2020 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT Central Georgia Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Houston, Jones, Monroe, Peach & Twiggs Counties

2020 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT Central Georgia Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Houston, Jones, Monroe, Peach & Twiggs Counties Sponsored by The Medical Center, Navicent Health © December 2020 Prepared2020-0705-02 by PRC www.PRCCustomResearch.com TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 5 PROJECT OVERVIEW 6 Project Goals 6 Methodology 6 IRS FORM 990, SCHEDULE H COMPLIANCE 14 SUMMARY OF FINDINGS 15 Significant Health Needs of the Community 15 Summary Tables: Comparisons With Benchmark Data 19 Summary of Key Informant Perceptions 36 COMMUNITY DESCRIPTION 37 POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 38 Total Population 38 Urban/Rural Population 40 Age 41 Race & Ethnicity 43 Linguistic Isolation 44 SOCIAL DETERMINANTS OF HEALTH 46 Poverty 46 Education 48 Financial Resilience 49 Housing 51 Food Access 53 Attendance at Spiritual/Religious Meetings 55 HEALTH STATUS 57 OVERALL HEALTH STATUS 58 MENTAL HEALTH 60 Mental Health Status 60 Depression 61 Stress 63 Suicide 64 Mental Health Treatment 66 Key Informant Input: Mental Health 68 DEATH, DISEASE & CHRONIC CONDITIONS 70 LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH 71 Distribution of Deaths by Cause 71 Age-Adjusted Death Rates for Selected Causes 71 CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 73 Age-Adjusted Heart Disease & Stroke Deaths 73 Prevalence of Heart Disease & Stroke 76 Cardiovascular Risk Factors 77 Key Informant Input: Heart Disease & Stroke 81 CANCER 83 Age-Adjusted Cancer Deaths 83 Cancer Incidence 85 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT 2 Prevalence of Cancer 86 Cancer Screenings 88 Key Informant Input: Cancer 90 RESPIRATORY DISEASE 91 Age-Adjusted Respiratory Disease Deaths 91 Prevalence of Respiratory Disease 94 Key Informant Input: Respiratory Disease 96 Key Informant Input: Coronavirus Disease/COVID-19 97 INJURY & VIOLENCE 99 Unintentional Injury 99 Intentional Injury (Violence) 102 Key Informant Input: Injury & Violence 106 DIABETES 108 Age-Adjusted Diabetes Deaths 108 Prevalence of Diabetes 109 Key Informant Input: Diabetes 111 KIDNEY DISEASE 113 Age-Adjusted Kidney Disease Deaths 113 Prevalence of Kidney Disease 114 Key Informant Input: Kidney Disease 116 SEPTICEMIA 117 Age-Adjusted Septicemia Deaths 117 POTENTIALLY DISABLING CONDITIONS 119 Multiple Chronic Conditions 119 Activity Limitations 120 Chronic Pain 122 Alzheimer’s Disease 124 Caregiving 127 BIRTHS 128 BIRTH OUTCOMES & RISKS 129 Low-Weight Births 129 Infant Mortality 130 FAMILY PLANNING 132 Births to Adolescent Mothers 132 Key Informant Input: Infant Health & Family Planning 133 MODIFIABLE HEALTH RISKS 134 NUTRITION 135 Daily Recommendation of Fruits/Vegetables 135 Difficulty Accessing Fresh Produce 136 PHYSICAL ACTIVITY 138 Leisure-Time Physical Activity 138 Activity Levels 139 Access to Physical Activity 141 WEIGHT STATUS 142 Adult Weight Status 142 Children’s Weight Status 145 Key Informant Input: Nutrition, Physical Activity & Weight 146 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT 3 SUBSTANCE ABUSE 149 Age-Adjusted Cirrhosis/Liver Disease Deaths 149 Alcohol Use 151 Age-Adjusted Unintentional Drug-Related Deaths 152 Illicit Drug Use 153 Use of Prescription Opioids 154 Alcohol & Drug Treatment 155 Personal Impact From Substance Abuse 156 Key Informant Input: Substance Abuse 157 TOBACCO USE 160 Cigarette Smoking 160 Other Tobacco Use 163 Key Informant Input: Tobacco Use 165 SEXUAL HEALTH 166 HIV 166 Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) 168 Key Informant Input: Sexual Health 169 ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE 170 HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE 171 Type of Health Care Coverage 171 Lack of Health Insurance Coverage 171 DIFFICULTIES ACCESSING HEALTH CARE 173 Difficulties Accessing Services 173 Barriers to Health Care Access 174 Accessing Health Care for Children 175 Key Informant Input: Access to Health Care Services 176 PRIMARY CARE SERVICES 178 Access to Primary Care 178 Specific Source of Ongoing Care 179 Utilization of Primary Care Services 179 EMERGENCY ROOM UTILIZATION 182 ORAL HEALTH 183 Dental Insurance 183 Dental Care 184 Key Informant Input: Oral Health 185 VISION CARE 187 LOCAL RESOURCES 188 PERCEPTIONS OF LOCAL HEALTH CARE SERVICES 189 HEALTH CARE RESOURCES & FACILITIES 191 Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) 191 Resources Available to Address the Significant Health Needs 192 APPENDIX: EVALUATION OF PAST ACTIVITIES 196 IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY 197 COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT 4 INTRODUCTION PROJECT OVERVIEW Project Goals This Community Health Needs Assessment, a follow-up to similar studies conducted in 2012, 2015, and 2018 is a systematic, data-driven approach to determining the health status, behaviors, and needs of residents in the service area of The Medical Center, Navicent Health. Subsequently, this information may be used to inform decisions and guide efforts to improve community health and wellness. A Community Health Needs Assessment provides information so that communities may identify issues of greatest concern and decide to commit resources to those areas, thereby making the greatest possible impact on community health status. This Community Health Needs Assessment will serve as a tool toward reaching three basic goals: ▪ To improve residents’ health status, increase their life spans, and elevate their overall quality of life. A healthy community is not only one where its residents suffer little from physical and mental illness, but also one where its residents enjoy a high quality of life. ▪ To reduce the health disparities among residents. By gathering demographic information along with health status and behavior data, it will be possible to identify population segments that are most at- risk for various diseases and injuries. Intervention plans aimed at targeting these individuals may then be developed to combat some of the socio-economic factors that historically have had a negative impact on residents’ health. ▪ To increase accessibility to preventive services for all community residents. More accessible preventive services will prove beneficial in accomplishing the first goal (improving health status, increasing life spans, and elevating the quality of life), as well as lowering the costs associated with caring for late-stage diseases resulting from a lack of preventive care. This assessment was conducted on behalf of Navicent Health by PRC, a nationally recognized health care consulting firm with extensive experience conducting Community Health Needs Assessments in hundreds of communities across the United States since 1994. Methodology This assessment incorporates data from multiple sources, including primary research (through the PRC Community Health Survey and PRC Online Key Informant Survey), as well as secondary research (vital statistics and other existing health-related data). It also allows for trending and comparison to benchmark data at the state and national levels. PRC Community Health Survey Survey Instrument The survey instrument used for this study is based largely on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), as well as various other public health surveys and customized questions addressing gaps in indicator data relative to health promotion and disease prevention objectives and other recognized health issues. The final survey instrument was developed by Navicent Health and PRC and is similar to the previous surveys used in the region, allowing for data trending. COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT 6 Community Defined for This Assessment The study area for the survey effort (referred to as the “Total Area” in this report) is defined as each of the residential ZIP Codes predominantly associated with Baldwin, Bibb, Crawford, Houston, Jones, Monroe, Peach, or Twiggs counties in central Georgia. In the reporting, Crawford, Jones, Monroe, and Twiggs county findings are grouped into a single combined area, referred to as “Other Counties.” This community definition, determined based on the ZIP Codes of residence of recent patients of The Medical Center, Navicent Health, is illustrated in the following map. Sample Approach & Design A precise and carefully executed methodology is critical in asserting the validity of the results gathered in the PRC Community Health Survey. Thus, to ensure the best representation of the population surveyed a mixed-mode methodology was implemented. This included surveys conducted via telephone (landline and cell phone), as well as through online questionnaires. The sample design used for this effort consisted of a stratified random sample of 1,200 individuals age 18 and older in the Total Area, including 300 each in Bibb and Houston counties, 200 each in Peach and Baldwin counties, and 200 in the combined Other Counties area. Once the interviews were completed, these were weighted in proportion to the actual population distribution so as to appropriately represent the Total Area as a whole. All administration of the surveys, data collection, and data analysis was conducted by PRC. For statistical purposes, the maximum rate of error associated with a sample size of 1,200 respondents is ±2.8% at the 95 percent confidence level. COMMUNITY HEALTH NEEDS ASSESSMENT 7 Expected Error Ranges for a Sample of 1,200 Respondents at the 95 Percent Level of Confidence ±3.0 ±2.5 ±2.0 ±1.5 ±1.0 ±0.5 ±0.0 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Note: The "response rate" (the percentage of a population giving a particular response) determines the error rate associated with that response. A "95 percent level of confidence" indicates that responses would fall within the expected error range on 95 out of 100 trials. Examples: If 10% of the sample of 1,200 respondents

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