2017 International Conference on Computer Science and Application Engineering (CSAE 2017) ISBN: 978-1-60595-505-6
Design and Realization of Indoor Fire Fighting Robot based on Arduino
Yingjie Li*, Zhimin Zhu and Fangqin Xu Computer Science and Technology, Shanghai Jian Qiao University, 201306 Shanghai, China
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of this paper is to provide a solution for indoor fire extinguisher which is not appeared on the market, it is based on Arduino Mega2560 control board. It can be obstructed in the room, and extinguish small fire timely, which can prevent the small fire from a large fire. This paper describes the hardware structure design and software structure design of the robot, and the robot can totally accomplish the functions of fire seeking, fire fighting and obstacle avoiding.
INTRODUCTION
In recent years firefighters' sacrifices have continued unabated. In 2016, about 312,000 fires were reported in China, with 1,582 deaths and 1,065 injuries, create serious property damage. As shown in Figure 1, casualties in the residential fire are the most, while factories, warehouses and other places have a large loss.
Figure 1. Distribution of fire places.
In terms of the direct reason about causing the fire, the deregulation of the electrical installation and use regulations caused 30.4% of the total fire, smoke caused 5.2%. However, when it found and the firefighters arrived, it often leads to a disaster. Cigarette caused the fire sometimes big sometimes small, those who found the small fire often put out it in time, but most of them don’t have sharp awareness. Only fire fighters can be deployed to put out the fire, which waste time and human
373 resources. With the development of robots, a variety of fire engines are also emerging. In China, some provinces and cities already have special fire fighting robots including land rover 60 snow bubble robot, JMX - LT50 fire fighting robot, etc. They are controlled by firefighters, and really has the function that can reduce the risk of fire fighters. But both of them are used outdoor. Its volume is so big, can't satisfy the function of indoor obstacle avoidance [1]. A fire fighting robot from USA named as Thermite 3.0, can freely in and out of the door that width is 90 cm, carrying 1200 gallons of water or foam, but it needs to be control, through the camera back to the image to control the robot, and can't be independent patrol and automatic fire extinguishing. Most of the other robot company focusing on robot, such as Boston dynamics research and development of "Big Dog" [8], "Atlas" [9], such as robot, is still in the stage of computer control, from the computer sends commands to the robot. Regardless of domestic and foreign, there have emerged many excellent fire fighting robots, but they all have limitations. They can play a significant role in their own areas of expertise, but when a small cigarette caused the fire, cannot achieve the rapid reaction, rapid extinguishing demand. Therefore one can replace people to patrol in the community, streets, warehouses and other places, to stamp out the cigarette is not or take a rapid fire extinguishing measure to the triggered fire, is very necessary. The robot is designed to be able to extinguish small fires when it appears, which can quickly find a fire, track the direction of the fire, and put out the fire to prevent a larger loss. Especially in the warehouse and other factories, can patrol in it, instantly extinguish the small fire, and to minimize the loss.
DEVELOPMENT PROCESS Hardware Design BODY PRODUCTION
The use of AutoCAD software for car body drawing, as shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3.
Figure 2. Car panel CAD drawing.
374 The top polygon is set with a water gun, and the bottom circle is used for storing water.
Figure 3. Wheel axle CAD drawings.
90° side is fixed on the body, on the other side of the two ends can be fixed motor, small round part for suspension device.
Hardware and Sensors
Arduino MEGA2560 - For robots, they need more pins to receive the data from sensors, so I choose “MEAG2560” panel, which has 54 pins to satisfy the requirement of data reception, and it is also the highest eight Arduino controller in the configuration. However, its volume is not small. By using tracked vehicles as a carrier, the volume will not have a great impact on the robot [3]. Flame sensor –It can detect infrared light in the range of 700 nm ~ 1100 nm, and the detection Angle is 60°, and the wavelength of infrared light in the vicinity of 880 nanometer, its sensitivity reaches maximum. The infrared flame probe converts the strong and weak changes of the external infrared light into the current, which is reflected in the variation of the values of the range of 0 ~ 255 through A/D converter. The stronger the external infrared light, the smaller the value; The weaker the infrared light, the larger the value. Infrared temperature sensor - The size and wavelength of the infrared radiation energy of the object are closely related to its surface temperature. Therefore, by measuring the infrared radiation of the object, the surface temperature can be determined accurately, and infrared temperature measurement is the use of this principle to measure the temperature. Infrared thermometer consists of optical systems, photodetectors, signal amplifiers, signal processing and output components. The optical system gathers the target infrared radiation energy in the field, and the size of the field is determined by the optical parts of the thermograph and its location. The infrared energy focuses on the photodetector and turns into the corresponding electrical signal. This signal is processed by the amplifier and signal processing circuit, and the temperature value of the target is converted to the target after calibration according to the algorithm and target emission rate. L298N motor drive board - L298N is a dedicated drive integrated circuit, which belongs to the H bridge integrated circuit. The difference with L293D is that its output current increases and the power is enhanced. Its output current is 2A, the
375 highest current is 4A, the highest working voltage is 50V. It can drive the inductive load, such as high power dc motor, step motor, solenoid valve, etc., especially its input can be associated with single-chip microcomputer directly, thus easily controlled by single chip microcomputer. When the dc motor is driven, the step motor can be controlled directly, and the motor’s turning and reversing can be achieved by changing the logic level of the input. Power - Lithium polymer battery is one of the fastest and most powerful lithium batteries in recent years. It is characterized by large current discharge, light weight and other advantages, so it is very suitable for the model. And the domestic brands of lithium batteries and so on, too cheap may use the inferior electrical core, so choose a ring of lithium batteries, 4000ma capacity, 7.4V output voltage. It can provide long time power for robot [4]. Electric water gun – It has a dash motor inside. Because of “MEGA2560” pin’s low currency, it cannot drive the dash motor. It can be fixed by using a transistor that can increase its pin’s currency.
System Architecture Diagram
Figure 4. System architecture diagram.
The whole system is divided into five parts, the environment detection part, obstacle avoidance part, power supply part, control part and fire extinguishing part [2]. Aero-mode batteries provide electricity for the entire system. Fire sensors and infrared temperature sensors constitute the environmental detection part. Ultrasonic sensor is used to realize the obstacle avoidance function. Because of the shortage of the pin, the water gun is powered by the current of the transistor.
Software Design DEVELOPMENT PLATFORM
The development platform is Arduino IDE, and Arduino IDE is based on processing IDE. For beginners, it is easy to master and flexible enough. The Arduino language is based on the wiring language, which is a second encapsulation of the avr-gcc library, and don’t require a lot of single-chip microcomputer basics or programming basics. You can develop quickly after simple learning.
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Figure 5. Arduino IDE 1.8.1.
SYSTEM FLOW CHART
System flow chart shown in Figure 6, the robot reads the data from the flame sensor, entering the obstacle avoidance mode when there is no flame around. When it surrounded by flames, it will start the distance judgment, turn to the flame and move close to it, when the temperature above 40℃, the electric water gun works until the fire has been put off. After that it will continue the function of obstacle avoidance [7].
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Figure 6. System Flow Chart.
SOFTWARE PROGRAMMING
Ultrasonic obstruction: How the ultrasonic sensor works: Figure 7 (1) Using I/O to trigger ranging, the high level signal for at least 10us; (2) The module automatically sends eight 40KHz square waves automatically to detect whether the signal is returned; (3) There is a signal to return, with the I/O output one high level, the high level of the continuous time is the time of the ultrasound from the launch to the return [5]. Test distance = (high level time * sound speed (340m/s)) / 2.
Figure 7. Ultrasonic sensor working principle diagram.
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Figure 8. Read the distance measured by the ultrasonic wave.
Figure 9. Measure distance and avoidance.
Infrared temperature measurement part: This part is the GY-906 infrared temperature sensor measured the infrared radiation value of the object and transmitted the data to the Arduino control board through the IIC serial communication protocol.
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Figure 10. Infrared temperature measurement. Infrared fire detection part: The suspicious flame position is determined by the infrared wavelength of 700nm - 1100nm, which is recognized by a flame sensor.
Figure 11. Search Fire.
Motor drive section: Drive plate via L298N [6] and code in Figure 12.
Figure 12. Motor driven.
380 Logical part:
Figure 13. Logical part.
Fire extinguishing part:
Figure 14. Fire extinguish.
Outline Drawing
Figure 15. Robot appearance.
Figure 15 is the overall appearance of the robot, which use the crawlers to move and is more adaptable to the terrain. Infrared temperature sensor is installed on the right side of the water gun. Above the water gun was a flame sensor, steering gear, and an ultrasonic sensor mounted on the steering gear. A flame sensor is installed on the left and right sides of the robot. This design makes it can detect fire source in the range of 360°.
381 CONCLUSIONS
An unmanned fire fighting robot for indoor fire control is realized in this paper. It can extinguish when the fire just happened. Thermal sensor was used in the early stage of development, but the temperature was not sensitive when the distance was over 30cm, so the flame sensor was replaced it. This flame sensor has five outputs, which can sense the flame in a range of 120°, and the detection distance is about 2m. Then, considered of the angle, the robot used the three flame sensors, so when in the patrol route, it can be 360° comprehensive induction on the flame. When the distance is close, by judging the value of the flame sensor and the determination of the infrared temperature sensor, the water gun can be controlled to extinguish the flames. This work has basically realized the function of fire fighting and obstacle avoidance, and if you want to make the flame more accurate, you can add smoke sensors.
REFERENCES
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