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A Study Guide by Paulette Gittins © ATOM 2013 A STUDY GUIDE BY PAULETTE GITTINS http://www.metromagazine.com.au ISBN 978-1-74295-394-6 http://www.theeducationshop.com.au INTRODUCTION I’m trying my hardest to be accepted as an Australian; I can’t do anything about this black hair, this colour skin. It’s the way I was born … I used to cop it every day … (George Basha, Lebanese Australian.) I’m looked upon as a terrorist or a rapist, you know what I mean? (Lebanese-Australian youth). What do you know about the Lebanese community in Australia? Why did they choose to immigrate to this country? And when? And what was the re- sponse to their arrival in our multicultural society? DIRECTOR: And by the way, just what is ‘multiculturalism’? Malcolm Mcdonald under intense pressure and scrutiny. These questions – and more – are answered in EXECUTIVE SBS and Screen Australia’s Once Upon a Time in Throughout all four episodes, we are going to be PRODUCER: Punchbowl, a four-part documentary series about guided by three knowledgeable authorities on the Sue Clothier the hitherto untold story of what it’s like to be Lebanese-Australian experience: SERIES PRO- Lebanese and call Australia home – told for the first DUCER: Marion time by those who were there. Their story begins • Joseph (‘Joe’) Wakim, a Christian Lebanese Milne when large numbers of Lebanese migrants flooded spokesman and founder of the Australian into Australia in the 1970s; many were Muslim, Arabic Council, who speaks of the fractures in A 4x1 hour most were traumatised by civil war and all were ‘the multicultural story’ as a result of resent- National Documen- desperate to build a better future. Over the com- ment towards this community; tary Program ing decades, these new Australians struggled to • Professor Andrew Jakubowicz, key historian establish a life in their adopted country. and consultant, who speaks of the ‘culture shock’ experienced by the Lebanese who Following the success of SBS Australia’s Once arrived in Australia in the 1970s to confront a Upon a Time in Cabramatta, which told the story social world ‘more different to them than to any of how the Vietnamese found their place in mul- community that had arrived during the previous ticultural Australia, this National Documentary twenty-five years or so.’ Program Series, scheduled to be broadcast in late • Dr Jamal Rifi, a prominent member of the November, 2013, does the same for the Lebanese Lebanese-Australian community, whose efforts community. to build bridges between the Muslim and non- Muslim communities have been recognised 2013 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION A series of interwoven family stories are presented with a Human Rights Medal. to us from the Lebanese community of Punchbowl (For fuller information about our three commen- in south-west Sydney, a suburb that became one tators, please see ‘Biographies’ in this study of Australia’s most controversial Middle Eastern guide.) communities. Community leaders, police, families, criminals and ordinary individuals combine in a Recently, Federal ALP politician Bill Shorten true insiders’ account to tell the compelling and described Australia as ‘the land of the second dramatic story of a proud and resilient community chance’. And don’t we Australians always pride 2 ourselves on our tolerance and inclusiveness and This study guide to ‘a fair go’? So how much of a ‘chance’ were the Once Upon a Time Lebanese migrants given, arriving as they did in the in Punchbowl aims middle of the Pauline Hanson / One Nation politi- to: cal controversy, the Gulf War, September 11 and worldwide antagonism towards Islam? • complement and explain the history of Australia’s Lebanese community; Sadly, fuelled by mistrust, fear and xenophobia, our • provide further information on how the commu- newest migrants – vulnerable, insecure, escaping nity’s troubles have often come from external a war zone and hence often lacking in education pressures and injustices rather than faults of due to missed school – would provoke hatred, their own; humiliation, racism and a consequent clash of • Assess these personal archives, thus providing cultures. The traditional Lebanese family units were more data for an alternative view to historical fragmenting under the strain of coming to terms media; with a vastly different ‘Anglo’ environment; ‘ethnic’ • Examine this migrant experience in the context crimes by ‘persons of Middle Eastern appearance’ of Australia’s cultural and social history, and led to the stereotyping of young Lebanese men. how their arrival has helped shape this; Tensions built, courtesy of social alienation and the • Examine themes of identity, multiculturalism ‘shock-jock’ talkback radio media, culminating and and racism – themes that are at the forefront of erupting in the infamous Cronulla Riots. national debate today; • Link this series to appropriate areas of the In the late 1990s, among postwar bungalows national and state curricula; and brick-veneer houses, notorious Middle • Provide activities and tasks to utilise this series Eastern drug dealers turned parts of the suburb effectively. of Punchbowl into a virtual no-go zone for police and there were dozens of drive-bys, drug busts Once Upon a Time in Punchbowl will be another and street brawls. And it’s not all in the past – as cross-platform initiative from SBS. In addition to recently as late 2012 there were two deadly the television broadcast, a range of resources and shootings. material will be available on the Once Upon a Time 2013 © ATOM SCREEN EDUCATION in Punchbowl website, including an exclusive on- Over time, the Lebanese community has line documentary about the Cronulla Riots. There gradually rebuilt its image and gained will be discussion across a range of SBS radio acceptance; however, integration and language programs and SBS will also deliver an assimilation are goals that inevitably outreach program to promote engagement with the are slowed due to continuing world- community. wide antagonism towards Muslims. 3 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 1. Where is Punchbowl? Maronite Catholic – majority, as well to, and continue to contribute to, as a large Muslim minority of both Australian society, go to <http:// To locate Punchbowl, New South the Shia and Sunni branches of www.arabicpages.com.au/arti- Wales, go to <https://maps.google. Islam, and various other Christian cle/guide/lebanese-community/ com.au>. and Muslim denominations, as well page/4> and <http://majellagt.com/ as other religions. about-majella-global-technology/ Punchbowl, a suburb of NSW, is leadership-team/professor-frank- contained within the local govern- Lebanon has been a source of mi- monsour-am-rfd.html>. ment areas of the City of Bankstown grants to Australia for over two cen- and the City of Canterbury and is turies. Some 181,751 Australians 4. How long has the located seventeen kilometres south- claim Lebanese ancestry, either Lebanese-Australian popula- west of the Sydney central business alone or in combination with another tion lived here? district, and is part of the South- ancestry. The 2006 census recorded western Sydney region. Punchbowl 86,599 Lebanese-born people in Australia’s Lebanese population is named for a circular valley, called Australia, with 72.8 per cent of all is one of the older established ‘the punch bowl’, which is actu- people with Lebanese ancestry liv- non-Anglophonic minorities in the ally located in the nearby suburb ing in Sydney, where they make up country. Although it is consider- of Belfield. For further information, 2.3 per cent of Sydney’s population. ably smaller in numbers to Greek go to <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Australians, Italian Australians, or Punchbowl,_New_South_Wales>. In New South Wales, the Western German Australians, they are none- Sydney suburbs of Bankstown, theless of a similar vintage. 2. Who lives there? Lakemba, Auburn, Granville and Punchbowl are largely associated In the 1890s, there were increasing The first inhabitants of the area with the Lebanese population, as in numbers of Lebanese immigrants to were Aboriginal tribes. Over the Victoria are the northern Melbourne Australia, part of the mass emigra- two centuries of European settle- suburbs of Broadmeadows and tion from the area of the Lebanon ment of Australia, Punchbowl, like Coburg, Brunswick, Fawkner and that would become the modern many suburbs, has had a shifting Altona. Lebanese state. Sydney has always population. The first Europeans been the most important centre of in the area were British and Irish Some notable Lebanese Lebanese settlement in Australia; settlers in the nineteenth century. Australians: by the 1880s, Lebanese had settled By the mid-twentieth century, the in and around the inner Sydney suburb had absorbed many mi- • Former Victorian Premier Steve suburbs of Redfern, Surry Hills and grants of Italian and Greek origin. Bracks, Waterloo. By the mid-twentieth From the mid-1970s, Punchbowl • Major General Peter Francis century, structural changes in the became a very popular location with Haddad of the Royal Australian Australian economy resulted in the migrants from Lebanon. During the Army Ordnance Corps (RAAOC). loss of semiskilled and unskilled 1990s, immigrants from the former • New South Wales Governor jobs; the influx of Lebanese to Yugoslavia – from countries such Professor Marie Bashir – the first Sydney after 1976 and prejudice as Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia person of Lebanese background against the employment of ‘Arabs’ and Serbia – settled in the area. to be appointed New South meant that the Lebanese have Notable residents include comedi- Wales Governor – the high- experienced persistently high levels ans Vince Sorrenti and Akmal Saleh est executive position in the of unemployment. Although some and TV host ‘Baby’ John Burgess. state. Prof. Bashir is the first- Lebanese families have become In popular culture, Punchbowl has ever female New South Wales very wealthy, Lebanese in Sydney featured in several Australian books, Governor. are disproportionately concentrated films and TV drama series.
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