Evolution of Hiphop – Samenvatting
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“Rapper's Delight”
1 “Rapper’s Delight” From Genre-less to New Genre I was approached in ’77. A gentleman walked up to me and said, “We can put what you’re doing on a record.” I would have to admit that I was blind. I didn’t think that somebody else would want to hear a record re-recorded onto another record with talking on it. I didn’t think it would reach the masses like that. I didn’t see it. I knew of all the crews that had any sort of juice and power, or that was drawing crowds. So here it is two years later and I hear, “To the hip-hop, to the bang to the boogie,” and it’s not Bam, Herc, Breakout, AJ. Who is this?1 DJ Grandmaster Flash I did not think it was conceivable that there would be such thing as a hip-hop record. I could not see it. I’m like, record? Fuck, how you gon’ put hip-hop onto a record? ’Cause it was a whole gig, you know? How you gon’ put three hours on a record? Bam! They made “Rapper’s Delight.” And the ironic twist is not how long that record was, but how short it was. I’m thinking, “Man, they cut that shit down to fifteen minutes?” It was a miracle.2 MC Chuck D [“Rapper’s Delight”] is a disco record with rapping on it. So we could do that. We were trying to make a buck.3 Richard Taninbaum (percussion) As early as May of 1979, Billboard magazine noted the growing popularity of “rapping DJs” performing live for clubgoers at New York City’s black discos.4 But it was not until September of the same year that the trend gar- nered widespread attention, with the release of the Sugarhill Gang’s “Rapper’s Delight,” a fifteen-minute track powered by humorous party rhymes and a relentlessly funky bass line that took the country by storm and introduced a national audience to rap. -
Kajikawa, Loren. 2015. Sounding Race in Rap Songs. Oak- Land: University of California Press
Kajikawa, Loren. 2015. Sounding Race in Rap Songs. Oak- land: University of California Press. Reviewed by Tracy McMullen In 1991, Scott Deveaux warned that an “official history of jazz had taken hold,” aided and abetted by the work of academics. From a “chaotic di- versity of style and expression” came a “coherent whole, . a skillfully contrived and easily comprehended narrative” (525). Deveaux attributed this primarily to textbooks, which reinforced the narrative of neat stylistic decades (1920s New Orleans jazz, 1930s Swing, 1940s Bebop, etc.) and the institutionalization of jazz studies within colleges and universities. Because jazz was a relatively recent art form, Deveaux could watch the official his- tory develop and cohere before his eyes. Now it may be hip-hop’s turn. Like jazz, hip-hop is a new art form minted in the United States through the ex- pressive practices of African Americans. The rise of hip-hop has been con- current with the rise of ethnic studies departments and, more recently, the inclusion of popular music as a serious field of study in the academy. Thus, while jazz studies took decades to be accepted as a legitimate field within music departments, hip-hop studies is better positioned to find its way into a multitude of academic disciplines. It is important, therefore, to take les- sons from the development of jazz studies as the field of hip-hop studies takes shape. Is it possible for hip-hop studies to resist the model of “official history” with monograph-style counters from the margins (“women in hip-hop,” “Latinx in hip-hop”)? What would the field look like if scholars could collectively eschew the tendency to create a dominant narrative with its immutable “key elements,” masterpieces, and great innovators? Rather than center and margin, perhaps hip-hop as a field could choose flow as a model—an early example of which might be the foundational and help- fully plural text, The Hip-Hop Studies Reader (Forman and Neal 2012). -
A History of Hip Hop in Halifax: 1985 - 1998
HOW THE EAST COAST ROCKS: A HISTORY OF HIP HOP IN HALIFAX: 1985 - 1998 by Michael McGuire Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2011 © Copyright by Michael McGuire, 2011 DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY The undersigned hereby certify that they have read and recommend to the Faculty of Graduate Studies for acceptance a thesis entitled “HOW THE EAST COAST ROCKS: A HISTORY OF HIP HOP IN HALIFAX: 1985 - 1998” by Michael McGuire in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts. Dated: August 18, 2011 Supervisor: _________________________________ Readers: _________________________________ _________________________________ ii DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY DATE: August 18, 2011 AUTHOR: Michael McGuire TITLE: How the East Coast Rocks: A History Of Hip Hop In Halifax: 1985 - 1998 DEPARTMENT OR SCHOOL: Department of History DEGREE: MA CONVOCATION: October YEAR: 2011 Permission is herewith granted to Dalhousie University to circulate and to have copied for non-commercial purposes, at its discretion, the above title upon the request of individuals or institutions. I understand that my thesis will be electronically available to the public. The author reserves other publication rights, and neither the thesis nor extensive extracts from it may be printed or otherwise reproduced without the author’s written permission. The author attests that permission has been obtained for the use of any copyrighted material appearing in the -
There's No Shortcut to Longevity: a Study of the Different Levels of Hip
Running head: There’s No Shortcut to Longevity 1 This thesis has been approved by The Honors Tutorial College and the College of Business at Ohio University __________________________ Dr. Akil Houston Associate Professor, African American Studies Thesis Adviser ___________________________ Dr. Raymond Frost Director of Studies, Business Administration ___________________________ Cary Roberts Frith Interim Dean, Honors Tutorial College There’s No Shortcut to Longevity 2 THERE’S NO SHORTCUT TO LONGEVITY: A STUDY OF THE DIFFERENT LEVELS OF HIP-HOP SUCCESS AND THE MARKETING DECISIONS BEHIND THEM ____________________________________ A Thesis Presented to The Honors Tutorial College Ohio University _______________________________________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Graduation from the Honors Tutorial College with the degree of Bachelor of Business Administration ______________________________________ by Jacob Wernick April 2019 There’s No Shortcut to Longevity 3 Table of Contents List of Tables and Figures……………………………………………………………………….4 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………...5 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………..6-11 Parameters of Study……………………………………………………………..6 Limitations of Study…………………………………………………………...6-7 Preface…………………………………………………………………………7-11 Literary Review……………………………………………………………………………..12-32 Methodology………………………………………………………………………………....33-55 Jay-Z Case Study……………………………………………………………..34-41 Kendrick Lamar Case Study………………………………………………...41-44 Soulja Boy Case Study………………………………………………………..45-47 Rapsody Case Study………………………………………………………….47-48 -
A History of Hip-Hop Generation Chang, Jeff: Nezastaví a Nepřestanou Historie Hip-Hopové Generace
Tereza Humlová, 5. semestr e-mail: [email protected] Chang, Jeff: Can’t Stop, Won’t Stop - A history of hip-hop generation Chang, Jeff: Nezastaví a nepřestanou Historie hip-hopové generace Picador; 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010, 2005, ISBN 978-0312425791 První verze překladu Počet normostran: 150 Počet znaků: 270 000 Obsah Předmluva DJe Koola Herce Úvod SÉRIE 1: Babylon hoří: 1968-1977 1. Pohřebiště: Bronx a politika opuštění ………………………………………….. 4 2. Sipple Out Deh: Počátky jamajské generace a kulturní obrat …………………. 14 3. Krev, oheň a sem tam hudba: Gangy Bronxu ………………………………….. 29 4. Vytvořit si jméno: Jak DJ Kool Herc ztratil přízvuk a nastartoval hip-hop .….. 46 SÉRIE 2: Planeta Rock: 1975-1986 5. Spasená duše: Záhada a víra Afrika Bambaataa …………………………………. 59 6. Zběsilé styly: Vývoj stylů v jedenácti-kilometrovém světě ……………………… 72 7. Svět je náš: Přežití a přeměna stylu v Bronxu …………………………………… 83 8. Zulu na časované bombě: Setkání Hip-Hopu s Rockery v centru …….…………. 92 9. 1982: Vytržení v Americe Reagana 10. Konec nevinnosti: Pád Old-Schoolu SÉRIE 3: Zpráva: 1984-1992 11. Věci se rozpadají: Éra vzestupu občanských práv 12. Co máme na jazyku: Černá předměstí, segregace a utopie koncem osmdesátých let 13. Prozatím následovat: Otázka občanských práv pro černé 14. Kulturní vrazi: Zeměpis, generace a gangsterský rap 15. Skutečný nepřítel: Kulturní vzpoura Ice Cubova “Úmrtního Listu” SÉRIE 6: Sázky jsou vysoké: 1992-2001 16. Vymyslí se to: Mír a povstání v Los Angeles 17. Vše ve stejném gangu: Válka s mládeží a hledání jednoty 18. Stát se generací Hip-Hopu: Zdroj, průmysl a velký crossover 19. -
Musical Genres – Hip Hop
Musical Genres – Hip Hop On August 11, 1973, an 18-year-old, Jamaican-American DJ who went by the name of Kool Herc threw a back-to-school jam (party) at 1520 Sedgwick Avenue in the Bronx, New York. During his set, he decided to do something different. Instead of playing the songs in full, he played only their instrumental sections, or “breaks” - sections where he noticed the crowd went wild. During these “breaks” his friend Coke La Rock hyped up the crowd with a microphone. This was the start of hip hop music which started off with DJ’s using turntables and an MC using a mic to get the crowd involved. DJ’s used to move the vinyl (record) on the turntable to create break beats within the tracks. This was to get the audience’s attention. The instrumental sections repeat to make the track easier to dance to. A new form of dancing DJ means Disc Jockey MC means Master of Ceremonies called break dancing emerged. DJ’s also used to move the records back and forth on the turntable quickly which is called scratching. A slipmat was used underneath the vinyl to create a surface suitable for scratching. As hip hop developed, artists began to MC over the beats and this then led to rapping. Rapping is a spoken rhyme over a usually repetitive beat. Rapping was not the first way of speaking over music, however. In Jamaica in the 1960’s, DJ’s used to speak over the music and this was known as ‘toasting’. -
Difference Between Rap and Hip Hop Key Difference - Rap Vs Hip Hop
Difference Between Rap and Hip Hop www.differencebetween.com Key Difference - Rap vs Hip Hop There is often an overlap between the two terms rap and hip hop, which are subsets of urban music. This is because rap is one of the main elements in hip hop. The key difference between rap and hip hop is that rap is a type of music genre whereas hip hop is a music genre, an artistic movement as well as a subculture. As the American rapper KRS-One has said, “Rap is something you do, but hip hop is something you live.” What is Rap? Rap is a type of music where words are recited rapidly and rhythmically over an instrumental backing. This music has an African American origin; the West African griot tradition is considered to be the earliest precursor to the modern rap. Anthony "DJ Hollywood" Holloway from Harlem is the person credited with originating the style that was later known as rap. Rapping is also known as rhyming, spitting, emceeing or MCing. Rap can be categorized into three components as content (what is said), flow (rhythm and rhyme) and delivery (tone and cadence). Some famous rappers in the modern music industry include Eminem, Drake, Lil Wayne, Rakim, Kayne West, Jay-Z, and Wiz Khalifa Figure 1: Lil Wayne Rap is often associated with and is a part of hip hop music; however, the origins of rap precedes the origins of hip hop culture. What is Hip Hop? The term “hip hop” refers to a type of music, as well as an art movement and a subculture. -
The Dead Emcee Scrolls: the Lost Teachings of Hip Hop Pdf, Epub, Ebook
THE DEAD EMCEE SCROLLS: THE LOST TEACHINGS OF HIP HOP PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Saul Williams | 192 pages | 02 Mar 2006 | SIMON & SCHUSTER | 9781416516323 | English | New York, United States The Dead Emcee Scrolls: The Lost Teachings of Hip Hop PDF Book However, it's now part of a larger mix of hip-hop dancing. But most importantly, The Chronic was instrumental in the commercialization of gangsta rap by introducing the G-Funk style of hip-hop to the mainstream. Dre's groundbreaking solo debut also served as a podium for bourgeoning west coast rappers including Lady of Rage, Kurupt, Daz, and Snoop Dogg. Depending on how old you are, when someone says "hip-hop dance," you could picture the boogaloo, locking, popping, freestyle, uprocking, floor- or downrocking, grinding, the running man, gangsta walking, krumping, the Harlem shake or chicken noodle soup. DJing and MCing and eventually rapping started the hip-hop movement, with dance and style following closely thereafter. According to Kool Herc, a b-boy isn't just a dancer -- he can be anyone with that "Yo, I'm ready to break on somebody" attitude. If you'd like to see the moves firsthand, you can check out "Rize," David LaChapelle's "musical documentary. It's hard out there for a hip- hop artist at the Oscars. The label-heavy trend remains today. Meanwhile, the kids learn to rap about vegetables and gardening. Breakdancing in the 80s. Several migrated from the African-American community to the Caucasian community, including:. As gangsta rap gained widespread popularity, the original hope of hip-hop's message got lost in the mix. -
32 - Bmm2020 the Get- Down Part
32 - BMM2020 THE GET- DOWN PART By Miles Marshall Lewis to hear the story and 2Pac. But their points of view underlined that “ YOU LOV E again and again,” hip-hop culture now stretches long enough (nearly said the legend- five decades) for different generations to have their ary MC Shan, “of how it all got started way back own “OK boomer” views about who’s hot and who’s when.” Back when the hip-hop holy trinity of DJs not in rap history. The almost 50-year passage of Kool Herc, Afrika Bambaataa and Grandmaster time since its beginnings at public-park jams in the Flash appeared together on the cover of The Source South Bronx also means that the genre spans from magazine in late 1993, only the hardcore adherents the mature dad rap of 4:44-era Jay-Z to the so-called of rap music knew its history in intimately famil- SoundCloud rhymes of the late Juice WRLD. iar terms. Things like the 1520 Sedgwick Avenue Still, even an outsider like Australian director Pictured above: address of Kool Herc or crews like the Universal Baz Luhrmann felt comfortable enough creat- DJs Afrika Bambaataa, Zulu Nation—of which DJ Jazzy Jay was an early ing the fictive world of The Get Down, a scripted Grandmaster Flash member—were largely unfamiliar outside of the Netflix series set in the mise-en-scène of hip-hop’s and Kool Herc. Bronx. As hip-hop developed throughout the years formative years in the ’70s. From the American into the pop music of the world, spawning docu- Book Award-winning Can’t Stop Won’t Stop to the mentaries and historical biographies, rap’s origin Peabody-winning docuseries Hip-Hop Evolution, story has become as well-known to music lovers as many have laid bare the origins of rap music for the Beatles’ roots in Liverpool. -
DJ Kool Herc
Backstrom 1 Annalise Backstrom Professor Melisa Riviere Anth 3980 4 March 2011 Essay #1: Biography of a Hip-Hop Pioneer DJ Kool Herc It all started during the last week in August of 1973 at 1520 Sedgwick in the Bronx, New York. This is where hip-hop was born. Although Clive Campbell and his sister Cindy knew that they were onto something with the “back-to-school” party they decided to throw, they had no idea what they had really just started (Chang 70; 76). Clive Campbell, otherwise known as DJ Kool Herc, is considered to be the father of hip- hop. He “unearthed” the musical sound of hip-hop through the breaks in soul and funk records and was the first to start “break-beat-Deejaying” (Chang; jahsonic.com). Without the creativity and talent of DJ Kool Herc, the hip-hop culture would never have evolved into what it has become. Clive Campbell was the foundation of the movement (Gonzales 140). Clive Campbell was born on April 16, 1955, to Keith and Nettie Campbell. He was the oldest of six (jahsonic.com; Chang 70). Campbell spent his younger years in Kingston, Jamaica, before moving to New York City with his mother in November of 1967, at the age of twelve. Due to political unrest in Jamaica, many native Jamaicans were moving to the United States in search of better lives. Campbell’s mother moved to Manhattan in the early 1960s in order to work and study nursing. Clive was the first to join her in New York, but the rest of the family followed a short time later (Chang 70-72). -
Hip Hop in American Culture
Katedra anglistiky a amerikanistiky Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého Hip hop in American Culture Bakalářská práce Autor: Olga Jírová (Anglická – Německá filologie) Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jiří Flajšar, Ph.D. Olomouc 2012 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem tuto práci vypracovala samostatně a uvedla úplný seznam použité a citované literatury. V Olomouci dne 30. Listopadu 2012 ……………………………… Poděkování Ráda bych poděkovala Mgr. Jiřímu Flajšarovi, Ph.D. za vedení mé bakalářské práce a poskytnutí informací a rad souvisejících s její tvorbou. Content 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................... 1 2. What is Hip Hop? ................................................................................................ 3 2.1 Characteristics of Hip Hop Culture ........................................................... 4 2.1.1 DJing ...................................................................................................... 4 2.1.2 MCing .................................................................................................... 5 2.1.3 B-boying ................................................................................................. 6 2.1.4 Graffiti .................................................................................................... 9 2.1.5. Additional Elements ............................................................................ 12 3. History of Hip Hop .......................................................................................... -
From the Margins of the Peripheries: Female Voices from Brazil's And
From the margins of the peripheries: female voices from Brazil’s and Portugal’s hip hop scene Federica Lupati Tese de Doutoramento em Estudos Portugueses Julho 2019 Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Estudos Portugueses, realizada sob a orientação científica de Prof.ra Dra. Ana Maria Mão de Ferro Martinho Gale e a coorientação do Prof. Dr. Phillip Rothwell ACKLOWLEDGMENTS This work would not have been possible without the support of CHAM – Center for the Humanities and its incredible team. Some people from CHAM deserve to be mentioned: without their help and encouragement it would probably have taken much longer for me to finish this thesis than what it did. Among these, my friend, colleague and “partner in crime” Margarida Rendeiro, my supervisor and mentor Prof. Ana Maria Martinho, and Prof. Rosário Monteiro for always believing in me and motivating me. I also would like to thank my friend and colleague Márcia Leão, for giving me a home in São Paulo and accompanying me through my research there. Finally, I would like to mention rappers Telva TVon, Mynda Guevara, Capicua, Samantha Muleka, Rose MC, Lívia Cruz, Keli Rosa and Sharylaine for generously sharing their experiences and thoughts with me. They have given me much more than just “study material.” This project would not have been possible without all these great women. FROM THE MARGINS OF THE PERIPHERIES: FEMALE VOICES FROM BRAZIL’S AND PORTUGAL’S HIP HOP SCENE FEDERICA LUPATI ABSTRACT This research responds to the need to fill the void in terms of studies and scholarships on female rappers from Portugal and Brazil.