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Telmatobius Macrostomus - Reserva Nacional De Junin Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú Facultad de Ciencias Forestales y del Ambiente Calidad del hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus - Reserva Nacional de Junin Palacios Zamudio, Walter Jesus Huancayo 2020 Esta obra está bajo licencia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Repositorio Institucional - UNCP UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DEL CENTRO DEL PERÚ FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS FORESTALES Y DEL AMBIENTE TESIS “CALIDAD DEL HABITAT DE Telmatobius macrostomus - RESERVA NACIONAL DE JUNIN” PRESENTADA POR EL BACHILLER: WALTER JESUS PALACIOS ZAMUDIO PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE: INGENIERO FORESTAL Y AMBIENTAL HUANCAYO - PERU 2020 Dr. Ricardo, MENACHO LIMAYMANTA CIP 28403 ASESOR: II DEDICACIÓN A Dios, por guiar mis pasos en mi vida. A María Zamudio, Luis Bonilla, mis padres por todas las enseñanzas, amor y apoyo incondicional del día a día. A Sandra de la O y José Mateo por el impulso de mi vida III AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Dr. Ricardo Menacho Limaymanta, por el acompañamiento ofrecido durante la ejecución de la tesis. Al Biólogo. Alan Chamorro Cuestas, por el coasesoramiento categórico y la amistad sincera. Al Ing. Cesar García Rondinel, por el ánimo y soporte en la ejecución de la tesis. A la Reserva Nacional de Junín, por las facilidades brindadas durante la ejecución del tesis, a través de sus funcionarios Ronald Medrano Yanqui, Rolando Uribe de la Cruz, Melecio winy Arias Lopez. A todos mis amigos, colegas, y de igual manera a cada una de ustedes por el apoyo, para poder cristalizar la investigación presente. IV ÍNDICE RESUMEN ................................................................................................................................................ IX I. INTRODUCCION ............................................................................................................................. 1 II. REVISIÓN BIBLIOGRÁFICA ........................................................................................................ 3 2.1 ANTECEDENTES .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.2 MARCO LEGAL. ........................................................................................................................... 9 2.3 ANTECEDENTES GENERALES DE LOS ANFIBIOS. .......................................................... 11 2.4 CARACTERISTICAS GENERALES DE Telmatobius macrostomus (Peters, 1973) ............. 29 2.5 Definición: ..................................................................................................................................... 40 2.6 Calidad de Hábitat. ....................................................................................................................... 41 2.7 Factores que definen la calidad de hábitat. ................................................................................ 42 III. MATERIALES Y METODOS ....................................................................................................... 45 3.1 LUGAR DE EJECUCIÓN ........................................................................................................... 45 3.2 DESCRIPCIÓN DEL LUGAR DE ESTUDIO .......................................................................... 45 3.3 MATERIALES, EQUIPOS E INSUMOS. ................................................................................. 50 3.4 CARACTERISTICA METODOLÓGICA ................................................................................. 51 3.5 PROCEDIMIENTO. .................................................................................................................... 53 IV. RESULTADOS ................................................................................................................................ 58 4.1 Descripción del Hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus. .............................................................. 58 4.2 Agrupamiento de los puntos evaluados mediante similitudes de factores ambientales, utilizando distancias euclinianas. .................................................................................................................. 60 4.3 Análisis de Componentes principales. ......................................................................................... 61 4.4 Cuantificación de la disponibilidad de la población de Taphius sp, Orestia sp. y Chlorophyta.64 4.5 Características fisicoquímicas que presenta el agua. ................................................................. 65 4.6 Cuantificación del porcentaje de cobertura vegetal superficial. ............................................... 66 4.7 Área de los transectos acuáticos evaluados................................................................................. 67 4.8 Censo de los individuos de Telmatobius macrostomus. .............................................................. 68 V. DISCUSION ..................................................................................................................................... 69 5.1 Hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus. ....................................................................................... 69 5.2 Cobertura vegetal del Hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus. ................................................... 70 5.3 Calidad de agua del Hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus. ...................................................... 70 5.4 Espacio disponible del Hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus.................................................. 71 5.5 Descripción de calidad de hábitat de Telmatobius macrostomus a través de ACP. ............... 71 VI. CONCLUSIONES ........................................................................................................................... 72 V VII. RECOMENDACIONES ................................................................................................................. 74 VIII. REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS ........................................................................................... 75 IX. Anexos. .............................................................................................................................................. 80 Índice de Figuras Figura 1 Proceso de metamorfosis y anatomía interna de un anfibio (Denti, 1988). ............................................ 15 Figura 2 Estado actual de los anfibios en el mundo. ............................................................................................. 18 Figura 3 Distribución global de las especies de anfibios ...................................................................................... 19 Figura 4 Mapas de Diversidad de anfibios y Distribución de Especies Amenazadas en Perú. (Conservación Internacional et al, 2008). ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Figura 5 cabeza de T. macrostomus, Ninacaca - Pasco diciembre 2012 .............................................................. 30 Figura 6 ojos de T. macrostomus, Ninacaca - Pasco diciembre 2012………………………………………………...31 Figura 7 piel e T. macrostomus, Ninacaca - Pasco diciembre 2012…………………………………………………..33 Figura 8 Extremidades de T. macrostomus, Ninacaca Pasco diciembre 2012......................................................34 Figura 9 Fotografías del aparato reproductor de T. macrostomus, Ninacaca - Pasco diciembre 2012. .............. 35 Figura 10 Primeros estadios de desarrollo metamórfico de T. macrostomus ....................................................... 39 Figura 11 ciclo biológico de T. macrostomus (tomado de centro de rescate y producción de renacuajos de “rana gigante de Junín” – Huayre - Junin), noviembre 2012. .............................................................................................. 40 Figura 12 Similitud de puntos evaluados mediante distancias euclinianas ........................................................... 60 Figura 13 Componentes principales en relación al porcentaje de varianza ......................................................... 61 Figura 14: Dispersión de los puntos monitoreados según componente 1 y 2 ........................................................ 62 Figura 15: Correlación de variables en relación al componente 2 ....................................................................... 63 Figura 16 población disponible de alimentos ........................................................................................................ 64 Figura 17 Parámetros físico – Químicos del agua ................................................................................................ 65 Figura 18 Cobertura Superficial .......................................................................................................................... 66 Figura 19 Area disponible ......................................... ……………………………………………………………………67 Figura 20 Numero de individuos por punto ............... ……………………………………………………………………68 VI Figura 21 Calibracion de equipo multiparametrico .............................................................................................. 80 Figura 22 Punto Chacachimpa de muestreo de agua ............................................................................................ 80 Figura 23 Tomando datos del Punto Chacachimpa de muestreo de agua ............................................................ 81 Figura 24 Recolección de moluscos mediante proporción de masa de materia extraida ...................................... 81 Figura 25 Recolección de de algas
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