DOCUMENT RESUME ED 382 463 SE 056 159 TITLE Women and K

DOCUMENT RESUME ED 382 463 SE 056 159 TITLE Women and K-12 Science and Mathematics Education. Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology. U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, Second Session. INSTITUTION Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Committee on Science, Space and Technology. REPORT NO ISBN-0-16-046674-1 PUB DATE 20 Jun 94 NOTE 352p.; Photos may not reproduce well. AVAILABLE FROMU.S. Government Printing Office, Superintendent of Documents, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402. PUB TYPE Legal/Legislative/Regulatory Materials (090) Reference Materials Directories/Catalogs (132) EDRS PRICE MFO1 /PC15 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Achievement; *Educational Improvement; Elementary Secondary Education; *Females; Hearings; *Mathematics Education; *Science Education; *Sex Bias; Sex Differences; *Social Bias IDENTIFIERS Congress 103rd; *hathematics Education Research ABSTRACT This hearing is the second in a series of hearings to be held by this subcommittee on the subject of "Women in Science and in Technology." The focus is on the issues of gender bias in precollege science and mathematics education. The first panel of witnesses will present the most recent data on the achievement, participation, and treatment of girls in math and science classes at the elementary and secondary school levels, and then use this data as a basis to suggest ways to improve our educational system. Witnesses include: Susan McGee Bailey, Center for Research on Women at Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts; Jane Butler Kahle, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. The second panel of witnesses will focus on strategies and programs to increase gender equity, including both programs to provide increased math and science exposure directly to female students and strategies to provide training to teachers, parents, and guidance counselors. Witnesses on this panel include: Shirley Malcom, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, D.C.; Richard E. Stephens, Office of University and Science Education Program, U.S. Department of Energy, Washington, D.C.; Jane Stutsman, Directorate of Education and Human Resources, National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.; Stacy Kass, Careers and Life Planning, Girls, Inc., New York, New York; and Rebecca Failor, Math/Science Network, Oakland, California. An appendix contains E. U.S. Department of Energy education programs catalog, 1994. Brief descriptions of each facility, its programs, and contact information are included. (MKR) *********************************************************** ***** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** WOMEN AND K-12 SCIENCE AND TH TICS EDUCATION HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY OF THE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED THIRD CONGRESS SECOND SESSION JL;NE 20, 1994 [No. 1.60] Printed for the use of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology U.S. DEPARTMENT Of EDUCATION Offic of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document has bean reproduced IS Weaved Prom the person or orpaeszation Oripaling 11 13 'Amor changes have been made to rmPrOve reproduction quality Points 01 new or optntons staled in thssdocu went do not necessarily represent otho,at OERI postnon or polity U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 16-175 CC WASHINGTON : 1904 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office Superintendent ofDocuments, Congressional Sales Office, Washington, DC 20402 ISBN0-18.046674-1 BEST COPY AVAILABLE COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY GEORGE E. BROWN, JR., California, Chairman MARILYN LLOYD, Tennessee ROBERT S. WALKER, Pennsylvania DAN GLICKMAN, Kansas F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JP., HAROLD L. VOLKMER, Missouri Wisconsin RALPH M. HALL, Texas SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York DAVE McCURDY, Oklahoma TOM LEWIS, Florida TIM VALENTINE, North Carolina HARRIS W. FAWELL, Illinois ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey CONSTANCE A. MORELLA, Maryland. RICK BOUCHER, Virginia DANA ROHRABACHER, California JAMES A. TRAFICANT, JR., Ohio STEVEN H. SCHIFF, New Mexico JAMES A. HAYES, Louisiana JOE BARTON, Texas JOHN S. TANNER, Tennessee DICK ZIMMER, New Jersey PETE GEREN, Texas SAM JOHNSON, Texas JIM BACCHUS, Florida KEN CALVERT, California TIM ROEMER, Indiana MARTIN R. HOKE, Ohio ROBERT E. (BUD) CRAMER, Jr., Alabama NICK SMITH, Michigan DICK SWETT, New Hampshire EDWARD R. ROYCE, California JAMES A. BARCIA, Michigan ROD GRAMS, Minnesota HERBERT C. KLEIN, New Jersey JOHN LINDER, Georgia ERIC FINGERHUT, Ohio PETER BLUTE, Massachusetts PAUL McHALE, Pennsylvania JENNIFER DUNN, Washington JANE HARMAN, California BILL BAKER, California DON JOHNSON, Georgia ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland SAM COPPERSMITH, Arizona VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan ANNA G. ESHOO, California 4 JAY INSLEE, Washington EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas DAVID MINGE, Minnesota NATHAN DEAL, Georgia ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia XAVIER BECERRA, California PETER W. BARCA, Wisconsin BOBBY L. RUSH, Illinois ROBERT E. PALMER, Chief of Staff MICHAEL RODEMEYER, Chief Counsel KATHRYN HOLMES, Administrator DAVID D. CLEMENT, Republican Chief of Staff SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY MARILYN LLOYD,Tennessee, Chairman ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia HARRIS W. FAWELL, Illinois ROBERT E. (BUD) CRAMER, JR., Alabama STEVEN H. SCHIFF, New Mexico DICK SWETT, New Hampshire BILL BAKER, California HERBERT C. KLEIN, New Jersey ROD GRAMS, Minnerotta PAUL McHALE, Pennsylvania ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland SAM COPPERSMITH, Arizona VERNON J. EHLttiS, Michigan JAY INSLEE, Washington TIM ROEMER, Indiana DAVE McCURDY, Oklahoma Ranking Republican Member. (11 CONTENTS WITNESSES Page June 28, 1994: Dr. Susan McGee Bailey, Executive Director, Center for Research on Women, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Mass.; and Dr. Jane Butler Kahle, Condit Professor of Science Education, Miami University, Ox- fort Ohio 10 Dr. Shirley Malcom, Head, Directorate for Education and Human Re- sources ProgramAmerican Associationforthe Advancement of Science, Washingion, DC; Richard E. Stephens, Director, Office of Uni- versity and Science Education Program, DOE, Washington, DC; Dr. Jane Stutsman, Deputy Assistant Director, Directorate i i Education and Human Resources, NSF, Washington, DC; Stacy K: ss, Director of Careers and Life Planning, Girls, Inc., New York, w_.7:2ar York; Dr Rebecca Failor, Member of Board of Directors, Math/Science Network, Oakland, California 63 APPENDIX ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS FOR THE RECORD Dr Susan McGee Bailey 162 Dr Jane Butler Kahle 167 Dr Shirley Malcom 171 Richard E. Stephens 176 Dr. Rebecca Failor 181 Stacy Kass 187 Dr. Jane Stutsman 188 Education Programs Catalog, DOE, 1994 192 (110 A WOMEN AND K-12 SCIENCE ANY; MATHEMATICS EDUCATION TUESDAY, JUNE 28, 1994 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, SPACE, AND TECHNOLOGY, SUBCOMMITTEE ON ENERGY, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 1:30 p.m.in Room 2325, Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. MarilynLloyd [chairman of the subcommittee) presiding. Mrs. LLOYD. Good afternoon, ladies and gentlemen.The subcommittee will come to order. Without objection, and I don't think there is anyonehere to ob- ject, I would ask unanimous consent that today'sproceedings be covered by the media. As most of you know, this hearing is the second in aseries of hearings to be held by this subcommittee on thesubject of "Women in Science and in Technology." The focus of today's hearing is on the issuesof gender bias in precollege science and mathematics education. Our first hearing was on May 12th and it focused on career options for women in science and engineering. It wasbased on the data that although women comprise 45 percentof the U.S. workforce they account for only 16 percent of employedscientists and about 18 percent of the employed engineers. But today's hearings get back to the roots of theproblem, to the reason why there are so few womenin our technical workforce. The root of the problem can be traced all the wayback to kindergarten and through the precollege education process, and thatis why we are here today to focus on thisissue. We do have reasons that we are certainly going toconsider today, research findings, and I do ask unanimous consentthat my statement, my complete statement be made a partof the record. fThe prepared statements of Mrs. Lloyd and Ms.Eshoo follow:] Jam' 9 THE HONORABLE MARILYN LLOYD OPENING STATEMENT "WOMEN AND K-12 SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS EDUCATION" JUNE 28, 1994 Good afternoon. The Subcommittee will come to order. I would liketo ask unanimous consent that today's proceedings be covered by the media. Without objection,so ordered. This hearing is the second in a series of hearings to be held by the Subcommitteeon the subject of Women in Science and Technology. The focus of today's hearingis on issues of gender bias in pre-college science and mathematics education. Our first hearing, on May 12th, focused on Career Options for Women in Scienceand Engineering, and was based on the data that, although women comprise 45%of the U.S. workforce, they account for only 16% of employed scientists and engineers. Today's hearing gets back to the roots of the problem-- to the reasons why there are so few women in our technical workforce. The root of this problemcan be traced all the way back to kindergarten and throughout the pre-college education process, and that is whywe are here today -- to

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