THE FIFTH

ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

TRUSTEES OF THE COOPER UNION

FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF

SCIENCE AND ART.

JULY 1st, 1864.

NEW YORK: JOHN F. TROW, PRINTER, 50 GREENE STREET. 1864. Cooper Union Library Officers and Trustees

OF THE

COOPER UNION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE AND ART.

President. PETER COOPER. Treasurer. WILSON G. HUNT. Secretary. ABRAM S. HEWITT.

Trustees. PETER COOPER. WILSON G. HUNT. DANIEL F. TIEMANN. EDWARD COOPER. JOHN E. PARSONS. ABRAM S. HEWITT.

Advisory Councilof the School of Design for Women. MISS MARY M. HAMILTON. MRS. HAMILTON FISH. MRS. JONATHAN STURGES. MRS. V. BOTTA. MRS. GEO. CURTIS. MRS. JOHN SHERWOOD MRS. HENRY M. FIELD. MRS. ABRAM S. HEWITT, MRS. S. L. M. BARLOW. MRS. WM. H. OSBORN. MRS. ROBERT GRACIE. MRS. J. H. CHOATE. MRS. E. H. MILLER. MRS. T. J. OAKLEY. MRS. M. O. ROBERTS. MRS. C. CARSON. MISS HELEN RUSSELL. MRS. C. P. DALY.

Clerk. JOSEPH S. WOOD. INSTRUCTORS.

School of Design for Women. Principal. MRS. LUCY A. CUDDEHY. Drawing and P aintin g from Cast and L ife. HENRY PETERS GRAY. Drawing and Painting from S till Life. WORTHINGTON WHITTREDGE. THOMAS C. FARRER. PAOLO MANZONI. Drawing and Engraving on W ood. ROBERT O’BRIEN. Free Night School of Science and Art. M athem a tic s. JOSEPH G. FOX, A. M., C. E. N. DANA WELLS, A. M. FITZGERALD TISDALL, A. M. MERRITT C. PAGE, A. B. EDWARD F. PARSONS, A. M. HENRY WELSH. C hemistry. CHARLES S. STONE, A. M. Natu ral P h ilosophy. P. H. VANDER WEYDE, M. D. DERM.[P.H.VANDERWEYDE,VANWEYDE,D.] A rchitectura l D rawing. E. J. M. DERRICK.

M echani c al D rawing OTTO FUCHS. THOMAS W. GRIFFITHS.

Free H and D rawing. CONSTANTINE HERZBERG. FRITZ MEYER. MOSES MORSE. Drawing from Cast and L ife. CONSTANTINE HERZBERG. P erspective. CONSTANTINE HERZBERG. O ratory and D ebate. J. E. FROBISHER. Vocal M u sic. C. JEROME HOPKINS. REPORT.

T h e termination of the Fifth Academic Year was celebrated on the 25th, 26th, and 27th of May, by A rt Receptions and the usual Commencement Exercises, when the Annual Reports of the Trea surer and Secretary were read, and the graduating medals were awarded to the following young men, who had completed with honor the full course of scientific instruction carried on at night for the benefit of the working classes:

E u g e n e C o r b e t t , Coachmaker. W il l ia m F o r b e s , M achinist. G eo r g e H a it z e n , E ngraver. R o b er t S cott , Clerk. W il l ia m L . T a y l o r , Clerk. I t is estimated that at least ten thousand persons were present at the Receptions and Commencement Exercises. The following are the Reports of the Treasurer and Secretary, which were read at the Commencement: TREASURER’S REPORT OF THE Receipts and Expenditures o f the Cooper Union fo- r the A d vancement o f Science and Art, from January 1, 1863, to January 1, 1864. RECEIPTS. Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1863 $177 32 R e n ts...... $23,156 75 School of Design for Women...... 727 40 Free Night School of Science and Art...... 290 55 Interest 168 51 Donation of Peter Cooper, Esq...... 5,000 00 “ from estate of the late Robt. C. Goodhue. 500 00 “ for prizes in School of Design for Women 272 00 Reading Room 77 95 Sundries 5 50 30,198 66 Total Receipts $30,375 98 EXPENDITURES. Free Night School of Science and Art...... 3,450 42 School of Design for Women 3,305 41 Reading Room 1,691 02 Care of Building...... 1,088 95 Repairs and Improvements...... 4,281 72 Government Stocks...... 5,000 00 Gas 2,412 50 Fuel 1,644 00 Picture Gallery 181 25 Office 413 07 L ectures...... 690 00 Library 145 48 Engine 925 00 F u rn ish in g ...... 126 58 Printing 340 91 Advertising 264 81 Stationery 81 19 Philosophical Department 87 34 Postage 90 64 Sundries 14 77 26,235 06 Balance in Treasury, Jan. 1, 1864 4,140 92 Unexpended Appropriations 1,500 00 Amount of debts Outstanding, Jan. 1st, 1864...... 2,432 71 3,932 71

Available Balance, Jan. 1, 1864 208 21 ANNUAL REPORT

O f the Trustees of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art, presented by the Secretary at the Com­ mencement, held in the Great H, allon F riday, M ay 27, 1864.

Ten years have elapsed since the corner stone of this Institu­ tion was laid, and to-night is completed the fifth academic year of its existence. Founded by the liberality of a single individual, for the express purpose of improving the working classes, from whose ranks he had forced his way to wealth and influence; conveyed to six Trustees, selected from among his relatives and personal friends in order to insure harmony of action ; managed by them without appeals for popular aid or applause, but under the most solemn sense of the responsibility of the great trust which had been confided to them—the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and A rt has at length reached a position in which its aims are perfectly defined, and its results begin to be of a magni­ tude to interest all classes in the community. The working classes of this city cannot be elevated and improved without a di­ rect benefit to all other classes; and it is one of the most gratify­ ing features of the public receptions and exhibitions of this In­ stitution, that here all classes meet and mingle together on terms of perfect equality, and with mutual confidence and respect. The Trustees have endeavored to cultivate this relation in all parts of their organization, and they advert to it upon this occasion, be­ cause in the name of “ Union,” selected by the founder of the In ­ stitution as its corporate title, it was designed to inculcate the great social lesson of the mutual dependence and inseparable in­ terests which bind together all classes in organized communities, and which should produce united good will and steady efforts for the general progress and welfare. The trust deed of Mr. Cooper directs that the revenues of the corporation shall be devoted to and among the following objects and purposes:

1. To regular courses of instruction,t n aight, free to all who shall attend th e same, under the general regulations of the Trustees, on the appl ication of science to the useful occupations of life, on social and political science, meaning thereby not merely the science of political economy, but the science and philosophya of just and equitable form of government, based upon the great fundamental law that nations and men should do unto each other as they would be done by, and on such other branches of knowledge asi n the opinion of the Board of Trus­ tees will tend to improve and elevate the working classes in the city of New York. 2. To the support and maintenance of a free reading room, of gal­ leries of art, and of scientific collections, designed, in the opinion of the Board of Trustees, to improve and instruct those classes of the inhabitants of the city of New York whose occupations are such as to be calculated, in the opinion of the said Board of Trustees, to deprive them of proper recreation and instruction. 3. To provide and maintain a school for the instruction of respect­ able females in the arts of design, and, in the discretion of the Board of Trustees, to afford to respectable females instruction in such other art or trade as will tend to furnish them suitable employment. 4. As soon as in the opinion of the Board of Trustees the funds which shall from time to time be at their disposal, will warrant such an expenditure, such funds shall be appropriated to the establishment and maintenance of a thorough polytechnic school; the requirements to admission to which shall be left to the discretion of the said Board of Trustees, and shall be specifically determined by them from time to time ; and which school shall, as far as possible, and as soon as pos­ sible, be made equal to the best technological schools now established, or hereafter to be established. Until the funds at the disposal of the Board of Trustees shall be sufficient, in the opinion of the said Board of Trustees, for the establishment of such polytechnic school, the said Board of Trustees may furnish with rooms and accommodation for such school, and may assist in the maintainance thereof, the depart­ ment of public instruction of the city of New York, the Trustees of any college or university, or any other body, individual, or indi­ viduals. 5. To provide rooms, in the judgment of the Board of Trustees, suitable for the offices of a society, to be organized as provided in the act hereinbefore specially referred to, and to be called “ The associates 9

of the Cooper Union for the advancement of Science and Art," and to f urnish to such society fori ts general meetings on one evening of each week, the great hall of the building, if the council of the said society shall require it so often. Accordingly, the Trustees, having reserved the great hall, in which we are ass embled, and the two floors next above, for rental, in order to procure a revenue for the purposes indicated, have established practically a free night college for the working classes, on as broad and liberal a scale as was consistent with their wants and the time they can devote to self-culture. The course of instruction commences with algebra and geometry, and includes a complete mathematical course to the calculus, and its applica­ tion to mechanical science. A complete course of instruction is given in chemistry and natural philosophy, while in the graphic arts the most ample provision has been made for instruction in free hand, architectural and mechanical drawing, in perspective, and in studies from life. The course is so arranged that pupils may pursue either one special department of knowledge, or, by remain­ ing five years in the institution, complete as full a course of scien­ tific instruction as is given in any of the colleges of the country The number of pupils who enter the night classes is surprising. The number admitted to the present course is as follows :

1863-’4. Mathematics 430 Chemistry 173 Natural Philosophy 103 Architectural Drawing 100 Mechanical Drawing 225 Free Hand Drawing 250

Total...... 1,281

The number remaining at the close of the term is 482, of whom 349 have received certificates. This shows apparentlya great falling off; but when it is considered how many of those who apply are totally unfitted by previous culture and habits of mind for the severe intellectual effort required by a mathematical course, and that frequent changes of residence necessarily occur 10 in mechanical employment, it is remarkable that so many perse­ vere to the end. To all such as may have been diligent and atten­ tive, certificates are awarded, of three grades: 1st. For superior ability and diligent attendance. 2d. For ability and diligent attendance. 3d. For good conduct and diligent attendance. A list of those who have received certificates is appended to this report. The names of the teachers employed in the night classes are prefixed to this Report, and the Trustees desire to make a public acknowledgment of the ability and fidelity with which their duties have been discharged. The cost of maintaining the night classes in 1863 was $3,450.52. Of those who entered five years ago, about 1,500 in number, five pupils have passed through the full course of instruction with honor to themselves and credit to the Institution. They are therefore entitled to the diploma of the “ Cooper Union,” and the high honor of being its first “ graduates.” The names and occupations of these young men are as follows :—

R o b er t S co tt , Clerk. G e o . H a it z e n , Engraver.

W m . L. T a y lo r , Clerk. W m . F o r b e s , Machinist. E u g e n e C o r b e t t , Coachmaker. When they look back upon the five years of diligent labor through which they have passed, earning their daily bread by honorable daily labor, and giving up their nights to honorable self-culture, they have as much right to be proud of their present position as the Institution is proud of them. Such young men will never disgrace its diploma, and the Trustees introduce them to you as graduates who are sure to fill positions of honor and use­ fulness in the world, if they but persevere in the good course which they have commenced. The Trustees have decided to pre­ pare and present to each graduate a “ Cooper Union Medal,” which they trust will be as prized and as honorable as the Frank­ lin Medal, which in Boston is a sure guarantee of success to the boy who wins it. Let it not, however, be supposed that among 11 the companions of these young men there were not many who, under more favorable circumstances, would have been standing by their side to-night, and sharing in the honors which are here conferred. Some worthy pupils have died in the midst of their toils; others have been forced to remove by the pressure of cir­ cumstances; many have entered the navy as mechanical engineers, thus supplying a pressing need of the country at a time when mechanics of the requisite education were not elsewhere to be found ; while of the large numbers who have gone forth to fight the battles of their country, many have given up their lives upon the sacred altar of duty and patriotism. They at least have no need of diplomas or medals , for their deeds and their glory are registered in letters of living light, so that at the last all man­ kind shall know and honor them as they deserve.

THE READING ROOM

Occupies one entire floor of this building, and is the natural sequence of the free night instruction, for here all classes have unrestricted admission to the current literature of the day, as well as of the past. It is open, free to all, without tickets, from 8 a . m . until 10p . m . It is supplied with 160 newspapers and 110 magazines, including all the leading publications of this and foreign countries. The number of foreign papers has not been diminished in consequence of the increased cost, the Trustees believing that the rise in gold rendered it all the more important to furnish these papers to those who might not otherwise be able to get access to them. The number of visitors during the year 1863 was 171,873, an average of nearly 600 per day. The Trustees take this occasion to acknowledge from some unknown friend of popular education, a donation of 537 volumes of standard literature, and to say that there is pressing need of large additions to the Library, and that no more acceptable aid can be given to the Institution than by gifts of books in any de­ partment of science and literature. The Library numbers about 4,000 volumes, but should be greatly enlarged in order to meet the demands upon it. The Trustees devoted to the Reading Room and Library the sum of $1,736.50, which is as large a proportion 12 of their revenue as they can thus apply without detriment to the other departments. THE PICTURE GALLERY Contains 383 pictures, of which 241 belong to the Bryan Gallery, recently presented to the New York Historical Society, by its owner, Mr. Thomas J. Bryan. During the year, 164,343 visitors have entered the Gallery, and it is perhaps to be regretted that the public will soon be compelled to go elsewhere in order to get admission to a free gallery of art, as it is very doubtful whether in any other Institution it will be possible to reach the same class of visitors so effectually ; and to the working classes a free gallery of art is of more consequence than to the rich, who have abundant opportunity to cultivate a taste for art, while to the working classes this gallery alone has been accessible. The Trustees have no more interest in this question than any of their fellow citizens, but it is not wrong for them to suggest that whoever will contribute to provide a permanent free gallery of art in this Institution will be doing a great service to the public, and entitle himself to be called the friend of the working classes, who, too poor to buy pictures, are created rich enough to take in all their beauty and worth. LECTURES. The course of instruction on Social and Political Science called for by the trust deed, was during the year 1863 carried on by a series of twenty-one public lectures, delivered in the great h a ll. Six lectures on Government were delivered by the Rev. E. C. W ines, four lectures on Political Economy, by Simon Stern, Esq.; ten lectures were delivered by Prof. Geo. W. Greene, on the American Revolution, and one lecture was delivered by Prof. T. Edwards Clark, on " Corals and Coral Islands.” The Trustees desire that this annual course of lectures shall, as far as possible, be made the means of diffusing among the work­ ing classes a better knowledge of the true relations between labor and capital, and of their mutual dependence on each other; and it will give them great pleasure, during the present year, to afford to the various trade organizations, and the reform associations which have been recently established to check municipal corruption 13

and promote social economy, such facilities for mutual under­ standing as will enable all classes to perceive that their true inter­ ests are promoted by economy, uninterrupted industry, and integ­ rity in the administration of public affairs. If, in addition to this knowledge, the community could be made to appreciate the neces­ sity, in time of war, of avoiding all foreign luxuries, whether it be " convenient ’’ or not to give them up, then indeed would be vin­ dicated the wisdom of that provision of the trust deed which gives to the course of instruction on Social and Political Science pre­ cedence over all other objects of expenditure in this Institution. The amount paid during the year for lectures was $690.

THE MUSICAL DEPARTMENT, Which, previous to last year, was conducted as a night class, now meets by day, and is limited to ladies and boys, who are trained by Mr. C. Jerome Hopkins as Orpheon choristers. This class has been too recently organized to pass judgment on its suc­ cess, but the performances of this evening give promise of very satisfactory results. The general diffusion of a taste for music among the working classes is an object of the greatest importance, as relieving the severe labors of the day, and tending to diffuse a cheerful temper in meeting the toils and difficulties of life. The Trustees desire to have it understood that the experiment of free musical instruction will be continued during the next year, and they trust that larger numbers of ladies and boys will avail them­ selves of the opportunity.

THE FEMALE ART DEPARTMENT, During the past year, has been an eminent success. The number of pupils admitted has been 173, being largely in excess of any previous year. The usual course of instruction has been given under the direction of Mrs. L . A. Cuddehy as Principal; with H. Peters Gray, N. A., as Professor of Drawing and Paint­ ing from Cast and Life ; Worthington Whittredge, N. A., as Pro­ fessor of Drawing and Painting from Nature; Thos. C. Farrar as Professor of Drawing and Painting from Still L ife; Signor P. Manzoni as Professor of Landscape Painting, and Robert O’Brien as Instructor in Drawing and Engraving upon Wood. 14

The Trustees can only commend the ability andi ty fidel with which the arduous duties of those in charge of the school have been performed, and the results, which we have all witnessed in the exhibition up stairs, is sufficient proof of their merits. The amount expended in the maintenance of the school during the past year was $3,305.41. During the year, $500 was received from the estate of the late Robert C. Goodhue, for the express benefit of this department, and the same has been appropriated to the purchase of models. The Trustees call attention to this legacy as the first contribution in money which they have received, except from the founder of the Institution, and desire to add that while they have been able to carry on the Institution on a liberal scale with the means de­ rived from the original endowment, they see the way clear to ex­ pend a much larger amount to the greatest public advantage, whenever it shall be furnished by public or private benevolence; and it is made their duty by the trust deed to receive and ap­ ply all donations and legacies to such objects as the donor may direct. The increase of the Library, the foundation of a Picture Gallery, and the establishment of a School of Practical Science by day, are all objects which invite the generous aid of the lovers of education, and to which the Trustees earnestly call public atten­ tion. SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL. The Trustees expect, during the coming session, to make a be­ ginning of the Day School of Science, by the establishment of an Analytical Laboratory, and a regular course of instruction in ana­ lytical chemistry, under Prof. Stone. The development of this course into a regular scientific school would not be difficult with adequate means, and it is by no means creditable to New York that it is deficient in the means of giving such technical instruc­ tion as can be procured in any other metropolis in the world. The sum of $100,000 would enable the Trustees to place this school upon a permanent basis. Three times the sum would not be sufficient elsewhere, for here we have the building, the appara­ tus, and the organization all ready. Doubtless some graduate of the night classes will sooner or later supply the necessary 15 means; but in the mean time the Trustees feel bound to notify the public that nothing but an inconsiderable amount of money is re­ quired to insure the immediate establishment of the Scientific and Technical School, so indispensable to the future prosperity and glory of the city.

ADVISORY COUNCIL. The Trustees desire to acknowledge their obligations to the ladies of the Advisory Council of the Female Art School, for the zeal and fidelity with which they have visited the school and di­ rected its operations. Without their intelligent aid and advice it would be difficult to maintain the deservedly high character which the school now enjoys, and must continue to possess so long as it has the benefit of their supervision. In addition to the regular course of instruction, there is also a Literary Class, composed of such pupils in the other classes as may choose to attach themselves to it. It has been under the charge of Prof. J. E. Frobisher, and numbers between 50 and 60 members, and has been an unqualified success, contrasting most favorably with the irregular and eccentric proceedings of the Debating Society which it superseded. A Literary Journal has been commenced by the class and gives promise of success.

IN CONCLUSION, The Trustees would state that the property confided to their charge is entirely free from debt, and can never be en­ cumbered ; that its cost up to the time of the transfer to them was $630,000 ; that the revenues from the time of its completion to the 1st January, 1864, have amounted in the aggregate to the sum of $109,517.83, all of which has been duly expended in free instruction, and making a total expenditure of $739,517.83; that nearly 10,000 pupils have been taught in the various departments ; that the Reading Room and Picture Gallery have been visited by a million and a half of people; and that the annual revenues are sufficient for carrying into effect the leading ideas of the founder of this great benefaction. And now, Mr. Cooper, your associates in the trust which you have created, who have never heretofore on any public occasion addressed you either in the language of praise or of thanks, feel 16 that there is good reason to congratulate you that you have lived t o see this day, which celebrates the completion of the full course of study which you designed to establish for the improvement and elevation of the working classes. It is a remarkable thing, that early in life, when struggling with poverty, you should have formed the intention of founding this Institution. It is more re­ markable that you should have acquired the means of carrying your intention into effect; and still more remarkable that, having acquired the means, you should not have lost the desire to divest yourself of so great a property. But having done this act of beneficence, it seems meet and Providential that you should have been preserved to see its first fruits, on an occasion in which so many thousands of your fellow citizens have joined. This year also it has happened to you to celebrate, in the midst of your children and grandchildren and intimate friends, the fiftieth anniversary of your wedding day, and to receive the congratulations which always attend so auspicious and so rare a festival. The com­ memoration of that golden Cooper union was indeed full of in­ terest, and can never be forgotten by those who were fortunate enough to be present; but in the completion and fruition of this other Cooper Union, which we celebrate here to-night, the interest is of a grander, higher, and more durable character ; for in a few years at best, the offspring of the earlier union will have passed away, and perchance your blood will no longer be traced upon the earth ; but this night and this later Union gives to you a new family, to which each year new children shall be added in endless succession, so that your line will never die. These young men who to-night achieve the right to call you father, Almus Pater, rather than Alma Mater, desire the honor of taking you by the hand; and when you have passed away, and to future graduates the graduating medal alone will recall your now familiar features, these young men will tell with becoming pride how, as the crowning honor of the occasion, they were permitted to grasp with reverential affection that hand, which, inured to toil, has never yet been refused to the sons of toil, for whom you have labored so long and done so much. On the conclusion of the Report, the members of the graduat­ ing class came forward, and taking Mr. Cooper by the hand, each in turn expressed his thanks for the benefits he had received. The scene was peculiarly touching and interesting. In response to the repeated calls of the audience, Mr. Cooper, who had expected nothing of the kind, and was overcome with emotion, made the following remarks: It is, my friends, no ordinary pleasure to me, to give the hand of friendship and affection to these young men, whoseod gocon­ duct and persevering efforts through a full course of instruction, have won for themselves all the honors of this Institution. Nothing can be more gratifying to me than to feel and know that the institution to which I have given the best years and ef­ forts of my life, is in reality working out a substantial benefit to the rising generation of this my native city and country. It has been peculiarly gratifying to me to witness the good order and devotion to study that has prevailed in all the classes throughout the year that has passed. It may be interesting to the audience to know how the idea originated that led to the building of this Institution. It happened more than thirty years ago that I was elected a member of the Common Council of this city. A t that time I became acquainted with a gentleman who had then lately returned from France. That gentleman informed me that while he was in Paris he had attended the free Polytechnic school provided by the government. He spoke in glowing terms of the great advantage he had received from the consummate ability of the teachers and the perfect appliances used for illustration. What interested me most deeply was the fact that hundreds of young men were there from all parts of France, living on a bare crust of bread a day to get the benefit of those lectures. Feeling then as I always have, my own want of education, and more especially my want of scientific knowledge as ap­ plicable to the various callings in which I had been engaged, it was this want of my own which I felt so keenly, that led 18 me, in deep sympathy for those whom I knew would be subject to the same wants and inconvenience that I had encountered—it was this feeling which led me to provide an institution where a course of instruction would be open and free to all who felt a want of scientific knowledge, as applicable to any of the useful purposes of life. Having started in life with naked hands and an honest pur­ pose, I persevered through long years of trial and effort to obtain the means to erect this building, which is now entirely devoted, with all its rents and revenue of every name and nature, to the advancement of science and art. Believing, as I do, that science is a rule or law of God by which the movements of the material creation are rendered intelli­ gible to man ; that science itself is nothing more nor less than a knowledge of this law or rule actually demonstrated by the experi­ ence of mankind; believing this I have given the labors of a long life to the advancement and diffusion of scientific knowledge, feeling assured that when Christianity itself is felt in all its purity, power and force, when it is relieved of all sit creeds and systems of human device, it will then be found to be a simple system; a science or rule of life, to guide and regulate the actions of mankind. My hope is that the love and desire for scientific knowledge will cause unborn thousands to throng these halls to learn the beauties and how to obtain the benefits provided in nature for the use and elevation of mankind. These will be known and enjoyed where men keep, subdue and hold dominion over the world and all that in it is. I trust the young will here catch the inspiration of truth in all its native power and beauty, and find in it a source of inex­ pressible pleasure, and spread its transforming influence through­ out the world. 19

RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES FROM MAY 1s t , 1859, TO

JANUARY 1st, 1864.

RECEIPTS FRO M ALL SOURCES.

1859. 1860. 1861. 1862. 1863. T otal Balance transferred.. $259 26 $259 26 Rents...... 10,599 08 $21,803 95$14,735 81$17,667 11$23,156 7587,962 70 Instruction Depart­ ment ...... 230 19 185 62 224 31 290 55 930 67 School of Design...... 563 31 333 34 479 24 727 40 2,103 29 Reading Room...... 99 58 40 52 90 79 77 95 308 84 Donation Account.... 5,109 20 4,990 80 5,772 00 15,872 00 Interest...... 53 40 168 51 221 91 Furniture...... 272 50 272 50 Sundries...... 24 94 36 13 1 42 550 00 57 99 $10,858 34$28,103 67$20,322 22$18,516 27$30,198 66107,999 10

EXPENDITURES.

1859. 1860. 1861. 1862 . 1863. T otal. Free Night School... $522 61 $5,371 95 $4,151 90 $2,719 03 $3,450 42$16,415 91 School of Design...... 420 83 2,370 05 3,416 58 2,243 02 3,305 41 11,755 89 Reading Room...... 464 19 2,057 52 1,964 66 1,579 53 1,691 02 7,756 92 Care of Building...... 639 24 1,273 23 976 97 969 84 1,088 95 4,948 23 Repairs and Improve­ ments ...... 7,047 96 1,941 63 6,415 11 4,281 7219,686 42 535 94 2,608 57 2,069 19 1,742 95 2,412 50 9,369 15 F u el...... 220 25 896 00 751 10 914 00 1,644 00 4,425 35 Office...... 1,159 00 1,385 41 607 00 422 68 413 07 3,987 16 Picture Gallery...... 61 60 180 50 187 30 183 18 181 25 793 83 Heat and Ventilation. 427 75 942 44 751 58 843 40 925 00 3,890 17 Library...... 171 65 344 09 142 75 145 48 893 97 Lectures...... 219 00 690 00 909 00 Furnishing...... 2,101 75 2,418 46 6 1 23 24 75 126 58 4,732 77 Printing...... 227 65 194 71 340 91 763 27 Advertising...... 82 94 148 98 166 38 184 11 264 81 847 22 Stationery...... 401 61 552 52 184 16 44 61 81 19 1,264 09 Philosophical Appa­ ratus...... 390 05 2,232 30 2,160 32 239 04 87 34 5,109 05 Postage...... 4 74 52 50 69 50 177 78 90 64 395 16 Sundry Expenses ...... 68 60 81 73 17 51 14 77 182 65 33 61 .... 36 61 City A ssessm ents.... 788 46 .... 788 46 Government Stocks.. 5,000 00 5,000 00 $7,432 50$30,800 71$20,112 97$19,277 00 $26,235 061 03,858 24

Balance on hand, January 1st, 1864...... $4,140 92 Unexpended Appropriations, &c...... $1,500 00 Amounto fdebts outstanding January 1st, 1864...... 2,432 71 ------3,932 71 Available Balance...... $208 21 20

NUMBER OF PUPILS WHO ENTERED, AND THE NUMBER WHO REMAINED AT THE END OF THE TERM.

Entered. Remained.

Algebra and Geometry ..... 228 84 Solid Geometry, Logarithms, &c. 27 17 Analytical and Descriptive Geometry, . 20 9 M e c h a n i c s , ...... 7 5 Elementary C h e m i s t r y , ...... 65 31 Applied C h e m istry ,...... 20 13 Natural Philosophy,...... 79 22 Architectural D r a w i n g , ...... 73 45 Mechanical D raw ing,...... 175 97 Free Hand Drawing,...... 183 145 Perspective D raw ing,...... 87 68 Drawing from Cast and Life, .... 30 28 Oratory and Forensic,...... 58 30

TRADES AND PROFESSIONS OF THE PUPILS OF THE FREE NIGHT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART.—TERM 1863, 1864. sophy. Drawing. Drawing. Drawing. Chemistry and Mathematics. Natural Philo­ Architectural Mechanical Free Free H and

Clerks, Bookkeepers, &c., 78 43 11 8 28 Machinists and Iron Workers, 61 9 2 128 4 Teachers and Students, 34 20 4 2 12 Carpenters and Cabinetmakers, 12 4 35 5 10 Draughtsmen and Patternmakers, 10 2 14 4 Jewelers, Watchmakers, &c.. 4 5 13 Engravers and Lithographers, . 5 2 .... 44 E n g in e e rs...... , 5 3 5 2 Druggists and Chemists, . 2 32 Physicians and Medical Students, . .... 11 P ain ters,...... 4 .... 3 3 1 Carriage Makers, .... 3 2 1 1 P rin ters,...... 9 3 2 Masons and Stonecutters, 3 • • • • 1 0 8 Carvers and Turners, .... • • • • • • • • 30 Sundry Occupations, 54 30 6 12 24

282 154 73 175 213 21

AGES OF THE PUPILS OF THE FREE NIGHT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART.—TERM 1863, 1864. losophy. Drawing. Drawing. D raw ing. Mathematics. Natural Phi­ Chemistry. Architectural Mechanical Free Hand

Number of Pupils below 20 years 121 35 29 35 112 163 “ “ 20 to 30 “ 88 28 22 38 53 45 “ “ 30 to 40 “ 10 3 12 6 8 5 “ “ over 40 “ 2 3 4 2 Not specified...... 23 5 16 ......

COURSE OF STUDIES IN THE FREE NIGHT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART.

Classes. Monday. Tuesday. Wednesday. Thursday. Friday.

Class E .... Algebra, Geometry, Algebra, Geometry, Algebra, Class D .... Natural Phi­Solid Geome­ Solid Geome­ Solid Geome­ Natural Phi­ losophy, try, Logar­ try, Logar­ try, Logar­ losophy, ithm s & Tri­ ithms & Tri­ ithms & Tri­ gonometry, gonometry, gonometry, Class C...... Analytical Elementary &Descriptive Elementary &Analytical Geometry, Applied Geometry, Applied Geometry, Chemistry, Chem istry, Class B .... Mechanical Architectural Analytical &Architectural Mechanical Drawing, Drawing, Organic Drawing, Drawing, Chemistry, Class A .... Mechanical Mechanics. Mechanics. Mechanics. Mechanical Drawing. Drawing. 22

RULES AND REGULATIONS

FOR ADMISSION TO THE FREE NIGHT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART.

The Term commences on the 1st of October, and ends on the 1st of April. The hours of attendance are from half past seven,m p.., to nine, p. m. Applications for admission are received during the month of Sep­ tember. Each applicant must be i sxteen years of age, and must present a letter of recommendation, for which blank forms can be obtained at the office of the institution. Continued absence or irregular attendance is punished with dis­ missal, and no pupil is admitted after half past seven except by special permit from the clerk. No charge or fees of any kind are received forinstruct ion. 23

LIST OF PAPERS AND MAGAZINES TAKEN IN THE READING ROOM.

PAPERS.

New York City Dailies. Abend Zeitung. New York Herald, 3 copies. Commercial Advertiser. “ Sun, 2 copies. Courrier des Etats Unis. “ Times, 2 copies. Evening Express. “ Staats Zeitung. Evening Post. “ Tribune, 3 copies. Journal of Commerce. “ Transcript. Le Messager Franco-Americain. “ World, 2 copies. Dailies. Albany Evening Journal. Philadelphia North American. “ “ Standard. “ Inquirer. Baltimore American. “ Daily News. Boston Post “ Age. Chicago Tribune. Rochester Evening Express. Cincinnati Commercial. Rochester Union and Advertiser. Cleveland Plaindealer. Syracuse Standard. Louisville Journal. St. Louis Union. Milwaukee Sentinel. Troy Times. Missouri Democrat. Utica Telegraph. New Orleans Picayune. “ Herald. “ “ Times. Washington Chronicle. Portland Advertiser. “ National Intelligencer Pittsburg Commercial. “ Republican. Foreign Dailies. Allgemeine Zeitung, Augsburg. Moniteur, Paris. Halifax Sun. L’Independance Beige, Brussels. Journal des Debats, Paris. Montreal Gazette. London Times. “ Witness. “ News. Weeklies. American Railroad Journal. Christian Inquirer. Anti Slavery Standard. “ Times. Army and Navy Journal. Evangelist. Church Journal. El Porvenir. Christian Intelligencer. El Continental. “ Advocate and Journal. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Paper. 24

Frank Leslie’s Illustrirte Zeitung. Scottish American. Freeman’s Journal. Stockholder. Home Journal. The Round Table. H arper’s W eekly. The Billiard Cue. Herald of Progress. Tablet. Independent. United States Economist. Irish American. Wilkes’s Spirit of the Times. Jewish Messenger. A dvent Herald, Boston. Jewish Record. Commercial Bulletin, “ Methodist. Banner of the Covenant, “ Metropolitan Record. B anner of Light, “ New Jerusalem Messenger. Country Gentleman, Albany. New Yorker. Christian Secretary, Hartford. New York Albion. Chicago Merchants’ Circular. New York Chronicle. Detroit Advertiser. “ Handels Zeitung. Dwight’s Journal of Music, Boston. “ Ledger. Episcopal Recorder, Philadelphia. “ Leader. Hartford Courant. “ Musical Review. Herald of Gospel Liberty, Boston. “ Observer. Kansas Journal, Leavenworth. “ Era. Littell’s Living Age, Boston. “ Weekly. Miner’s Journal, Pottsville. “ Courier. La Renaissance Louisianaise, N. O. “ Illustrated News. Mercantile Gazette, San Francisco. “ Belletristisches Journal. Nashville Union. “ Dispatch. Providence Journal. Principia. Springfield Journal, (Ill.) Shipping and Commercial List. “ Republican, (Mass.) Scientific American.

Foreign Weeklies.

A ll The Y ear Round, London. Punch, London. A thenaeum, “ Reader, “ Bell’s Life in London, “ Saturday Review, “ Builder, “ Spectator, “ Cassell’s Illustrated Paper, “ Cosmos, Paris. Chemical News, “ Journal pour Tous, “ Dublin Nation. L’Illustration, “ Economist, London. St. Jo h n ’s Courier. Exam iner, “ Canada Lancet, Montreal. Engineer, “ Ausland. Chambers’s Journal, “ Blatter fur Literarische Unterhaltung.. Illustrated News, “ Illustrirte Zeitung. “ News of the W orld, “ Illustrirte Gewerbezeitung. “ Times, “ Fliegende Blatter. Index, “ Gartenlaube. Journal of the Society of Arts, “ Grenzboten. Lancet, “ Kladeradatsch. London Review, “ Deutsches Museum. M echanic’s Magazine, “ Neue Zeitschrift fur Musik. Once a W eek, “ Polytechnisches Notizblatt. 25

Magazines, American.

American Agriculturalist. H arper’s Magazine. " Journal of Education. Herald of Health. “ “ Science & A rt. Hall’s Journal of Health. “ Medical Monthly. Historical Magazine. “ Journal of Med. Science. Home Missionary. “ Messenger. Humphrey’s Journal of Photography. “ Odd Fellow. “ H unt’s M erchant’s Magazine. Missionary. Homoeopathic Review. “ Church Quarterly Review. Journal of the Franklin Institute. Brownson’s Quarterly Review. Insurance Monitor. Bible Society Record. Knickerbocker Magazine. Beauty of Holiness. Ladies’ Repository. Arthur’s Home Magazine. Magazine of Horticulture. Atlantic Monthly. Methodist Quarterly. Christian Examiner. M erry’s Museum. Continental Monthly. Mirror of Fashion. Church Monthly. New Englander. Child at Home. New York Teacher. Eclectic Magazine. North American Review. Frank Leslie’s Lady’s Magazine. New Path. Foreign Missionary. Peterson’s Magazine. Godey’s Lady’s Book. Presbyterian Theological Review.

English. Artizan. Lon. Ed. and Dub. Phil. Magazine. Bentley’s Miscellany. London Quarterly Review. Civil Engineer. Law Magazine. Church and State Review. Meliora. Colburn’s New Monthly. Macmillan. “ United Service Mag. Museum. Cornhill. National Review. Dublin University. National Magazine. Dublin Review. Natural History Review. Eclectic Review. Newton’s London Journal. English Journal of Education. Publishers’ Circular. Edinburgh Review. North British Review. Edin. New Philosophical Jour. Practical Mechanics’ Journal. Educational Times. Quarterly Journal of Science. Frazer’s Magazine. St. Jam es Fine Arts, Quarterly. Sixpenny Magazine. Good Words. Temple Bar. Intellectual Observer. Victoria Magazine. Journal of Sacred Literature. Westminster Review. London Society. German. Annalen der Chemie und Pharmacie.Polytechnisches Journal. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte. Polytechnisches Notizblatt. Deutsche Vierteljahr Schrift. Vierteljahr Schrift fur die Prak- Hausblatter. tische Heilkunde. Illustrirtes Familienbuch. Westermann’s Monatshefte. Peterman’s Mittheilunger. Zeitschrift fur Allgemeine Erdkunde. Poggendorf’s Annalen der Physik. “ “ Staatswissenschaft. 26

French,

Annales de Chimie et Physique. Magasin Pittoresque. “ des Mines. Revue Contemporaine Bulletin de la Societe et Journal des “ des Deux Mondes. Economistes. “ Germanique. Italian. Rivista Contemporanea.

NUMBER OF VISITORS TO THE READING ROOM.

1860. 1861. 1862. 1863.

January, 18,532 24,240 19,866 17,389 February, . 20,044 24,133 18,359 15,602 March, 23,696 22,543 20,593 15,911 April, 18,735 20,470 19,327 13,335 May, 18,739 19,597 15,996 12,962 J u n e ,. 16,230 17,956 11,936 12,786 July, .... 15,098 16,459 13,331 11,676 August, 6,299* 10,914* 8,501* 3,388* September,. 17,388 17,546 15,796 16,270 October, 26,371 19,884 17,970 16,762 N ovem ber,. 17,234 19,630 15,288 16,871 December, . 21,344 15,244 17,889 18,919

Totals, . 219,710 228,616 194,852 171,871

* Closed part of the month.

NUMBER OF VISITORS TO THE PICTURE GALLERY DURING THE YEAR 1863. January, . . . 15,192 February, .... 14,224 March, . 14,349 April, ..... 17,546 May, . 14,349 June, ..... 17,048 July, . 14,582 August,* .... ---- September, . 13,326 October, ..... 12,632 November, . 14,059 December, 14,606

161,913 * Closed. 27

RULES AND REGULATIONS OF the

F em ale School of A rt.

I. This School has been established and is maintained by the Trustees with the primary object of affording free instruction in the Arts of Design to Females, who, having the requisite natural taste and capacity, intend to apply the knowledge acquired in the Institution to their own support, either by teaching or by pursuing art as a pro­ fession. It is not, therefore, designed for the rich, but as it is an ad­ vantage to the School, both in point of income and refinement, that pupils who are able to pay should be admitted, the Trustees have de­ cided to admit amateurs to the extent of one-third of the whole num­ ber of pupils. But, in order that people in moderate circumstances may avail themselves of the great advantages of the School, the rates have been made extremely moderate—viz., one dollar and fifty cents per week for instruction in Drawing, and two dollars per week for instruction in Pastel, Water-Color, or Oil Painting. Pupils will not be received for less than ten weeks, and the fees must be paid in advance. As many pupils have heretofore been admitted as free pupils whose means amply justified the small payment required from the amateurs, the Trustees are constrained to ask such pupils to re­ member that each paying pupil secures the admission of two free pupils, and that the usefulness of the School will be greatly extended if all who can and ought to contribute to its support perform their duty. Any pupil who can afford to pay and does not do so actually deprives three poor and deserving girls of admission to the School, and the opportunity to earn an honest livelihood in a respectable and useful sphere of life. II. The Annual Term will commence on the first day of October, and terminate on the thirtieth day of May in each year. III. All pupils, whether Industrial or Amateur, will provide them­ selves with the materials required for their instruction, including pencils, paper, crayons, colors, and brushes. 28

IV. Pupils will not be eprmitted to remain members of the School longer thanfour years; but will be fitted for particular pursuits in as much less time as may be practicable. Certificates will be given to each pupil on completing the course, specifying the pursuits for which she has been prepared. V. Instruction will be given in Drawing—from the flat, from casts, and from nature; in Wood and Copper Engraving and Lithography; in Designs for Manufacturing; in Painting—in pastel, water-colors, and oil; and such other branches of Art as may from time to time be found useful or ornamental. VI. Pupils on entering the School will indicate the object of their studies, and be classed accordingly, as—

1. A m a t e u r s . 2 . P r e p a r in g to b e c o m e T e a c h e r s . 3. P rofessional o r I n d u s t r ia l .

VII. The Amateur Class will be composed of paying pupils who desire instructionin Drawing, figures, landscape, genre, or flowers; in painting in oil, pastel, or water-colors. Theattendance of this class will not be subject to strict rule, but instruction will be given only in the forenoon from nine to twelve; the pupils may, however, attend for practice at any other hours. When in the School, members of the Amateur Class must comply with the rules, and be subject to the direction of the teachers. VIII. Pupils preparing to beteachers will receive the same instruc­ t ion as Amateurs, but must attend from nine to one daily, unless specially excused by the Principal, for adequate reasons. Such pupils will be employed as monitors, from time to time, in the classes of be­ ginners, in order that they may actually practise their duties before receiving their diploma certifying their ability to teach. IX. The Industrial Class will be composed of pupils who wish to apply their knowledge of A rt to practical uses. They will attend for four hours daily, as in the case of the Teachers’ Class, and will be in­ structed in ornamental, mathematical and perspective drawing, painting in water-colors, and painting of flowers and composition applicable to every branch of industrial decoration. X. The Teachers are required to be diligent and courteous in the performance of their duties; but under no circumstances are they to touch up the work of the pupils, the object being for the pupil to do the work, and for the teacher to point out defects and proper methods. XI. In the method of pursuing their studies, the choice of models, 29

and their position in the rooms, the pupils will be subject to the judg­ ment of the Principal, and no pupilw ill be permitted to change her model or her place without her express permission. XII. The School will be visited by an Advisory Council of Ladies and Artists, whose duty it shall be to report to the Trustees, in a book provided for that purpose, on the condition of the School and the progress of the pupils. Free pupils, who, from lack of talent or in­ dustry, do not give evidence of satisfactory progress, will be dismissed from the School. Any breach of good behavior will be followed by prompt dismissal. XIII. The Drawings must all be marked by the name of the pupil, and of the class and division to which she belongs, and be exhibited in the different rooms, being changed every month; and according to the progress thus indicated the pupils will be promoted. Pupils in the Amateur Class will be subject to this rule. The Drawings will be the property of the pupils, and may be removed from time to time, with the consent of the Principal; but every free pupil will be required, on quitting the School, to leave behind one specimen of her work for the permanent gallery of the School. XIV. A Special Teacher will be provided for engraving on wood and copper, and for lithography, and a special class formed into which pupils will be admitted as soon as they have acquired an adequate knowledge of drawing. Orders will be received in the School by the Principal for engraving, and will be executed by the pupils to whom she may assign them, and the money thus earned will be paid to the pupils who may be entitled to it. But it is distinctly declared that the School is not to be converted into a workshop, and hence, when the number of skilled pupils becomes inconveniently large, the pupils must retire from the School; but orders will be received at the School and given out to those who have been pupils, to be executed at home. XV. Whenever diagrams or drawings are required in the other de­ partments of the Union for the purpose of instruction, the Principal will have them executed by the pupils of the School, who are to make no charge for the same. XVI. Visitors will be admitted only on Fridays, between the hours of eleven and one o’clock. Gentlemen not accompanied by ladies can only be admitted by special permission, in writing, or in the company of one of the Trustees, or of the Ladies of the Advisory Council. XVII. No instruction will be given on Saturdays, but the School will be open for practice. The Trustees give notice that good models, either in nature or art, 30 are greatly needed in the School, and all donations wille b thankfully received; and they take this occasion to make a public acknowledg­ ment of a bequest fo five hundred dollars ($500) from the late Robert C. Goodhue, which will be applied to the purchase of models. They also express their hope that prizes for meritorious pupils will be founded by the benevolent and the lovers of art; and they respect­ fully call attention to this mode of promoting the usefulness of the School. Such prizes in the foreign schools of art are found to be pro­ ductive of the best results. 31

NAMES OF PUPILS WHO HAVE RECEIVED CERTIFICATES FOR THE TERM 1863-’4.

Three grades of Certificates are awarded to the pupils of this Institution. The First for superior ability and diligent attention; The Second for ability and diligent attention ; and The Third for diligent attention and good conduct.

FEMALE SCHOOL OF ART. ENGRAVING ON WOOD.

First Grade. Miss Bianca Bondi, Miss Sarah B. Denroche, Miss Frances Ketcham, “ Laura E. Brower, “ Alice Donlevy, “ Amelia Van Horn, “ Frederica Barnes, “ Sophia A. Grant, “ Rhoda A. Wells. “ Abbie Crane, “ Emelie Hueter, — 11.

DRAWING AND PAINTING FROM LIFE. First Grade. Miss Emma L. Blake, Miss Mary E. Gedney, Miss Susan C. Saxton, “ Adelia C. Covell, “ Fanny Goodrich, L. Fox, “ Georgiana Davis, Sarah“ C. Howard, “ M. Ackerman, “ Sarah C. Davenport, “ Angelina C. Myer. “ E. P. Barney. Second Grade. Miss Louisa J. Amidon, Miss Laura Neely, Miss Sophie Neely.—15.

DRAWING AND PAINTING FROM STILL LIFE.

First Grade, Miss Mary H. Covell, Miss Eliz’h C. Hawley, Miss Laura Nickerson, “ Abbie W. Crocker, “ Lizzie B. Humphrey, “ Kate Newh all, “ Helen A. Daley, “ Susan L. Johnson, “ Emma De Ryck, “ Hattie Dickinson, “ Helen J. Landon, “ “ Fanny Ford, “ Ellen A. Le Valley, L. A. J. Stephens, “ Emma Fox, “ Marg’t McDonald, “ Martha J. Wood, “ Mary E. Gendar, “ Maria H. Nitchie, “ J. Elder. Mrs. Caroline J. Soper, 32

Second Grade. Miss Emma Brace, Miss Emily F. Mulford, Miss H. White, “ Julia Brown, “ Mary E. Speakman, “ M. L. Hughes, “ Ellen A. Daley, “ Augusta T. S. Ste­ “ E. Ripley, “ Florence Francis, phenson. “ C. Richardson, “ Anna Isham, “ Ellen R. White, “ K. McClelland, “ Maggie Kellog, “ A. Pratt, “ J. Moore. “ Melissa A. Kinnard, “ A. Graves, “ Emma Maynieke. --44.

Third Grade. Miss Fanny Bogardus, Miss Hermine Grabau. Miss Frederica H. New­ “ Lizzie Cloherty, “ Flora Neely, berry.

FREE NIGHT SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ART

MECHANICS. First Grade. Eugene Corbett, George Haitzen, William L. Taylor. William Forbes, Robert Scott,

SPHERICAL TRIGONOMETRY, AND ANALYTICAL AND DESCRIP­ TIVE GEOMETRY. First Grade. Miss Mary E. Fishbrough, William F. Byrne, Heyward Myers. “ R. N. Palmer, David Ferguson,

Second Grade. Frank Curtis. Gram Curtis, James B. Edson.

SOLID GEOMETRY, LOGARITHMS AND PLANE GEOMETRY. First Grade. Miss Elizabeth McHugh, August Doerflinger, James T. Murphy, Matthew H. Beers, Patrick Elliff, Joseph E. Ralph, George F. Behringer, Hugh Foulke, Charles L. Reason. Second Grade. Richard Davies, John I. Ogilvie, John L. Piper.— 13. Thomas Fitzsimmons. 33

ALGEBRA AND PLANE GEOMETRY. First Grade. Miss Sarah Crummy, Alonzo Chamberlain, John O’Connor, “ Frances J. Fowler, Richard Gross, John O’Keefe, “ Maria Gillin, Frederick Hewitt, John F. O’Loughlin, “ Annie Gorman, John Love, jr. Henry J. Pape, “ Julia Hodges, Asher H. Luchas, John Pemberty, “ Charlotte A. Keeler, James A. McAvoy, John H. Pine, “ Agnes Koenen, Luther E. Mansfield, Thomas L. Pyterman, “ Susanna McHugh,John McCarthy, Patrick F. Ryan, “ Jennie E. Plumb, Patrick J. McMahon, George H. Smith, “ Elizabeth J. Shep ­ Jacob Nasher, Frank Thayer, herd, Peter Nevin, Perez Weil, Henry C. Barrows, David Noyes, Walter Wheeler, John M. Bossang, Wm. B. O’Brien, John Willman. Edward M. Byrne, Charles O’Connor, Second Grade. Miss J. Manning, George J. Brown, Michael Miller, “ Fannie Rogers, Charles F. Carnes, John A. Noonan, John E. Axtman, Frederick Huener, Frank Stephani, David Beatson, Thomas H. Kane, Frank Weber. Henry C. Becker, Third Grade. Miss Bridget McCullogh, George W. Hoage, Richard Van Voorhes. John Delaney, Joseph Steen, Wheaton Virgil.—59.

ANALYTICAL AND ORGANIC CHEMISTRY. First Grade. Miss Sarah A. Plummer, Charles B. Cook, Theodore Wehle, Adam Bosch, Daniel H. Hives, Richard Vogel.—8. Julius Brandies, William Ross,

ELEMENTARY CHEMISTRY, AND CHEMISTRY APPLIED TO THE ARTS. First Grade. Miss Sarah P. Lillie, Herman Krehbiel, Robert Roden, William P. Byrne, Rudolph Krehbiel, Charles S. Schultz, Charles B. Cook, William Ross, Joseph Verdin. Second Grade. Henry Horwitz, John B. Stobaus. Third Grade. George Markgraff.—12.

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY. First Grade. Miss M. E. Dusenbury, Charles B. Cook, Joseph E. Ralph, “ Elizabeth McHugh, Richard Davies, Charles L. Reason, “ A. J. Stephenson, August Doerflinger, Robert Roden, Matthew H. Beers, Thomas Fitzsimmons, William Ross, George F. Behringer, Henry Horwitz, Charles S. Schultz. —15. 3 34

MECHANICAL DRAWING—S e c t i o n A. First Grade. Adam Bosch, William Eastmark, Robert Scott, George Brune, John Farrell, Peter Smith, Henry Bussman, Daniel H. Ives, William L. Taylor, Nicholas Cassin, Charles Koerber, Louis Winter, Eugene Corbett, Albert Moebius, Alfred G. Westerberg. William Cox, John Reusch, Second Grade. Christian Kohberger, John Nunan, James McDonald.—20.

MECHANICAL DRAWING—S e c t i o n B. First Grade. Richard Allen, John Hackett, William Lawson, Frank M. Brown, Jos. B. F. Hawkins, Charles B. Lynes, George W. Brown, Henry S. Hayward, Heyward Myers, Robert Cole, Charles J. Hillard, Louis Nickel, Michael J. Carroll, John Hilton, Patrick F. Ryan, George F. Coleman, Albert I lsen, John Ryder, George Cowie, Walter Jarboe, Frederick Reitzel, William J. Crothers, Charles W. Keene, Paul Seiler, Peter Falconer, Michael Koening, Andrew Van Tuyl, Edward H. Gantert, Francis N. Keisling, George Young. Thomas Gowenlock, Second Grade. John J. Burke, Jacob Harbers, John Ryan, Constant W. Booth, Gustave Hertel, Charles Stein, James K. Ford, Augustus J. Herstel, Vernon B. Upham, Charles Frick. Charles Moritz, Peter Winter.—43

ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING. First Grade. John B. Bonnett, Carl Gumbart, Charles E. Moran, Robert Brown, William A. Hankinson,Henry Wesche, John Forham, Ephraim S. Hazard, James Wilson. Second Grade. Charles S. Cilley, Melville Hendricks, Albert Stebbins, Philip Decker, Charles H. Jordan, W. H. Swift, Frank A. Dietz, William Lawson, Arthur M. Thom, E. T. Drinkwater, Joseph W. S. Martin, Joseph E. Walker, George Fountain, James Rae, Lorra Wiegel, William Glaekmeyer, William Russell, John Willmann. James Golden, Ferdinand Schard, Third Grade. James Brennan, Jasper T. Kane, John Potter, G. D. Chisholm, John Kennedy, Hiram J. Salter, John Purdue, Benajah M. Martin, Charles E. Wood.—40. Cadwallader M. Jones, Michael McGavin, 35

PERSPECTIVE. First Grade. James Bolger, Edward Kellog, Jacob Muth, Frank Bell, Os. W. S. Martin, Edward Purcell, Robert Gamm, Luther E. Mansfield, Charles L. Schulnick, Joseph Hoey, Daniel E. D. McMurray,David Stanley, Henry A. Hoyt, George W. McMillan, Charles P. Steyert, Ephraim S. Hazard, Charles E. Moran, John C. J. Stephan, Louis Herzog, John Moran, Alfred G. Westerberg, William A. Hannessen,Joseph Mermillod, Pierre Wykoff. Second Grade. John Clement, Frank A. Dietz, Lazarus Myhan, Julius F. Dihlmann, Julius Gugler, Ferdinand Schard.—32. Charles Dihlmann, John G. Konen,

DRAWING FROM LIFE AND CAST. First Grade. James Bolger, George Gray, Joseph Mermillod, Augustus Biesel, Wm. A. Hannessen, John C. A. O’Neill, William E. Brill, Louis Herzog, Nicholas Rossignoli, Arthur Dieter, Joseph Hoey, Otto Schrader, Richard H. Farrell, George Kerth, Alfred E. Shawt, Frederick Gortelmeyer, Ellridge Kingsley, Henry Wesche.—20. Henry Geller, John G. Konen,

DRAWING FROM THE FLAT. First Grade. Frederick A. Bennett, Gustave Hurtel, Edward Purcell, Henry Berhard, William Hutchinson, William Schaefer, Hiram Blake, Emil Klappert, Henry Schenck, Henry Blake, Otto Krause, Philip Schaad, Charles Bohm, John Lawton, Robert Sharp, Joseph Cocks, Paul E. D. McMurray, William E. Smith, Corp Henry Cook, William McPherson, Charles Sneider, Robert Cussen, John Moran, David Stanley, Charles Derlath, Ambrose Morrison, Simon Strauss, Ferdinand Derlath, Francis Newberger, Benjamin H. Tilton, Francis Farrell, Charles S. Newell, John Tinkey, John V. Felter, John Niebuh, Charles F. Wingate, Peter Finley, Albert Oehlmann, George H. Wingate, Harold Forsberg, George Oswald, Charles Wilhelms, Robert Gamm, Alfred Pailliard, James D. Wilson, Austin Gordon, Thomas Phillips, J. Douglas Woodward. Julius Gugler, —49 Second Grade. August Becker, Jeremiah Bradley, Robert Cussen, Adolph Bede, Titus Britzfield, John Clement, Augustus Behrend, George Brown, Robert Daly, Barnett Bildersee, George Breunig, Charles Dihlmann, Henry Borchers, John Cuttle, Julius F. Dihlmann, 36 James Donahue, Frederick Koch, Conrad Schott, Conrad Fey, Paul Kuhnle, August Schumacher, John Giering, John Kurz, Christian Sproul, Franklin Hallock, Jos. W. S. Martin, George Sproul, Frank Haun, Elias Marks, John C. J, Stephan, Michael Haun, George W. McMillan, Charles P. Steyart, Charles Hayman, Louis Meyer, Albert Venino, Peter Kennel, Jacob Muth, Frank Weston, R. Kennedy, Theodore Muth, Lawrence Welker, Charles Klein, David Ramsey, Charles Wiener, Andrew Konen, William Schirmer, John Wilson.—49. Charles Konig, Third Grade. Armenag Asadoorian, Paul Geisler, Ed. F. Nusspickel, Martin Bauer, Alonzo Gibbs, Joseph Rath, Charles Bemis, William H. Hogeman, Joseph Schiller. Maax Cooper, Donald Kennedy, Francis Schwartz, Joseph Dingler, Charles Landan, Lewis Schmidt, John Does, Gustave Mehrbott, Hermann Salter, Frederick Edzel, William Mehrbott, William Walther.—21. 37

[LETTER FROM MR. COOPER, ACCOMPANYING THE TRUST-DEED.]

To the Trustees of “ The Cooper Union for the advancement of Science and A rt."

Gentlemen,—I t is to me a source of inexpressible pleasure, after so many years of continued effort, to place in your hands the title to all that piece and parcel of land bounded on the west by Fourth avenue, and on the north by Astor place, on the east by Third avenue, and on the south by Seventh street, with all the furniture, rents and income, of every name and nature, to be for­ ever devoted to the advancement of science and art, in their ap­ plication to the varied and useful purposes of life. The great object I desire to accomplish by the establishment of an institution devoted to the advancement of science and art, is to open the volume of nature by the light of truth—so unveil­ ing the laws and methods of Deity, that the young may see the beauties of creation, enjoy its blessings, and learn to love the Being “ from whom cometh every good and perfect gift.” My heart’s desire is, that the rising generation may become so thoroughly acquainted with the works of nature, and the great mystery of their own being, that they may , see feel, understand and know that there are immutable, designed laws in infinite wisdom, con­ stantly operating for our good— so governing the destiny of worlds and men that it is our highest wisdom to live in strict conformity to these laws. My design is to establish this institution, in the hope that unnumbered youth will here receive the inspiration of truth in all its native power and beauty, and find in it a source of per­ petual pleasure to spread its transforming influence throughout the world. Believingin and hopingfor such a result, I desire to make this institution contribute in every way to aid the efforts of youth 38

to acquire useful knowledge, and to find and fill that place in the community where their capacity and talents can be usefully em­ ployed with the greatest possible advantage to themselves and the community in which they live. In order most effectually to aid and encourage the efforts of youth to obtain useful knowledge, I have provided the main floor of the large hall on the third story for a reading-room, literary exchange and scientific collections,—the walls around that floor to be arranged for the reception of books, maps, paintings and other objects of interest. And when a sufficient collection of the works of art, science and nature can be obtained, I propose that glass cases shall be arranged around the walls of the gallery of the said room, forming alcoves around the entire floor, for the preservation of the same. In the window spaces I propose to arrange such cosmoramic and other views as will exhibit in the clearest and most forcible light the true philosophy of life. This philosophy will always show, when rightly understood and wisely applied, an inseparable connection between a course of vice and the misery that must inevitably follow. It will always show that “ wisdom’s ways are ways of pleasantness, and all her paths are peace.” To manifest the deep interest and sympathy I feel in all that can advance the happiness and better the condition of the female portion of the community, and especially of those who are de­ pendent on honest labor for support, I desire the trustees to ap­ propriate two hundred and fifty dollars yearly to assist such pupils of the Female School of Design as shall, in their careful judgment, by their efforts and sacrifices in the performance of duty to parents or to those that Providence has made dependent on them for support, merit and require such aid. My reason for this requirement is, not so much to reward as to encourage the exercise of heroic virtues that often shine in the midst of the greatest suffering and obscurity without so much as being noticed by the passing throng. In order to better the condition of woman and to widen the sphere of female employment, I have provided seven rooms to be forever devoted to a Female School of Design, and I desire the trustees to appropriate out of the rents of the building fifteen 39

hundred dollars annually towards meeting the expenses of said school. It is the ardent wish of my heart that this school of design may be the means of raising to competence and comfort thou­ sands of those that might otherwise struggle through a life of poverty and suffering. It is also my desire, that females belonging to the school of design shall have the use of one of the rooms not otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of holding meetings for the con­ sideration and application of the useful sciences and arts to any of the various purposes calculated to improve and better their condition. My hope is, to place this institution in the hands and under the control of men that will both know and feel the importance of forever devoting it, in the most effectual manner, to the moral, mental and physical improvement of the rising generation. Desiring, as I do, to use every means to render this institution useful through all coming time, and believing that editors of the public press have it in their power to exert a greater influence on the community for good than any other class of men of equal number, it is therefore my sincere desire that editors be earnestly invited to become members of the society of arts to be connected with this institution. It is my desire that editors may at all times have correct information in relation to all matters in any way connected with this institution, believing that they, as a body, will gladly contribute their mighty influence to guard the ave­ nues of scientific knowledge from all that could mar or prevent its influence from elevating the minds and bettering the hearts of the youth of our common country. I indulge the hope, that the Trustees will use their utmost efforts to secure instructors for the institution of the highest moral worth, talents, and capacity, fit­ ting them to communicate a knowledge of science in its most lovely and inviting forms. It is my design that the General Superintendent, under the direction of the Trustees, shall take all needful care of the build­ ing, and rent all unoccupied parts of the same. The person to be appointed as a General Superintendent should be a man of known devotion to the improvement of the 40 young. It will be his duty, not only to take charge of the build­ ing, but also to keep an office in the same, where persons may apply from all parts of the country for the services of young men and women of known character and qualifications to fill the vari­ ous situations that may be open. It will be his duty to give, in the most kind and affectionate manner, such advice and counsel to all that may apply, as will most effectually promote their best interests through life. Should any person ever be appointed a professor or superin­ tendent who shall be found incompetent or unworthy of the trust, it is my earnest desire that such professor or superintendent shall be promptly removed. It is my desire that students, on leaving the institution, shall receive a certificate setting forth their actual proficiency in any of the branches of science taught in the institution. In order to encourage the young to improve and better their condition, I have provided for a continued course of lectures, discussions, and recitations in the most useful and practical sci­ ences, to be open and free to all that can bring a certificate of good moral character, from parents, guardians, or employers, and who will agree on their part, to conform faithfully to all rules and regulations necessary to maintain the honor and usefulness of the institution. Believing that instruction in the science and philosophy of a true republican government, formed, as it should be, of the people and for the people, in all its operations, is suited to the common wants of our nature, and absolutely necessary to preserve and secure the rights and liberties of all; that such a government, rightly understood and wisely administered, will most effectually stimulate industry and afford the best means possible to improve and elevate our race, by giving security and value to all forms of human labor; that it is on the right understanding and applica­ tion of this science based as it is on the golden rule; that eternal principle of truth and justice that unites the individual, the community, the state, and the nation in one common purpose and interest, binding all to do unto others as they would that others should do unto them; thus deeply impressed with the great im­ portance of instruction in this branch of science, I have provided 41

that it shall be continually taught, as of pre-eminent importance to all the great interests of mankind. My feelings, my desires, my hopes, embrace humanity through­ out the world: and, if it were in my power, I would bring all mankind to see and feel that there is an Almighty power and beauty in goodness. I would gladly show to all, that goodness rises in every possible degree from the smallest act of kindness up to the Infinite of all good. My earnest desire is to make this building and institution contribute in every way possible, to unite all in one common effort to improve each and every human being, seeing that we are bound up in one common destiny, and by the laws of our being, are made dependent for our happiness on the continued acts of kindness we receive from each other. I desire that the students of this institution may have the privilege to occupy one of the large halls once in every month, for the purpose of a lecture to be delivered by one of their num­ ber to all students and such friends as they may think proper to invite. The monthly lecturer shall be chosen from the body of the students by a majority vote, or a committee of the students selected for that purpose. The votes shall be counted and the name of the person chosen to deliver the lecture shall be an­ nounced, and a record made in a book to be provided for that purpose, to be the property of the institution. I desire that a record be kept of the names of the president, secretary and speaker—the subject treated, and the general course of remark. A president and secretary shall be chosen from the body of stu­ dents by a majority vote, who shall preside at all meetings for lectures or other purposes, and whose term of service shall ex­ pire every three months, when another president and secretary shall be elected to take their places. I require this frequent change, as I believe it to be a very important part of the education of an American citizen to know how to preside with propriety over a deliberative assembly. It is my desire also, that the students shall have the use of one of the large rooms (to be assigned by the trustees), for the purpose of useful debate. I desire and deem it best to direct that all these lectures and debates shall be exclusive of theological 42

and party questions, and shall have for their constant object the causes that operate around and within us, and the means necessary and most appropriate to remove the physical and moral evils that afflict our city, our country and humanity. I desire that these lectures and debates shall always be de­ livered under a deep and abiding sense of the obligation that rests on all—first, to improve themselves, and then to impart to others a correct knowledge of that believed to be the most important, and within man’s power to communicate. To aid the speakers and those that hear, to profit by these lectures and debates, I hereby direct to have placed in the lec­ ture-room, in a suitable position, full-length likenesses of Wash­ ington, Franklin and Lafayette, with an expression of my sincere and anxious desire that all that behold them may remember that notwithstanding they are dead, they yet speak the language of truth and soberness. Their lives and words of warning cannot be spurned and neg­ lected without a terrible retribution on us and on our children— such a retribution as will cause their spirits to weep in sorrow over the crumbling ruins of all their brightest hopes for the im­ provement and renovation of the world. Under a deep sense of the responsibility that rests on us, as a people, entrusted, as we are, with the greatest blessings that ever fell to the lot of man—-the glorious yet fearful power of framing and carrying on the government of our choice—it becomes us to remember that this government will be good or evil in proportion as the people of our country become virtuous or vicious. We shall do well to cherish the precept that the righteous (or right doers) are recompensed in the earth, and much more the wicked and the sinner. It will be found that there is no possible escape from the correction of our Father who is in Heaven, who “ afflicts us not willingly but of necessity, for our profit; by His immutable law that rewards every man according to his works, whether they be good or whether they be evil.” Desiring, as I do, that the students of this institution may become preeminent examples in the practice of all the virtues, I have determined to give them an opportunity to distinguish themselves for their good judgment by annually recommending to 43 the Trustees, for adoption, such rules and regulations as they, on mature reflection, shall believe to be necessary and proper, to preserve good morals and good order, throughout their connection with this institution. It is my desire, and I hereby ordain, that a strict conformity to rules deliberately formed by a vote of a majority of the stu­ dents, and approved by the Trustees, shall forever be an indis­ pensable requisite for continuing to enjoy the benefits of this institution. I now most earnestly entreat each and every one of the students of this institution, through all coming time, to whom I have entrusted this great responsibility of framing laws for the regulation of their conduct in their connection with the institution, and by which any of the members may lose its privi­ leges, to remember how frail we are, and how liable to err when we come to sit in judgment on the faults of others, and how much the circumstances of our birth, our education, and the so­ ciety and country where we have been born and brought up, have had to do in forming us and making us what we are. The power of these circumstances, when rightly understood, will be found to have formed the great lines of difference that mark the characters of the people of different countries and neighborhoods. And they constitute a good reason for the exercise of all our charity. It is these circumstances that our Creator has given us the power, in some measure, to control. This is the great garden that we are called upon to keep, and to subdue, and have dominion over, in order to find that everything in it is very good, that the right use and improvement of everything is a virtue, and the wrong or excessive use and perversion of everything, a sin. We should always remember that pride and selfishness have ever been the great enemies of mankind. Men, in all ages, have manifested a disposition to cover up their own faults, and to spread out and magnify the faults of others. I trust that the students of this institution will do something to bear back the mighty torrent of evils now pressing on the world. I trust that here they will learn to overcome the evils of life with kindness and affection. I trust that here they will find that all true greatness consists in using all the powers they possess to do unto others as they would that others should do unto them ; 44

and in this way to become really great by becoming the servant of all. These great blessings that have fallen to our lot as a people, are entrusted to our care for ourselves and for our posterity, and for the encouragement of suffering humanity throughout the world. Feeling this great responsibility, I desire, by all that I can say and by all that I can do, to awaken in the minds of the rising generation an undying thirst for knowledgevirtue and, in order that they may be able, by wise and honorable measures, to pre­ serve the liberties we enjoy. Fearing a possibility that my own religious opinions may be called in question, and by some be misunderstood or misrepre­ sented, I feel it to be my duty, in all plainness and simplicity, to state the religious opinions that have taken an irresistible posses­ sion of my mind. A t the same time, I require, by this instru­ ment and expression of my will, that neither my own religious opinions, nor the religious opinions of any sect or whateverparty , shall ever be made a test or requirement, in anymanner or form, of or for admission , to or continuance to enjoy the benefits of this in stitution. With this qualification, I would then impress, as with the last breath of my life, a fact which I believe to be the most exalting that the mind of man is permitted to contemplate, know, or ­un derstand—I mean the ennobling truth that there is one God and Father of all, who is over all and above all—-who is forever blessed in the plenitude and fullness of his own infinite perfec­ tions ; that this God is in very deedour Father that; he has cre­ ated us in his ownimage and in his ownlikeness; that we may become one inspirit , and co-workers with Him in all that is good, great, and glorious, fortime and for eternity. What can be more exalting than for the child to behold an infinite parent causing all the elements and essences of the uni­ verse to become his ministers—to organize, and individualize, and immortalize undying spirits, capable of knowing him through an endless progress in knowledge and wisdom and power over the material universe forever; to feel that our Father in heaven has given tous, as individuals, an immortality and an endless growth, 45

under laws so wise and good as never to require to be altered, amended, or revoked ? The life he has given us in his wisdomis an intelligent life— a life of accountability through our consciences, where every act becomes a part of ourselves, t o live in our recollection forever. I would impress the fact, that our Creator has used the best means possible in our formation or creation, and has given us the world, and all that in it is, withlife and breath, and all things richly to enjoy. He has given all these blessings wrapt up in our capacity for an endless improvement and progress in the knowledge of our Creator, and in the power he has bestowed to receive and communicate happiness to all his intelligent creation. So that when we come really to know and feel that our Godis love—to realize that he is indeed the Infinite of all that is good; when we come to see that he is drawing all the elements and ac­ tivities of the universe into himself, and constantly elaborating them into higher forms of grandeur and beauty, and thus calling every intelligent creaturewonder to , to love, and adore forever. In this God I believe. I believe that he is a Spirit in whom we live, move and have our being; so that, if we ascend into the heavens, he is there, and if we descend into the depths of the earth, behold ! he is there. I believe that he is filling immensity with his presence, comprehending all things within himself, and working all things after the good pleasure of his own w ill; that he is the same yesterday, to-day, and forever, andthat he changeth not. I believe that God is love, and that love worketh no ill. I believe that love must continue to use all its power through all eter­ nity to give ever increasing happiness to all the creatures that he has made. Such a God I trust I shall come to love with all the heart, soul, might, mind, and strength. I believe that God is in so all and through all; that what may be known of him is clearly seen, being understood by that which he has made, even his eternal power and Godhead; and that he is without variableness or shadow of turning. I believe that he will always work by wise and unalterable laws. These laws, as far and as fast as they are comprehended by the faculties that he has given us, will be seen to be perfectly consistent and harmonious, and, like the stars in their orbits, 46

“ Singing forever as they shine— The hand that made us is ”divine W ith these views, I see, as through a glass darkly, all the powers of the universe moving in obedience to immutable laws, guiding them onwards and upwards through all the various de­ velopments in the scale of being to a consciousness of God, and an accountability whereby we may show our love to God by the kindness and love that we manifest to the creatures that he has made. I believe that man, to be an accountable being,must, of necessity, be intelligent and free. He must feel and know that freedom and ability are given him to do what is required, before he can ever acknowledge it just or right that he should suffer for violating laws and requirements which he has neither the power nor the intelligence to understand or obey. Believing, as I do, that all the material creation centres in, and finds its culminating point in the organization, vindiidualization, and immortalization of free intelligent beings—beings formed to rise through instinct into knowledge, and by knowledge into an accountability to an individual, and an undying conscience, and thence up to God—I believe mankind, throughout the world, require a religion founded on the highest idea that the human mind can form of all that is powerful, wise, pure, and good. Such a religion we have in those principles that guided the life of Christ, by which he grew in knowledge and in stature and infavor with God and man, from his youth up, and did always those things that are well pleasing to his Father and our Father; and by doing to others as he would that others should do to him, was enabled to overcome all evil; and although tempted in all points, as we are, yet he lived without sin. It will always be found to be our highest wisdom to follow his lovely example by avoiding all that is wrong, and by doing what good we can in the world, Mankind will always require the great controlling principle of Christianity to be permanently fixed in the intellectual heart as the guide of life. We need a firm and unshakenief bel in the inherent immortality of the soul; we need a solid conviction that God is love—love in action—love universal. Such a belief in such a God will engage and secure our 47

affections, and forever be to us the great reality of life. Our God will not then be to us a vaporish idea ; on the contrary, he will be to us a God filling immensity with his presence and with the glory of his power. Were it possible for us to settle and estab­ lish this truth with unwavering certainty in the minds of men, temptation would be powerless. We should then see and feel that punishment inflicted for our good is as much the evidence of parental kindness as the blessings consequent on obedience to a righteous law. Every day shows me with more clearness that the great garden of the world is spread out before us filled with all the elements and inspirations of God,who “ is all and in a ll” constantly showing us that the same soil that can produce briars and thorns, and vex us in the land wherein we can dwell, be sub­ dued by wisdom, and made to yield and supply our wants with nature’s choicest fruits. How wonderful the wisdom that “ con­ nects in this, our greatest virtue with our greatest bliss,” “ and makes our own bright prospect to be blest, the strongest motive to assist the rest.” Every day shows me that if we are ever saved it must be by overcoming the world ofwrong within withus such powers and faculties as God has given—to be the true light to enlighten every man that cometh into the world. There is no other way whereby we can be savedbut by ceasing to do evil and learning to dowell. To do this we need all the helps that we can find—we need to bear each other’s burdens, and so fulfil the law of love. The life and teachings of Christ, showing God a father and the world of mankind our brethren, must forever stand pre­ eminent over all forms of instruction, either ancient or modern. The loving spirit and principle that Christ manifestedhis in life and in his death, is the spirit that must finally reform the world, in the day when religion shall consist in the right actions and motives of our life, instead of a mere belief in the antiquated opinions of erring men. It was his gentle spirit—the spirit of an all-embracing charity—that went about the world, overcoming the evils of life with continued demonstrations of kindness and affection, that showed all that it is our privilege as well as duty to follow his example and obey his precepts. It was this spirit that was in the world, and the world knew it not. It is still in the world, and it is our unhappiness that we know and feel so 48 little of its influence on our hearts and lives. By following his precepts and example we cannot fail of a happy and useful life, a peaceful death, and a blessed immortality. I trust the time will come when religion will be divorced from superstition, and the light of science will develop the laws and methods of Deity, showing a great and glorious purpose shining through all the wonders of Almighty power, by which knowledge shall cover the earth as the waters cover the great deep, when men shall know and understand the things on which their happiness depends. We shall then comprehend something of the heights and depths, and lengths and breadths of that knowledge and love of God which passes all understanding. I have now placed in your hands the entire charge and proper ty of this institution, and in order to further aid and facilitate the objects and purposes designed to be secured, I hereby author ize the Board of Control to draw on me at their pleasure for the sum of ten thousand dollars as fast as the same can be wisely used to advance the interests of this institution. Please accept my heartfelt assurance of sincere desire that under your care thousands of the youth of our country may throng its halls to learn those lessons of wisdom so much needed to guide the inexperience of youth amidst the dangers to which they are at all times exposed.

(Signed,) Peter Cooper. DEED OF TRUST.

This indenture, made and entered into the twenty-ninth day of April, in the year one thousand eight hundred and fifty-one, by and between Peter Cooper, of the city, county and Stateof New York, and Sarah, his wife, parties hereto of the first part, and “TheCooper Union for the Advancement of ScienceandA rt,” a corporation created by and existing under the laws of the State of New York, party hereunto of the second part, witnesseth that the parties hereto of the first part, for and in consideration of sum of one dollar, lawful money of the United States, to themin hand paid by the said party hereto of the second part, at or before the ensealing and delivery of these presents, the receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, and of other good considerations them thereunto moving, have granted, bargained, sold, aliened,re leased, and forever conveyed and confirmed, and by thesepresents do grant, bargain, sell, alien, remise, release, convey,and confirm unto thesaid party of the second part, and to its successors for ever, all andsingular, the block of ground situate, lying, and be ing in thecity, county and State aforesaid, and bounded northerly by Astor place, easterly by Third avenue, southerly by Seventh street, and westerly by the Fourth avenue, together with the building thereonerected, and all and singular the tenements, here ditaments, and appurtenances thereunto belonging, or in anywise appertaining,and the reversion and reversions, remainder and re mainders, rents, issues, and profit thereof, and also allthe estate, right, title, interest,dower and right of dower, property, posses sion, claim and demand whatsoever, as well in law as in equity, of the said parties of the first part, of, in or to the above-described premises, and every part and parcel thereof, with the appurte nances, tohave and to hold, all and singular the above mentioned and described premises, together with the appurtenances,unto the said party of the second part, and its successors, in trust,never theless, and subject to the following conditions and restrictions to, for, and uponthe following uses, intents and purposes,and to, for, and uponsuch other uses, intents, and purposes are as em braced in anact incorporating the party hereto of thesecond 4 50 part, passed by the Legislature of the State of New York, the thirteenth day of April, in the year 1859, and entitled “ An act to amend the act passed February seventeenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, entitled ' An act to enable Peter Cooper to found a scientific institution in the city of New York; ’ ” and also to amend the act passed March twenty-first, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven, entitled“ An act to amend the act entitled ' An act to enable Peter Cooper to found a scientific institution in the city of New York,’ passed February seventeenth, eighteen hundred and fifty-seven,” or as shall be permitted thereby, and by any acts amendatory thereof; provided only that such other uses, inter­ ests, and purposes shall not contravene, or in any way b e incon­ sistent with or opposed to the following specially enumerated re­ strictions and conditions, uses, intents, and purposes, to, for, and upon which the conveyance is specially made, that is to say: F irst.— That the above-mentioned and described premises, together with the appurtenances, and the rents, issues, income, and profits thereof, shall be forever devoted to the instruction and improvement of the inhabitants of the United States in­ prac tical science and art. Second.— That the management and control of the above- mentioned and described premises, together with the appurte­ nances, and of any other property or money at any time to belong to the party of the second part, and the receipt and expenditure of the rents, issues, income and profits thereof, shall be forever committed, subject to the conditions and restrictions herein con­ t ained, and to such other conditions as are or shall be contained in the aforesaid act of incorporation of the party hereto of the second part, or in any acts amendatory thereof, to a Board of Trustees, which shall consist at the first of the following persons, to w it: Peter Cooper, Edward Cooper, Abram S. Hewitt, Dan­ iel F. Tiemann, Wilson G. Hunt, and John E. Parsons; that upon the death of that one of the aforesaid Trustees who shall first die, the vacancy in the said Board occasioned by his death, shall not be filled; but that forever after, except as herein es­ pecially provided, the said Board of Trustees herein above and in the said act of incorporation provided for, and to whom shall 51 be committed the control and management of the above-mentioned and described premises, with the appurtenances and other property or money, and the receipt and expenditure of the rents, issues, income and profits thereof, shall consist of five male persons ; that the five survivors of the said six Trustees above named shall con­ stitute the first Board of Trustees consisting of five members; that every succeeding vacancy in said Board of Trustees shall be filled by the surviving or remaining Trustees by ballot; that to elect any person Trustee shall require the vote of at least three Trustees for such person; and that the oldest lineal male de­ scendant of Peter Cooper shall be a Trustee ex gratia, unless he be a Trustee by virtue of original appointment herein made, or by election as herein provided. If such oldest lineal male de­ scendant of said Peter Cooper be a Trustee by virtue of original appointment made herein, or by election as such Trustee, as here­ in provided, the number of Trustees constituting said Board of Trustees shall be five ; but if such oldest lineal male descendant of Peter Cooper be not a Trustee by virtue of such original ap­ pointment or subsequent election, then and in such case, and until another vacancy shall occur in the said Board of Trustees by the death or removal of a Trustee other than such oldest lineal male descendant of Peter Cooper, the number of such Trustees shall be six. Third.—The members of such Board of Trustees shall hold their offices as such Trustees for life ; provided only that for cause any such member may be removed by order of the Supreme Court of the State of New York on application of either of the Trustees, or a majority of the council of the “ Associates of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art,” on notice to him of application for such removal; and a Trustee may resign his office, and thereupon he shall cease to be a Trustee upon the election of his successor. Fourth—-The premises above mentioned and described, and the appurtenances, including all future endowments made to the party hereto of the second part, the appropriation of which shall not be specially provided by the parties making the same, and all money and property which shall at any time belong to the party 52 hereto of the second part, and all the rents, income, issues, and profits thereof, shall be devoted to and among the following ob­ jects and purposes : the division and appropriation of such rents, income, issues, and profits to and among such objects and pur­ poses being left discretionary with the Board of Trustees provided for as aforesaid, and it being left discretionary with such Board when and to what extent they shall carry out any of such objects and purposes, save and excepting that the course of instruction on social and political science, hereinafter provided for, shall have the preference over all the other objects of expenditure specified herein, in case there shall not be means adequate for them all, and shall forever stand pre-eminent among them. 1. To regular courses of instruction, at night, free to all who shall attend the same, under the general regulations of the Trus­ tees, on the application of science to the useful occupations of life, on social and political science, meaning thereby not merely the science of political economy, but the science and philosophy of a just and equitable form of government, based upon the great fun­ damental law that nations and men should do unto each other as they would be done by, and on such other branches of knowledge as in the opinion of the Board of Trustees will tend to improve and elevate the working classes in the city of New York. 2. To the support and maintenance of a free reading-room, of galleries of art, and of scientific collections, designed, in the opinion of the Board of Trustees, to improve and instruct those classes of the inhabitants of the city of New York whose occupa­ tions are such as to be calculated, in the opinion of the said Board of Trustees, to deprive them of proper recreation and in­ struction. 3. To provide and maintain a school for the instruction of re­ spectable females in the arts of design, and, in the discretion of the Board of Trustees, to afford to respectable females instruction in such other art or trade as will tend to furnish them suitable em­ ployment. 4. As soon as in the opinion of the Board of Trustees the funds which shall from time to time be at their disposal, will warrant such an expenditure, such funds shall be appropriated 53

to the establishment and maintenance of a thorough polytechnic school; the requirements to admission to which shall be left to the discretion of the said Board of Trustees, and shall be spe­ cifically determined by them from time to time; and which school shall, as far as possible, and as soon as possible, be made equal to the best technological schools now established, or here­ after to be established. Until the funds at the disposal of the Board of Trustees shall be sufficient, in the opinion of the said Board of Trustees, for the establishment of such polytechnic school, the said Board of Trustees may furnish with rooms and accommodation for such school, and may assist in the mainte­ nance thereof, the department of public instruction of the city of New York, the Trustees of any college or university, or any other body, individual or individuals. 5. To provide rooms, in the judgment of the Board of Trus­ tees, suitable for the offices of a society to be organized, as pro­ vided in the act hereinbefore specially referred to, and to be called “ The Associates of the Cooper Union for the Advance­ ment of Science and Art,” and to furnish to such society for its general meetings on one evening of each week, the great hall of the building, if the council of the said society shall require it so often. Fifth.—The above-mentioned and described premises shall be forever subject to the visitation and examination, at all rea­ sonable hours, of the council of the said society so to be organ­ ized, and to be called the “ Associates of the Cooper Union for the Advancement of Science and Art,” the terms and conditions of membership of which shall, from time to time, be prescribed by the Board of Trustees of the party of the second part; which said society shall make all rules and regulations for its own con­ duct and government, subject, however, to the approval of the Board of Trustees of the party hereto of the second part, and shall pay to the said Board of Trustees for the general uses, in­ tents, and purposes of the corporation hereby created, hereby and in the said act, and any acts amendatory thereof, provided or to be provided, all fees received on the initiation into said society of the members thereof; and the said Board of Trustees 54 shall consider such suggestions of the council of the said society as shall, from time to time, be communicated to them, and shall adopt such of them as in their judgment may be practicable and expedient, and calculated to increase the usefulness of the institution herein contemplated. Sixth.—Upon the happening of any vacancy in the Board of Trustees above provided for, which is above provided to be filled by election, unless such vacancy shall be filled as herein provided within one year of the time when such vacancy shall occur, the same may be filled at any time before it shall be actually filled by the Board of Trustees, by the said Council of the said “ The Associates of the Cooper Union for the Ad­ vancement of Science and Art,” by election, in such manner as may be provided by the by-laws of the said society. Seventh.—Whenever a vacancy shall occur in the said Board of Trustees, to be filled by them by election as above provided, such election shall be held at a meeting of the said Board of Trustees, on and only on previous notice given at, and entered in the minutes of at least one preceding regular meeting of such Board, stating the meeting at which such election shall be held; and at such meeting, or at any regularly adjourned meet­ ing from that meeting, such election shall be held by ballot, and the person first having three of the votes cast, shall be the trustee to fill such vacancy, provided that if such person so elected shall decline to act as such trustee, by so declining, the vacancy filled by his election shall be deemed to be again created. Eighth.—Neglect by a trustee of his duties as such, indicated by his absence, without excuse or permission of the Board of Trustees, from three successive regular meetings of the Board, shall always be a sufficient cause, among others, for the removal of a trustee. Ninth.—In the event of the partial destruction of the build­ ing now erected upon the above-mentioned and described prem­ ises, the injury thereby occasioned shall be repaired by the Board of Trustees. In the event of the entire destruction of said building, the Board of Trustees shall, unless as next hereinafter provided, re-erect a building suitable for the objects and purposes 55 herein above enumerated, with any funds at their disposal, when­ ever such funds shall be sufficient, in their opinion, for that pur­ pose ; and until the funds at their disposal shall be sufficient for that purpose, such funds shall be securely invested in the name of the party hereto of the second part, and the above-mentioned and described premises may be used or disposed of by the Board of Trustees for any temporary purpose calculated to yield the largest income. Tenth.—In the event of the entire destruction of the building erected on the above-mentioned and described premises, the Board of Trustees may, at their option, with the consent of the Supreme Court, sell and convey, and they are hereby empowered to sell and convey the said premises, with such consent, and with the proceeds of such sale and conveyance, and any other funds at their disposal, the said party hereto of the second part shall purchase such other premises as shall in their judgment be suitable , and shall thereon erect a building suitable for the objects and purposes herein before enumerated, and to such premises all the restrictions, provisions, and conditions thereof shall apply with like effect as if said premises were the premises herein granted and conveyed, as aforesaid. Eleventh.—The party hereto of the second part is hereby expressly forbidden ever to mortgage the above-mentioned and described premises, or any part thereof. Twelfth.—The Board of Trustees shall not contract any pecuniary obligations for any current year, save such as the revenues, rents, and income of such year to be at their disposal, with five thousand dollars, or such smaller sum as will be the difference between five thousand dollars and the amount of any existing indebtedness at the commencement of such year, if there be such existing indebtedness, added thereto, will suffice to pay ; it being the express intention of this provision that the said party of the second part shall never be in debt more than five thousand dollars, excepting only indebtedness incurred for any year in anticipation of the revenues, rent, and income of such year; and for any debt incurred beyond the above restric­ tion and limitation, the said corporation shall not be liable, but 56 the Trustees shall be personally liable; provided, that no trustee shall ever be responsible for or upon any debt, against incur­ ring which he shall have voted when the Board of Trustees shall have determined to incur the same, or against incurring which he shall have made to the Board of Trustees and filed with them, a written remonstrance to incurring such debt, at any time before the contract is made, by which the same is to be incurred. Thirteenth.— Every trustee of the party of the second part shall be at all times at liberty, in his discretion, freely to pub­ lish any matter within his knowledge relating to the institution herein contemplated, or to its management in any respect, in­ cluding any discussions in the Board of Trustees, and shall fully disclose the same whenever required either by the Supreme Court, or by either branch of the Legislature. Full minutes shall be kept by the said Board of all their proceedings, and the ayes and noes shall be recorded on any vote on the request of any member. Neither the said Board of Trustees, nor any member thereof, shall in any way take into account any sreligiou tenet or opinion of any professor or teacher, or of any candidate for any office in said institution, on any appointment to or remo­ val from such office, nor of any student applying for admission into said institution, or competing for any of its honors or advan­ tages ; nor shall they permit any professor or teacher in said in­ stitution to make any discrimination among its students on ac­ count of their religious tenets or opinions. And the Board of Trustees, and each member thereof, shall at all times furnish any information in respect to their funds, revenues, and proceedings, which the Legislature may require. Inwitness whereof, the said parties hereto of the first part have hereunto set their hands and seals the day and year first above written, P e t e r C o o p e r , [ L.S.] Sarah Cooper, [L. S.]In presence of E d w a r d C o o pe r ,

S a r a h A . H e w it t . Recorded in the office of the Register of the City and County of New York, in Liber 787 of Conveyance, page 58, May 25th, 1859, at 11 o’clock, A. M. Examined by W m . M in e r, R egister.