Devonian Trilobites from the Broken River Region of Northeastern Australia

Home , Hedstroemia, Proetidae, Tropidocoryphidae

Records of the Western Australian Must'lll11 Supplement No. 58: 65~80 (2000).

Devonian trilobites from the Broken River region of northeastern Australia

Raimund Feistl and John A. TalenF lInstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 du CNRS, Universite de Montpellier 11, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 2 Macquarie University Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology (MUCEP), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, Australia

Abstract - The Broken River Group in northeastern Queensland has produced the first Middle Devonian trilobites from Australia. With the exception of an undetermined phacopid from Emsian shales, all faunas were recovered from earliest Eifelian through Givetian to ?earliest Frasnian shallow water bioclastic limestones and marlstones. The specifically determinable part of the material consists entirely of five new taxa: Proetus (Devonoproetlls) sparsinodosus (Eifelian), Proetlls (Devonoproetus) latil11argo (Eifelian), Burgesina l11awsonae (Eifelian), Seutellum tenuistriatum (Givetian) and Pllacops (Phaeops) broeki (Givetian) A new genus of proetine, Burgesina, with type species B. mawsonae n. sp. is proposed. Preliminary palaeogeographical comparisons suggest only weak linkages with typical North Gondwanan faunas from Bohemia, southwestern Europe and North Africa. By contrast, the trilobites from the Broken River region are closely related to faunas from Inner Mongolia.

INTRODUCTION (compare Figures 1 and 2). Sediments in the latter Middle Devonian trilobites have not previously consist of a stratigraphically cryptic complex of recorded from Australia. The youngest previously mudrocks and subordinate arenites with debris recorded were from the Taemas Group of flows, olistoliths and carbonate fans. The southeastern New South Wales (Chatterton 1971); sedimentary complex in the Burges Submarine these are no younger than mid-Emsian, Valley has been referred to as the Burges Formation appoximately perbonus-inversus zones (R. Mawson, (Withnall et al. 1988, 1993: 116-122) but, largely pers. comm.). Trilobites are herein recorded for the because of lack of stratigraphic differentation, has first time from the Middle Devonian of Australia been referred to in subsequent publications, as well from seven localities in the Broken River Group of as herein, as. undifferentiated Broken River Group northeastern Queensland - from the late Emsian (Sloan et al. 1995). The debris flows and carbonate (serotinus Zone), late Eifelian (kockelianus Zone), fans have been built out into the Burges Submarine various levels in the Givetian, and one possibly Valley primarily from the Dosey-Craigie Platform. earliest Frasnian (Figure 1) All come from localities The best material has come from these carbonate (see Appendix) in the Broken River Group on the fans. WandoVale and Burges 1:100,000 topographic sheets south of Greenvale, in the Townsville hinterland of northeastern Australia. TRILOBITE FAUNAS Most of the material is inadequate, either because of poor preservation or because of an insufficient STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT number of exoskeletal pieces with characteristics The late Emsian-early Frasnian Broken River that would allow specific or even generic Group (Mawson and Talent 1989; Sloan et al. 1995; attribution. With the exception of a single phacopid Withnall et al. 1992, 1993) cropping out widely in from a siliceous nodule in late Emsian shales the Broken River region (Figure 1) can be viewed as (Bracteata Formation) and a faunule from ?early consisting of two platform areas with shallow-water Frasnian but possibly latest Givetian decalcified sequences, the Dosey-Craigie and Pandanus mudstone (Mytton Formation), the Broken River Platforn1s, in the south and northwest respectively trilobites are from bioclastic crinoidal limestones (Mawson and Talent 1989; Sloan et al. 1995), and marlstones in the above-mentioned carbonate separated by a northeasterly directed tract of deeper fans. The lithologies include algae indicating a water sediments, the Burges Submarine Valley shallow water context (or shallow water derivation) 66 R. Feist, J.A. Talent

144°40' rv::-vl 500km ~ Cainozoic basalts ==--==-= [2] Mytton Formation· mudstone and arenites Papilio Formation mudstones with subordinate [ID nodular limestone, includes Spanner Limestone Mbr. and oolitic Stanley Member Dosey Limestone

Storm Hill Sandstone

Bracteata Formation mudstones with minor arenites and rare carbonates - ::::: \ .. discontinuity I, I'. " -~ ~:g~~~~}[~ ~r:~~~~~:~:~~ij~:~':~o~~~~~~~~~~annt ,:,;/' "" "., limestone lenses northeast of the map area ",.'1 (Lochkovian • Pragian)

Transitional - limestones to shale, arenites and conglomerates (folded)

S0192 S021 • S01928 .:' 19°30' ./ 19°30' I,.." " '.'. "., ...... q,e, .. ' {) (). ...,:. \. -,'

Figure 1 Stratigraphic units in portion of the Broken River area of northeastern Australia, simplified from mapping by Mawson and Talent (1989), Withnall and Lang (1992) and Sloan et al. (1995). in which trilobites tend normally to be extremely limestones. The Givetian brachiopod- and coral-rich rare. Interestingly, the identifiable part of the marlstones have produced a few entire phacopids, collections consists entirely of new taxa. Our typical of quiet-water, muddy habitats. All the collections are very poor in individuals; they are trilobites have rather large, protruding eyes mostly present - especially in the case of the typical for shallow platform environments. Eifelian ones - as detached, often fragmented pieces Two associations were encountered in the late of carapace accumulated in downslope-transported Eifelian (kockelianus Zone) where four families are debris-flows derived from presumably reefal represented (phacopids, proetids, tropidocoryphids Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 67

SILURIAN DEVONIAN

EARLY MIDDLE LATE

Ludlow ~ Lochkov. Prag. Emsian Eifelian Givetian Frasnian is:

(f) r-- 0 I g I x@ C -i ; I ~ I I ~ C g I I 0 =:3 I ii;' I (/l Cl) ;; I ~ I '< 3 I =? I :: I ~ I ()... llol 0' '" I ii;' I I§ I::J I (.Q I~ ai' I g- I '"0 Q) Q. -0... tJ> )1: (') 3 ! ~ OJ o c =:3 "3: cO 0 ~. o ::l .., "Tl "Tl 0 0 3 3 V ~ ~ 0' 0' ::l b~~ ::l 0",- C:l> • .. ~Iit-g. ); 30(I):::r ~1§1 !e.o o~ ~g;; :>(1)(1)(1) g 6- 0 r 3:"" '"0 \3'3: ~ r::r llol ~~ ,.. 6 (I) III :::l 8"'" g' !e.a :>~:> 0:> I a. lit g:.; :>'" llol (I)~ :::l I;;"iir 3:(1) I c: CD ~. r::r=,.. (/l rbl g>~ 5.~ c :>:> '"0 0:;- 0.':_" llol ~= 3==sIII !e.o " o ~ , (1)(1)'3 (1)3 :>(1) o Ill", ~ !e.(I) (1)(1) - :::l..- 00. -... (j)'g iil3 "" !e.(I) en :;' 3 Q -- ~ "---.--'''---.--'' '- .,,::tl ."C/l III (') 3!!!. 3=. Broken River Group z 7C' :>'tl ::lCl o ." :::r is: ::0 3 !! (') -i :::l a 7C' I

Figure 2 Schematic north-south cross-section of the Broken River area of northeastern Australia, from the Dosey Craigie Platform in the south to the Pandanus Platform in the north, showing Ludlow-Frasnian units and relative stratigraphic position of localities from which late Emsian-?early Frasnian trilobites documented here have been obtained (modified from Sloan et al. 1995), Note the southern and northern carbonate platforms and the intervening submarine valley (Burgess Submarine Valley) with undifferentited Broken River clastics with carbonate fans (at localities 3 and 4), debris flows and olistoliths, Note also that the Stanley Limestone Member is shown as extending very slightly above the Givetian-Frasnian boundary on the basis of meagre, though not compelling conodont data, and that locality 6, low in the Mytton Formation, is separated from the Stanley Limestone Member by a break in sedimentation of uncertain duration, 68 R. Feist, l.A. Talent

and aulacopleurids), two associations in the early to Description mid-Givetian Papilio Formation (phacopids and Pygidium moderately vaulted, elongate scutelluids), and one in the Mytton Formation (with pentagonal in outline (width to length == 2.9:2.6) phacopids and aulacopleurids). Due to the with, in lateral view, the proximal third of the stratigraphic position and the depositional pleural field flattened with a slightly depressed environment, the fauna is different in composition median rib and a moderately elevated small axis from all previously described trilobite faunas from declining forward. Pleural field vaulted Australia. Preliminary palaeobiogeographical medially, with a markedly flexed median rib; comparisons reveal only mild affinity with typical outer part gently sloping to broad border North Gondwanan faunas from Bohemia, depression; border flat and horizontal. Axis southwestern Europe or North Africa. The scutelluid triangular in dorsal view, sharply separated seems to be closer related to Avalonian, especially from the pleural field by a continuous dorsal Rhenish forms, whereas the phacopids and the proetids furrow, and with narrow median lobe not are unusual; they appear to have some traits in reaching the dorsal furrow. Doublure two-thirds common with Mongolian taxa. More material is needed the length of the pleural field (sagitally). Seven to complete knowledge of the identified taxa and to pairs of pleural ribs and a broader unbifurcated enable specific assignment of the several taxa for which median rib, all cylindrical in their adaxial third, specific and even generic location is problematic. flattened to the rear, reaching the posterolateral borders, sharply defined by narrow and deep interpleural furrows. Median rib, twice as broad SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY as the adjacent ribs at its posterior end, tapers continuously to the anterior border of the Family Styginidae Vogdes, 1890 doublure, at which point it expands again to reach a maximum width at the junction with the Subfamily Scutelluinae Richter and Richter, 1955 dorsal furrow where it is wider than the median Genus Scutellum Pusch, 1833 lobe of the axis. In the proximal third of the pleural field all pleurae (except the first one) are Type species strongly bent forward and outward to meet the Scutellum costatum Pusch, 1833 dorsal furrow in a rather narrow angle. The entire surface of the exoskeleton is densely covered with thin, transversely directed, Scutellum tenuistriatum n. sp. anastomosing ridges of equal size that, at the Figure 3C junction with the borders, curve abruptly back in the form of minute hooks that terminate Name obliquely at the border in a succession of parallel Referring to the fine, striated sculpture covering chevrons giving to it a pseudospinose aspect the surface of the exoskeleton. ("Pseudoziihnelung" of Erben 1967). In addition to this sculpture sparse nodules of moderate size Type material are displayed throughout the surface. Holotype, AMF 112492, a partly exfoliated pygidium from locality 8; Figure 3C. Paratype: Remarks pygidium, AMFl12493 from locality 2. Age: late In her revision of the genus Scutellum, Archinal Eifelian (kocke1ianus Zone) to possibly earliest (1994) grouped all taxa with a long pentagonal Givetian (hemiansatus Zone). outline of the pygidium and an adaxially widening median rib into a new subgenus Scutellum Occurrence (Calycoscutellum). Because of this feature, the new Brachiopod-rich mudstones of the Papilio species could be located in S. (Calycoscutellum), but Formation; late Eifelian (kockelianus Zone) to the diagnostic features and especially the possibly earliest Givetian (hemiansatus Zone) widening of the adaxial median rib - seem not to be sufficiently expressed to allow unequivocal Diagnosis characterisation of that subgenus. Moreover, the A species of Scutellum Pusch with pygidium adaxial portion of the median rib widens during the characterised by having a median rib narrowest in postlarval ontogeny; this feature cannot be seen in its proximal third, expanding towards the axis to smaller specimens as for example in S. depressum become wider than median axial lobe; pleural ribs Cooper and Cloud (1938). There is great variability having proximal ends bent outwards; ribs flattened of this feature in different morphotypes of S. distally, sharply defined by narrow pleural furrows. flabellifer (the type-species of Calycoscutellum) as well Prosopon of dense ridges and sparse nodules; as in other taxa such as S. ("Calycoscutellum") sagitta border pseudospinose. Archinal1994. As stated by Basse (1996), additional ..._------Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 69 diagnostic features must be identified before this Family Proetidae Salter, 1864 subgenus can be usefully employed. Among Givetian species of SClltellunl with a Subfamily Proetinae Salter, 1864 proximally widening median rib and narrow Genus Proetlls Steininger, 1831 interpleural furrows the new species ressembles S. bnmopalllusi Archinal from the Eifel Mountains, Subgenus Proetlls (Devonoproetlls) Liitke, 1990 Germany, but has a much stronger outward curvature of the proximal pleurae. It differs from S. Type species delicatunl (Whidbome) from the Lummaton shellbed Proetus (Proetus) talenti Chatterton, 1971 in Torquay (SW England) by the marked constriction of the median rib at the anterior border Remarks of the doublure. It resembles S. depressunl Cooper Lutke (1990) placed Ocvonoproetus in Gerastos and Cloud from Illinois, but has a much wider Goldfuss 1843 despite the close resemblance of its anterior termination of the median rib and stronger type species P. talenti to Proetus s.s. (Adrain 1997). curved anterior pleurae. Moreover the border of the Accordingly and because of the direct ancestor American species carries very tiny short spines seen descendant relationship between both taxa we only in large specimens; such true spines are not consider Oevonoproetus as a subgenus of Proetus. developed in S. tenuistriatunl. Additionally, the characteristic prosopon makes the new species Proetlls (Devonoproetlls) sparsinodoslls n. sp. distinct from all other comparable species of Scutellunl. Figure 3A, E, I, M, N All previously described Australian Name representatives of Scutellum come from the Early Recalling the sporadic occurrence of small nodes Devonian. S. calvunl Chatterton 1971 and S. hollandi on the smooth surface of exoskeleton. Wright and Chatterton 1988 are both from the Emsian of New South Wales. S. droseron Holloway Type material and Neil 1982 and S. slldorum Holloway 1996 are Holotype, cranidium, AMF 112495, from locality from the Lochkovian and early Emsian respectively 3,216 m above the base of section Br BB, Figure 3/ of Victoria. All four forms may be discriminated A, E, 1. Paratypes from same locality and stratum: from the present species by their prosopon and the juvenile cranidium, AMF 112496 ; fragmentary configuration of the median rib. pygidium, AMF 112497, Figure 3/M, N; Little is known about Givetian forms of SClltcllunl fragmentary pygidium, AMF 112498. Age: late from Gondwana-related areas. A single cranidium Eifelian (zone uncertain). of Scutellum sp. 2 gr. costatum has been found in Brittany (Morzadec 1983). The exoskeleton lacks the characteristic ridges developed in S. Occurrence tcnuistriatum. A poorly preserved pygidium from Black crinoidal wackestone (Eifelian; kockelianus Cantabrian Mountains assigned to s. costatum cf. Zone) from a carbonate fan in undifferentiated lummatonensis Selwood by Smeenk (1983) has Broken River Group in the Burges Submarine much larger interpleural furrows than the new Valley. species. An undescribed pygidium of s. costatum costatum occurs in Stringocephalus limestones at Diagnosis Monumenz in the Central Camic Alps (collections Species of the subgenus Oevonoproetus of G.B. Vai, number 23925, Bologna). Other characterised by: cranidium with vaulted, long representatives of the costatum group in the subrectangular glabella reaching poorly defined Montagne Noire, all with a narrow anterior anterior border; lateral occipital lobes unswollen, median rib, do not occur earlier than earliest incompletely separated from occipital lobe; sparse Frasnian (Feist 1974). tubercles on posterior part of glabella. Pygidium with long and high axis reaching to poorly defined, swollen margin; ring and pleural furrows very weakly impressed. Scutelluid indet.

Remarks Description Two fragments of a scutelluid cranidium and a The elongate subrectangular, parallel sided few thoracic segments (AMFI12494) occur in glabella is defined by straight dorsal furrows and a bioclastic, crinoidal and brachiopod-rich sparitic semicircular frontal outline. It is continuously but limestones at locality 4 (latest Emsian patulus Zone not very highly vaulted both in lateral and frontal or earliest Eifelian, partitlls Zone). They are views with a hemispherical shaped frontal lobe. SI associated with Burgesina mawsonac n. gen. n. sp. and S2 furrows, weakly impressed, separate ------

70 R. Feist, J.A. Talent

A 8 c

F G H

J K

N o p

R s T u

v x y Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 71

unswollen lateral lobes. Basal angles of glabella Remarks behind L1 are slightly truncated by distally forward The type species of Proetlls (Oevonoproetlls) is P. directed occipital furrow. Dorsal furrows, deep (D.) talenti Chatterton from the late Emsian Taemas behind and in front of glabella, are shallow Formation, New South Wales. This species is anterolaterally. Anterior border broad, slightly different in exhibiting dense tuberculation, more swollen, poorly defined by large border depression diverging anterior sutures, a larger pygidial axis that merges with prefrontal furrow of glabella, with throughout deeply impressed ring furrows. protruding in dorsal view; broadly downcurving The new species is closest to Proetlls vesclIs Zhou, margin provided with continuous terrace ridges. Siveter and Owens from the Eifelian Yikewusu Occipital ring narrow, strongly vaulted (sag.), of Formation of Inner Mongolia. It is distinct by the equal width as the base of glabella, exhibits broader, somewhat flatter anterior margin and the incompletely separated, low, uninflated lateral sparse nodular sculpture on the cephalon. The lobes of moderate size that are bounded anteriorly Emsian and early Eifelian species P. (D.) margo by the deeply incised distal ends of the occipital Lutke and P. (0.) clIltrijllgati Richter and Richter furrow. Fixigenae adjacent to glabella extremely from Germany are clearly distinct from P. (D.) narrow and equal in width anteriorly and sparsinodoslIs by the outline of their more tapering posteriorly of the palpebral lobe. Facial suture glabella and the curved dorsal furrows. In between b-g and e--z runs parallel to sagittal line. comparison to these species P. (D.) sparsinodosus has Palpebral lobe of sigmoidal outline, vaulted a longer rachis with a broader end-piece (sag.). tranversely, two and a half times longer than wide, According to Lutke (1990) the subgenus situated inmidst between the anterior border Oevolloproetus is represented in Avalonia-Baltica and depression and the posterior border furrow. North America whereas, besides Australia and Prosopon smooth with the exception of Mongolia, its occurrence in Northern Gondwana characteristic, relatively big-sized nodules that are (Bohemia and Armorica) is questionable. By contrast, distantly dispersed on the posterior two thirds of the contemporaneous proetine Gerastos is well the glabella. Pygidium, largely semielliptical in represented in western North Gondwana terranes outline, has a long, relatively high axis defined by such as Armorica, North Africa and Bohemia. straight, little converging dorsal furrows and a broadly rounded, elevated end that reaches to the poorly defined border depression. There are 7 + 1 Proetus (Devonoproetus) latimargo n. sp. flat axial rings of which the anteriormost is Figures 3B, G, K 0, V, W, X. narrower and more elevated than the following ones; ring furrows sigmoidal with a distally Name forward curving swing; only the two anterior ring Referring to the large, characteristic border of the furrows are deeply marked, the others are very pygidium. faint. The pleural field is moderately vaulted with a poorly defined border depression and a large Type material slightly swollen border. There are 4 or 5 flat pleural Holotype, cranidium, AMFl12499, from locality ribs that are separated by faint pleural furrows. 3, 214.5 m along a metric tape from the base of the Pleural ribs and furrows terminate at border section (Figures 3B, G, K). Paratypes from the same depression far inside from posterolateral margin. bed: fragment of librigena, AMFl12500; Posterior border slightly up-tilted with narrow, fragmentary pygidium, AMF 112501, Figures 30, X; swollen margin. Prosopon smooth; only the anterior pygidium with fragmentary axis, AMFl12502, ring of axis with a few nodules. Figures 3V, W.

~ Figure 3 Trilobites from the Broken River Group, N Queensland. The material is housed in the collections of the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM). All figured specimens were coated with MgO. A, E, I, M, N, Proetzls (Oevonoproetlls) sparsinodoslIs n. sp. A, E, I, holotype, cranidium, AMF112495, dorsal view (A) x 4.4; frontal view (E) x 4.9; lateral view (I) x 4.4; M, N, pygidium, AMFl12497, fragmentary, lateral view (M) x 5.4; dorsal view (N) x 5.4. B, F, G, H, J, K, O,T, V,W, X, Proetlls (Oevonoproetlls) /atimargo n. sp. B, G, K, holotype, cranidium, AMFl12499, dorsal view (8) x 5.4; frontal view (G) x 5.7; lateral view (K) x 5.2; F, J, T, cranidium, AMF112503, frontal view (F) x 6.5; lateral view (J) x 5.7; dorsal view (T) x 6; H, librigena, AMF112504, dorsal view x 7.4. 0, X, pygidium, AMF 112501, fragmentary, dorsal view (0) x 7.1; lateral view (X) x 7.1. V, W, pygidium, AMF112502, axis broken, dorsal view (V) x 6.4; lateral view (W) x 6.4. C, Selltellllm temlistriatllm n. sp, holotype, pygidium, AMF 112492, partly exfoliated, dorsal view x 1.4. D, Otarion sp. cranidium with broken glabella, AMFl12534, dorsal view x 8.7. L, P, Astyeoryphe sp. L, librigena, AMFl12529, dorsal view x 8.3; P, fragment of cranidium, AMFl12528, dorsal view x 8.8. Q, S, Proetinae gen. et sp. indet., fragmentary pygidium, Q, AMFl12526, lateral view x 6; S, dorsal view x 5.7. R, Cornuproetinae gen. et sp. indet., fragmentary anterior portion of cranidium, AMF112527, dorsal view x 5. U, Y, AlI/aeop/ellm sp., U, librigena, AMF112533, internal mould, dorsal view x 6.8; Y, cranidium, AMF112532, internal mould, dorsal view, x 7.7. 72 R. Feist, I.A. Talent

Occurrence and a very large gently sloping outer margin Black crinoidal wackestone from undifferentiated separated by a shallow but distinct border furrow. Broken River Formation, late Eifelian ?australis There are 5 - 6 bicomposite ribs defined by deeply Zone. Supplementary material assigned to same incised pleural furrows. Interpleural furrows are species from locality 4, crinoidal brachiopod sparitic less marked distally. Only the pleural bands of the limestone also from undifferentiated Broken River two anterior ribs continue onto the outer margin; Formation: cranidium, AMF 112503, Figure 3/T, F, the posterior ones terminate at border furrow. The J; librigena, AMF 112504, Figure 3/H. outer slope of the margin carries two or three terrace ridges. Prosopon tuberculate. On glabella Diagnosis tubercles increase in size from front to rear. Species of the subgenus Devonoproetus with following characteristic features: cranidium with Remarks long tongue-shaped glabella, not overhanging The new species is distinct from P. (DJ talenti, P. anterior border; border thick, protruding, not up (DJ sparsinodosus and P. (DJ vescus by its tongue tilted; genal spines short. Pygidium with large axis, shaped glabella; it shares this feature with Proetus markedly tapering to the rear, with deeply marked zhusilengensis Zhou, Siveter and Owens from the axial ring furrows; margin very large, defined by Emsian Zhusileng Formation of Inner Mongolia; shallow border furrow. however it is distinct by its much larger pygidial border and denser nodular sculpture. Description The cranidium exhibits a tongue shaped glabella, bounded by slowly but continuously converging, Genus Burgesina n. gen. straight dorsal furrows of equal depth. The glabella Type species is strongly vaulted (tr. and sag.), highly arched in Burgesina mawsonae n. sp. frontal view, and is longer than wide (5.5 : 4.5), broadest at base. There is no praeglabella field. Name Protruding anteriorly, the large, subcylindrical After Burges 1:100,000 topographic sheet, (sag.) border is defined by a marked border furrow Townsville hinterland, of northeastern Australia, that deepens in front of glabella when merging with where the trilobites were found. the prefontal furrow. Front lobe of glabella not overhanging but slightly impinging on border. Diagnosis Glabella furrows inconspicuous; 51 and 52 slightly A genus of the subfamily Proetinae with the impressed adjacent to dorsal furrow. Occipital following characteristic features: Cranidium large furrow straight, deepening behind L1 and meeting with up-tilted border ridge; glabella dorsal furrows at right angles. Occipital ring narrow subquadrangular, flattened with backward (sag.), as broad as glabella (tr.), anteriorly protruding basal lobes; lateral occipital lobes high; subdivided by deep, discontinuous incisions of librigena with prominent eye, lacking genal spines. occipital furrow that isolate elongate, anteriorly Pygidium semicircular with thick border; axis long, swollen lateral lobes; median lobe protruding prominent, larger than pleural region, with 9 + 1 forward. Anterior fixigenae large, vaulted, down rings. Sculpture of coarse discontinuous ridges and sloping. Anterior branches of suture first parallel to tubercles. the dorsal furrow then flexing markedly outward. g and e are situated very near to dorsal furrow. Narrow sigmoidal shaped, strongly inclined, small Species palpebral lobes remain behind 52. Posterior B. formosa (Zhou, Siveter and Owens 2000), B. sp. branches of suture parallel to dorsal furrow. The indel. 1 (Zhou, Siveter and Owens 2000), B. sp. librigena is provided with a rather robust, indet 2 (Zhou, Siveter and Owens 2000), B. cylindrical border, a large eye with a weak eye-socle mawsonae n.sp. and a narrow anterior librigenal field. The genal angle protrudes into a small spine. The pygidium is Time and occurrence largely parabolic in outline with slightly truncated Emsian to Eifelian; Western Inner Mongolia and posterior margin. Axis robust, high, larger than one Broken River Region, North Queensland pleural region, defined by straight, markedly converging dorsal furrows and a truncated Remarks posterior outline. It is provided with 7 + 1 Among the proetines with pronounced lateral prominent, cylindrical rings separated by rather occipital lobes the new taxon shares features of the deep, slightly sigmoidal ring furrows. Pleural field cranidium such as the up-tilted anterior border and large, moderately vaulted, subdivided into a more the shape of the glabella with some American vaulted inner part with well defined pleural ribs species of Crassiproetus Stumm such as C. sibleyensis Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 73

and C. nonooodensis (cf. Lieberrnan 1994, I~igure 20). than in sagittal length, nearly parallel-sided, But the particular trait of backward projected basal tapering in front, strongly vaulted anteriorly (sag.), lobes does not occur in Crassiproetlls. Besides, the less transversely, flattened behind; frontal lobe new taxon has a much shorter and less arched semicircular, vertically sloping, not overhanging. pygidial axis with fewer rings. In this regard, the Glabellar furrows unimpressed, large, sculpturless; pygidium is nearer to that of Coniproetlls Alberti S 1 broad, backward directed without reaching to though it has a much thicker border (Alberti 1966). occipital furrow; lateral lobes unswollen. Base of The Silurian genus Hedstroemia Pribyl and Vanek glabella notched by inserts of occipital furrow and 1978 to which Zhou, Siveter and Owens originally markedly backward shifted median and lateral attributed the Mongolian taxa is characterised by lobes (L 1). Dorsal furrows narrow, deep, nearly its anteriorly tapering glabella, the presence of a parallel behind, thinning and strongly convergent preglabellar field, and the deeply incised lateral in anterior third. Rather narrow, deeply incised glabeIlar furrows. The new genus is distinct from anterior border furrow merges with prefrontal Hedstroemia by characteristic features such as furrow of glabella. Anterior border ridge-like absence of the praeglabellar field, uptilted ridge uptilted, with vertical, slightly vaulted outer slope, like anterior border, faint lateral glabellar furrows, steeply inclined posteriorly, forming a narrow crest very broad and inflated pygidial border, fewer axial separated from front of glabella by deep, gorge-like rings and straight pleural bands of even height and border furrow. Occipital furrow homogenously length. In the outline of the large quadrangular deep and narrow, sigmoidal, bifurcated distally. glabella and in the shape of its posterior border, the Occipital ring as high and broad (tr.) as base of new taxon differs considerably from all other glabella, flattened at top, slightly protruding proetines. medially, with completely separated, prominent, elongated lateral lobes. Fixigenae moderately large (tr.), arched anteriorly to the same degree as Burgesina mawsonae n. sp. glabella. Palpebral lobe short (exsag.), rearward Name positioned, of narrow sigmoidal outline, slightly For Prof. Ruth Mawson who has contributed so flexed inward and backward. e lies nearer to dorsal importantly to improving knowledge of the furrow than g. Anterior branches of suture long, chronologic framework for the Broken River and straight, little diverging until border furrow, other mid-Palaeozoic sequences in Australia. strongly inward curved on border. Short portion of posterior suture e-z straight and parallel to dorsal Diagnosis furrow. z lies in posterior border furrow opposite to Type species of Burgesina n.g. characterised by: the posterior branch of occipital furrow. Posterior quadrangular, highly vaulted glabella with notched border cylindrical, short and bent backward. base and elongated lateral occipital lobes. Librigena subtriangular with prominent eye on high, unswollen eye-socle that merges continuously with slightly arched and deeply downsloping Type material librigenal field. Border furrow sharp and deeply Holotype, cranidium, AMF112505, from locality impressed. Lateral border broad, as large (tr.) as 4, Figure 4/A, U. Paratypes from same bed: genal field, twice as large as posterior border, cranidium, AMF112506, Figure 4/ F, R; fragment flattened at top with thick outer margin. Genal of anterior cranidium, AMF112507, Figure 4/ B; angle without spine; short residual spine may still librigena, AMFl12508, Figure 4/ M; pygidium, be present in young holaspids. Prosopon of AMF112509, Figure 4/ I, T; pygidium, AMF11251O, cephalon: coarse wrinkles and discontinuous ridges Figure 4/ K, 0, S; pygidium, AMFl12511, Figure 4/ on glabella and occipital ring, discontinuous N. Supplementary material from same bed: 5 parallel terrace ridges on anterior fixigenae, cranidia (AMFI12512-516), 2 librigenae continuous terrace ridges on the outer slopes of the (AMF1l2517-518), 2 thoracic segments anterolateral borders, minute grooves in border (AMF112519-520), 5 pygidia (AMF1l2521-525). furrows and on eye-socle. Pygidium semicircular with thick border separated by continuously Occurrence marked border furrow that interrupts the vault of Bioclastic, crinoidal and brachiopod rich sparitic the pleural field. Axis long, highly arched limestones at the base of Fish Hill, locality 4 (latest transversely, anteriorly broader (tr) and, in lateral Emsian patllllls Zone or earliest Eifelian, partitlls view, as high as the pleural region, tapers with Zone). continuously straight dorsal furrows and terminates with a high, rounded end shortly before reaching at Description the border furrow. There are 9 + 1 slightly Cranidium square-shaped with large, backward inclined axial rings, completely separated subquadrangular glabella, slightly broader at base by thin ring furrows that tend to vanish rearwards 74 R. Feist, J.A. Talent

(especially in larger specimens). Pleural field cranidium, AMF 112527, from locality 3, 216 m strongly arched and sharply bounded by border along a metric tape from the base of section Br BB, furrow. There are 8 conspicious, bicomposite, late Eifelian (?australis Zone). The fragment is prominent pleural ribs that all abruptly terminate assigned to the Cornuproetinae because of the in border furrow. Pleural bands of equal heighth, configuration of the broad anterior glabella lobe, the the posterior slightly broader than the anterior; the rather narrow preglabellar field, the deep, flexed anterior ones clearly separated by faint but anterior border furrow, and the broad cylindrical continuous interpleural furrows. Border swollen, of border protruding slightly forward adaxially, and equal breadth, slowly downsloping from border its continuous terrace lines. furrow outwards, in lateral view as high as pleural field. Outer slope carries 6 continuous, parallel terrace ridges. Prosopon: tubercles on each pleural Family Tropidocoryphidae Pribyl, 1946 band and on the posterior axial rings. Subfamily Tropidocoryphinae Pribyl, 1946

Comparison Genus Astycoryphe Richter and Richter, 1919 The Mongolian representatives of the new genus share many traits with B. mawsonae from the Broken Type species River region. In particular, B. formosa Zhou, Siveter Astycoryphe senckenbergiana Richter and Richter, and Owens from the Emsian Zhusileng Formation 1919 is very close to the new taxon. Whereas the pygidia are nearly identical, the cranidium of B. mawsonae is distinct in its more quadrangular, stronger and ?Astycoryphe sp. more highly vaulted glabella with its deeply Figure 3L, P notched base, the elongated lateral occipital lobes, Remarks and the broader fixigenal fields with posterior Fragments of tropidocoryphine trilobites have sutures that run parallel to the dorsal furrows. Both been obtained from locality 3, at 214.5 m along a taxa doubtless belong to the same genus; they are metric tape from the base of the section Br BB, late distinct from Hedstroemia by characteristic features Eifelian (?australis Zone). Figured are one such as absence of the praeglabellar field, uptilted cranidium, AMF 112528, Figure 3P and one ridge-like anterior border, faint lateral glabellar librigena, AMF 112529, Figure 3L. Supplementary furrows, very broad and inflated pygidial border, material: one fragment of the anterior of a fewer axial rings and straight pleural bands of even cranidium, AMF 112530, and one librigena, height and length. The combination of these AMF112531. features justifies integration of the two species into The material is not sufficiently complete for a separate genus, i.e. Burgesina n.g. specific or even generic attribution. Because of the large frontal lobe of the glabella and the Proetinae gen. et sp. indet. characteristic lateral border it is tentatively assigned Figure 3Q, S to Astycoryphe. This genus has been reported from the Early Devonian of New South Wales (Wright Remarks and Chatterton 1988). A undetermined fragmentary pygidium, AMF 112526, from locality 4, occurring in association with Proetus (Devonoproetus) latimargo. It may, Family Aulacopleuridae Angelin, 1854 however, belong to another species because the Subfamily Aulacopleurinae Angelin, 1854 axial rings are not completely separated, and the ring furrows are displayed only in the centre of the Genus Aulacopleura Hawle and Corda, 1847 axis. Effaced axial furrows occur on pygidia of Orbitoproetus Pillet 1969, but representatives of that Type species genus have a broader and less elevated axis. Arethusina konincki Barrande 1846

Subfamily Comuproetinae Richter and Richter, Aulacopleura sp. 1956 Figure 3D, Y

Comuproetinae gen. et sp. indet. Remarks Figure 3R A single cranidium, AMF 112532, Figure 3Y and a free cheek, AMF 112533, Figure 3D have been Remarks recovered from a small decalcified marlstone An undetermined fragment of the anterior of a nodule at locality 6 in the Mytton Formation in the ------Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 75

Page Creek area. The specifically indeterminable recognising his work in the Broken River material exhibits characteristic features of area. Alllacopleura such as the rectangular, anteriorly truncated, low frontal lobe of the glabella, the large, Type material posteriorly projected praeglabella field and the Holotype, AMF112535, enrolled entire specimen prominent eye-ridges. However, the librigena from locality 1, Figure 4P, Q. Paratype: cephalon, ressembles those of the genus Cyplzaspis Burmeister AMF112536, from locality 5, approximately half 1843. If the presence of Alllacopleura can be way between 146 and 147 m above the base of the confirmed by the discovery of more complete and section, Figure 4H, L. Supplementary material: better preserved material a pre-Taghanic age could enrolled thoraco-pygidium, AMF112537, from be assigned to the nodule as Alllacoplellra has been locality 1; 1 fragmentary cephalon, AMF112538, regarded as disappearing at the Middle/Upper rom locality 8 at 223 m from the base of the sect varcus Zone boundary. The matrix, however, is on; cephalon, AMF112539, from locality 5, approx argued (see earlier) to be younger than this, the best imately half way between 150 and 165 m above the estimate on available data being earliest Frasnian base of the section; cephalon, AMF112540, from rather than late Givetian. locality 4 same horizon as the holotype.

Occurrence Subfamily Otarioninae Richter and Richter, 1926 From brachiopod-rich mudstones in the Papilio Genus Otarion Zenker, 1833 Formation-late Givetian, Izermanni Zone, about 51 52 m above the entry of Sclmzidtognathus (see Sloan Type species et al. 1995, Table 6). Because of rareness, the first Otarion diffractum Zenker, 1833 record of Schmidtognathus in this section may be appreciably above the base of the hermanni Zone, and conceivably younger in the late Givetian. Otarion sp. Figure 3D Diagnosis A species of Phacops (Plzacops) characterised by Remarks having: cephalon low, flattened; glabella not A fragment of a cranidium assigned to Otarion, overhanging, with slightly convex dorsal furrows; AMF112534, occurs in association with Burgesina in preoccipital ring elongate, large; occipital ring brachiopod-rich, crinoidal sparites at locality 4 very narrow, not protruding medially; eyes very (latest Emsian patulus Zone or earliest Eifelian large and high, reaching to the posterior border partitus Zone). The specimen exhibits a row of 6 furrow. Pygidium with narrow, high axis; axial spines of equal length on the anterior border. This ring and pleural furrows deep. feature occurs in some otarionines such as O. davidsoni Barrande 1852 and was earlier considered Description diagnostic of Otarionella Weyer 1965; it is now Cephalon with a broad subtrapezoidal, low, considered to be a paedomorphic feature (Adrain flattened glabella with a vertically dipping anterior and Chatterton 1994), and Otarionella is accordingly lobe that does not overhang but covers the narrow, viewed as a younger synonym of Otarion. medially withdrawn anterior border (in dorsal view). Glabella defined laterally by slightly Phacopidae Hawle and Corda, 1847 outcurved dorsal furrows. Anterior and posterior corners of glabella blunt. SI continuously marked, Phacopinae Hawle and Corda, 1847 curved forward and shallowing medially. Preoccipital ring well developed, exhibiting an Phacops Emmrich, 1839 elevated, elongate median lobe protruding forwards medially, and low, small, moderately Phacops (Phacops) Emmrich, 1839 swollen lateral lobes. Occipital furrow straight, of Type Species even depth. Occipital ring rather narrow, stra Calymmene latifrons Bronn, 1825 ght, prominent, as broad (sagitally) as the preoccipi al ring, not protruding medially, as high as the g labella. Eyes very large, extending to posterior bor Phacops ( Phacops ) brocki n. sp. der furrow, as high as the posterior glabella. Figures 4H, L, P, Q Palpebral lobe narrow, horizontal, arched traversely, with shallow, curved palpebral furrow. Name Visual surface steeply inclined, kidney-shaped with For Or Glenn Brock of Macquarie University 17 dorsoventral files of eye-lenses, with a maximum Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology number of 10 lenses in a row in large specimens (for 76 R. Feist, J.A. Talent

r,....·.... ,.. -~-:• ',~ '1l I' • "_._~"'. ,~ .~~.~~, ':~';''''.. ~~'-",-.- ... ~' . , ":;;...~,. ~ .~,~.~,( "- ~" ~, ... ~ .~. 1"",1...,,-~ ".'''---'..-' ....,.' . ~'.: ,~ . ~' '; B c A

o E

M L

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) R s T u I Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 77 example, from front to rear, 7899 10 9 10 9 9 9 9 8 unidentified species of Plzacops, AMF1l2541, has 7 6 5 4 2), yielding a total of 130 lenses. Lens-files been recovered from a decalcified marlstone start shortly above base of eye which is surrounded nodule, associated with AlIlacoplellra sp., at locality by a large, shallow depression. Posterior genal field 5 in the Mytton Formation in the Page Creek area swollen between palpebral furrow and dorsal (see earlier for discussion of age of matrix at this furrow. Outer genal field narrow, uninflated, locality). moderately down-sloping; genal corners blunt. Remarkable features of the specimen are the very Vincular furrow very shallow and large medially. flat, evenly forwardly expanding glabella with a Prosopon consisting of low tubercles of medium rather low, dorso-ventrally flattened frontal lobe and size on glabella and occipital lobe. Pygidium backwardly displaced, large eyes that are higher than semielliptical in posterior outline, with axis rather the glabella. Conceivably it is from a new species, high and narrow, a little broader than half of one but is poorly preserved; additional material IS pleural region. Dorsal furrows straight, converging necessary for adequate delineation of the species. very gradually; end of axis elevated, higher than pleural regions. Axial rings 8 + 1, narrow, elevated, separated by straight, deep ring furrows. Pleural Phacopidae indet. region homogenously arched, with 5-6 pleural ribs Figure 4G, J clearly defined by deep pleural furrows. Prosopon tuberculate. Remarks An unidentified phacopid cephalon, was Remarks recovered from a small siliceous nodule in late The combination of features such as low, non Emsian age (serotinus Zone) shales outcropping in protruding glabella, outwardly convex dorsal the gully at locality 7. The specimen is preserved as furrows, very large, backwardly extending eyes, an internal mould. Glabella very low and flat, and narrow, medially non- protruding occipital lobe narrow, subpentagonal, with a medially pointed, are characteristic of the new, first mid-Devonian dorso-ventrally compressed frontal lobe that phacopid reported from Australia. European strongly overhangs the anterior border. Border species from the Givetian with comparably large furrow faint, retreated on ventral side behind the eyes, such as Phacops (Phacops) sobolewi Kielan 1954 tip of the glabella. Vincular furrow shallow but or Pedinopariops simulator Basse 1998, have continuously marked, strongly arched adaxially. rectilinear diverging dorsal furrows and medially Medially very high occipital lobe that is higher than enlarged occipital rings. A similar configuration of the glabella. Preoccipital intercalating ring broad flexed dorsal furrows, medially broadening with suppressed median lobe (on internal mould intercalating ring and narrow occipital ring is there is a large, gorge-like depression) and small, developed in Toxophacops (Zhusilengops) ejinensis low lateral lobes. Very high eyes, backward shifted, Zhou and Campbell from the Emsian of western reaching to the posterior border furrow, anteriorly Inner Mongolia. However, this echinophacopid intruding into the dorsal furrows, slightly species differs from P. (P.) brocki in having a highly impinging on the anterior sides of glabella (on arched anterior border and triangular pygidium. internal mould only?). Visual surface steeply sloping, with 17 lens files with a maximum of 6 lenses per file. Palpebral lobes reniform, horizontal, Phacops sp. as high as the glabella. Genal angles pointed, Figure 4C, E probably with short spines.

Remarks Remarks An exfoliated, fragmental cephalon of an The general outline of the glabella, the ventrally

.... Figure 4 Trilobites from the Broken River Group, N Queensland. The material is housed in the collections of the Australian Museum, Sydney (AM). All figured specimens were coated with Mgo. A, B, D, F, I, K, M, N, R- V mawsonae n.gen. et n. sp A, V, holotype, cranidium. AMF1l2505, dorsal view (A) x 5.9; lateral view x 5.9; B, cranidium, AMF1l2507, fragment of anterior part, dorsal view x 7; D, K, S, pygidium, AMF1l251O, posterior view (D) x 8; dorsal view (K):7.3; lateral view (S) x 8; F, R, cranidium, AMF1l2506, dorsal view (F): x 7.6; lateral view (R) x 7.6; I, T, pygidium, AMF1l2509, dorsal view (I) x 7.6; lateral view (T) x 7.4; M, librigena, AMF112508, partially exfoliated, dorsal view: x 6.3; N, pygidium, AMF1l2511, dorsal viex: x 78. C, E, Phacops sp., cranidium, AMF1l2541, internal mould, dorsal view (C) x 7.7; frontal view (E): x 7.9. G,], Phacopidae gen. et sp. indet., cranidium, AMF1l2542, internal mould, dorsal view (G) x 5.1; frontal vIew (J) x 4.9. H, L, P, Q, Phacops (Phacops) brocki n. sp. H, L, cephalon, AMFl12536, partly exfoliated, lateral view (H) x 28; dorsal view (L) x 2.8; P, Q, holotype, entire enrolled specimen, AMFl12535, partly exfoliated; cer, 11:' Inn. dorsal view (Q) x 3; pygidium and posterior thoracic region, exfoliated, dorsal view (P) x 2.2. 78 R. Feist, J.A. Talent

situated anterior border furrow, and high Age: No older than late Givetian (hermanni posteriorly shifted eyes bring to mind species of Zone, conceivably disparilis or norrisi Zones). Toxophacops (Atopophacops ) Zhou and Campbell Trilobites: Phacops (Phacops) brocki n. sp. from Inner Mongolia and especially T. LOCALITY 2. Papilio Formation on stratigraphic (Atopophacops ) sp. indel. (Zhou and Campbe1l1990: section SO 128 of Mawson and Talent (1989). PI. 5, Figure 12 ) which is approximately the same Trilobites obtained during initial sampling of age (late Emsian). However, representatives of the section, labelled interval B-C, from 50-70 Atopophacops all have an elevated median lobe in m along a metric tape from the top of the Oosey the preoccipital intercalating ring and have strong Limestone. tuberculation. Both features are lacking in our Age: Latest Eifelian (kockelianus Zone) to specimen. Confident location in Atopophacops possibly earliest Givetian (hemiansatus Zone). requires more and better material as well as a Trilobites: Scutellum tenuistriatum n. sp. pygidium. LOCALITY 3. Undifferentiated Broken River Group on stratigraphic section Br BB of Sloan et al. (1995: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Table 8, Text-fig. 8). Section commenced at the Part of the trilobite material forming the basis of top of the Shield Creek Formation and was the present report was accumulated as a by-product oriented to cross a prominent 13 m limestone of many years of field work in the Broken River lens (Sloan et al. (1995) interpreted as a region focused on conodont- and brachiopod carbonate fan extending from the Oosey biostratigraphy and palaeoecology funded by Craigee Platform into the Burges Submarine Australian Research Council and Macquarie Valley. University research grants to JAT and Ruth Age: Late Eifelian (?australis Zone). Mawson. Postgraduate students participated in Trilobites: some these field ventures and, with an eye for At 216 m: Proetus (Devonoproetus) sparsinodosus trilobites, helped augment these collections. RF is n. sp. Comuproetinae gen. et sp. indel., This is grateful to Macquarie University for a research approximately 2.3 m stratigraphically above grant enabling him to undertake field work with the base of the fan. JAT and Ruth Mawson and other MUCEP At 214.5 m: Astycoryphe sp., Phacops sp., Proetus colleagues, particularly Brett Pyemont, Ken Bell and (Devonoproetus) latimargo n. sp. This is Ross Orury, focusing on a quest for trilobites. This approximately 1 m above the base of the fan. considerably augmented the collections of this LOCALITY 4. Prominent carbonate interval in the sparse component in the diverse faunas of the undifferentiated Broken River Group Broken River Group. We are indebted to Ruth interpreted as a carbonate fan extending Mawson for the conodont-based age northwards into the Burgess Submarine Valley determinations, Glenn Brock for sorting out the (referred to informally as the "Fish Hill trilobites in the voluminous Broken River limestone") on stratigraphic section Br 15 of collections, Dean Oliver who made the drawings, Sloan et al. (1995: Text-fig. 8, Tables lOA, lOB) Michel Pons (Montpellier) for printing the at 348 m along a metric tape from the top of the photographs of the trilobites, and to our anonymous Shield Creek Formation - approximately 8 m reviewers for helpful suggestions. This is a above the base of the "Fish Hill limestone". contribution to ISEM, UMR 5554 CNRS (pubI. 99 Age: Latest Emsian (patulus Zone) or earliest 069) and to IGCP 421 North Gondwana mid-Palaeozoic Eifelian (partitus Zone). bioventlbiogeography patterns in relation to crustal Trilobites: Burgesina mawsonae n. sp., Proetus dynamics. (Devonoproetus) latimargo n. sp., Proetinae gen. et sp. indel., Otarion sp. APPENDIX: LOCALITY REGISTER LOCALITY 5. Spanner Limestone Member of Papilio Locality numbers refer to locations on Figure 1. Formation on stratigraphic section SO 216 of LOCALITY 1. Uppermost Papilio Formation on Mawson and Talent (1989), cf. Sloan et al. (1995: stratigraphic section S0210 at spot-sample Table 6). Trilobites obtained from 145-146 m locality originally designated SO 43E. This along a metric tape (equivalent to locality (not shown on Mawson and Talent approximately 80 m thickness) from the base of 1989, Figure 5) is in Storm Dam Creek where it the Spanner Member. meets the base of the Mytton Formation in the Age: Late Givetian (hermanni Zone or possibly upper part of the widespread, approximately 1 slightly younger). m calcareous interval referred to by Mawson Trilobites: Phacops (Phacops) brocki n. sp. and Talent (1989) informally as the "Cinderella LOCALITY 6. Low Mytton Formation, 24.7 to 30 m limestone". above the top of the Stanley Limestone Member Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 79

of the Papilio Formation, same horizon as Chatterton, B.D.E., Johnson, B. D. and CampbelI, K. S. W. producing charophytes (M. Feist et al. this (1979). Silicified Lower Devonian trilobites from New volume). South Wales. Palaeontology 22: 799-837. Age: Postdating entry of IcriodllS symmetriclls Cooper, G.A. and Cloud, P.E. (1938). New Oevonian and thus more likely early Frasnian rather than Fossils from Calhoun County, Illinois. JOllrnal of latest Givetian, but caution has been suggested Paleontology 12: 444-460. (Mawson and Talent 1997). Erben, H.K. (1967). Bau der Segmente und der Trilobites: Au/acop/eum sp., Phacops sp. Randbestachelung im Pygidium der Scutelluidae (Tril.). NClles Jahrbllch fiir Geologie lInd Paliiontologle, LOCALITY 7. Undifferentiated Broken River Group Abhandlllngen 129: 1-64. mudrock in gully approximately 15 m east of Feist, M., Feist, R, Mawson, R, and Talent, J.A., 2000. the base of the "Fish Hill limestone" on First fossil charophytes from Australia: a Sycidiale sampled section Br 15 of Sloan et al. (1995). from the Frasnian (Late Devonian) Mytton Formation Age: Late Emsian (serotinlls Zone) - laterally of northeastern Australia. Records of the Western equivalent to part of the Bracteata Formation AlIstralian Musellm, Supplement 58 (this volume) farther south. Feist, R (1974). Devonische ScutelIuidae (Trilobitae) aus Trilobites: Phacopidae indet. der ostlichen Montagne Noire (Siidfrankreich). Palaeontographica A 147: 70-114. LOCALITY 8. Papilio Formation on stratigraphic Holloway, D.J. (1996). New Early Oevonian styginid section SO 130 of Mawson and Talent (1989). trilobites from Victoria, Australia, with revision of 223 m and 243 m along a metric tape above the some spinose styginids. JOllrnal ofPaleontology 70: 428 top of the Oosey Limestone. 438. Age: Not well constrained by conodont data HolIoway, D.J. and Neil, J.V. (1982). Trilobites from the but stratigraphic position accords with late Mount Ida Formation (Late Silurian - Early Givetian. Devonian), Victoria. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Trilobites: Victoria 94: 133-154. At 223 m: Phacops (Phacops) brocki n. sp. Kielan, Z. (1954). Les trilobites mesodevoniens des Monts At 243 m: Scutellum tenuistriatllm n. sp. de Sainte-Croix. Palaeontologia Polonica 6: 1-50. Lieberman, B. (1994). Evolution of the Trilobite Subfamily Proetinae Salter 1864, and the origin, diversification, REFERENCES evolutionary affinity, and extinction of the Middle Oevonian proetid fauna of eastern North America. Adrain, J.M. (1997). Proetid trilobites from the Silurian Bulletin of the American Museum ofNatural History 223: (Wenlock-Ludlow) of the Cape Phillips Formation, 1-176. Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Palaeontographica Italica Li.itke, F. (1990). Contribution to a phylogenetical 84: 21-111. classification of the subfamily Proetinae Salter 1864 Adrain, J.M. and Chatterton, B.D.E. (1994). The (Trilobita). Senckenbergiana lethaea 71: 1-83. Aulacopleurid trilobite Otarion, with new species Mawson, R and Talent, J.A. (1989). Late Emsian-Givetian from the Silurian of Northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 68: 305-323. conodont stratigraphy and biofacies - carbonate slope and offshore shoal to lagoon and nearshore carbonate Alberti, GKB. (1966). Ober einige Trilobiten aus dem ramp - Broken River, north Queensland, Australia. Silurium und Devon, besonders von Marokko. COl/rler Forscllllngsinstitl/t Senckenberg 117: 205-259. Senckenbergiana lethaea 47: 111-121. Mawson, R. and Talent, J.A. (1997). Famennian Archinal, A. (1994). 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