 15. Obsolete A pen. —tr. v. styled, styl•ing, styles 1. To call or name; designate: George VI styled his brother Duke of Windsor. 2. To make consistent with rules of style: style a manuscript. 3. To give style to: style hair. [Middle English, from Old French, from Latin stylus, stilus, spike, pointed instrument used for writing, style. -
Iphone Ios 6 Development Essentials
i iPhone iOS 6 Development Essentials ii iPhone iOS 6 Development Essentials – First Edition ISBN-13: 978-1479211418 © 2012 Neil Smyth. All Rights Reserved. This book is provided for personal use only. Unauthorized use, reproduction and/or distribution strictly prohibited. All rights reserved. The content of this book is provided for informational purposes only. Neither the publisher nor the author offers any warranties or representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of information contained in this book, nor do they accept any liability for any loss or damage arising from any errors or omissions. This book contains trademarked terms that are used solely for editorial purposes and to the benefit of the respective trademark owner. The terms used within this book are not intended as infringement of any trademarks. Rev 1.0 iii Table of Contents 1. Start Here .......................................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 For New iOS Developers ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 For iOS 5 Developers ........................................................................................................................................... 1 1.3 Source Code Download ....................................................................................................................................... 2 1.4 Feedback ............................................................................................................................................................ -
Inside Mac OS X: System Overview Is Intended for Anyone Who Wants to Develop Software for Mac OS X
Inside Mac OS X System Overview July 2002 Apple Computer, Inc. and TrueType are trademarks of THE WARRANTY AND REMEDIES SET © 2000–2002 Apple Computer, Inc. Apple Computer, Inc., registered in FORTH ABOVE ARE EXCLUSIVE AND All rights reserved. the United States and other countries. IN LIEU OF ALL OTHERS, ORAL OR WRITTEN, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED. No No part of this publication may be Carbon, Quartz, and Velocity Engine Apple dealer, agent, or employee is reproduced, stored in a retrieval are trademarks of Apple Computer, authorized to make any modification, system, or transmitted, in any form or Inc. extension, or addition to this warranty. by any means, mechanical, electronic, Enterprise Objects, Enterprise Objects photocopying, recording, or Framework, NeXT, Objective-C, and Some states do not allow the exclusion or otherwise, without prior written OpenStep are registered trademarks limitation of implied warranties or permission of Apple Computer, Inc., of NeXT Software, Inc., registered in liability for incidental or consequential with the following exceptions: Any the United States and other countries. damages, so the above limitation or person is hereby authorized to store Java and all Java-based trademarks exclusion may not apply to you. This documentation on a single computer are trademarks or registered warranty gives you specific legal rights, for personal use only and to print trademarks of Sun Microsystems, and you may also have other rights which copies of documentation for personal Inc., in the United States and other vary from state to state. use provided that the documentation countries. contains Apple’s copyright notice. Netscape Navigator is a trademark of The Apple logo is a trademark of Netscape Communications Apple Computer, Inc.