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Devonian Trilobites from the Broken River Region of Northeastern Australia

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Devonian Trilobites from the Broken River Region of Northeastern Australia Records of the Western Australian Must'lll11 Supplement No. 58: 65~80 (2000). Devonian trilobites from the Broken River region of northeastern Australia Raimund Feistl and John A. TalenF lInstitut des Sciences de l'Evolution, UMR 5554 du CNRS, Universite de Montpellier 11, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 05, France 2 Macquarie University Centre for Ecostratigraphy and Palaeobiology (MUCEP), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, Australia Abstract - The Broken River Group in northeastern Queensland has produced the first Middle Devonian trilobites from Australia. With the exception of an undetermined phacopid from Emsian shales, all faunas were recovered from earliest Eifelian through Givetian to ?earliest Frasnian shallow water bioclastic limestones and marlstones. The specifically determinable part of the material consists entirely of five new taxa: Proetus (Devonoproetlls) sparsinodosus (Eifelian), Proetlls (Devonoproetus) latil11argo (Eifelian), Burgesina l11awsonae (Eifelian), Seutellum tenuistriatum (Givetian) and Pllacops (Phaeops) broeki (Givetian) A new genus of proetine, Burgesina, with type species B. mawsonae n. sp. is proposed. Preliminary palaeogeographical comparisons suggest only weak linkages with typical North Gondwanan faunas from Bohemia, southwestern Europe and North Africa. By contrast, the trilobites from the Broken River region are closely related to faunas from Inner Mongolia. INTRODUCTION (compare Figures 1 and 2). Sediments in the latter Middle Devonian trilobites have not previously consist of a stratigraphically cryptic complex of recorded from Australia. The youngest previously mudrocks and subordinate arenites with debris recorded were from the Taemas Group of flows, olistoliths and carbonate fans. The southeastern New South Wales (Chatterton 1971); sedimentary complex in the Burges Submarine these are no younger than mid-Emsian, Valley has been referred to as the Burges Formation appoximately perbonus-inversus zones (R. Mawson, (Withnall et al. 1988, 1993: 116-122) but, largely pers. comm.). Trilobites are herein recorded for the because of lack of stratigraphic differentation, has first time from the Middle Devonian of Australia ­ been referred to in subsequent publications, as well from seven localities in the Broken River Group of as herein, as. undifferentiated Broken River Group northeastern Queensland - from the late Emsian (Sloan et al. 1995). The debris flows and carbonate (serotinus Zone), late Eifelian (kockelianus Zone), fans have been built out into the Burges Submarine various levels in the Givetian, and one possibly Valley primarily from the Dosey-Craigie Platform. earliest Frasnian (Figure 1) All come from localities The best material has come from these carbonate (see Appendix) in the Broken River Group on the fans. WandoVale and Burges 1:100,000 topographic sheets south of Greenvale, in the Townsville hinterland of northeastern Australia. TRILOBITE FAUNAS Most of the material is inadequate, either because of poor preservation or because of an insufficient STRATIGRAPHIC CONTEXT number of exoskeletal pieces with characteristics The late Emsian-early Frasnian Broken River that would allow specific or even generic Group (Mawson and Talent 1989; Sloan et al. 1995; attribution. With the exception of a single phacopid Withnall et al. 1992, 1993) cropping out widely in from a siliceous nodule in late Emsian shales the Broken River region (Figure 1) can be viewed as (Bracteata Formation) and a faunule from ?early consisting of two platform areas with shallow-water Frasnian but possibly latest Givetian decalcified sequences, the Dosey-Craigie and Pandanus mudstone (Mytton Formation), the Broken River Platforn1s, in the south and northwest respectively trilobites are from bioclastic crinoidal limestones (Mawson and Talent 1989; Sloan et al. 1995), and marlstones in the above-mentioned carbonate separated by a northeasterly directed tract of deeper fans. The lithologies include algae indicating a water sediments, the Burges Submarine Valley shallow water context (or shallow water derivation) 66 R. Feist, J.A. Talent 144°40' rv::-vl 500km ~ Cainozoic basalts ==--==-= [2] Mytton Formation· mudstone and arenites Papilio Formation mudstones with subordinate [ID nodular limestone, includes Spanner Limestone Mbr. and oolitic Stanley Member Dosey Limestone Storm Hill Sandstone Bracteata Formation mudstones with minor arenites and rare carbonates - ::::: \ .. discontinuity I, I'. " -~ ~:g~~~~}[~ ~r:~~~~~:~:~~ij~:~':~o~~~~~~~~~~annt ,:,;/' "" "., limestone lenses northeast of the map area ",.'1 (Lochkovian • Pragian) Transitional - limestones to shale, arenites and conglomerates (folded) "" S0192 S021 • S01928 .:' 19°30' ./ 19°30' I,.." " '.'. "., ..........q,e, .. ' {) (). ...,:. \. -,' Figure 1 Stratigraphic units in portion of the Broken River area of northeastern Australia, simplified from mapping by Mawson and Talent (1989), Withnall and Lang (1992) and Sloan et al. (1995). in which trilobites tend normally to be extremely limestones. The Givetian brachiopod- and coral-rich rare. Interestingly, the identifiable part of the marlstones have produced a few entire phacopids, collections consists entirely of new taxa. Our typical of quiet-water, muddy habitats. All the collections are very poor in individuals; they are trilobites have rather large, protruding eyes ­ mostly present - especially in the case of the typical for shallow platform environments. Eifelian ones - as detached, often fragmented pieces Two associations were encountered in the late of carapace accumulated in downslope-transported Eifelian (kockelianus Zone) where four families are debris-flows derived from presumably reefal represented (phacopids, proetids, tropidocoryphids Devonian trilobites from northeastern Australia 67 SILURIAN DEVONIAN EARLY MIDDLE LATE Ludlow ~ Lochkov. Prag. Emsian Eifelian Givetian Frasnian is: (f) r-- 0 I g I x@ C -i ; I ~ I I ~ C g I I 0 =:3 I ii;' I (/l Cl) ;; I ~ I '< 3 I =? I :: I ~ I ()... llol 0' '" I ii;' I I§ I::J I (.Q I~ ai' I g- I '"0 Q) Q. -0... tJ> )1: (') 3 ! ~ OJ o c =:3 "3: cO 0 ~. o ::l .., "Tl "Tl 0 0 3 3 V ~ ~ 0' 0' ::l b~~ ::l 0",- C:l> • .. ~Iit-g. ); 30(I):::r ~1§1 !e.o o~ ~g;; :>(1)(1)(1) g 6- 0 r 3:"" '"0 \3'3: ~ r::r llol ~~ ,.. 6 (I) III :::l 8"'" g' !e.a :>~:> 0:> I a. lit g:.; :>'" llol (I)~ :::l I;;"iir 3:(1) I c: CD ~. r::r=,.. (/l rbl g>~ 5.~ c :>:> '"0 0:;- 0.':_" llol ~= 3==sIII !e.o " o ~ , (1)(1)'3 (1)3 :>(1) o Ill", ~ !e.(I) (1)(1) - :::l..- 00. -... (j)'g iil3 "" !e.(I) en :;' 3 Q -- ~ "---.--'''---.--'' '- .,,::tl ."C/l III (') 3!!!. 3=. Broken River Group z 7C' :>'tl ::lCl o ." :::r is: ::0 3 !! (') -i :::l a 7C' I Figure 2 Schematic north-south cross-section of the Broken River area of northeastern Australia, from the Dosey­ Craigie Platform in the south to the Pandanus Platform in the north, showing Ludlow-Frasnian units and relative stratigraphic position of localities from which late Emsian-?early Frasnian trilobites documented here have been obtained (modified from Sloan et al. 1995), Note the southern and northern carbonate platforms and the intervening submarine valley (Burgess Submarine Valley) with undifferentited Broken River clastics with carbonate fans (at localities 3 and 4), debris flows and olistoliths, Note also that the Stanley Limestone Member is shown as extending very slightly above the Givetian-Frasnian boundary on the basis of meagre, though not compelling conodont data, and that locality 6, low in the Mytton Formation, is separated from the Stanley Limestone Member by a break in sedimentation of uncertain duration, 68 R. Feist, l.A. Talent and aulacopleurids), two associations in the early to Description mid-Givetian Papilio Formation (phacopids and Pygidium moderately vaulted, elongate scutelluids), and one in the Mytton Formation (with pentagonal in outline (width to length == 2.9:2.6) phacopids and aulacopleurids). Due to the with, in lateral view, the proximal third of the stratigraphic position and the depositional pleural field flattened with a slightly depressed environment, the fauna is different in composition median rib and a moderately elevated small axis from all previously described trilobite faunas from declining forward. Pleural field vaulted Australia. Preliminary palaeobiogeographical medially, with a markedly flexed median rib; comparisons reveal only mild affinity with typical outer part gently sloping to broad border North Gondwanan faunas from Bohemia, depression; border flat and horizontal. Axis southwestern Europe or North Africa. The scutelluid triangular in dorsal view, sharply separated seems to be closer related to Avalonian, especially from the pleural field by a continuous dorsal Rhenish forms, whereas the phacopids and the proetids furrow, and with narrow median lobe not are unusual; they appear to have some traits in reaching the dorsal furrow. Doublure two-thirds common with Mongolian taxa. More material is needed the length of the pleural field (sagitally). Seven to complete knowledge of the identified taxa and to pairs of pleural ribs and a broader unbifurcated enable specific assignment of the several taxa for which median rib, all cylindrical in their adaxial third, specific and even generic location is problematic. flattened to the rear, reaching the posterolateral borders, sharply defined by narrow and deep interpleural furrows. Median rib, twice as broad SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY as the adjacent ribs at its posterior end, tapers continuously to the anterior border of the Family
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