No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 з ^Ш^ШШ^ШШі:ШШШШ. world community stops taking us seriously because we dable role in the Conference on Security and Ukraine in 1994: do not know how to keep and execute our obligations," Cooperation in Europe and the United Nations, in the he said. latter part of the year, as Ukraine began taking serious The security issue was finally resolved late in the steps toward reform, it gained the attention of the a year of changes year when President Kuchma traveled to Budapest for a international Monetary Fund and the World Bank, two CSCE summit on December 5. "it's hard to overesti– institutions that will play a crucial role in Ukraine in or Ukraine, 1994 was a year of changes, as this mate the importance of the event that has just taken 1995, if indeed reforms do take off. vast, potentially rich and prosperous country of place," said President Kuchma in Budapest after signing The European Union expressed a desire for closer Fnearly 53 million located in the heart of Europe the NPT and receiving security assurances from the ties with Ukraine on February 7, as it aimed to finalize elected a new president, struggled to elect a new United States, Russia and Great Britain. The French and an agreement on partnership and cooperation with Parliament, and finally began to contend with its biggest Chinese governments gave Ukraine the same assur– Ukraine. The accord was finally signed by President dilemmas: a rusting nuclear arsenal, a stagnant economy, ances: to respect the territorial integrity and indepen– Kravchuk in Luxembourg on June 14. The aim of the a restive autonomous republic in the south and an aggres– dence of Ukraine, reaffirm their obligation to refrain document is to lay the groundwork for a widening free- sive, imperialistic "big brother" to the north. from the use or threat of use of force against Ukraine, trade zone in Europe, after an EU evaluation on the After waffling on such issues as the future of its except in self-defense. The memorandum presented to progress of reforms in 1998. nuclear weapons and a collapsing economy, Ukraine President Kuchma also stated that the nuclear powers But, the EU's first real gesture of support came late began making significant progress in these areas in will refrain from economic coercion and, in the case.of in the year, on December 5 in Brussels, with a loan of 1994 after Leonid Kuchma assumed office as Ukraine's aggression toward Ukraine, the nuclear states will seek 3108 million to pave the way for an international rescue second president on July 10. immediate action via the United Nations Security plan to help Ukraine with its balance of payments in the "The first government was more interested in politics Council. They pledged also not to use nuclear weapons fourth quarter of 1994. than policy," says one Western analyst based in Kyyiv. against any non-nuclear state party to the NPT treaty. in keeping with the January Tripartite Agreement, Mr. Kravchuk talked about the challenge of construct– Throughout 1994, the West had courted Ukraine, the U.S. government attempted to spur economic recov– ing a state and reforming the economy, but did not quite promising economic aid if it gave up its nukes. ery in Ukraine, presenting a program specifically geared understand that after three years of a decaying national U.S. Defense Secretary William Perry visited to establishing an enterprise fund for Ukraine to stimu– economy, only market reforms and hope for a better life Ukraine for the first time on March 23, promising Si00 late U.S. business investment and aid privatization on could guarantee Ukraine's independence. million for continued denuclearization, military conver– May 5. Nicholas Burns of the U.S. National Security To give credit where it is rightfully due, the govern– sion and housing for soldiers. During this historic visit Council headed the delegation that included representa– ment of Leonid Kravchuk put Ukraine on the map. to Ukraine, he viewed Pervomaiske, Ukraine's nuclear tives from the Treasury Department, the Agency for independent Ukraine was recognized by over 150 states, weapons site, where he was awed by about 100 missiles international Development (USA1D) and the Overseas but members of the nuclear club worried what would with almost 800 warheads targeted at the U.S. Mr. Perry Private investment Corp. (ОРІС). happen if things got out of control in this, the third also confirmed that Ukraine was indeed keeping its Economic reform in Ukraine was stagnant during the largest nuclear power in the world. pledge to remove its warheads to Russia,. first half of the year, and it did not seem there would be Pressure was put on Ukraine to give up its nuclear arse– Another offer made by the United States was a place any change when President Kravchuk appointed vitaliy nal, but its Parliament would not accede to the Nuclear for Ukraine in the newly created NATO security net- Masol as prime minister. The Parliament approved the Non-Proliferation Treaty without security assurances, a work, the Parternship for Peace. nomination on June 16, just 10 days before presidential sticking point under negotiation throughout 1994. Ukraine joined the PFP on February 8, in Brussels, elections. The year began with U.S. President Bill Clinton visit– becoming the first member of the Commonwealth of Mr. Masol, 66, a former Communist, had held the ing Ukraine — for three hours — with a stopover at independent States to do so; it was the sixth Eastern position of prime minister prior to Ukraine's indepen– Boryspil Airport on January 12. it was to be an act of bloc state to join after Hungary, Poland, Lithuania, dence, but was ousted by student strikes and large-scale good will and, more importantly, a stimulus for Estonia and Romania. Foreign Minister Anatoliy protests in October 1990. Ukraine to give up its nuclear arsenal. President Zlenko signed the document formalizing membership, Although many interpreted the Masol appointment as Kravchuk joined Presidents Clinton and Boris Yeltsin calling it a "reasonable and pragmatic alternative to par– a way for Mr. Kravchuk to get Communist backing in on January 14 in Moscow and signed an agreement tial and selective NATO enlargement." the upcoming elections, few were fooled by his declara– committing Ukraine to eliminate its 176 intercontinental "We strongly appreciate the open nature of the pro- tion: "in order to get the government moving, 1 believe ballistic missiles and some 1,240 nuclear warheads tar– gram and the absence of any intentions to draw new he is the only real choice." geted at the U.S. and transfer them to Russia in return dividing lines in Europe," he said. Parliamentary elections had been held a year earlier for guarantees that included economic support and inte– "By providing for specific and practical cooperation than originally scheduled, in the hope that a new legisla– gration into a European security network. between NATO and Ukrainian forces, this partnership ture would speed up the pace of reform in Ukraine. "Should Ukraine's Parliament fully ratify START І can foster an integration of a broader Europe and Although the outgoing Parliament boasted quite a and join the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, a multi- increase the security of all nations," said President record of activities, passing 402 laws and 128 resolu– lateral agreement on security guarantees would be Clinton when he proposed the program, adding that tions in three years, it failed to adopt seven successive signed between the United States, Great Britain and membership in this program is the first step for any economic reform packages presented by the govern– Russia," said a Foreign Ministry spokesperson soon country that aspires to full NATO membership. ments of Prime Ministers vitold Fokin and Kuchma in after the meeting of Presidents Kravchuk, Yeltsin and But it wasn't only NATO that interested Ukraine, as 1991-1993. Clinton in Moscow. Kyyiv set its sites on integration into the European Many democrats had hoped that a new Parliament The Ukrainian Parliament agreed to review the issue Community and such organizations as the Council of would be more pro-reform, but the partial Parliament of START 1, the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, Europe, the European Union, and sought a more formi– convened on May 11 with 338 deputies seemed more which it had passed with 13 conditions in November 1993. Parliament lifted those conditions on February 3, approving a disarmament package that did not include accession to the NPT. The legislative branch underscored that START approval was not to be considered an end in itself, but a process toward increasing Ukraine's security. The issue would come up again and again in Parliament during 1994. On November 16, the Ukrainian Parliament finally acceded to the NPT by a vote of 301-8, but sought more security guarantees from the nuclear club of nations. The newly elected president of Ukraine played a weighty role in getting his nation's Supreme Council to ratify the long-stalled NPT on the eve of his visit to the United States. A former rocket scientist and director of the world's largest nuclear missile factory, Pivdenmash, Mr. Kuchma was persuasive in arguing that Ukraine should become a non-nuclear state. "Ukraine has no choice today on whether it should be nuclear or non-nuclear. That choice has been made," he said, explaining that Ukraine had pledged disarmament and non-proliferation in 1990, when it proclaimed itself a non-nuclear state. "Further delays in reaching a deci– sion, in my opinion, would lead to a situation where the

Author, author The articles in this special year-end issue of The Ukrainian Weekly were written by: The Ukrainian Weekly staff, Roma Hadzewycz, Marta Kolomayets, Khristina Lew, Roman Woronowycz, Andrij Wynnyckyj and ika Koznarska Casanova; and our colleagues, Marta Kolomayets Christopher Guly and Eugene iwanciw. August 2: vice-President АІ Gore speaks upon arrival at Kyyiv's Boryspil Airport. 4 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52 ШШШШШІІШШШШШШШ polarized. A complicated election law as well as voter the 1MF gave Ukraine a S365 million portion of a and S15; few people who work at state enterprises can burn-out — some went to vote nine times — made it promised S730 million ''systematic transformation facil– afford to put meat, at S2.50 a kilo, on the dinner table. cumbersome to elect people's deputies. ity" loan. Ukraine still is waiting for a "standby arrange– in order to move forward with economic reform, The eastern regions elected a majority of ment," which imposes stricter conditions but would give President Kuchma has placed heavy emphasis on Communists, Socialists and Agrarians, while the west– Ukraine another Si billion in exchange for the full free– stronger executive powers, issuing a draft law on divi– ern lands put democrats from myriad parties into office. ing of prices and a reduction of the budget deficit to 5 sion of powers, delineating the responsibilities of the Although there were 15 parties represented in the parlia– percent of the GDP or less. (Currently the deficit is executive, legislative and judicial branches of govern– mentary elections held in spring, many of the candidates about 20 percent.) ment, as well as local government, in effect, he has ran as independents. Once elected, the deputies formed it was not only the 1MF that wanted to help with eco– drafted a Small Constitution for Ukraine. nine factions, including the Communist, Socialist, nomic reform, the G-7 (U.S., Great Britain, France, Before it becomes legally binding, the document has Agrarian, Yednist, inter-Regional Bloc, Center, Reform, Germany, italy, Canada and Japan) leaders meeting in to be approved by the Parliament. This will be a major National Rukh and Statehood (Derzhavnist). The largest Naples on July 8-Ю, offered Ukraine an aid package of issue in 1995, for it is unlikely the Parliament will allow faction was the Communist bloc, followed by the S4.2 billion, including monies to shut down Chornobyl the president to be so powerful that he rules essentially Agrarians, thus the left continued to hold the most and provide the young country with the opportunity to by decree. power in the new Parliament. Nonetheless, the irre– qualify for large loans from the 1MF and the World Mr. Kuchma is determined, however, to have a new versible political restructuring of Ukrainian society had Bank. Promoted by President Clinton, the package Constitution adopted, if not by the Parliament, then by begun. awarded to Ukraine was conditioned on the implemen– referendum. A Constitutional Committee, with repre– it came as no surprise that Oleksander Moroz was tation of comprehensive economic reforms. sentatives from the Parliament and the president, was elected Parliament chairman on May 18; the head of the By late October, President Kuchma had secured a established on November 10 to move this process along. Socialist Party won handily over vasyl Durdynets, gar– Si.2 billion package in assistance from the G-7 coun– in the realm of economic policy, Mr. Kuchma nering 171 votes. (He needed 170 to win the position.) tries during a special economic conference held in appointed viktor Pynzenyk, who served as the deputy Left forces also captured key positions in the Winnipeg. Another S2.2 billion could be forthcoming in prime minister under Mr. Kuchma's prime ministership Parliament, chairing such influential committees as for– the new year, as the world's leading economic powers in 1992-1993, as first deputy prime minister in charge eign relations (Communist Boris Oliynyk) and defense help move Ukraine from a centrally planned economy of economic reform. (Socialist volodymyr Mukhin). to a market-driven capitalist system. Gennadiy Udovenko, who served as ambassador to Once elected, Mr. Moroz vowed to began the process Part of the success Mr. Kuchma has enjoyed in get- the United Nations during the days of the Ukrainian of conciliation. "The one word by which 1 explain my ting Western aid for the beleaguered Ukrainian econo– SSR and as Ukraine's ambassador to Poland during the feelings is responsibility. І hope that we will be able to my was due to the fact that he is a stubborn and prag– first years of Ukraine's independence, was named as work to resolve the critical issues that have put this matic leader who presented a program of radical reform Ukraine's foreign minister on August 25 and confirmed country in the dire situation it is in," he said. But, with to the Parliament — and had it approved. by the Parliament when it resumed its sessions on Mr. Moroz at the helm, the leftist bloc in Parliament He won the support of a number of Western leaders, September 15. A senior statesman, he replaced Anatoliy continued to postpone discussing issues to energize the among them U.S. Yice– President Al Gore, who arrived Zlenko, who was transferred to New York, where he economy. in Kyyiv on August 2, soon after Mr. Kuchma's elec– assumed the post of ambassador to the United Nations. The left wing managed to put a freeze on privatiza– tion. Although his visit to Ukraine was only six hours Dr. Yuriy Shcherbak was appointed ambassador to tion before the Parliament adjourned for the summer long, it was enough time to reaffirm America's commit– the United States on October 21, after serving two and a holidays, and that moratorium was not lifted until early ment to Ukraine and extend an invitation from President half years as Ukraine's ambassador to lsraei. He left for December. Privatization vouchers were delivered to Clinton for Mr. Kuchma to visit Washington in late Washington just weeks before President Kuchma's state Ukraine on December 2, and Ukraine's citizens will November. visit to the White House. begin investing their privatization certificates in state "There is a new intensity being brought to the mutual President Kuchma also appointed Ukraine's first civil– enterprises in early 1995. effort to improve the bilateral relationship between the ian to the post of defense minister, valeriy Shmarov, who Democrats did have one significant victory on two countries. A strong and prosperous and independent had served as Ukraine's deputy prime minister in charge November 10, when the powerful Communist Party of Ukraine is a stabilizing force for peace in Central Europe of the military industrial complex and defense conver– Ukraine, registered as a new political organization in and throughout the entire region," said Mr. Gore. sion, was approved by the Parliament in October. October, 1993, claimed that it was the successor of the vice– President Gore's visit to Ukraine was followed a Mr. Kuchma also decided to seriously tackle the prob– CPU, the Communist Party of Ukraine which was week later by a high-level U.S. delegation. The group, lem of corruption on a large scale; he appointed Yevhen banned during the coup of August 1991. The new CPU headed by Assistant Secretary of State James Collins and Marchuk, who had been the former minister of Ukraine's wanted to inherit the property and funds of the first Assistant Secretary of Defense Ashton Carter, spent two Security Service (the renamed KGB), as deputy prime CPU, but the democrats managed to ban the first CPU, days, August 10-11, outlining concrete programs for secu– minister in charge of fighting crime and corruption. putting the issue to rest once and for all. The victory did rity and economic cooperation between the countries. Recognizing the escalating problem of corruption on high not come easily, as the issue was reviewed twice in in order to reaffirm America's commitment to levels and the increasing crime rate, the Ukrainian Parliament with the democrats charging violations in Ukraine's independence, the American-Ukrainian Ministry of internal Affairs addressed these issues, as voting procedures. Advisory Committee met in Kyyiv on September 24. well as drug trafficking, during a weeklong international The committee, which boasts such members as conference in mid–August. The election of Leonid Kuchma Zbigniew Brzezinski, Henry Kissinger and George Among the first alleged criminals involved in gov– Leonid Kuchma was elected Ukraine's second presi– Soros on the American side and Deputy Foreign ernment corruption is Mr. Kuchma's successor as prime dent on Sunday, July 10, beginning a new era — for Minster Boris Tarasiuk, Deputy Prime Minister viktor minister in 1993, Yukhym Zviahilsky, who is accused better or worse — in Ukraine, it was a close race Pynzenyk, Economics Minister Roman Shpek and eco– of embezzling S25 million in state funds. Mr. between Mr. Kravchuk and Mr. Kuchma, defined by a nomics adviser volodymyr Lanovy on the Ukrainian Zviahilsky, currently in lsraei for medical treatment, stark regional divide: the industrialized east pulled for team, issued a communique that praised President was stripped of his legal immunity by the Parliament on closer ties with Russia, while the nationalistic west Kuchma's "courageous decision to take charge of eco– November 15. The Ukrainian government is beginning pushed for independent Ukraine's acceptance into the nomic policy." to crack down on other officials; an investigation of European community. A major step toward these long-delayed reforms Oleksander Tkachenko, the deputy chairman of Democrats worried that Mr. Kuchma would seek came on October 19. After nearly nine hours of debate, Parliament, is currently in progress. closer ties to Russia. Although he said he wanted to a vote of 231-54 cleared the way for free market Deputy Prime Minister Marchuk was busy also with build a strong, independent Ukraine, the more national– reforms previously blocked by Communist lawmakers, the issue of the Crimea and the Black Sea Fleet in the istic population in the western and central regions of and allowed Ukraine to free prices, reduce state subsi– second half of 1994. The trouble on Ukraine's restive Ukraine feared that once an economic union was signed dies, overhaul the tax system and push ahead with pri– peninsula began in January, when Yuriy Meshkov was with Ukraine's northern neighbor, a political union, vatization, including private land ownership. elected president of the Crimea. He began his tenure by once again putting Ukraine under Moscow's watchful "There is no going back to the Soviet Union," calling a referendum on the Crimea's independence dur– eye, could not be far behind. President Kuchma warned Parliament members, in an ing elections to the national Parliament on March 27. "As president of Ukraine, 1 will always work in the hour long speech, he told lawmakers that Ukraine "is on Although the Ukrainian government labeled the referen– interests of Ukraine as a whole, not in the interests of the verge of catastrophe," and there is no option other dum unconstitutional and President Kravchuk issued a separate regions," said the president-elect, just one day than his proposed program. decree on March 15, Mr. Meshkov continued to take after his victory. Marking his first 100 days in office, he said on steps to get closer to Russia, including decreeing that "The first thing 1 want is national reconciliation. October 31: "1 will be uncompromising on two issues the peninsula's clocks run on Moscow time. What has been done during this presidential marathon is with the Parliament: 1 will not back down from the radi– Although Mr. Meshkov began what seemed to be a a crime. To say there is confrontation between the west cal reform program and 1 will insist on strong executive successful campaign for secession from Ukraine, he and east is a political game." powers." started losing ground as Russian senior officials refused Mr. Kuchma began his presidency by showing that Mr. Kuchma said that Ukraine would suffer through to meet with him when he traveled to Moscow in he was serious about economic reform. Just days after its last, most difficult testing period and then promised February. And the world community was on the side of he assumed the country's top post, he met with Michel that it would emerge as a country "worthy of our labor- Ukraine, as at least eight countries sent messages of Camdessus, managing director of the international loving people, our grand past, our children and our support to Ukraine, suggesting that the Crimean issue is Monetary Fund, who hailed the election of Mr. Kuchma grandchildren." an internal problem for Ukraine to resolve. and said: "We now have a clear window of opportunity With inflation running over 70 percent in November, By late May, Mr. Meshkov and the Crimean for action." the karbovanets trading at 130,000 to the dollar (it Parliament were working to adopt a Constitution that the The 1MF director said that during the next two should be noted that the official bank rate of exchange Crimea, an autonomous republic of Ukraine, had original– months the fund would work with Ukrainian govern– and the street market rate were merging as the year ly approved in May 1992, but which had been suspended ment officials to help them deal with such problems as ended), unemployment up and industrial production by order of the Ukrainian parliament four months later. the inflation rate, stabilization of the economy and liber– down, the citizens of Ukraine wished that the testing This charter would allow Crimea to form its own military alization of prices, in return for unifying the exchange period was nearing a close. forces, and to deal with Ukraine on the basis of treaties, as rate, lifting export restrictions and raising energy prices, Currently, the average monthly wage is between S10 well as introduce Russian as the state language. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 5

1994: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW

With this began a game of one-upmanship, as the will have to start all over again, and it is unlikely that Crimea passed its own laws and Kyyiv kept demanding Presidents Kuchma and Yeltsin will meet for a summit that these laws comply with Ukrainian legislation. and sign a charter on Ukrainian-Russian relations until Although the Ukrainian Parliament ordered the this issue is resolved. Crimean lawmakers to retract the new Constitution Meetings between Messrs. Kuchma and Yeltsin have within a 10-day period, all they were able to get from been delayed at least three times, with the latest scheduled the renegade peninsula's officials was a statement for early 1995 in Kyyiv. Russia has continued to show its acknowledging that the republic is "a part of Ukraine," imperialistic fangs, as it has insisted on being mediator in and that "sections of their, Constitution do not corre– the West's dealings with former Soviet states. spond to Ukrainian law." This was evident when Russia's Foreign Minister On June 30, the Crimean Parliament passed a resolu– Andrei Kozyrev made a surprise appearance before world tion nullifying laws and resolutions passed by the financial officials in Winnipeg in late October to press Ukrainian Parliament; it demanded that the Ukrainian Russia's case for a role in Ukraine's economic reforms. Ministry of internal Affairs stop interfering in the busi– Again, at the CSCE meeting in Budapest, the Russian ness of the Crimea and threatened to hold a referendum delegation demanded that Ukraine submit yet another to define the republic's status. qualifying diplomatic note on its non-nuclear status During national presidential elections, the voters of before agreeing to give Ukraine the security assurances the peninsula came out to cast their ballots for Leonid it had been promised. Kuchma, who received 89.7 percent of the Crimean Although Ukraine has yet to enter any partnerships vote, primarily because they were convinced he would with Russia, it became an associate member of the OS promote closer ties to Russia. economic union on April 15, which gives it representa– Talks continued between Crimean and Ukrainian tion in all structures of the C1S Economic Union, but deputies throughout the summer, but on August 30, a limits its role within the body to specific agreements. newspaper reported that President Meshkov planned to On October 21, the leaders of 12 former Soviet issue a decree suspending the Parliament, effective republics formed the interstate Economic Committee, September 5. The decree was to bestow on President forging closer economic ties between the countries of Meshkov all legislative and executive powers of the the former Soviet Union. republic's government and be tested in a referendum. "There are two paths we can follow," President However, by September 7, the Crimean Parliament Kuchma told reporters in Moscow in late October. "We resumed its session and by a wide majority passed a bill can continue doing what we have done until now — that Leonid Kuchma designed to curtail President Meshkov's powers; later, is nothing, or we can take the radical path. That's a Ukrainian Parliament, who formed the Moscow-cen– working from the Procurator General's office, the long-term program, but i'm counting on the sound tered Republican Party of the Crimea, were the front Parliament declared his decree unconstitutional. minds of all the countries of the OS, in forming one runners, with Mr. Grach the overwhelming favorite. By mid-September, the Parliament in the Crimea economic space." Mr. Meshkov upset all predictions by taking 38.5 passed a law reorganizing the Crimean government. As the year drew to a close, the OS summit sched– percent of the vote, more than doubling the tally for Mr. Crimean Deputy Prime Minister Yevgeniy Saburov uled for Alma-Ata had been postponed until February. Bagrov, his closest competitor, who received 17.5 per– resigned on September 16, and by the end of the month And with war raging in Grozny, it was unlikely that OS cent. Because no one candidate garnered the 50 percent the Crimean Parliament voted to remove President issues would be a priority in the near future. voter approval necessary, a run-off was scheduled for Meshkov's powers as head of state. Earlier this year, The Economist wrote that change is two weeks later between the top two finishers. Deputy Prime Minister Marchuk, as well as members inevitable in Ukraine — but it might not be for the better, However, it soon became apparent that Mr. Bagrov of Ukraine's Parliament, spent a good deal of time in indeed, President Kuchma has warned that things will get was not actively campaigning. On January 18, he had the Crimea in the fall, as they negotiated with authori– worse before they get better for Ukraine's citizens. But, as stated he was thinking about withdrawing from the race. ties to bring Crimean legislation into line with Ukraine did discover in 1994, the one thing more destabi– His caution was not surprising given the violence that Ukraine's and to mediate between the peninsula's two lizing than radical reform is too little reform. surrounded the candidates during the campaign. A day feuding powers, President Meshkov and the Crimean "Ukraine could be the economic success story of after his statement, his economic aide, iskander Parliament chaired by Sergei Tsekov. 1995," says John Mroz, director of the institute for Mametov, a member of Parliament and a Crimean President Kuchma refused to take sides in the politi– East-West Studies in New York. Ukraine now has a Tatar, was shot and killed while driving to meet Mr. cal dispute and urged both branches to reach a "civi– leader committed to reforms, who has been able to woo Bagrov. in December 1993, an attempt had been made lized solution." The issue seemed to simmer down when the Western financial community and win pledges of to blow up Mr. Mametov's home. Anatoliy Franchuk, Mr. Kuchma's daughter's father-in- assistance, if he can persuade the Ukrainian Parliament Other violent incidents included a December 1993 law was appointed prime minister of the Crimean to see things his way and keep his northern neighbor beating of Mr. Meshkov, in which the assailants left him republic on October 3. As The Economist wrote in Russia at an arm's length from Ukraine's domestic for dead; the killing of the head of a small pro-Russian November, "Nepotism-conscious Ukrainians assume affairs, 1995 may just be the year of Ukraine. faction of Crimean Tatars, Yuriy Osmanov, which was this means the Crimean problem is as good as solved." followed by a retribution bombing of the building of the A cholera epidemic that had plagued the peninsula radical and pro-Ukrainian Crimean Tatar Mejlis; and the and some southern cities of Ukraine during the autumn suspicious death of Ukrainian parliamentarian Yakiv months was curbed by November, but not before it Elections... elections... Apter, the head of the political party Union in Support of claimed 20 lives and infected over 800 people. The the Crimean Republic, in a car accident. Ukrainian government allocated over S650,000 to stop Most of the problems in the Crimea can be traced to the spread of the epidemic. Government officials and more elections its push towards Moscow, in this peninsula the effort blamed it on contaminated drinking water and deterio– was not entirely unforeseeable, as about 70 percent of rating water systems. erhaps 1994 will be remembered as the year Ukraine the population is Russian, many pensioners who retired Deputies of the Sevastopil City Council voted on gave up its nukes, or the year in which Ukraine was comfortably to their Black Sea dachas, only to see the August 23 to give the city "Russian status," however, Pfinally accepted by the West as a major player on the declining economy destroy their savings. international scene. However, the reality of Ukraine 1994 the Ukrainian Parliament on September 15 voted 303-5 Mr. Meshkov had called for closer ties to Russia, was elections... elections... and more elections — 6 bazil– to cancel the City Council's decision declaring especially economic, a return to the ruble zone and the lion rounds were held before we lost count. Sevastopil Russian territory. The Sevastopil Council's introduction of Russian as the official language. Many claim was not supported by the Russian Parliament. The electorate in some districts of Kyyiv went to the in Kyyiv thought he was a surrogate of Moscow in the This was not the first time the issue of Sevastopil had polls eight times without successfully electing a deputy, Crimea, planted to set reunification in motion. Of the been raised since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, voter turn-out diminished with each subsequent round. six candidates, only Mr. Bagrov favored maintaining in December 1992, the Russian Parliament laid claims By November, 10 percent of the 450 seats still were not close ties with Kyyiv. to the city, the home port of the Black Sea Fleet, how– filled and vast amounts of money already had been in the run-off, the 48-year-old Mr. Meshkov destroyed ever, since that time, the new Parliament in Russia has spent. Foreseeing little benefit in continuing the impo– Mr. Bagrov at the polls, 73 percent to 23 percent. He not touched the issue. tent process, the Ukrainian Parliament decided too quickly pointed out that he had never called for closer Negotiations between Russia and Ukraine on the much is too much and suspended any further balloting. ties to Russia. He said, "1 am for a free Crimea, it needs division of the Black Sea Fleet have included this sensi– it was a year in which three major elections were held economic independence." He then officially called for an tive topic, with the Russian side claiming Sevastopil as in this fledgling country of 52.6 million people, each one all-Crimean referendum on independence, which he pro- the base of the Russian navy. going more than one round: two rounds before a posed should be held in conjunction with elections to the The Black Sea Fleet negotiating teams, headed by Ukrainian president was elected; two rounds before a Ukrainian Parliament scheduled for March. He had ini– Deputy Prime Minister Marchuk on the Ukrainian side president of Ukraine's autonomous Republic of the tially proposed the idea the night before the elections in a and Special Envoy Yuri Dubinin from Russia, contin– Crimea gathered a majority of votes; and, of course, eight surprise appearance on Crimean ТУ. ued round upon round of talks, usually talking in cir– rounds and counting before a full Parliament is seated. Mr. Meshkov enumerated four points of his agenda cles. Fleet talks were cut short on a number of occasions Crimea: elections amid violence and conflict after his victory: renew economic associations with throughout the year, ending in stalemates. The latest Moscow; re-establish agricultural and heavy industry round, held in mid-December in Kyyiv, also collapsed. The first to exercise their franchise were the trade with Russia; redevelop tourism. He called estab– The Crimean Parliament voted unanimously on Crimeans. The autonomous republic, which was lishing a ruble zone a secondary issue. December 13 to appeal to the Russian and Ukrainian lead– increasingly working according to its own agenda, The Crimean Tatars reacted strongly. The leader of the ers to keep the Black Sea Fleet as a single entity, an oper– scheduled elections to the republic's presidency for Crimean Tatar Meijlis, Mustafa Jemilev, called Mr, ational unit to serve the interests of the Commonwealth of January 16. Mykola Bagrov, president of the Crimean Meshkov's victory "the beginning of the Crimean Tatar independent States. Parliament; Leonid Grach, first secretary of the Crimean tragedy." He accijsefi Mr. Meshkov of stuffing ballots, but it now seems that the Black Sea Fleet negotiations Parliament; and Yuriy Meshkov, a member of the election observers from the West — among them repre– 6 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52

sentatives from NATO, the Commission on Security and many considered the key to victory by the reformers tomary in this country. For example, Lord Finsberg, Cooperation in Europe and the National Democratic and democrats. leader of the Council of Europe monitors, observed institute — called them "generally open and democratic." Two major actions took place. First, a project called more than one voter entering the voting booth. Also, it The idea for the referendum quickly received a failing Youth Alternative, sponsored by a S57,000 grant from the was not unusual to see one voter carrying several indi– grade in Kyyiv. After several consultations between Ukrainian National Association (UNA) and organized by vidual's passports and voting for them. Lord Finsberg Ukraine's President Leonid Kravchuk and Mr. Meshkov, Freedom House, established a network of students from said he would mention the problem in his report. the president on March 15 annulled the referendum, call– several Ukrainian student organizations and tasked them What was most surprising was that 75 percent of ing the action unconstitutional. Undaunted, Mr. with organizing and promoting voter turnout by the youth Ukraine's eligible voters turned out. Many experts had Meshkov turned the plebiscite into an opinion poll and throughout Ukraine. One leader of Youth Alternative, feared that voter apathy would result in a very weak put forth two questions regarding a move toward further Luba Shara, put it this way: "People should not be apa– turnout, throwing the whole process into turmoil. autonomy: retainment of the right to make agreements thetic." She said that if students do not vote they have no However, even with three-quarters of the electorate voting, with Ukraine via treaty; adoption of dual citizenship right to complain about the system later. "We cannot let only 49 of the 450 seats were filled, due to the aforemen– with Russia, onto a separate ballot. Both issues passed the old-timers tell us how to live," she said. tioned large numbers of candidates on the various ballots. handily on March 27, supported by some 70 to 90 per– The effort also included appealing to the youth The initial run-off proved more successful in getting cent of the electorate (Ukraine cited lower figures than through the music medium they are most comfortable candidates elected. After the second round 338 deputies did the Crimea), and would be the seed for a showdown with. So several successful rock concerts emphasizing had been elected as strong voter turnout continued to between Symferopil and Kyyiv at the end of May that the need to vote and starring some of Ukraine's most surprise experts, important also was that more than 300 would leave the two on the brink of armed conflict. renowned rock bands were held in several cities, includ– elected deputies allowed for a quorum and for the new ing Kyyiv and Kharkiv. Parliament to be seated. The endless elections to Parliament The Election Preparedness Civic Education Program, The Communist Party of Ukraine took the most seats The conventional wisdom regarding elections to sponsored by the Ukrainian Congress Committee of with 83. Together with the Socialist Party and the Ukraine's Parliament was that more than one round America (UCCA), also jumped into the get-out-the– Agrarians, they would form the largest bloc with 118 would be needed to elect a full body of 450 deputies. youth-vote effort. They organized two hugely success– votes. Rukh picked up only 20 seats and was generally Most foresaw a second round; maybe one more complete ful rock concerts in Kyyiv and Donetske, and developed considered the loser, independents took 170 seats and iteration of two rounds with new candidates, if those in a pre-election television ad campaign. were in a position to form the strongest bloc in the the initial run-off did not receive the needed votes. No A press center called Elections '94 was established in Parliament. one thought that at year's end 10 percent (45 seats) of the Ukrainian Home on the Khreshchatyk on February New elections with new candidates were scheduled Parliament's deputies would still remain unelected. 9. Supported by money from the UCCA and UACC, the for July 10 to fill the 112 still-vacant seats. The follow– The problem became the election law itself, which was center was run by members of the Ukrainian and ing rounds produced only 67 more deputies before vot– roundly criticized by most Western experts, it was vehe– Western press and was the subject of some controversy. ing was suspended. Kyyiv, which had the lowest voter mently defended by the head of Ukraine's Central The week prior to the election, observers from the turnout throughout the election, was left with only Electoral Commission, ivan Yemets, until it became clear West began to descend on Kyyiv in preparation for seven of its 23 seats filled. that the electoral process had gone into an infinite loop. assignments throughout Ukraine. More than 500 Kuchma and Kravchuk battle for the presidency Only then did he admit that something was amiss. What observers from 53 countries gathered. The list of was wrong was a law that delineated that at least 50 per– observers ranged from NATO, United Nations and The presidential election was scheduled for June 10, cent of those eligible would have to vote in any given dis– CSCE representatives to members from the UACC and a date that President Leonid Kravchuk had chosen to trict before a victor could emerge. The winner would be the UCCA. Their mission, as they saw it, was to pas– placate striking Donetske miners. However, on the person to receive a majority of the votes cast, but not sively observe how elections were run, to look for fla– February 19 Mr. Kravchuk dropped a bombshell when less than a total of 25 percent from all eligible voters. grant violations of democratic election norms and gath– he announced that he would not run in re-elections. Only 300 signatures were required for a candidate's er data, which they hoped would be used by the Speaking with reporters from Der Spiegel and Radio name to appear on a ballot, so everybody and their sister- Ukrainian government in fine-tuning its roughly cut Liberty, he said he felt he should refrain from running in-law' s aunt entered to run in the free-for-all called electoral process. and maintain diligence over government as the change Ukraine's first democratic parliamentary elections. For Problems developed from the outset. Two days in power occurs. Specifically, he said there was insuffi– example, in one Kyyiv electoral district 27 candidates were before the election the Central Electoral Commission cient time between the presidential elections and ones on the ballot, a rather drastic change from a Communist- had not yet released the complete list of candidates, for Parliament for the legislative body to get settled. era ballot that usually gave the voter a choice of one. The which brought complaints from Alfred DeZayas, repre– "This could lead to a power vacuum," said the presi– large number of candidates, in effect, fragmented the elec– sentative for United Nations Secretary General Boutros dent. "if the president also dedicates himself to re-elec– torate and made it almost impossible for any one candidate Boutros-Ghali and head of the U.N. observer delega– tion, the executive organs could collapse and adminis– to get the votes needed to win. At the deadline, 5,802 can– tion. Marta Baziuk, of the National Democratic institute trative bodies disintegrate." didates were registered for the 450 parliamentary seats. (ND1), said the CEC had resisted ND1 requests for Many believed he was positioning himself to cancel the Another part of the problem was that, although the top information and clarification of issues. "They just seem elections, which he was not too keen on holding if only two vote-getters were allowed to go head to head in a above it all," she said. because his popularity was hitting bottom. But with 338 second round when needed, if neither one again received At a briefing for the foreign press by Elections '94, deputies already elected, his claims of a power vacuum sufficient votes, both were disqualified from running in its director, Roman Zvarych, warned, "They (CEC) were losing validity. The Parliament, quickly having any further run-offs. Many of the most qualified became have called us illegitimate. You understand that this elected a speaker and confirmed a prime minister, voted disqualified after the second round because voter turnout makes us bastards." on June 2 to hold elections, despite President Kravchuk's was less than 50 percent. This left voters discouraged and But in the end the monitor's fears proved unfounded. calls to delay the vote for national security reasons. unwilling to cast any further ballots in future rounds. They were given open access to almost all areas and The next day the president again suffered a setback As the March 27 election date drew near, members of called the elections "open and democratic," although when the Parliament voted to hold elections to oblast the Ukrainian diaspora began to appear in Kyyiv orga– most cited flaws in the election process and infractions and regional councils that would replace local presiden– nizing programs to bring out the youth vote, which of common Western voting procedures considered cus– tial representatives.

Marta Kolomayets Roman Woronowycz Leonid Kravchuk Yuriy Meshkov Mustafa Jemilev No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 7

Getting one's name on the presidential ballot was a both meetings, community leaders expressed their con– two-stage process. First, a person had to be put forth by cern about a U.S. foreign policy that seemed to focus a political party of at least 1,000 members or a voter's almost solely on Russia while the administration contin– initiative group, which could be anything from a work– ually reassured the community that Ukraine was impor– er's collective to a group of people united for a candi– tant to the U.S. date, and then registered with the CEC. in addition, the Throughout the year, numerous follow-up meetings voter's initiative was required to submit at least 500 sig– between the community leadership and administration natures with the registration. The second step required officials, including National Security Advisor Anthony obtaining the signatures of 100,000 registered voters Lake, National Security Council (NSC) directors Nick with at least 1,500 of them being collected in each of Burns and Rose Gottemoeller, and Ambassador at Large 300 of the 450 electoral districts. Seven candidates ful– for the New independent States (N1S) James Collins filled the requirements. took place. The meetings served as a forum for adminis– They were: President Kravchuk; former Chairman of tration officials to brief the community on the status of Parliament, 1 van Pliushch; newly elected Chairman of relations between the United States and Ukraine, and Parliament Oleksander Moroz; Leonid Kuchma, head of for the community to voice its concerns about the direc– the inter-Regional Bloc of Reforms; volodymyr tionof U.S. policy. Lanovy, director of the Center for Market Reforms; On February 10, the community leadership also met Petro Talanchuk, minister of education; and valeriy with Sen. Mitch McConnell (R. Ky.), the ranking Babych, president of the Ukrainian Financial Group. minority member of the Senate Appropriations' Mr. Kravchuk maintained that he would not run and Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, to discuss its that the elections were no better than a glorified referen– concerns, in 1993, Sen. McConnell became a leading dum on the presidency. Then suddenly on April 29, he spokesman for increased foreign assistance for Ukraine. did an about-face and declared his intention to run. On a regular basis, the Washington offices of the "Leonid Kravchuk's consent to be a candidate indicates Ukrainian National Association (UNA) and the that he is not afraid of the elections," said his domestic Ukrainian Congress Committee of America (UCCA) policy aide, Mykola Mykhalchenko. met with both administration officials and members of Other politicians had also suggested that perhaps Congress and their staff regarding aspects of the bilater– early summer was not the best time to hold elections, so al relationship that was developing between Ukraine soon after elections to Parliament. They included Rukh and the United States. Sen. Mitch McConnell leader vyacheslav Chornovil and a leader of the Ukraine emerged as a major focus of Congressional Ukrainian Republican Party, Levko Lukianenko. debate and activity throughout the year. Numerous con– with all the Democrats voting against, the House con– A week before elections, the two Leonids, Kuchma gressional hearings on the N1S focused on issues per– ferees voted not to accept the Senate provision. The and Kravchuk, were the clear favorites, close enough taining to Ukraine. Early in the year, Ambassador conference did, however, agree to urge, but not man- that experts predicted that a run-off would be required. Strobe Talbott testified before the Senate date, Si50 million of assistance to Ukraine, a compro– They were right as President Kravchuk captured 37.72 Appropriations' Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, mise similar to one in 1993. percent of the vote and Leonid Kuchma was supported the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and the Senate While the level of U.S. foreign assistance to Ukraine by 31.27 percent of the populace. Heavy turnout was Foreign Relations Committee. Later, Ambassador was an issue throughout the year, so was the method of reported with 68 percent of those eligible exercising Collins testified before the Senate Appropriations' delivery of that assistance. Many Ukrainian American their franchise. After them came Oleksander Moroz at Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, the House community organizations found the foreign assistance 13 percent and volodymyr Lanovy with 9 percent. Foreign Affairs Subcommittee on Europe and the grant process complicated and insurmountable. Most Because neither of the front-runners garnered the 50 Middle East, and the Senate Foreign Relations that succeeded to overcome the complexity of the appli– percent needed for victory, the second round was sched– Committee, in April, UNA Washington Office Director cation process were disappointed that their proposals uled for July 10. Mr. Kuchma, the 55-year-old industri– Eugene iwanciw testified before the House were turned down. Many organizations also learned that alist from Dnipropetrovske, once head of the world's Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Relations. they could not apply to work solely in Ukraine; they had largest missile factory, Pivdenmash, outdistanced in May, the Commission on Security and to work in other nations as well. At the same time, com– Ukraine's first president, Mr. Kravchuk, 52 percent to Cooperation in Europe (CSCE), known as the Helsinki plaints started to reach the community that Ukrainians 45 percent with more than 71 percent of those eligible Commission, held two hearings; one focusing on І participating in U.S. Agency for international voting. Election monitors again called the elections rela– Ukraine and the other on Russia. Adrian Karatnycky, Development (USA1D) programs were forced to use tively free and fair. executive director of Freedom House, and irina isakova, Russian rather than Ukrainian in the training programs. Mr. Kuchma ran on a platform of closer economic a visiting fellow at the Brookings institute and the head in February, The Wall Street Journal ran a two-part ties with Moscow, introduction of Russian as an official of the Department of U.S. Policy in European Post- series on U.S. foreign assistance to Poland and Russia. language and the need for implementing market reforms Soviet Studies, institute of the U.S.A. and Canada in The articles were a major indictment of U.S. foreign in Ukraine. With their vote the population told Mr. Moscow, participated in the CSCE briefing on Ukraine. assistance. Many of the issues raised in the articles were Kravchuk that his paralysis as to where to go with the Ambassador Collins, Paul Goble, senior associate of the similar to complaints being received from Kyyiv, i.e. failing economic situation would no longer be tolerated. Carnegie Endowment for international Peace, and most of the assistance went to U.S. consultants who But like a phoenix he rose from the ashes. On Ronald Sumy, professor of history at the University of expended the resources on travel, high salaries, and lux– September 25, he won a seat to Parliament from the Michigan, testified at the May 24 hearing on Russia, urious accommodations with little benefit provided to Terebovlia district of Ternopil, garnering 87 percent of which also addressed Ukrainian issues. the recipient nation. Another frequently heard complaint the vote as elections continued to try to fill the empty The various hearings demonstrated both a gradual was that assistance programs were not geared to the seats in Parliament. change in administration policy toward Ukraine and dis– needs of Ukraine or other specific countries but were designed and implemented on a regional basis, i.e., all ИИШШФ^І^^ -w - v^^ agreement among experts about the relationship the United States should pursue with both Russia and 12 countries within the MS. These programs were often Ukraine. Many members of Congress and outside run out of Moscow and utilized only the Russian lan– in the United States: experts remained critical of the Clinton administration's guage. "Russia-first" policy. U.S. policy toward Ukraine was not considered only Nowhere were the differences between the adminis– on a bilateral basis. Often, the "Ukrainian issue" arose "Year of Ukraine" tration and Congress more evident than in the foreign in a broader context, increasing concern about an aid appropriations process. On June 23, the Senate expanding Russian "sphere of influence," became both erhaps 1994 can best be described as a year of a focus of debate in Washington and the news media rapid change: change in the relationship of the Foreign Operations Subcommittee adopted a foreign assistance bill which earmarked, from the S900 million and a congressional issue. United States and Ukraine and in the relationship P N1S account, Si50 million for Ukraine, in introducing The Central and East European Coalition, an ad hoc of each government to its citizens. this amendment, Sen. McConnell said, "1 am moving to committee of 16 national organizations representing 12 Early in the year, vice-President Al Gore proclaimed earmark funds for Ukraine once again, because 1 believe Central and East-European ethnic groups including the 1994 as the "Year of Ukraine." This slogan was reiterat– the administration will only provide assistance if they UNA and the UCCA, began playing a greater role in ed numerous times by the Clinton administration, are directed to do so." He heavily criticized the adminis– Washington. At the end of 1993, the coalition initiated a including by the president himself. While the meaning tration for providing so little assistance to Ukraine, grass-roots campaign against U.S. acceptance of a with which the slogan was proclaimed only served to claiming that for "1991, 1992 and 1993, Ukraine has Russian "sphere of influence," which it dubbed "Yalta disappoint the leadership of Ukraine, in many ways actually seen a little over S40 million" as contrasted to П." Throughout the year, the coalition met with various 1994 was the "Year of Ukraine." Policies of and events the administration plans to "spend Si.6 billion in policy-makers, including Senate Foreign Relations in Ukraine played a major role in shaping U.S. and Russia" in 1994. Committee Chairman Claiborne Pell (D-R.L), Sen. John international policy. On July 15, the Senate passed the Foreign Assistance Kerry (D-Mass.), Sen. McConnell, Rep. Richard Durbin Whether relations between the Clinton administration Act for fiscal year 1995 with the Ukrainian earmark in (D-11L), and NSC officials Mr. Burns and Ambassador and the Ukrainian–American community have improved place. Since the House failed to earmark aid to Ukraine, І Richard Shifter. during the course of the year is subject to debate, but the item became a contentious issue when the House- Members of the coalition turned down an invitation to during 1994 they did establish a more open channel of Senate Conference Committee met on July 28 to resolve the White House to welcome Russian President Boris communications. the differences between their respective bills. House Yeltsin and. instead, held a press conference, aired on C– On January 6, after a major foreign policy speech in j Foreign Operations' Chairman David Obey (D-Wisc.) SPAN, calling attention to Russia's aggression against Milwaukee, vice-President Gore met with a delegation j and the administration lobbied strongly against the pro- its neighbors and U.S. failure to oppose those policies. of Ukrainian Americans. This was followed by a vision, while Sens. McConnell, Frank Lautenberg (D– During its press conference, coalition members accused February 10 White House meeting between the leader- N.J.), Phil Gramm (R-Texas), and Rep. Bob Livingston Russia of using "peacekeeping" as a cover for expan– ship of the community and President Bill Clinton, in І (R-La.) argued for the earmark, in a party line vote, І1 sionism and noted that some foreign policy experts 8 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52 ІІІІІІ1И1ІІІІ1 claimed that the United States traded Georgia for Haiti, Frank Carlucci, former secretary of defense; Malcolm U.S. Ambassador Shcherbak arrived in Washington just i.e. the U.S. did not oppose Russian "peacekeeping in S. Forbes Jr., editor-in-chief, Forbes magazine; Gen. prior to President Kuchma's state visit. Georgia" so that Russia would not oppose a U.S. inva– John R. Galvin (U.S. Army-Ret.), former supreme allied As the year was winding down, the Department of sion of Haiti. The coalition also initiated another grass- commander, Europe; Michael H. Jordan, chairman and State launched a reorganization effort which would roots campaign aimed at members of Congress regarding chief executive officer, Westinghouse Electric Corp.; divide the European Bureau into smaller components. Russia's foreign policy. Henry Kissinger, CS1S counselor and former secretary Under the plan, Russia, Ukraine and the other former Working as a team, the member-organizations of the of state; George Soros, Soros Fund Management. republics of the Soviet Union would be in a separate coalition supported the earmark of foreign assistance to On March 3, President Leonid Kravchuk visited Eurasia Bureau. Key Members of Parliament including Ukraine, Armenia and Georgia; the expansion of NATO Washington for the third time (his second visit as presi– the incoming Chairman of the House international to Poland, Hungary, the Czech Republic and Slovakia; dent). The highlight of the visit was a commitment by Relations Committee Benjamin Gilman (R-N.Y.) and the cutoff of aid to Russia if Russian troops were not the United States to give greater economic assistance to Sen. Hank Brown, spurred by protests from the UNA withdrawn from the Baltic states by August 31, and 28 Ukraine in light of the signing of the Trilateral and UCCA Washington offices, put a hold on the reor– specific recommendations for reform of foreign assis– Agreement on Nuclear Arms in January and the ratifica– ganization, which will remain unresolved until 1995. tance. tion of START 1 by the Ukrainian Parliament. The year in Washington closed out with the The effectiveness of the coalition was first felt on Leonid Kuchma made his second visit to December 12 celebration of the 45th anniversary of the March 24 when Sen. McConnell added an amendment Washington, albeit as a private citizen, in April. This Ukrainian Language Service of the voice of America. on U.S. policy towards Russian acts of aggression to the was followed by a May visit by Deputy Prime Minister The current chief of the Ukrainian Branch, Wolodymyr Congressional Budget Resolution of 1994. A similar of Military and Defense valeriy Shmarov, a June visit Bilajiw, recounted the history of the service, the impor– amendment by Sen. McConnell, enacted as part of the by Defense Minister vitaliy Radetsky, and an October tant role it played in providing timely and accurate Foreign Assistance Authorization Act, required the visit by Chairman of the Parliament Oleksander Moroz. information to Ukraine during the Soviet period, and the administration to report to Congress on Russian aggres– Mr. Shmarov made a return visit in November as changing role that vOA plays in an independent sion against its neighbors. Senate passage of earmarked defense minister, in each of these visits, as well as with Ukraine. assistance to Ukraine, Armenia, Georgia and numerous visits by lower-ranking officials, the Ukrainians met provisions on the expansion of NATO were also initia– with key administration and Congressional leaders to tives of the coalition. The NATO,provisions were discuss subjects ranging from economic relations to authored by Sens. McConnell, Hank Brown (R-Colo.), space cooperation. The parade of visitors culminated Ukraine's presidents Paul Simon (D-lll.) and Barbara Mikulski (D-Md). with the state visit of President Kuchma in November. During this period, a number of articles began Washington's relations with Kyyiv throughout the appearing in newspapers and journals calling attention year were also the product of events taking place within in the United States to Russia's claims of a "sphere of influence." in an both countries and around the world. Clearly, Ukraine's uring 1994 the Clinton administration shifted August 8 op-ed in The Washington Post, columnist ratification of START early in the year and the Non– from its earlier policy of alienating a nuclear Lally Weymouth discussed the Senate initiatives and Proliferation Treaty (NPT) in November had major Ukraine to the United States playing broker to the Clinton administration's opposition to all of them. implications for the developing relationship. However, D the Tripartite Agreement of January 14 between She wrote that "the message that tRep. DavidJ Obey the political crisis in Ukraine in early 1994, which was Ukraine, Russia and the U.S., cajoling Ukraine along and company twho actively promoted the administra– resolved by parliamentary and presidential elections, also the path of economic reform with the promise of tion' s position! sent to Moscow was that Washington is played a key role in the developing partnership. The elec– expanded U.S. assistance, and hosting Ukraine's two pursuing a Russia-first policy." She went on to quote tion of former Communists to the new Parliament created presidents to official Washington visits. UNA Washington Director iwanciw as saying: "if І concern among many Washington policy-makers. That were sitting in Ukraine, 1 would conclude that the U.S. was followed by the election of Mr. Kuchma as presi– With Ukraine committed to disarming its nuclear arse– isn't a very good ally and that Russia does not keep its dent. While the Clinton administration was, at first, cool nal, President Leonid Kravchuk, prior to his departure to commitments - and Fd have second thoughts about get- to the new president, relations warmed quickly. Washington for a March 3-5 official working visit to reap the rewards, told a press conference, "This visit will ting rid of my nuclear weapons. To Moscow, the mes– On the other side of the Atlantic, the United States sage is, 'Whatever you want you will get.' " become the turning point in relations between the United went through a major political revolution on November States and Ukraine." President Kravchuk, independent During congressional consideration of the Foreign 8 with the Republican takeover of both houses of Ukraine's first leader, is the former Communist Party ide– Assistance Act, the coalition was also successful in Congress, a serious political setback for President ologue turned nationalist whose administration had enacting three of its recommendations for reform of Clinton. While the broader implications of this election focused largely on establishing a Ukrainian identity inde– USA1D. The amendments included a requirement that are still being analyzed, it spells mixed blessings for pendent of the Soviet Union. 50 percent of the funding be for country specific pro- Ukraine. While many Republican members of On March 4 U.S. President Bill Clinton announced at grams, a report on "steps being taken to include individ– Congress, who have been supportive of Ukraine, are a joint press conference at the White House that the uals and organizations with language of regional exper– now in leadership positions, the elected-Republican United States would expand its assistance package to tise in the provision of assistance," and a report to the majority has vowed to cut the federal budget, which Ukraine to S700 million through 1995. Half of the S700 Appropriations Committee on "each grant and con- could have adverse implications on foreign assistance, million was Nunn-Lugar funds allocated for dismantling tract." in other words, while Ukraine will probably be receiv– Ukraine's nuclear weapons, Si75 million of which was ing an increased share of the foreign assistance pie, the Later in the year, the administration proposed legisla– promised to Ukraine in May 1993. pie may be much smaller. tion that would overhaul U.S. foreign assistance and in a Joint Statement on the Development of U.S.– USA1D. While congressional committees began to On April 30, President Clinton signed into law the Ukrainian Friendship and Cooperation signed by review the proposals, time simply ran out. On December Foreign Assistance Authorization Act, which brought to Presidents Kravchuk and Clinton, the United States 12, Sen. McConnell, in a surprise move, announced a close the long-running debate on the future of Radio affirmed the importance of Ukraine's "sovereignty, plans to introduce legislation in January that would reor– Free Europe7Radio Liberty (RFE7RL). The law contains independence and territorial integrity" and stated that it ganize U.S. foreign assistance, abolish USA1D, earmark the U.S. international Broadcasting Act, which estab– and "other nations are prepared to extend, in the form of assistance for Ukraine, and condition assistance to lishes within the U.S. information Agency a nine-mem– a multilateral document, security assurances to Ukraine Russia based on its treatment of its neighbors. ber Broadcasting Board of Governors "to direct and once the START 1 Treaty enters into force and Ukraine The number of official Ukrainian delegations visiting supervise" all U.S. non-military foreign broadcasting becomes a non-nuclear-weapon state party to the Washington in 1994 was unprecedented. The year services, including voice of America (vOA), Worldnet, Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty." began with a January 23 visit by a 15-member econom– RFE7RL Radio Cuba, Tv Cuba, and Radio Free Asia, it was Ukraine's no-nonsense second president, ics delegation headed by Economics Minister Roman which is established by the act. While supporters of Leonid Kuchma, however, who pushed ratification of Shpek. The delegation met with U.S. officials from the RFE7RL viewed this as a victory, concern about the the NPT through the Ukrainian Parliament and received Departments of State, Commerce, Agriculture and future of all foreign broadcasting became an issue later the promised security assurances from the United Defense, the National Security Council, the Export- in the year with major budget cutbacks for both vOA States, Russia and Great Britain on December 5. import (Ex-lm) Bank, as well as with international and RFE7RL. During President Kravchuk's official working visit, organizations such as the World Bank and the The Foreign Assistance Authorization Act also the seed for Ukraine's economic reform was planted by international Monetary Fund. The meetings launched an extended for two years the "Lautenberg Amendment," the Clinton administration. The United States extended almost yearlong effort to secure economic loans and which provides for the granting of refugee status to Generalized System of Preference (GSP) status to credits for Ukraine, which came to fruition only near the 1,000 Ukrainian Catholics and Ukrainian Orthodox Ukraine, which provided the former Soviet republic end of the year. annually. At about the same time, the U.S. government with duty-free access into the U.S. market for 4,400 in February, the American-Ukrainiain Advisory announced that citizens of Ukraine would be eligible to products, and supported Ukraine's interest in applying Committee, organized by Dr; Zbigniew Brzezinski, held apply for the Diversity immigrant visa Lottery for for GATT membership. its first meeting in Washington. Ukrainians attending 1994. Under this program 55,000 permanent resident The two countries agreed to establish a special the meeting included Anton Buteiko, advisor to the visas will be allotted through a worldwide lottery. Bilateral Commission on Trade and investment to President of Ukraine; Yolodymyr Hryniov, people's in September, the Ukrainian American community, expand commercial relations, co-chaired by Commerce deputy, Parliament of Ukraine; Kostiantyn Morozov, once again, celebrated the anniversary of Ukrainian Secretary Ronald Brown and Foreign Economic former minister of defense of Ukraine; Dmytro independence in Congress with a reception organized Relations Minister Serhiy Osyka, which held its inau– Pavlychko, chairman, Permanent Committee on Foreign by the Ukrainian American Coordinating Council gural meeting during the November 21-23 official state Affairs, Parliament of Ukraine; victor Pynzenyk, peo– (UACC) and the UCCA. Members of Congress, staff visit of President Kuchma. ple's deputy, Parliament of Ukraine, former deputy and Embassy officials participated in the celebration. Presidents Kravchuk and Clinton signed an prime minister for economic reform; volodymyr On September 12, Ukraine's first ambassador to the Avoidance of Double Taxation Treaty and a Bilateral Sumin, chairman, Council of Entrepreneurs of Ukraine; United States, Oleh Bilorus, bid good-bye and departed investment Treaty, which provides comprehensive pro– and Borys Tarasyuk, deputy minister of foreign affairs. Washington for home. On October 21, President tection for investors in Ukraine, but stipulated that the U.S. members of the Advisory Committee include: Kuchma announced that Yuriy Shcherbak, former min– agreements needed to be accompanied by administra– Counselor Brzezinski; Dwayne Andreas, chairman and ister of the environment and ambassador to israel, tive, tax, regulatory and legislative changes in Ukraine chief executive officer, Archer Daniels Midland Co.; would serve as the second ambassador of Ukraine to the to improve the over-all climate for investment and to No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 9

1994: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW

provide the necessary security and stability that investors seek. in addition, the U.S.'s expanded economic assistance to Ukraine of S350 million, double the amount promised in January by President Clinton in Kyyiv, hinged on Ukraine proceeding with its reform process and stipulated that full disbursement of assistance was contingent on Ukraine taking concrete steps toward eco– nomic reform. A Joint Statement on Economic and Commercial Cooperation signed by Presidents Kravchuk and Clinton specifically addressed this issue and noted that "The United States and Ukraine acknowledge, however, that before the full potential of their trade and economic cooperation can be realized, Ukraine must intensify adoption of a free-market system, including such ele– ments as a dynamic private sector, the freeing of prices, and a fully convertible currency." Much of the assistance the U.S. committed to Ukraine was not disbursed following the March meet– ing, as President Kravchuk was unable to push through economic reform. The United States also stated that it was "prepared to exercise leadership within the G-7 to mobilize addition– al, multilateral assistance to support a comprehensive reform program." The pledge bore fruit. The United States was instrumental in mobilizing a G-7 assistance package in Naples in July, an 1MF recov– ery plan released in Madrid in September, and another G-7 assistance plan pledged in Winnipeg in October. The U.S. also negotiated a debt deferral program between Russia and Ukraine, and a rescheduled pay– і Khristina Lew ment plan between Ukraine and Turkmenistan. November 22: President Bill Clinton greets President Leonid Kuchma on the South Lawn of the White House. "We have emerged on a new and very clear path. Relations between Ukraine and the United States are Statement on Expansion of Trade and investment by President John F. Kennedy at Arlington National now those of two friendly countries with similar strate– Foreign Economic Relations Minister Osyka and Cemetery, and visited the Taras Shevchenko monument gic concerns," said President Kravchuk of his official Commerce Secretary Brown. The statement acknowl– downtown. working visit. edged that the U.S. recognizes Ukraine as an economy During the November summit, President Kuchma, Mr. Kravchuk also said the process of denucleariza– in transition to a market system, and notes that the U.S. who had traveled to the United States as a people's tion will help facilitate the process of economic trans- Export-import Bank has proposed a Project incentive deputy in April to, among other things, meet vice- formation. "When we eliminate all the nuclear weapons Agreement to facilitate EXlM's support for projects in President Gore, visited the U.S. Holocaust Memorial in Ukraine, we will be getting rid of financial obliga– Ukraine. Museum. There, he presented Miles Lerman, chairman tions associated with them, and will open the doors for in addition, the Overseas Private investment Corp. of the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Council, with a list of Western reform programs to come to Ukraine. But І (ОРІС) and Ukraine signed three protocols for financ– Ukrainians who saved Jews during the second world would like to state that the process of nuclear disarma– ing and insurance guarantees totaling S39.6 million. war and a container of earth from the site of Babyn Yar, ment in Ukraine is not directly linked with economic The Ukrainian Parliament's accession to the NPT where thousands of Jews, Ukrainians and others were reforms in Ukraine. We have always treated this prob– opened the door to expanded Ukrainian-U.S military massacred by the Nazis. Mr. Kuchma was joined by lem in relation to security guarantees, so when we talk cooperation. On November 22, Presidents Kuchma and Rabbi Yaakov Dov Bieich, chief rabbi of Ukraine, and about linkage, we mean the probable consequences of Clinton signed a Bilateral Civil Space Agreement, the iosef Zissels, president of the Association of Jewish the processes," he explained. first ever agreement on space cooperation between the Organizations and Communities of Ukraine, for a tour When President Kuchma arrived in Washington for two countries. President Clinton announced that his of the museum. his November 21-23 official state visit, he came armed administration was committed to expanding Ukrainian President Kuchma also addressed the Center for with Parliament's accession to the NPT and a radical cooperation with the North Atlantic Treaty Organization Strategic and international Studies and the National economic reform program for Ukraine. "We have (NATO) and that the U.S. would make funds available Press Club, met with NASA Administrator Daniel observed what influence the United States has on other to Ukraine under the Warsaw initiative to support Goldin and visited the NASA Goddard Space Flight countries' relations with Ukraine, and this has been both Ukraine's participation in the Partnership for Peace pro- Center. positive and negative," President Kuchma told a press gram, in addition, Ukraine and the United States are During the New York leg of the U.S. visit, President conference prior to his departure. scheduled to participate in over 35 cooperative military Kravchuk officially opened Ukraine's Consulate President Clinton repeatedly praised Mr. Kuchma programs in 1995. General in New York on March 5. "The fact that a during the pre-Thanksgiving summit for resolving "Taking into account the role and place of the United Consulate General of Ukraine opened in the largest Ukraine's nuclear future and reforming its stagnant States in world affairs, we can underscore that the level American city shows that our country is beginning to economy, in light of Ukraine's accession to the NPT, of relations we have reached with the U.S. is in the take on a key role in international relations," President President Clinton announced at a joint press confer– national interest of Ukraine, and this favorable relation- Kravchuk said at the dedication ceremony. ence at the Old Executive Office Building on ship helps Ukraine strengthen its security and interna– He was honored at a reception at the United Nations; November 22 that the United States, Russia and Great tional authority," said Mr. Kuchma of his state visit. attended by 650 Ukrainian Americans and foreign Britain would provide Ukraine with security assur– What distinguished President Kuchma's state visit to diplomats, and attended a dinner at The Plaza with busi– ances on December 5 and that the U.S. will expand the United States from President Kravchuk's official nesspersons interested in the Ukrainian market. military relations and increase aerospace cooperation working visit was the official reception from During his visit to New York, President Kuchma with Ukraine. Washington. The state visit accorded President Kuchma addressed a special plenary meeting of the 49th Session The United States expanded aid to Ukraine for a sec– a 21-gun salute at an official state arrival ceremony on of the U.N. General Assembly on November 21. There ond time in 1994 by S200 million during President the South Lawn of the White House and a state dinner he underscored that, while Ukraine had fulfilled its Kuchma's visit. While half of the assistance is targeted at the White House attended by the likes of singer commitment to denuclearize and accede to the NPT, the for technical and economic support, the other half com– Michael Bolton, and actors Jack Palance and Kathleen West had not provided aid as had been promised. Prior prised balance-of-payment support intended to help Turner. to his address, President Kuchma met with U.S. Ukraine cover its external financing requirements over President Kravchuk official working visit allowed for Ambassador to the United Nations Madeleine Albright the next several months as it implements international a 19-gun salute at a full honors arrival ceremony at the and U.N. Secretary General Boutros-Ghali. Monetary Fund and World Bank reforms. No other Pentagon and dinner at the State Department hosted by He was honored by the Ukrainian American commu– newly independent state has been accorded balance-of- vice-President Al Gore and his wife, Tipper. nity at a dinner attended by close to 1,000 at the payment support from the United States. Both presidents met with President Clinton, vice- Marriott Marquis, and visited with Ukrainian American A Charter for American-Ukrainian Partnership, President Gore, Secretary of State Warren Christopher Church leaders and parishioners at St. viadimir Friendship and Cooperation, signed by Presidents and Secretary of Defense William Perry, as well as Ukrainian Orthodox Church and St. George Ukrainian Kuchma and Clinton on November 22, reiterated U.S. leading figures at the U.S. Treasury, the 1MF and the Catholic Church. support for the independence and territorial integrity of World Bank. Both presidents met with representatives of the Ukraine and Ukraine's commitment to democracy and Both met with ОРІС President Ruth Harkin and Ukrainian American, Jewish and business communities market reform, in it, the United States emphasized its addressed representatives of major corporations inter– while in New York. willingness to provide financial and political support for ested in the Ukrainian market, breakfasted with During both visits, all three presidents — Clinton, Ukrainian reforms, both bilaterally and through interna– Zbigniew Brzezinski, national security advisor to for– Kravchuk and Kuchma — had an opportunity to visit tional financial institutions. mer President Jimmy Carter; and met with members of with Ukraine's darling, Olympic gold medalist Oksana Economic relations between Ukraine and the United Congress. Both presidents were hosted to receptions at Baiul, who was a member of President Kravchuk's States were further expanded during President Ukraine's Embassy to the United States, laid wreaths at March delegation to the U.S. and a guest at President Kuchma's state visit, with the signing of a Joint the Tomb of the Unknowns and bouquets at the grave of Kuchma's November state dinner. ю „,^THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994^^^No. 52

Ukrainian Embassy in Ottawa announced that it had government allocated a further S23.8 million in techni– Canada: Ukrainian bought another. The Si.8 million complex, once occupied cal assistance to Ukraine in the areas of private sector by the national New Democratic Party and purchased by and policy development, security and nuclear safety, the UCC, will serve as the mission's main building: the nuclear fuel management and land registration and man– issues come to the fore other will handle consular matters exclusively. agement. 9 Oseredok, considered one of the world's largest Mr. Ouellet also unveiled another Si3.5 million (S10 uring 1994 Canada got its second ambassador from Ukrainian libraries and archives, announced a S10 million million U.S.) in direct balance of payments assistance to Ukraine, hosted the first state visit by a Ukrainian tri-phase construction and expansion project in Winnipeg Ukraine; S20 million was also added to Ukraine's line Dpresident and saw its government decide not to in September. of credit. resolve the long-standing redress issue over the War World 9 Saskatoon's Ukrainian Catholic Bishop Basil Filevich Other Canadian-Ukrainian accords signed that day І internment of Ukrainian Canadians. ordained ivan Nahachewsky, a married man to the priest- included: a Foreign investment Protection Agreement, a The newly established Toronto-based international hood in October. Despite concerns by the vatican, the Memorandum of Understanding on the Canadian Center for Democracy and State Development of Rev. Nahachewsky became the 12th Canadian non-celi– Cooperation Program, an Economic Cooperation Ukraine began work on assisting Ukraine with "the pro- bate to become a priest in the church. Agreement, a Military Cooperation Agreement and motion and implementation of democracy and market- 9 The UCC launched the Canada-Ukraine Foundation Memorandum of Understanding on Military oriented reform." Similarly, the Canadian Association in Winnipeg on October 26. The philanthropic and Cooperation, and a Double Taxation Agreement. for the Development of Ukraine (CADU), which humanitarian volunteer organization still needs approval On October 25, President Kuchma traveled to replaced the Canadian Friends of Rukh last year, by both the Canadian and Ukrainian governments. Toronto, where he met with Ontario Premier Bob Rae announced plans to assist parties committed to democ– ф Ukrainian Canadians joined the anti-"60 Minutes" and attended a Ukraine-Canada business symposium. racy during Ukraine's March parliamentary elections. 9 bandwagon in early November, following the October The former Ukrainian prime minister then flew on to Ukraine's second ambassador to Canada, viktor broadcast of the controversial "The Ugly Face of Edmonton, where, amid meetings with provincial gov– Batyuk, presented his credentials to Governor General Freedom" program. Ukrainian World Congress president ernment officials and members of the Alberta Ray Hnatyshyn in Ottawa on February 10. e Dr. Dmytro Cipywnyk accused the American network of Ukrainian-Canadian community, President Kuchma was A week later Canada's ambassador to Ukraine, promoting "hatemongers' anti-Ukrainian agenda." wooed by hundreds of schoolchildren who sang for him Francois Mathys, told a Ukrainian Canadian Congress Meanwhile UCC president Oleh Romaniw issued a (in Ukrainian) in Edmonton's City Hall. (UCC) meeting in Winnipeg that Ukrainians are not well November 2 news release calling on "everyone who acquainted with the democratic process, and that there is Before heading for Winnipeg on October 26, the believes in fair, accurate and responsible reporting to president stopped briefly in Saskatoon, where he met a self-serving explosive element in Ukraine's power protest the biased, inaccurate and blatantly racist report." structure. Mr. Mathys urged the UCC to get involved in with another prominent Ukrainian-Canadian, democratic reforms in Ukraine, but to tread carefully. Saskatchewan Premier Roy Romanow. Later that day, 9 The CADU opened an office in Toronto in Mr. Kuchma arrived in Winnipeg, on the eve of the spe– February and outlined a three-part media strategy to cial G-7 Conference on Economic Transformation in produce democracy-friendly commercials for Ukrainian Canada welcomes Ukraine. That evening, he was the guest of honor at a television during the spring election campaign, and to community banquet attended by over 800 people. fund a Ukrainian ТУ crew to cover the Winter President Kuchma Senior federal government Cabinet Minister Lloyd Olympics in Lillehammer, Norway. Axworthy announced the creation of a bilateral national 9 employment service with Ukraine, along with a On March 15, UCC president Oleh Romaniw present– eonid Danylovych Kuchma's state visit to ed a 21-page brief to Canada's Foreign Affairs Minister Canada, the first by a Ukrainian president, high- Canadian research and training reform program. Andre Ouellet, suggesting a closer relationship be reestab– L lighted the 1994 calendar year. The next day, President Kuchma opened the G-7 lished between the two countries. Among the recommen– President Kuchma, his wife, Liudmyla, and a delega– meeting at the Hotel Fort Garry, where 80 senior offi– dations: to unequivocally recognize Ukraine's geographic tion of 63 spent five days in Canada in late October; it cials from 14 delegations had gathered. Mr. Kuchma borders, to press NATO and the United States to guaran– was his first official trip outside Ukraine since his elec– outlined his commitment to economic reform in tee Ukraine's security, and to amend the immigration Act toral victory in July. Ukraine: by cutting Ukraine's budget by 15 percent of to create "An East EuropeanTFormer Soviet Union Family The 56-year-old president was greeted on October 23 the country's gross domestic product, increasing interest Reunion Program." by Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, a Ukrainian rates, setting inflation targets to lower the rate from this 9 A 13-member Canadian team of electoral observers Canadian. A state banquet was held for Ukraine's first year's 842 percent to 210 percent next year, increasing monitored the March 27 elections in Ukraine. Canada couple later that evening at Mr. Hnatyshyn's official the price of goods, water and electricity, introducing the gave Ukraine a S2.5-million boost to help with the vote, residence, Rideau Hall. long-awaited hryvnia and privatizing 6,000 govern– the largest contribution of any country. The next day, President Kuchma met with Prime ment-owned facilities, in turn, the G-7 group offered 9 Andre Ouellet visited Kyyiv from March 31 to Minister Jean Chretien, and the two signed a Friendship Ukraine Si.2 billion in assistance. April 1, becoming the first senior member of Prime and Cooperation Agreement. At a joint news confer– However, the Ukrainian president's Winnipeg visit Minister Jean Chretien's Cabinet to visit Ukraine. Mr. ence, Mr. Chretien said he hoped that after Canada was upstaged by an unexpected appearance by Russia's Ouellet signed a Joint Declaration on Special helps Ukraine's economy to grow, Ukrainians "will buy Foreign Minister Andrei Kozyrev, who encouraged G-7 Partnership between Canada and Ukraine and initialed a more goods and services from us." delegates to help Ukraine pay off its S363.3 million debt friendship accord between the two countries. Canada's President Kuchma also met privately with Speaker of the to Russia. A few hours later, while Mr. Kuchma was foreign affairs minister also announced a S.15 million Senate Romeo LeBlanc, who will become Canada's next visiting a rural Manitoba dairy farm, 600 First Nations nuclear-dismantling package and a Si 1.8 million techni– governor general in February, succeeding Mr. Hnatyshyn. demonstrators protested in the hotel lobby, demanding cal and humanitarian aid package to Ukraine, including in a separate signing ceremony between Ukraine's that the Canadian government and its G-7 partners first S5 million to clean up the Dnipro River and S6.5 mil- Foreign Minister Gennadiy Udovenko and Canada's address native poverty in Canada before offering finan– lion for humanitarian assistance and medical training. Foreign Affairs Minister Andre Ouellet, the Canadian cial aid to other countries like Ukraine. 9 The Canada-Ukraine Chamber of Commerce and the Ukrainian Chamber of Commerce signed an Agreement on Trade and Commerce on March 31. 9 Friction continued over the name-change between the Toronto-chapter of the Canadian Friends of Rukh, who refused to acknowledge the name-change last April, and CADU in early April. CADU president volodymyr Pedenko said his group cannot support one Ukrainian political party and revealed that CADU chapter members have legal rights to the name, "Canadian Friends of Rukh." 9 The Canada-Ukraine Parliamentary Friendship Group, consisting of 42 Canadian members of Parliament and the Senate, was formed in Ottawa in June. Walt Lastewka, Liberal MP for St. Catharines, Ontario, is elected its first president. 9 The Canadian government announced a S2 million, two-year expansion program of the Chornobyl Children's Project to provide specialty training in obstetrics, gynecol– ogy and neonatology, beyond pediatrics. 9 Canada convinced its G-7 partners to establish a S200 million (U.S.) fund to help Ukraine ensure the safety of its nuclear reactors and became the host of a Conference on Partnership for Economic Transformation in Ukraine to be held in Winnipeg in late October. 9 Andre Ouellet launched the S2.5 million Canada Ukraine Partners Program in August, which is to be administered by the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (UCC). Two months later, former Canadian diplomat My kola Switucha was named program manager for the program's Ottawa office. jChris Guly 9 Less than two years after occupying a controversial two-story office building in downtown Ottawa, the Governor General Ramon Hnatyshyn welcomes President Leonid Kuchma to Canada. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 11

Ш: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW

in the Toronto Eparchy, many of the problems of 1993 continued in 1994, as 12 priests from the eparchy Canada says "no" filed a Sl.l million (Canadian) libel and slander suit against Bishop Roman Danylak on December 14, 1993. included in the suit were two editors of the Catholic to redress request New Times and its publisher; the newspaper had car– ried a series of articles on the ongoing feud between the fter a decade of trying, advocates seeking some backers of Bishop isidore Borecky and Bishop form of compensation or recognition of First World Danylak. War internment of Ukrainian Canadians from the A in the offending article, headlined "Ukrainian Canadian government were finally given a response. Catholics, 1 am known for my strong love of all things No. However, that could spell a truce between the Ukrainian," Bishop Danylak denounced certain priests Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA) as incompetent in financial affairs and inadequately and the Ukrainian Canadian Congress (UCC), who "theologically, religiously and spiritually trained." remained at loggerheads over who should represent the case before Prime Minister Jean Chretien's government. However, on February 6, the Catholic New Times Following is a chronology of developments concern– issued an apology to the 12 clergymen of the Toronto ing the redress issue. Eparchy, in hopes that the move would satisfy the plain- 9 Early in 1994, Mary Manko Haskett, 85, honorary tiffs. chairwoman of the National Redress Council of the The Rev. Myroslaw Tataryn, one of the plaintiffs, UCCLA and a survivor of the Spirit Lake, Quebec, called the wording of the apology "excellent," and said internment camp, issued a plea through The Weekly for a that the action against the bi-weekly paper would be resolution of the claim, in the January 30 edition, Mrs. dropped. Haskett prophetically wrote: "The officials who think Although some observers in the Toronto Eparchy they can deal with this issue by ignoring me will proba– predicted that Bishop Borecky, who had steadfastly bly outlive me. But they won't outlive my testament." refused to resign as Toronto's first Ukrainian Catholic 9 Montreal filmmaker Yurij Luhovy's controversial bishop since the vatican appointment of Bishop film on internment operations, "Freedom Had a Price," Danylak, would step down in May, as the year drew to a premiered on May 27 in Toronto. close, Bishop Borecky still was an active hierarch in the 9 A memorial plaque was unveiled at the first intern– Toronto Eparchy. ment camp site at Fort Henry, near Kingston, Ontario, Rumors of his resignation surfaced after he was visit– by the UCCLA on August 4, coinciding with the ed by both a representative of Archbishop Carlo Curs, anniversary of the start of the first world war and the Yurij Luhovy's documentary on videotape. apostolic pro-nuncio to Canada, and a canon lawyer start of internment operations in Canada. from St. Paul University in Ottawa. 9 On October 1 an official parliamentary delegation, tion campaign, the placement of historical markers at Bishop Borecky, who met with Pope John Paul 11 at representing all five Canadian federal parties, addressed 26 internment camp sites and the construction of a the vatican in March, said that nothing about the prob– a group of Ukrainian Canadian redress activists in national memorial in Ottawa. lems of the Toronto Eparchy had been discussed during Banff, Alberta, near the Castle Mountain internment 9 The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation's English- their meeting. operation. The politicians outlined how their parties language television network (СВС-ТУ) acceded to com– Also, in 1994, the laity of the Ukrainian Catholic view Canadian compensation. munity pressure in November and announced that it will Church decided to take matters of their Church into - A joint UCCLA-UCC brief was drafted following broadcast Mr. Luhovy's embattled internment documen– their own hands, citing a growing anxiety over many the meeting and submitted to Parks Canada and the tary, "Freedom Had a Price."^However, the network, concerns, including ecclesial, administrative and apos– Banff National Parks administration, it requested the which once questioned the program's objectivity and suit- tolic issues that are felt in the diaspora. Canadian government to preserve the Castle Mountain ability for broadcast, stops short of choosing an air date. The future direction of the Church, relations with the site and build a historical monument there. 9 On December 14, Canada's Secretary of State for vatican and the steep drop in membership were among 9 in October, UCC representative Bohdan Kordan Multiculturalism Sheila Finestone tells Ukrainian the issues mentioned in a document published in The left the redress negotiations in disgust because of the Canadians, along with five other Canadian ethnic Weekly on March 13, on the eve of the anniversary of turf war between the UCC and the UCCLA over who groups, that the Canadian government will not recog– the Treaty of Brest. The dramatic decline in Church represents Ukrainians regarding the issue. nize S400 million in redress claims for historic indigni– membership in the U.S. may leave Ukrainian Catholic 9 A month later, the UCCLA issued a 15-point ties. instead, Secretary Finestone announces the cre– parishes in American decimated within the next 40 internment-compensation claim to Canadian members ation of a S24 million Canadian Race Relations years. of Parliament and senators, calling for a national educa– Foundation to be based in Toronto. The Laity Council, an advisory body to the Patriarchal Society, held a conference on November 11- 13 at Manor Junior College in Jenkintown, Pa. The aim would receive two new auxiliary bishops, also named at of the conference was to begin revitalizing the Our Churches: the February conclave. These are the Rev. Julian Gbur Ukrainian Catholic Church from the grassroots level; it and the Rev. vasyl (ihor) Medvit. Bishop Gbur was was the outcome of the North American Declaration of given the titular See of Bareta, and Bishop Medvit was Ukrainian Catholic Concern, supported by a cross-sec– woes of the faithful given the titular See of Adriane. tion of laity. The Ukrainian Orthodox Church-Kyyiv Patriarchate, lthough Ukrainian civic and government leaders However, little was disclosed about the Synod; issues such as the current territory of the Church and its patri– headed by Patriarch volodymyr and based at St. complained that Ukraine's citizens were plagued volodymyr Sobor in Kyyiv, has about 2,000 parishes in not only by economic woes, but also by spiritual archal status were discussed, as well as the 50th A anniversary of the death of Servant of God Metropolitan Ukraine today, it experienced its own problems at the and cultural collapse in 1994, little was done to alleviate beginning of the year, as five bishops broke with the the situation. Andrey Sheptytsky, and preparations for the 1996 cele– brations of the 400th anniversary of the Treaty of Brest Church on December 29, 1993, to join the Moscow One of President Kuchma's first moves in office Patriarchate, claiming that the UOC-KP had no basis in and the 350th anniversary of the Union of Uzhhorod. was to create on July 22 a new department in the canon law. in an interview with The Weekly, Cardinal Cabinet of Ministers, the Ministry of Nationalities However, on December 5 of this year, the Supreme Lubachivsky also mentioned that the beatification of issues, immigration and Cults, and to appoint Mykola Council of the Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the Kyyiv Metropolitan Andrey was reviewed, along with various Shulha minister. The new Cabinet post eliminated the Patriarchate called on the citizens of Ukraine for a unifi– liturgical and administrative decisions, among them, the Council of Religious Affairs, but did little to create a cation of Ukraine's Orthodox Churches. situation of the Eparchy of Toronto. much-needed infrastructure for religious life in Ukraine. A council statement addressed to Orthodox believers For example, despite the fact that over 20,000 The Ukrainian hierarch said the Roman Apostolic emphasized that "Ukraine desperately needs unity of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholics live in Kyyiv, they continue See has a great interest in the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Churches now," and the state needs "a united National to worship in two small chapels in the capital city. Church and that the Church is continually gaining a Orthodox Church, without any conditions or reserva– Although they broke ground in the summer of 1993 for greater understanding in Rome. Metropolitan tions. Since there are no disputes of a dogmatic nature a church, no work has been done to build a new house volodymyr Sterniuk, who served the Underground between Orthodox believers in Ukraine, they must shed of worship because of problems with the city adminis– Church in Ukraine when it was banned for more than 40 all the political considerations that disunite them," said tration. years, disagreed; he expressed concern that Rome is try– the document. The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church in Lviv in ing to Latinize in Ukraine. The UOC-KP hierarchs have addressed the Ukrainian September opened the doors of its Theological "The vatican sent five Polish bishops of the Latin president, Parliament, the government and local authori– Seminary, which had been closed down in 1946 after rite to Ukraine. The priests they brought with them ties, asking for assistance in uniting the Orthodox in the Soviet regime banned the Church. began conducting liturgies in the Latin rite in Ukrainian, Ukraine. The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, which boasts in order to lure the faithful. They turn people's heads The Ukrainian Orthodox Church-KP held two synods 3.000 parishes in Ukraine, held a synod of bishops on this way, because there was never any basis for this here in 1994, on July 7 and on November 29-30, and the February 20-27 in Lviv under the guidance of Cardinal in Ukraine. Throughout Ukraine, the entire religious rite Church consecrated six new bishops. The Church has Myroslav ivan Lubachivsky and appointed three new has always been Eastern. We adhere to it, our Orthodox 21 eparchies, 14 monasteries and four seminaries. bishops, including Bishop Julian voronovsky as ordi– brethren adhere to it. The largest Orthodox Church in Ukraine is the nary of the recently created Eparchy of Sambir– "The vatican's main imposition on us is the appoint– Ukrainian Orthodox Church under the Moscow Drohobych. That announcement came on April 7 and he ment of bishops for our Church who are not nominated Patriarchate, which is based in the Monastery of the was installed on April 17. by our Synod," said the 87-year-old Galician hierarch, Caves in Kyyiv and headed by Metropolitan volodymyr On May 4 the Archeparchy of Lviv announced that it who visited Toronto in June. Sabadan. it numbers 6,000 parishes. 12 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52

1994: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW Ukrainian diaspora: news worldwide he Ukrainian World Congress (UWC), formerly the World Congress of Free Ukrainians, held the initial T meeting of its new presidium in Toronto January 21- 22. Chaired by UWC President Dr. Dmytro Сіру wnyk, the meeting was held to map out a new direction for the organi– zation. A chief concern that was addressed was to review past fiscal problems. Member-organizations have decided to supply the central body a skeletal budget after past fiscal irregularities. The Presidium also evaluated its role in coor– dinating aid to Ukraine and decided to establish accountabil– ity procedures to assure the money is spent efficiently. The organization decided not to sanction the actions of the newly formed international Committee for Democracy and State Development in Ukraine (1CDSD). it explained that the 1CDSD should work through the Ukrainian Canadian Congress. Other news in the diaspora included the following. -The first preparatory meeting of the 1995 World Conference on Women was held March 2-18 at the United Nations and attended by 1,000 individuals. Notably, several Ukrainians took leadership roles at the Yaroslav Kulynych meeting. Olga Stawnychy, a member of the New York Task Force of the Committee on the Status of Women, The UNA5s centennial concert in Carnegie Hall. had an opportunity to address the body. She expressed a concern that East European women should be included composer ivan Karabyts titled " Jubilee Cantata." The at the conference. She said that these women need The UNA moves into piece for choir, soprano, bass, piano, cello and percus– moral and financial assistance during the critical time of sion, had lyrics by Ukrainian author Mykola Rudenko. transition. She emphasized that the voices of these Performers at the concert were the Dumka Chorus of women must be heard. She said that it is important to its second century New York, the Ukrainian National Choir, Metropolitan speak with them and not for them. he Ukrainian National Association began the Opera bass Paul Plishka, New York City Opera soprano Helen Prociuk, NGO representative to the United year by proclaiming that it would be dedicated to Oksana Krovytska, pianist Mykola Suk, cellist Nations from the World Movement of Mothers and a the anniversary of the founding of this fraternal volodymyr Panteleyev and the Leontovych String T Quartet. Pianist Genya Paley and percussionist Michael member of the Women's Movement on Sustainable organization 100 years ago on February 22, 1894, in Development and Environmental Crisis, was able to Shamokin, Pa. "With reverence for the past, with a Sgourous were accompanists. Among the many promi– convince the caucus to include in its agenda the prob– vision for the future," was the adopted motto for the nent guests in attendance were Ukraine's ambassador to lem of nuclear and radioactive waste. Ms. Prociuk and centennial celebration, which the Supreme Executive the United States, Oleh Bilorus, and Pavlo Movchan, Ms. Stawnychy prepared a statement on behalf of both Committee urged all members, branches and districts to president of the Prosvita Ukrainian Language Society. their organizations regarding this topic. mark with appropriate activities. The next day, the UNA hosted a centennial reception 9 The first-ever Congress of Nationalities of Russia Among the first anniversary celebrations of the year at its Home Office in Jersey City, N.J., for its employ– took place on April 29 in Moscow. The 6 million was The Ukrainian Weekly's special issue dedicated to ees, Supreme Assembly members and specially invited Ukrainians living in Russia were represented by the the centenary, published with the date of February 20. guests. Also present were several representatives of the umbrella Organization of Ukrainians of Russia (OUR). The issue contained a special 12-page pull-out section Ukrainian government: Ambassador Bilorus, New York Besides Ukrainians, among the 15 ethnic minorities that that offered a decade-by-decade look, via photographs Consul General viktor Kryzhanivsky; Acting Chief of sent representatives were Georgians, Armenians, Jews, and texts, at "The Ukrainian National Association's the U.N. Mission volodymyr Khandogy; Georgiy Greeks, Azeris, Kazakhs, Koreans and Turks. First Century" and offered other items of historical Cherniavsky, presidential adviser on protocol; and The one-day affair agreed to work to develop a con– interest about this unique Ukrainian institution. Serhiy Buriak, consultant to the president of Ukraine. sultative assembly of nationalities in the Russian Other centennial publications included the UNA Centennial celebrations continued throughout the Parliament to support ethnic culture and education. Almanac for 1994 and a special issue of Svoboda. A year, with events held from Chicago to Miami, from The OUR, which is registered with the Russian gov– history of the UNA written by Dr. Myron B. Kuropas Philadelphia to Detroit, from Cleveland to New York ernment, has a quite aggressive agenda which includes: on the occasion of the 100th anniversary was completed and elsewhere. sustaining the national rebirth of Ukrainians in Russia; and was being readied for publication, though not by the Quadrennial convention working for democratic values and democratic reforms; University of Toronto Press as originally envisioned. supporting reconciliation in Ukrainian-Russian rela– Centennial festivities got into full swing as the UNA Also at the beginning of 1994, the UNA announced tions; and cooperating with other ethnic unions. sponsored a gala concert at Carnegie Hall on Saturday, that its 33rd regular convention would be held in 9 The Ukrainian World Congress held a European February 19. The event was highlighted by the world Pittsburgh at the Pittsburgh Hilton and Towers Hotel on Regional Conference in Warsaw, Poland, on June 18- premiere of the specially commissioned work by Kyyiv May 6-Ю. At the quadrennial conclave, the 242 delegates 19. Thirty-five delegates attended the gathering, led by WCU President Dmytro Cipywnyk and General Secretary Yaroslaw Sokolyk. The main reason for the conference was to discuss the activities and problems of the Ukrainian community in Europe and to agree on cooperation in administering aid to Ukraine. Each delegation presented a detailed account of it activities. Delegations from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania formally applied for membership. 9 An Australian member of Parliament of Ukrainian heritage was assassinated on September 5 in the country's first-ever politically motivated killing. John Newman (Naumenko) was gunned down outside his home in a drive-by shooting as his wife looked on. They had just returned from a meeting of the Labor Party, of which he was a member. Mr. Newman had recently received death threats linked to his role as a crusader for the rights of Asian minorities in Cabramatta, the area he represented. More than 2,000 people turned out on September 9 for the slain leader's state funeral, among them Prime Minister Paul Keating. 9 The 12th Conference of Ukrainian Plast Organizations was held in East Hanover, N.J., on October 8-10. Delegates came from Austria, Canada, Germany, Great Britain, Poland, Ukraine, the United States and Latvia. Argentina and Slovakia were represented by local Plast members. The newly elected Supreme Plast Bulava Marta Kolomayets is headed by Dr. Yuriy Slusarczuk, while the Supreme Plast Council is chaired by Dr. Orest Hawryluk. Members of the UNA General Assembly are sworn in at the convention. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 13

representing 247 UNA branches throughout the United American community, better relations and increased States and Canada re-elected Ulana Diachuk as president, cooperation between branch secretaries and the insur– Scholarship: Ukraine approved changes to the UNA By-Laws and adopted a ance sales force, further development of the UNA Fund series of resolutions aimed at directing the UNA's activity for the Rebirth of Ukraine, and activation of the already at the beginning of the second century of its existence. chartered Ukrainian National Foundation that was to is ignored no longer Also re-elected as executive officers were vice– oversee projects aimed at helping Ukraine; expansion of President Nestor Olesnycky and Treasurer Alexander the Kyyiv Press Bureau and the opening of a press hile 1993 was a period of an explosion in Blahitka. New faces on the executive committee are bureau in Toronto; and convening the next UNA con– Ukrainian scholarship, this year witnessed a vice-Presidentess Anya Dydyk-Petrenko, Director for vention in Canada to underscore the importance of the Wconsolidation of its standing in the world, in Canada Peter Savaryn and Secretary Martha Lysko. The Ukrainian community in that country and the UNA's the past, the sheer intellectual weight of individual retirement of Supreme Secretary Walter Sochan after 45 commitment to expanding its activities there. luminaries such as Harvard's Omeljan Pritsak and years of dedicated service to the UNA was met with A traveling photo exhibit dedicated to the 100th Columbia University's George Shevelov dictated that regret on the part of the delegates, who offered him a anniversary of the UNA was unveiled at the UNA Ukraine, although on the back burner, could not be five-minute standing ovation in recognition of his work. Convention. A companion catalogue to that exhibit was ignored entirely, increasingly, the country's enduring But perhaps the biggest news was the amount of printed at year's end. Other convention events dedicated presence on the geopolitical map has forced academic young blood and new ideas injected into the 14-member to the centennial were the convention banquet at which institutions to pay greater attention to matters concern– board of advisors, as seven new advisors were elected. Dr. Myron B. Kuropas delivered the keynote address, ing Ukraine and Ukrainians. This has given voices such Among them were two new advisors who had followed reflecting on 100 years of UNA history, and the concert as those of Harvard's Prof. Roman Szporluk greater res– in the footsteps of their families: Stefko Kuropas and on the Pittsburgh University Campus dubbed the onance in government and academic circles. Taras Szmagala Jr. For the record, eight of the 25 mem– "Festival of Ukrainian Songs and Dances." in Ukraine, freedom had an ugly economic face, and bers of the newly elected General Assembly are under The newly elected General Assembly officially took this was felt in terms of sharp reductions in faculty, the age 50. in fact, if the significant growth in size of the the helm on July 1. Supreme Secretary Sochan was closure or crippling of many research institutes, and Youth Caucus at the convention is any indication, there given a retirement luncheon at the Home Office, at contraction of research and publishing budgets. is no dearth of youth willing and able to become active which he was bid a fond farewell by his co-workers and Meanwhile, the necessary streamlining of the bloated in this oldest and largest Ukrainian organization in the colleagues at the UNA, Svoboda, The Ukrainian academic administrative apparat was stifled by politics world. Perhaps that is why this caucus sought the cre– Weekly and the Svoboda Press. Also around that time, and inertia. This was particularly apparent at Kyyiv ation of a standing committee on youth, a suggestion The Weekly noted the passing of "supremeness" as the State University and Ukraine's Academy of Sciences. that the convention delegates approved. new officers were president, vice-president, auditor, However, renewed academic freedom can galvanize The passing of the baton, so to speak, to the younger advisor, etc., sans "supreme." scholars as money only wishes it could. With borders now generation was noted by President Diachuk in her The first meeting of the new UNA Executive fully open and the society professing to be democratic, the acceptance speech: "My thanks go out to those dele- Committee was held August 5. Notable decisions primary brakes were now gone. The Kyyiv-Mohyla gates who correctly understood that the future of this included the creation, in accordance with convention Academy, led by its able and charismatic former rector organization lies to a great extent in their hands and cast resolutions, of both a Youth Committee (a standing and new president, viacheslav Brioukhovetsky, posi– their vote in favor of candidates from the younger gen– committee) and a special committee charged with erect– tioned itself as the prime beneficiary of these changes. eration, who indicated their willingness to work in the ing a monument to the late Patriarch Mstyslav 1 of the in North America, the world's nascent interest in General Assembly for the benefit and the growth of the Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church on the Ukraine was capitalized upon because the legacy of UNA. We have great hope in their contributions." grounds of Soyuzivka. The first review of UNA opera– Ukrainian scholarly excellence had generated Ukrainian tions and those of its subsidiaries was conducted by the institutions at schools that mattered, in 1994, Harvard's Out with "supremes" new Auditing Committee on November 14-16. Ukrainian Research institute, the University of Alberta- Other hot news was deletion of the term "supreme" based Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies, and Myriad projects from the UNA lexicon. No more supreme president, no Columbia's Harriman institute played a major role in more supreme auditors, or supreme advisors. The Among the many projects sponsored by the UNA the arduous task of reorienting the academic world to Supreme Assembly is now the General Assembly. New during 1994 was "Youth Alternative," a get-out-the– confront post-Soviet reality. provisions in the By-Laws also provided for expansion vote initiative targeted at the young adults of Ukraine Resurfacing in New York of UNA activity beyond the United States and Canada, before the March 27 parliamentary elections. The brain- and recognized that the UNA now has two official pub– child of Freedom House, the project was financed by a A Ukrainian studies program "reappeared" at lications (no longer referred to in the By-Laws as UNA grant of S57,000. Columbia University's Harriman institute to serve as a "organs"), that is the Ukrainian-language daily newspa– in April, the UNA held a workshop for volunteer center of Ukrainian academic gravity in the New York per Svoboda and The Ukrainian Weekly, which is pub– instructors who would be participating in the annual area, thanks to the efforts of associate director Prof. lished in the English language. "Teaching English in Ukraine" program, a joint project Alexander Motyl and Prof. Mark von Hagen (who was Another amendment provides for elimination of the of the UNA and the Prosvita Society and the brainchild nominated for the directorship in early December), as well post of vice-presidentess, creating instead the position of Prof. Zirka voronka. During the summer months, for as support from various endowments and the community. of second vice-president; the current position of vice- the fourth straight year in a row, some 100 instructors in March, at a gala held by the Friends of Columbia president will be called first vice-president. These two traveled to various regions of Ukraine. Some of them University Ukrainian Studies (FOCUUS), a shot was changes, however, will not become effective until the got together at Soyuzivka in September for a weekend fired across the bow of those who persist in hanging on to next elections at the 1998 convention. reunion to discuss their experiences, share teaching tips the past instead of re-examining it. The keynote speaker At the next convention, incidentally, there are sure to and offer suggestions on how to make the program even was the author of the landmark study of the famine of be even more amendments to the UNA By-Laws as, due better in the years to come. 1932-1933, "The Harvest of Sorrow," former Columbia to time constraints, all the proposals for changes sub– The UNA's Scholarship Committee met at the Home fellow Robert Conquest. He assured the gathering that mitted by the By-Laws Committee could not be acted Office on June 24 and approved the allocation of S98,900 those who would deny the reality of the famine are now upon at the 1994 convention. in scholarships to 225 UNA members who are undergradu– within the same "mule-headed minority" that refuse to The convention delegates approved a 1994 budget ate students enrolled in colleges and universities through- acknowledge the Holocaust. FOCUUS also flexed its that foresees income of S16.2 million and expenses of out the United States and Canada. Other members beneflt– economic muscle, proudly announcing continued gener– Si 1.8 million. They also approved various expenditures ed from their membership when the organization paid out ous support from Canadian patron Peter Jacyk (who has for the UNA's subsidiary operations, including the a dividend of S1 million at the beginning of the year. contributed 375,000 to the program), and generating a Svoboda Press, Soyuzivka, the UNA Washington Office On August 20, the UNA headquarters hosted a confer– five-figure purse during the course of the evening. and the Canadian Office, as well as an allocation of ence focusing on United States foreign assistance to The program served up a compelling array of cours– S50,000 that went toward supporting numerous organi– Ukraine, its purpose: to share information gathered by the es, conferences and lectures delivered by visiting schol– zations and projects in the Ukrainian diaspora. UNA Washington Office on assistance to Ukraine and how ars and officials from the U.S. and around the world. Of special interest to delegates was the fate of such funds are disbursed, as well as tips on how Ukrainian The latter included World Bank economist Francoise Le Svoboda, as there was fear that the oldest continually American organizations that sponsor projects aimed at Gall; visiting German scholar Marion Recktenwald; published Ukrainian daily in the world would succumb helping Ukraine can apply for government grants for their Canada's assistant deputy minister for Europe, David to the high costs of printing and postage. There had been endeavors. The principal speaker was Eugene iwanciw, Wright; New York psychiatrist Dr. Jurij Savyckyj; and various proposals, including those presented by the director of the Washington Office and a UNA advisor. R. Nicholas Burns of the Clinton administration's UNA's supreme treasurer and supreme president, that There was other UNA news as well. National Security Council. the frequency of Svoboda's publication be limited. Lada Jawny was selected as Miss Soyuzivka 1995 dur– in addition to the teaching done by Profs, von Hagen Delegates would have none of that, however, and they ing the annual ceremonies held in August in conjunction and Motyl, courses introduced by the program included voted to increase the prices of subscriptions to the daily, with Ukrainian independence Day observances at the an examination of 20th century Ukrainian poetry, pre– as well as for The Ukrainian Weekly and the Ukrainian- upstate New York resort. She became Soyuzivka's 39th sented with typical iconoclastic flair by Dr. Yuriy language children's magazine published by the UNA, "Miss." Tarnavsky, a member of the New York Group of poets. veselka. Atanas Slusarczuk, 86, was named the UNA's An offering on Ukrainian history was taught by Lviv There were other controversial issues raised at the Fraternalist of the Year and later was chosen for the same University's Dr. Yaroslav Hrytsak. convention, including: questions regarding the role, effi– distinction by the National Fraternal Congress of America. in mid-year, it was announced that the New York cacy and cost of the UNA's insurance sales department; He was honored at the NFCA convention in Scottsdale, Group's manuscripts, correspondence and other materi– allegations of executive officers' "stonewalling" of Ariz., in September, receiving an award and a S500 check al will form a separate collection at Columbia's presti– supreme auditors' requests for information; and discus– for his favorite charity, which he promptly transferred to gious Bakhmeteff Archive. sion over whether the fraternal aspect of the organiza– the UNA Fund for the Rebirth of Ukraine. in May, the Harriman institute, together with HUR1 tion had been neglected. During 1994, the UNA mourned the passing of many and the Ukrainian Academy of Arts and Sciences, hon– Resolutions adopted by delegates called for a market– of its members, among them Stefania Halychyn, 81, ored one of the diaspora's most erudite scholars, the lin– ing strategy for UNA publications, a special conference wife of former longtime Supreme President Dmytro guist and literary critic Prof. George Shevelov, with a to examine the demographics of the Ukrainian Halychyn (1950-1961). conference dedicated to his work. The institute co-spon– 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25, 1994 No. 52

1994: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW sored a cycle of conferences on the Black Sea region and І world in a completely new light." Theology. Effective January 1, the Rev. Peter Galadza the Crimea, held over the course of the year in Turkey, On November 30, Francois Mathys, Canada's ambas– was appointed to a tenure-track position as the first full- Ukraine and the U.S. in November, it hosted a scholarly sador to Ukraine, sent a letter concerning the Encyclopedia time professor of Byzantine liturgy. conclave addressing the study of "Peoples, Nations and to the ClUS in which he stated: "1 am immensely grateful From June 18 to July 16, the institute held its seventh identities: The Russian-Ukrainian Encounter, 1800- to the competent and knowledgeable team of scholars who annual summer session on Eastern Christian studies at 1917." it was the second in a series of conferences cover– have contributed to produce a truly indispensable learning Mount Tabor Monaster in California. This session was ing relations between the two nations from the 16th cen– tool about Ukraine." unique because for the first time it included students tury to the present, which, many participants claimed, Another monumental ClUS project is gathering momen– from Ukraine. The three all work at the Lviv-based will do much to direct the field in a healthier direction. tum. The ClUS's Peter Jacyk Center for Ukrainian institute of Church History, founded by the Sheptytsky Historical Research is producing an English translation of institute's Prof. Borys Gudziak as one of the units of a Harvard Mykhailo Hrushevsky's 10-volume "istoria Ukrainy-Rusy" revitalized Lviv Theological Academy, over which America's leading academic institution was the site (History of Ukraine-Rus'). in a report to the Canadian Metropolitans Sheptytsky and Josyf Slipyj presided. of a similar re-orientative conference addressing Foundation for Ukrainian Studies (which agreed to con- On September 22, St. Paul University's Chancellor "Ukraine: Current Trends, Future Perspectives." From tribute S50,000 to the effort, and which assisted in the pro– Marcel Gervais, the Roman Catholic archbishop of Ottawa, July 31 to August 5, five days of intensive seminars and duction of the EU), the center's director, Dr. Frank Sysyn, formally launched a degree program in Eastern Christian discussions addressing issues in domestic politics, soci– said the first volume will appear in print in late 1995. studies. The program and the attendant Chair of Eastern ety and culture, law and economics, foreign affairs and The Jacyk Center also began its series of Ukrainian- Christian Theology was made possible by a Si million international security issues, were attended by a raft of language translations of historical works by Western (Canadian) endowment established by Peter and Doris Kule U.S. government officials. scholars with the publication of the late Dr. ivan of Edmonton. As a result, St. Paul's became the first uni– in May, Harvard hosted a 11.S, Department of Defense- Lysiak-Rudnytsky's "Historical Essays." versity in the Western hemisphere to offer Eastern Christian sponsored conference on Ukrainian military history, orga– in September, ClUS announced the establishment of a studies from the undergraduate to doctoral levels. nized by HUR1 Associate Director Dr. Lubomyr Hajda and new program in Ukrainian religious history, occasioned in Simultaneously, the Sheptytsky institute's director intern U.S. Army Capt. Bohdan Pyskir. Participants includ– part by the decision of Prof. Bohdan Bociurkiw to donate since 1989, the Rev. Dr. Andriy Chirovsky, was ed, from Ukraine, former Defense Minister Kostiantyn his extensive library and archive to the institute. installed as the first Peter and Doris Kule Professor of Eastern Christian Theology and Spirituality. Morozov; Lt. Gen. ivan Olenovych, deputy superintendent The University of Kyyiv-Mohyla Academy of the army's Military Academy; Col. Yuriy Levchenko, Metropolitan Andrey was also the subject of a number chief of the Ministry of Defense Foreign Directorate; and in the rarefied and virtually cashless air of Ukrainian of scholarly conferences, including a single-day com– Washington Embassy Military Attache Dior Smeshko. academia, one institution was able to make its mark as a memorative event devoted to the great humanitarian and Adding weight to the proceedings from the U.S. side vibrant center for teaching and scholarship. After a ecumenist held by the Shevchenko Scientific Society in were former NATO general staff member Maj. Gen. three-year struggle, the University of Kyyiv-Mohyla New York on November 5. Among the participants were Nicholas Krawciw, James Brusstar of the U.S. institute Academy established itself as "the most prestigious Kurt Lewin, the son of Lviv Chief Rabbi itzhak Lewin, of National Strategic Studies, representatives of the institution of higher learning in Ukraine," as its newly who survived the Holocaust because Sheptytsky hid him State Department and members of the military-industri– elected president, viacheslav Brioukhovetsky, wrote in in the library of the Lviv Theological Academy (his father al think-tank, the Rand Corp. a commentary for The Weekly. was killed before his eyes). Mr. Lewin's book, "A From June 27 to August 19, HUR1 conducted its 24th Dr. Brioukhovetsky visited the U.S. and Canada in Journey through illusions," was published this year by annual Summer institute with a wide-ranging program November along with rector Serhiy ivaniuk to sign a Fithian Press in Santa Barbara, Calif. of instruction by Harvard's world-class faculty and vis– number of agreements with local universities, and pre– iting professors. sent grant applications to major foundations. Mr. Other highlights of diasporan academia Mr. Morozov returned to Cambridge in September to ivaniuk, the UKMA's first dean and founder of its 9 Although the announcement was made late in the year, spend a year as a senior scholar at Harvard University's Faculty of the Humanities, was appointed rector in it will certainly prove to be one of its more significant John F. Kennedy School of Government, to maintain con- August, after Dr. Brioukhovetsky was elected to the events. On October 28, Yale University President Richard tact with leading U.S. scholars and government officials, newly created position of president. C. Levin announced that the Chopivsky Family Foundation and deepen his knowledge of Ukrainian history. Mr. in 1994, the UKMA had a fiercely contested enroll– had made a Si million (U.S.) fund to support the study of Morozov founded the Center for Research on Problems of ment of 628 students, drawn from all oblasts of Ukraine Ukraine. The foundation is headed by United Psychiatric Ukrainian Statehood in Kyyiv just prior to his departure. and the Crimea, as well as from Canada, the U.S., Group founder and chairman Dr. George Chopivsky (Yale Germany, Poland, Japan, China, Finland and italy. They class 1969), also known for his support of the UKMA. The The Canadian institute of Ukrainian Studies were taught by just under 150 members of a faculty new fund will be used to purchase books for Yale-wide use On July 1, Dr. Zenon Kohut became the new director which, by years end, included former President Leonid and to provide scholarships and grants for tuition, travel and of the ClUS, after serving as acting director from Kravchuk (an early supporter of the academy). Over the other expenses of students and scholars, it will be adminis– January 1, 1993. Prof. David Marples, a frequent con– past two years, over 60 visiting professors and instruc– tered by the Yale Center for international and Area Studies. tributor to The Weekly, replaced Dr. Kohut as director tors from around the world had lectured there. m in April, organizers, participants and supporters of of the Stasiuk Program on Contemporary Ukraine. Supported by the international Friends of the UKMA, the Ukrainian Student Association in the U.S.A. in a Weekly interview, Dr. Kohut outlined the insti– the university established the best computer classrooms (USA7USA) held their inaugural meeting at Columbia tute's activities and his plans for the future of the ClUS's in the country, an extensive library, a foreign language University to discuss the recruitment of students from offices in Edmonton, Toronto and Kyyiv. He also dis– lab, physics and geology laboratories and a modern Ukraine, the provision of educational studies in the cussed ClUS's participation in the Ukrainian community's print shop. Of all the universities in Ukraine, the U.S., and the difficulties in managing exchanges. effective rebuff of an attempt by Ralph K^m'sProgressiv^r UKMA is the only one where lectures ate conducted 9 On June 9, during the Congress of Canadian Learned Conservative government to eliminate bilingual Ukrainian- exclusively in Ukrainian, except for those by visiting Societies in Calgary, Alberta, the ecumenical Canadian English instruction in Alberta, in this western Canadian scholars who provide instruction in English. Association of Eastern Christian Studies was formed to province, voter discontent over a mounting deficit was According to Dr. ivaniuk, who visited The Weekly address issues the many aspects of Eastern Christianity, used to excuse a wholesale assault on the province's health offices, the UKMA intends to establish a working internet whether Orthodox, Eastern Catholic (Uniate) or Oriental and educational systems. Fiscal slashing led to the closure hub for Ukraine, and is gathering funds for this capital- Orthodox. Fifteen scholars from various religious back- of whole departments at the ClUS's parent University of intensive project. The UKMA's other major projects grounds from universities across Canada attended the Alberta, but in light of ClUS's excellence, the cut it faced include a Museum of the Diaspora and the restoration of inaugural organizational meeting. Dr. Andrii Krawchuk of was limited to five percent of its budget. the church and the residence of Halashka Hulevych, 16th the Sheptytsky institute was elected secretaryAreasurer Despite this harsh environment, Dr. Kohut reported century buildings where the academy is located. and announced that its first conference will be held in June 1995. full-steam cooperation with scholars from Ukraine, an Other doings in Ukraine ongoing strong commitment to the Ukrainian Language 9 in August, the School of Area Studies at the U.S. Education Center (headed by Marusia Petryshyn) and its in late May, the "Kyyiv 94-lnternational Education State Department Foreign Service institute established a NOvA program, as well as to the Ukrainian Canadian Fair" was conducted in the Ukrainian capital at the ini– Ukrainian area studies program geared for the training studies program, headed by Dr. Frances Swyripa. The tiative of the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. foreign service officers who would serve in Ukraine. Journal of Ukrainian Studies published volume 17, and information Agency and various congressional leaders. The program was organized and will be conducted by Roman Senkus of the Toronto ClUS Publication Office The conference was organized by Dr. Edward Lozansky, Roman Popadiuk, who served as the first U.S. ambas– reassumed the editorship and sent volume 18 to press. president of American international University in sador to Ukraine from 1992 to 1993. New titles issued by ClUS Press, directed by Prof. Moscow, with Petro Talanchuk, Ukraine's minister of 9 The 13th annual summer conference on Ukrainian Maxim Tarnawsky, included studies of German- education, delivering the welcoming address. subjects was held at the University of illinois at Ukrainian relations, the philosopher Hryhoriy Skovoroda, On October 17-24, the Lviv Polytechnic, Ukraine's old– Champaign-Urbana, on two main themes: "Censorship and Ukrainians of the Eastern Diaspora. ClUS initiated its est, marked its 150th anniversary together with a number in Ukraine and Ukrainian Publications," coordinated by joint project in Russian-Ukrainian relations by co-spon– of diasporan alumni. Rector Yevhen Rudavsky greeted the Prof. Bohdan Rubchak of the host institution, and soring conferences at the University of Cologne in June celebrants and presided over a program that focused on the "Ukraine in Transition, 1990-1994," coordinated by and Columbia University in November. school's past successes and its needs and vision for the Prof. Taras Hunczak of Rutgers University. Dr. Kohut mentioned that excellent sales of the five- future. Considered commercially successful, the teaching - The October 30 issue of The Weekly carried an volume Encyclopedia of Ukraine (EU), completed in and research facility is pursuing contracts worth Si million announcement that the Kyyiv-based Pylyp Orlyk institute 1993 after an intensive 17-year effort, buoyed the ClUS with firms from Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and Canada. was awarded a Si00,000 grant from the National financially. The Weekly carried a story about the June 2 The Sheptytsky institute and Sheptytskiana Endowment for Democracy in Washington. The grant official presentation of the reference work by its editor- allows the U.S.-Ukraine Foundation, a non-profit organi– in-chief, Prof. Danylo Struk, in Kyyiv before a gather– in the year of the 50th anniversary of Metropolitan zation promoting democracy and free market economics ing of Ukraine's academic heavyweights in government Andrey Sheptytsky's death, it was fitting that the theologi– in Ukraine, to continue its policy of providing national and scholarly institutions. Minister of Culture ivan cal institute in Ottawa bearing his name made great strides. policy-makers in the country with accurate and timely Dzyuba said the EU gave scholars and politicians alike The Sheptytsky institute of Eastern Christian Studies information from the West, opportunities fpr education "the possibility to present the image of Ukraine to the І is an academic unit of St. Paul University's Faculty of and research materials on policy issues. No. 52 ^^^^ THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 15

patronage of the Embassy of Ukraine. The cultural scene: e The Les Kurbas Young Theater, under the direction of its founder volodymyr Kuchinsky, was in New York for the American debut of "Yarn's Forest Song," direct– a diverse season ed by Уігіапа Tkacz and in collaboration with the Kurbas Young Theater. The play, based on Lesia he year witnessed yet another notable and diverse Ukrainka's "Lisova Pisnia," was staged at La MaMa cultural season, enriched by the visits of prominent E.T.C., June 10-26. The group went on to stage Tartists and performers from Ukraine. Ukrainian excerpts from its repertoire, Hryhoriy Skovoroda's "The musicians and Ukrainian music continued to be heard in Grateful Erody" and volodymyr vynnychenko's recitals and leading concert halls, with new accomplished "Between Two Powers," in performances for the performers appearing on the scene. But perhaps most note- Ukrainian community in New York, Chicago, worthy this year was the screening and staging of Philadelphia, Hunter, N.Y., and Cambridge, Mass. Ukrainian film and theater. Theater members are Oleh Drach, Tetiana Kaspruk, Mr. Among the highlights were the following. Kuchinsky, Natalka Polovynka and Andrei vodichev. 9 Film The outstanding performance of the season was the appearance of Bohdan Stupka, leading stage and film 9 Montreal filmmaker Yurij Luhovy's feature documen– actor of Ukraine, along with his son, Ostap Stupka, in taries were both the object of acclaim and controversy. Mr. The lvan Franko State Drama Theater of Kyyiv produc– Luhovy (who garnered awards for his 1983 film on the tion of "Notes of a Madman." An adaptation of Gogol's Stalin-led Ukrainian famine, "Harvest of Despair" ), was "The Diary of a Madman," under the direction of Wasyl named best editor at the Atlantic Film Festival for his inter- Sechin and Yulian Panich, the work was first presented nationally acclaimed 1992 film on the Mohawk uprising at abroad at the Edinburgh international Theater Festival, Oka, Quebec, "Kanehsatake: 270 Years of Resistance." August 14-September 3. The play opened in New York His latest National Film Board documentary "Freedom had at La MaMa E.T.C. on November 25 and went on tour a Price," which deals with Canada's internment operation of major Ukrainian communities through December 18. (1914-1920) of Ukrainian immigrants as "enemy aliens" 9 The Ukrainian Music and Drama Theater of during World War 1, received an honorable mention at the Odessa under the direction of its artistic director, ihor 42nd Columbus international Film and video Festival in Ravitsky, staged the North American premiere of Ohio in October. The Canadian Broadcasting Corp., "Marilyn Mudrow," at the Prairie Theatre Exchange of despite manifest public support of televising the documen– Mykola Ko!essa Winnipeg, November 3-December 5. The contemporary tary, had initially refused to show the film. After months of play, with screenplay by Nikolai Koljada, offers a stalling and excuses the CBC will finally air the program on the West Coast. Under Dr. Kuzma's direction, the glimpse of the ugly reality of life in the Soviet Union on both its main network and on its 24-hour Newsworld UC has enjoyed stellar reviews from Bay Area music just before its disintegration. cable channel, with broadcast dates yet to be confirmed. critics for its eclectic and challenging repertoire. 9 Kyyiv artists Svitlana vatamaniuk of the Molodizhnyi 9 A jubilee concert honoring Mykola Kolessa, the dis– 9 While in New York early in the year in connection Teater, soprano Nadia Petrenko-Matviychuk, and pianist tinguished and influential Ukrainian composer, conductor with the screening of his critically acclaimed film Svitlana Hlukh presented 'The Poetry of Lesia Ukrainka in and pedagogue, was held at Carnegie's Weili Recital "Famine 33" at the Film Forum theater, Kyyiv-based Song and Recitation." The performance, a dramatization of Hall in New York on October 9. With the maestro pre– film director Oles Yanchuk announced that his next pro– the love life of the poetess, was held at the Ukrainian sent, a select group of performers, including pianist ject, titled "Atentat," will focus on the Ukrainian institute of America in New York on November 5 and was Maria Krushelnytska, soprano Oksana Krovytska, violin– insurgent Army (UPA) and post-war emigration of staged in various venues of the Ukrainian community in ist Bohdan Kaskiv, cellist Kharytyna Kolessa and violist Ukrainians to Western Europe. New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania. Halyna Kolessa, offered highlights from Mr. Kolessa's 9 "An American Portrait of Ukraine," an exhibit by body of chamber music. The jubilee celebrations of the the award-winning photojournalist Wilton S. Tifft, a Music maestro's 90th birthday, which commenced in his native man who hopes to change the West's perception of 9 Canadian jazz pianist John Stetch, who has become Lviv in December 1993, continued with subsequent con- Ukraine through his photographs, was held in Kyyiv in increasingly involved in the New York jazz scene, com– certs in Philadelphia at the Ukrainian Cultural and October under the auspices of the United States pleted a cross-Canada tour with his quartet launching Educational Center on October 11 and in Toronto at the Embassy after having traveled throughout Ukraine for his second CD, "Carpathian Blues." Released in Glenn Gould Studio on October 16. more than a year, with shows in vinnytsia, Chernivtsi, February, the disc has received very favorable reviews 9 Zaporizhzhia, Zhytomyr and Kharkiv. The exhibit, Three singers from Ukraine appeared in principal in the leading Canadian press. roles in the New York City Opera production of comprising some 200 prints out of the 42,000 photos 9 taken over a three-year period since Ukraine's indepen– Among the handful of prominent women in choral Borodin's "Prince igor," which opened on September dence in 1991, was conceived by Mr. Tifft as part of his and symphonic conducting, Marika Kuzma, director, 10, and were heard in other NYCO ventures through the intent "... to give an insight into a country and its peo– since 1990, of the University Chorus at the University season. Soprano Oksana Krovytska of Lviv appeared in ple, a culture with a rich heritage that has been scattered of California at Berkeley, has consistently captured the the role of Yaroslavna, tenor viadimir Grishko of and distorted among the pages of revisionist history but attention of music critics and the respect of composers Kyyiv sang the role of viadimir igorevich, and bass now is being collected once again to be placed in its rightful perspective." 9 The documentary film "1 Bude Novyi Den," (And a New Day Will Come), produced by Bohdan Diatsenko at the Kyyivnaukfilm Studio of the National Cinemateque of Ukraine, premiered before a Filmmakers' and Critics Union audience in Kyyiv in April. The film provides a comprehensive and balanced survey of Ukrainian-Jewish relations through history. 9 The film "Night of Questions," by Kyyiv film director and screenplay writer Tetyana Mahar, with an international cast featuring ivar Kalnynsk, Уіга Hlaholyeva and Luba Demchuk, premiered at Washington's Kennedy Center in May and was screened in various Ukrainian communities. 9 "Journey into Dusk" a filmMdeo montage written and directed by Yuri Myskiw, with photography by Oleh Fedak, which depicts the last days of a fictional, modern poet, premiered in Chicago on October 29 at the Ukrainian institute of Modern Art. The film, which incorporates the poetry of the New York Group, starred Andre Maria Liatyshevsky and Zoriana Hrabova, with a special appearance by Lidia Krushelnytsky. 9 "Dora was Dysfunctional," a short comedy film by Ukrainian American director Andrea Odezynska, starring Joan Giammarco and John Glover, was screened at New, York University Tisch School of the Arts on December 17. Theater 9 This year witnessed the creation of The Cultural Fund of The Washington Group, under the direction of Laryssa Lapychak Chopivsky, with the aim of bringing Ukrainian arts and literature into the cultural main- stream, its inaugural event, featuring the Les Kurbas Young Theater of Lviv in the performance of the poetry of Bohdan ihor Antonych, was held June 5, under the Ostap Stupka (left) as the guard, Bohdan Stupka as Popryshchin. 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52

1994: THE YEAR 1N REY1EW

Sergey Zadvorny of Dnipropetrovske, made his debut as And so, the first time Ukraine's flag and anthem rose Khan Konchak. The three artists were featured promi– World adopts Baiul, above an Olympic podium for everyone to see, it was iientiy in a September 17 photo and story in The New thanks to an orphan named Oksana. Taras Shevchenko York Times. wouldn't have had it any other way. e At the Met, bass Sergei Koptchak, a native of the eth– Ukraine keeps rolling oicaily Ukrainian Priashiv region of Slovakia, appeared in THE TALE OF TWO SKAT1NG CENTERS Yerdi's "Rigoiletto," Mozart's "Don Giovanni" and nce again, the story in Ukrainian sport was the waif adopted by her coach (Halyna Zmiyevska) Profiting from the successes of Ukraine's competi– Shostakovich's "Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk," tors in figure skating and the increased attention paid 9 in cooperation with the Music and Art Center of Oand by the world — Oksana Baiul. Unfazed by the sport in general, plans for skating centers in Odessa Greene County, N.Y., a quartet of accomplished musi– the orgy of publicity swirling around the grotesquely American "Tonya and Nancy" drama, unbowed by and in Connecticut simultaneously went into high gear. cians from Lviv and Kyyiv, composer7pianist Myroslav Because of this parallel, confusion arose as to where Skoryk, pianist Anna Klymashivska, soprano Maria injuries (including a collision with a fellow competitor the day prior to a crucial skate), the 16-year-old from Ms. Baiul would live, for which country she would Hirska and baritone Oleh Chmyr, presented a progam of compete, and where she would train, despite a series of Ukrainian lieder and operatic arias in concert appear– Dnipropetrovske continued to grow and blossom. Columnist and best selling author Anne Roiphe clear statements issued to the press by Coach ances in major Ukrainian communities throughout the Zmiyevska and Ms. Baiul herself. The anwers: she will northeast, premiering at the Grazhda in Hunter, N.Y devoted a touching piece to Ms. Baiul in The New York Observer, imploring her to stay pure, to steer live in Odessa; compete for Ukraine; train in Odessa and including the program "New Faces, New voices and Connecticut. from Lviv," at the Sumner Museum in Washington on clear of the corrupting Holden Caulfields of the global arena. After a brief spat over the actual location of September 26. Connecticut's new international Skating Center, a site in 9 Pianist My kola Suk appeared in concert at Alice Her persona has been pulled into a duel between superagents. At first, along with fellow-Ukrainian and the town of Simsbury was chosen. Ms. Zmiyevska, Nina Tully Hall, Lincoln Center on October 23 in a program of Zmiyevska-Petrenko, Mr. Petrenko and Ms. Baiul all flew works by Beethoven, Bartok, Liszt and Sylvestrov. The adoptive Odessite "older brother" viktor Petrenko, she was "the jewel" of agent Michael Rosenberg's "stable." in for the groundbreaking ceremonies, which took place concert was sponsored by Shupp Artists Management inc. on April 22, with some 1,200 people in attendance. in association with the Ukrainian institute of America. Then Ukrainian presidential candidate and wheeler 9 dealer Yaleriy Babych pulled the plug on various Completion of the large complex (which includes one Cellist vagram Saradjian and pianist volodymyr Olympic size figure skating and one ice hockey rink) was vynnytsky, winners of the 1994 international Artists "Snickers" endorsement contracts (it's the chocolate bar Oksana said she likes before she was told that words are scheduled for September 15. Construction was completed Award, made their Carnegie Hall debut in a concert on in late October, and the official opening is scheduled for November 13. money), repatriating her "for the benefit of Ukraine" and the powerful William Morris New York-based January 1995. Adding to the tangle of fact and conjecture ' The chamber music of virko Baley, music director of was the wishful thinking of the local press, particularly of the Nevada Symphony and longstanding promoter of con- group of advertisers. After her win at the Winter Olympics, former the Hartford Courant, which carried mentions of details temporary Ukrainian music in the West, was presented by suggesting that Oksana was relocating to Connecticut per– the Ukrainian institute of America's Music at the institute President Leonid Kravchuk wisely included Ms. Baiul in his entourage for the official visit to Washington. manently. concert series, at New York's Weill Recital Hall on in fact, Ms. Baiul's commitment to Ukraine and November 21. The six works, which were performed by an U.S. President Bill Clinton ignored precedent and made Oksana the first Lillehammer Olympian (gasp, a for– Odessa could not be stronger. She took time out of her impressive roster of accomplished artists, represented a arduous Tour of World Figure Skating Champions to span of more than two decades of compositional activity. eigner!) in the White House. Nevertheless, as the year drew to a close, Ms. Baiul participate in a May 3 reception benefitting her home Dance seems to have managed to stay pure. She sat, like a fid– training facility, which is badly in need of renovation, as well as basic equipment, ranging from ice making 9 lrina Dvorovenko, a principal dancer of the Kyyiv gety flower, as one of Barbara Walters' choices for top– 10 most interesting people of the year, and the world's machines and a Zamboni, to figure skates for a new Ballet, and Maxim Belozerkovsky, a principal dancer generation of Petrenkos, Baiuls, Dmytrenkos, with the National Opera and Ballet Theater of Ukraine, sympathy and concern seemed to shine from the inter- viewer's eyes. Ms. Baiul cried at the mention of her Zahorodniuks and others who are ready to establish a appeared in New York in a concert billed as "Ballet lasting Ukrainian dynasty in the sport. Stars of Moscow." Ms. Dvorenko, who is in her early dead mother and looked down shyly. But then she 20s, is a gold medal recipient of the 1994 Serge Lifar smiled and stole our hearts. HOCKEY international Ballet Competition. Mr. Belozerkovsky WINTER OLYMPICS has been signed by American Ballet Theater. in early February, Ukraine's best hockey team, Kyyiv Sokil, spent a nightmarish week in eastern Canada because m Ukraine's national dance, the Hopak, with choreog– The 17th Winter Olympiad in Lillehammer in Toronto-based promoter Yevhen Stashkiv had enticed raphy by Roma Pryma Bohachevsky of New York, was Norway, was the first for a fully independent, separately them across the ocean (at the team's expense), promising featured in this season's cross-country tour of the recognized Team Ukraine, a contingent of 37 athletes. them games against top minor league teams in Quebec and acclaimed Duquesne University Tamburitzans with a The first medalist was Yalentyna Tserbe, who took the performance at the Fashion institute of Technology's bronze in the biathlon. The first gold medal went to Ms. Ontario. Haft Auditorium on October 29. Baiul. Mr. Petrenko, along with three other much her– When the team was marooned with no money, food, alded professionals returning briefly to amateur status, or accommodations in Niagara Falls, the local ART was somewhat disappointing, but he finished a solid Hungarian, Greek and Ukrainian communities chipped e in with donations of food and funds for necessities, and This year witnessed the appearance of "Terra fourth. Besides, he already won his gold, at Albertville. notified the CBC, Canada's national ТУ and radio net- incognita," a trilingual publication devoted to contempo– Ukraine finished 13th in the medal standings, with rary art in Ukraine edited by artist Hlib vyshesiavsky. The nine top-10 performances, and another 10 in the top-20. work, which gave the story full coverage. Legal pro– premiere issue, published in Kyyiv, came out in spring. ceedings against Mr. Stashkiv, who also allegedly e duped a number of choirs and dance groups, are still The Soros Center for Contemporary Art, which pending. opened in Kyyiv in May, inaugurated its activities with an art show on the subject of peace titled "Alchemic Minor leagues Surrender," held in July abroad the Ukrainian warship, Slavutych. The show, curated by SCCA's director, During the 1993-1994 campaign, young prospect Marta Kuzma, addressed the conflict in language and Yaleriy Slyvchenko played for Wheeling, a farm team for politics between the Russian and Ukrainian fleets in the the 1993 Stanley Cup champion Montreal Canadiens. He Black Sea port of Sevastopil. The exhibit and the artists led the East Coast Hockey League in goal scoring for over received international attention. The SCCA also spon– four months, but a separated shoulder sidelined him just sored, in October, the showings of works by Ukrainian prior to the playoffs. artists at the Sao Paulo Biennale in Brazil and at the For the 1994-1995 campaign, now strike-crippled, international "Project for Europe" exhibition in one of the hottest prospects was 18-year-old Donetske Copenhagen. native Oleh Tverdovsky, rated third among international 9 "New Ukrainian Painting," an exhibition organized draft pick choices by the respected Hockey News. by The Economist and the 369 Gallery, featured the As this year-ender was going to press, Ukraine was work of Kyyiv artists valeria Trubina and the late Oleh among eight (along with Canada, the Czech Republic, Holosii, significant figures on the contemporary Finland, Germany, Russia, Sweden and the U.S.A.) Ukrainian art scene who, over the past three years, have countries sending a team to this year's World Junior attracted growing attention in Europe and in the U.S. Hockey Championships in Alberta, scheduled to begin The exhibit opened in London on February 8 and was December 26. Ukraine was to play the host country, on view through March 12. Canada, in its first game. Literature SOCCER Askold Melnyczuk's first novel, "What is Told," a The World Cup publication of Faber SL Faber, has been hailed as an in July, The Weekly carried articles by Mark inventive, assured work. At once scathingly comic and Papworth and Oleh Szmelskyj (enthusiasts from tragic, the novel is embued with a'deep sense of the England) about the history of soccer in Ukraine leading importance of history as it follows three generations of up to the 1994 World Cup, and a two-part expose of the a fictional Ukrainian family from the outbreak of World collusion between F1FA (soccer's international govern– War 1 to the U.S. of the 1950s and '60s.The work has ing body) and the emergent Russian Football garnered extensive critical attention as well as excellent Roman lwasiwka7CBS Association, headed by Yyacheslav Koloskov, to reviews in The New York Times Book Review and The Oksana Baiul beaming to the crowd after her gold exclude Ukraine (along with Georgia and Croatia) from Boston Globe. medal triumph at Lillehammer Winter Olympics, the competition. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 17

Prior to the final tournament in July, the team repre– ment. Olena Brioukhovets stayed with the tour but con– received accolades for valiant endurance and an excel– senting Russia was riven by dissension. Two Ukrainian tinued to struggle, unable to get past the second round lent rookie effort. stars, Andriy Kanchelskis and viktor Leonenko (top of major events. Having a similar year was Natalia OTHER H1GHL1GHTS scorer in the Ukrainian league) were kept out of the Medvedeva, Andrei's sister, who did better when line-up by coach Pavel Sadyrin after public clashes, in teamed with Ms. Nieland. The tandem reached the quar– m Kateryna Serebrianska of Ukraine won or shared in the end, the roster included five Ukrainians (Serhiy ter-finals of the doubles competition at Wimbledon. all the individual gold medals on the final day of the Yuran, viktor Onopko, Oleh Salenko, illia Tsymbalar ATHLETICS World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships in Paris, and Yury Nikiforov), but the team fared poorly, barely October 8. She won the ribbon and the clubs events out- squeaking past the first round, it was summarily dis– Although it was Ms. Baiul's year, pole-vaulter Serhiy right, tied with Ukraine's Olena vitrychenko for first in patched in its next game. Bubka was back. After struggling in the 1992 Summer the ball event, and finished in a three way tie for first in Along the way, however, one of the Ukrainians, Mr. Olympics, bouncing back that fall, and then going into the hoops. Salenko, made soccer history by scoring five goals an prolonged slump, sports vultures began to write 9 valeriy Borzov, president of the National Olympic against a bedeviled Cameroonian squad, a record for obituaries for the 30-year-old Donetske native's career. Committee of Ukraine (NOCU), was accepted as a one World Cup game by an individual. Mr. Salenko Then, on July 31, a big breezy day in Sestriere in the member of the international Olympic Committee at a also tied italian Paolo Rossi's record for most goals in a Alps of northern italy, Mr. Bubka cleared a height of 20 meeting of the iOC's General Assembly held in Paris World Cup tournament — six. feet 1.75 inches (6.14 meters), smashing his old mark from August 28 to September 4. e Ukrainian American Andy Rudawsky, trainer of the (set in Tokyo in September 1992), by a full half-inch. The women's volleyball team from Ukraine contin– U.S. contingent, was among those who shared the spot- He had just set his 35th world record. ued to consolidate its world top– 10 ranking, in March, it light as the sport was given a new prominence in North At this year's European Track and Field took the bronze medal by beating the U.S. at the Canada America. Championships in Helsinki, Finland, all of the familiar Cup in Winnipeg, and qualified for the World Championships in Brazil. The Dynamo rollercoaster names in Ukrainian track and field were in evidence. 9 1993 World University Games hero Oleksander Coach Basil Tarasko's (from New York's City After a decade of successes in the 1980s (in 1986, it Klymenko took gold in the shot-put, with Oleksander College) Ukrainian National Team won the Pool В won the European championship and was ranked sec– Bahach and Roman vyrastiuk completing Ukraine's European Baseball Championships with a thrilling 7-6 ond only to the squad that won the World Cup for sweep of the podium, viktoria Pavlysh also struck gold win over the undefeated host team from Slovenia. They Argentina that year), Kyyiv Dynamo suffered through in the shot-put in the women's competition. advanced to the Pool A tourney that will determine who considerable financial difficulties and various indigni– qualifies for the 1996 Olympic games in Atlanta. Oleh Tverdokhlib pulled off a stunning upset in the m Ukraine's rowing teams left their stamp on the ties since independence. 400-meter run, taking the gold; Zhanna Tarnopolska For example, in March the team was involved in a World Rowing Championship held on September in claimed two silvers in the 100- and 200- meter sprints, indianapolis, ind., thanks to the dedicated support of scandal when its officials banned 15-year veteran viadislav Dologodin took silver in the 200 meters and announcer7commentator Serhiy Derepa from all of its Laryssa Barabash Temple, the U.S. representative of the was part of the men's 4x100 meter relay squad that NOCU and the Buffalo Friends of Ukrainian Athletes, games. He had questioned a referee's call that gave brought Ukraine in second to France, inessa Kravets, Dynamo a victory over Nyva Ternopil in a Ukrainian whose co-presidents, Mykola Lewczyk and Joe Grega, the world record-setting long and triple jumper from have become leading patrons of the Ukrainian Olympic league tilt. Dnipropetrovske, claimed silver in the long and bronze movement. in the UEFA Cup competition, Dynamo (ranked 19th in the triple. Lev Lobodin finished third in the ^ in a year when the Baltimore CFL Colts flubbed a in Europe) raised its country's hopes with a thrilling decathlon, while vitaliy Kolpakov was ninth. chance to even the score with baseball's Toronto Blue come-from-behind victory over Moscow Spartak Jays and become the first U.S. champions of the (ranked seventh) on September 14 in the Ukrainian cap– ROUND THE WORLD WTTH HETMAN A ODESSA Canadian-based football league, The Weekly's readers ital's Republican Stadium. However, the elation was Throughout the year, The Weekly chronicled the learned, thanks to ihor Stelmach's report, that Hamilton shcrt-lived. Dynamo lost to Paris St. Germain at home progress and tribulations of two yachts, the Odessa Tiger-Cats president and chief executive officer is and away, and dropped a 1-0 closely fought contest in (named after the port where it's based) and the Hetman Ukrainian Canadian John Michaluk. Germany to Munchen Bayern. The final nail in the cof– Sahaidachny (of Mykolayiv), as they made their way :. Chornomorska Sitch, the oldest active sports club fin was a 4-1 pasting delivered by the Germans on along the route set out for the Whitbread 'Round the in North America, which has fielded a number of strong December 7, knocking Kyyiv Dynamo out of the com– World Race. Our offices even began receiving bi- U.S. amateur soccer and volleyball teams and produced petition. weekly telegrams that read like passages from C.S. many Olympic and World Cup athletes, celebrated its Other news Forester's sea adventure novels — gales at Cape Horn, 70th anniversary with a gala banquet on October 22. riding massive 30-foot waves, frost on the sails in a 9 The Sitch Sports School, operated in Glen Spey, in European Championship competition, Team grey dawn... N.Y., completed its 25th season of service to Ukrainian Ukraine was knocked out on September 7, in a game Thanks to the continuous support of the Ukrainian youth, with a training camp and competitions in soccer, played on home turf, by a Cinderella outfit from community in North America, the sponsorship of vari– tennis, volleyball and swimming. Also participating Lithuania, blanked 2-0. ous firms and private patrons in the U.S. and Ukraine, were instructors from Ukraine, including Dnipro Ukraine faired better on the junior circuit, 16-years– and crews consisting of an international array of able Ukraine soccer great ihor Chupenko, volodymyr and-under division, at the world championships in seamen, the two ships completed most of the arduous Kovalev of the Kyyiv institute for Physical Education, Dublin, ireland in October. The team reached the semi– run — an accomplishment in itself. The Sahaidachny Albert Kolb of the Uzhhorod Tennis Federation and final game, lost to the eventual world champion didn't make it to the finish, and the Odessa limped into Marian Karbivnyk of the Lviv institute of Physical Belgians, but bounced back to claim the bronze medal the English port of Liverpool last. Nevertheless, they Education. by defeating Austria 2-0. TENNIS Men's tour This was the year that Ukraine's Andrei Medvedev established himself firmly among the elite top– 15 club, won the Spanish Open, but was unable to get further than the quarter-finals in a Grand Slam event. The high– est profile match Mr. Medvedev had was a five-setter he lost to German former champ Boris Becker in the fourth round of Wimbledon. Fellow Kyyivan tour pro Taras Beiko, who now lives in Montreal with his Ukrainian Canadian spouse, told The Weekly that Mr. Medvedev's anti-Ukrainianism has been overblown, and that he has resisted several offers and great pressure exerted by foreign officials urging him to move to Moscow and play for Russia. While on the subject of Montrealers, 1994 was also the year when Canada's Greg Rusedski of Pointe Claire, Quebec (a suburb of the home of the Canadiens) also achieved a degree of success. His highest level match came against none other than Mr. Medvedev, when the two former contenders for the World Junior title went head to head in the third round of the French Open. Mr. Rusedski bowed out in a five frame see-saw battle that demonstrated how his 125-1- m.p.h. serve and improving skills have lifted him into the top-60 in the world. Women's tour The best woman player from Ukraine this year played for Latvia. Lviv-born Larysa Savchenko-Nieland reached the quarter-finals of Wimbledon, only to meet the red hot Lori McNeil of the U.S., who had dispatched Ukraine's indomitable women's volleyball team, at a fundraiser held at Toronto's Ukrainian Cultural Center, German powerhouse Steffi Graf earlier in the tourna– on October 12. Nine days later, they were in Brazil for the World volleyball Championships. 18 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52 нні^НШНИ in Detroit, the local CBS affiliate covered an October negative publicity that occurred as a result of "The Ugly "60 Minutes" shows 27 community rally at the Ukrainian Cultural Center Face of Freedom" segment. attended by some 600 Ukrainian Americans and aired it The group reactivated the UNA-Ukrainian Heritage on that evening's 11 o'clock news. Ukrainian Cultural Defense Fund and launched a drive to collect funds to ugly face of media Center director and Detroit area UCCA President Borys publish advertisements in major North American news- Potapenko met with Michigan Reps. David Bonior and papers to set the record straight. According to UNA n October 23, 17.5 million American households Sander Levin, who said they would speak out on the floor Special Project Coordinator Oksana Trytjak, the group's watched a "60 Minutes" broadcast that reported of the U.S. House of Representatives regarding the issue. liaison, the defense fund has collected S27,000 to date, Oon the alleged resurgence of anti-Semitism in A letter–writing campaign targeting the 15 corporate Si0,000 of which was donated by the veterans of the western Ukraine. Haunting images of young children sponsors of the October 23 segment spearheaded by the 1st Division of the Ukrainian National Army and marching in a torch-filled night flooded television screens, Ukrainian Professional Society of Philadelphia and the S5,000 of which was donated by Selfreliance Federal as did a weeping Simon Wiesenthal, touted by "60 Federation of Ukrainian American Business and Credit Union of New York. The UNA has promised to Minutes" correspondent Morley Safer as "the world's Professional Organizations bore some results. Five corpo– donate Si0,000 to the fund. number one Nazi hunter," who proclaimed at the end of rations — Allstate insurance, General Motors Corp., Organizations represented at the weekly meetings the segment that "They fUkrainiansJ have not changed." Merrill Lynch and Co. inc., Toyota and United Parcel are: the Ukrainian American Bar Association, the The segment, titled "The Ugly Face of Freedom," Service inc. — sent letters to UCCA President Lozynskyj. Federation of Ukrainian American Business and managed to ascribe the beliefs of the UNA7UNSO, a Mr. Lozynskyj has called on Ukrainian Americans to boy– Professional Organizations, veterans of the 1st Division fringe ultra-nationalist group, to the whole of western cott the products of the 10 remaining sponsors: ATScT of the Ukrainian National Army, Americans for Human Ukraine, and alluded to all Ukrainians as "genetically Corp., Cadillac, Oldsmobile, Chrysler, Enterprise Rent-A– Rights in Ukraine, the Ukrainian National Center: anti-Semitic." its staged drama, unidentified footage, Car, General Mills, Goodyear Tire, international Business History and information Network (UNCHA1N), the historical inaccuracies, and sharply edited interviews Machines, Wal-Mart and the Unites States Postal Service. Children of Chornobyl Relief Fund, the Harvard with Cardinal Myroslav ivan Lubachivsky and Msgr. The first in a series of demonstrations protesting the Ukrainian Research institute, and the Ukrainian ivan Dacko of the Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church, segment was held at CBS offices in Philadelphia on Catholic and Ukrainian Orthodox Churches. and Rabbi Yaakov Dov Bleich, chief rabbi of Ukraine, October 24. Demonstrators met with the affiliate's pro– On November 6, at the end of its program, "60 Minutes" raised the ire of the Ukrainian communities of North ducer and station director, who said they would arrange read excerpts from Cardinal Lubachivsky's statement. America as no other instance of Ukrainian defamation for a meeting with community representatives and "60 On November 10, the UCCA filed a complaint with has in recent years. Minutes" Executive Producer Don Hewitt. That demon– the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Citing With swift precision, Ukrainian institutions and stration, and one held in Washington on November 2 at the Fairness Doctrine, which requires broadcasters to pro- Ukrainian communities in the United States and Canada the CBS office there, attracted 100 Ukrainian Americans vide adequate coverage of controversial issues of public lashed out at CBS and "60 Minutes," jamming CBS apiece. Demonstrators in Washington met with vice– importance and to ensure that the coverage fairly reflects telephone lines with complaints, and writing letters to President and Bureau Chief Barbara S. Cochran. differing viewpoints on the issue, the UCCA filed a com– CBS executives and the sponsors of the program. A larger demonstration at both CBS's production and plaint against 13 CBS flagship stations and network affil– The Ukrainian Greek-Catholic Church immediately corporate headquarters in New York on November 14 iates. The complaint is still pending. issued a statement saying that the segment's producer, attracted over 500 Ukrainian Americans from New in Canada, 490,000 households, mostly from Jeffrey Fager, had misrepresented the thrust of the report, York, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Ontario, tuned in to "60 Minutes" on October 23, slight– claiming the piece would focus on "post-Communist On October 31, an ad hoc delegation of Ukrainian ly more than usual. According to Nielsen Marketing Ukraine." Rabbi Bleich too issued a statement that read, Americans met with Mr. Hewitt, CBS vice-President Research, "60 Minutes" garnered an average of 403,000 "1 would like to state unequivocally that my words were Joseph Peyronnin, Mr. Safer and Mr. Fager at CBS Canadian households in eight previous shows. quoted out of the context that they were said." headquarters in Manhattan. The Ukrainian delegation, The Ukrainian Canadian Congress launched its own Ukraine's Embassy to the United States also reacted, in which included two recent Jewish emigres from letter writing campaign. On November 28 CanWest a letter to CBS News Division President Eric W. Ober, Ukraine and Eastern Europe, received no commitment Global System, under whose aegis Global-Tv, the valery Kuchinsky, charge d'affaires, relayed the from CBS to publicly rectify the inflammatory segment. Canadian network that carried the "60 Minutes" broad- Ukrainian government's "utter resentment at the stridently instead, according to Mr. Lozynskyj, a meeting par– cast falls, issued an apology to the Ukrainian Canadian biased segment on the alleged rise of anti-Semitism" in ticipant, CBS pledged to revisit the issue, convene its community in a letter to Orest Hrabowych of western Ukraine, demanding that CBS carry a retraction own meeting of researchers and experts, convene a Willowdale, Ontario, in addition, CanWest Global and "present an official apology for its gross injustice to meeting with Rabbi Bleich, and then make a decision. System vice-president for legal and regulatory affairs, Ukraine and its people in the highly abusive report." The one-hour, 40-minute meeting was organized by Mr. Glenn P. O'Farrell, advised Mr. Hrabowych that Ukrainian government officials in Kyyiv were Hewitt at the insistence of Ukrainian Human Rights CanWest requested that it be notified by CBS apprised of the segment and communicated with the Committee President Ulana Mazurkevich. UNA vice- international in advance if and when CBS intends to Jewish Council of Ukraine, the Jewish community's President Nestor Olesnycky, Ukrainian Catholic Bishop rebroadcast "The Ugly Face of Freedom" segment in largest association, and the Council of Ethnic Basil Losten and Rutgers University Prof. Taras order for CanWest to cover it with another segment. Associations of Ukraine. Joint action was to be taken. Hunczak rounded out the Ukrainian delegation. Mrs. Mazurkevich, the impetus behind the October Embassy Press Counselor Dmytro Markov said that On November 1, Rabbi David Lincoln, the leader of the 31 meeting at CBS headquarters in Manhattan and the during Ukrainian President Leonid Kuchma's state visit congregation at Park Avenue synagogue in Manhattan November 14 demonstration, has begun working with to the United States in late November, arrangements who had written a letter to CBS denouncing the inaccura– the watchdog group Accuracy in Media, which were made for the president to discuss the issue with cies and defamation in "The Ugly Face of Freedom" seg– promised to disseminate information about the "60 Jewish leaders in New York and at the U.S. Holocaust ment, received a conference call from Messrs. Safer and Minutes" segment to various media. Memorial Museum. The Embassy has circulated the Fager, who tried to persuade him to accept their position. According to Mr. Lozynskyj, The New York Times texts of the Ukrainian president's addresses before both On November 4, an ad hoc coalition of representatives will publish an interview with Rabbi Bleich and the groups to the media. of community organizations held its inaugural meeting at Wall Street Journal will carry an opinion editorial piece Mr. Markov also reported that the issue has been the Ukrainian National Association's headquarters in by the rabbi in upcoming issues. brought up in Ukraine's press. The Ukrainian newspaper Jersey City, N.J. The group accepted as its mandate to All community organizations urge Ukrainian Za vilnu Ukrainu, whose editor was featured in "The secure a complete retraction from CBS and to counter the Americans to continue their protest. Ugly Face of Freedom," is scheduled to run an opinion piece written by Rabbi Bleich. The Ukrainian Congress Committee of America has made arrangements for Rabbi Bleich and an assistant to Cardinal Lubachivsky to appear on Lviv Television to condemn the "60 Minutes" segment and plead for peace between the Ukrainian and Jewish communities of western Ukraine. The UCCA and the Ukrainian National Association launched a campaign within their branches to tele– phone7fax CBS in protest and demand the dismissal of Mr. Safer. UCCA branches were advised to communi– cate with CBS affiliates, many of whom are fleeing CBS for the Fox network, to request a meeting with the Ukrainian American community. Representatives of the Rochester area community met with CBS affiliate WROC on October 28 and arranged for the airing of an "equal time" program on the station's "30 Minutes" program. On November 26, "30 Minutes" broadcast a report on the Ukrainian community's outrage over "The Ugly Face of Freedom" segment while provid– ing an overview of independent Ukraine's recent history. The program featured interviews with UCCA President Askold Lozynskyj and UCCA Rochester Branch vice– President Walter Zacharkiw. On November 2, Chicago area community activists met with CBS affiliate WBBM and were offered air time to rebut the "60 Minutes" segment on the station's "Newsmakers" program. The affiliate's offer for a І Khristina Lew rebuttal program was later retracted. November 14: Over 500 Ukrainian Americans demonstrate at CBS production headquarters in Manhattan. No. 52 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 19 ИНИННИНИ sion makes it absolutely clear that the Department of his homecoming. Prompted by a written request from Still in the headlines: Justice defrauded the U.S. courts, deceived the Mr. Koziy to help clear his name, the Rebirth American people and destroyed Mr. Demjanjuk's good Association turned to regional security services seeking name." a review of evidence previously gathered in the Koziy Demjanjuk and Koziy The New York Times called the Supreme Court's case. action a potential "fatal blow to the tU.S.J government's The World Jewish Congress, meanwhile, wants Mr. he Demjanjuk case continued to make headlines 17-year effort to banish John Demjanjuk... once Koziy to stand trial for war crimes against Jewish fami– in 1994. At the start of the year, Rep. James A. described as one of the most barbaric Nazi figures of the lies in that region, and it began a campaign in midyear TTraficant Jr., in a letter to Attorney General Holocaust." to expel Mr. Koziy from Costa Rica. Elan Steinberg, Janet Reno, called on the Justice Department to investi– Though his extradition has been overturned, Mr. executive director of the New York-based World Jewish gate its prosecutors' misconduct in the John Demjanjuk Demjanjuk has another battle to fight: regaining his Congress, dismissed Mrs. Snigur's recantation, calling case. That, said the Ohio Democrat, should be the focus U.S. citizenship. The Supreme Court's denial of certio– it "rubbish." of the department's efforts — not the deportation of Mr. rari, or review, would now make it difficult for the gov– Demjanjuk, who, as readers will recall, returned to the ernment to sustain its argument that Mr. Demjanjuk's U.S. in September 1993, two months after being acquit– citizenship should not be restored, and it actually paves ted of being "ivan the Terrible," the sadistic guard at the the way for reconsideration of his 1981 denaturaliza– The noteworthy: Treblinka death camp. tion. Rep. Traficant noted, "Much to my dismay, the But Mr. Demjanjuk's son-in-law feels there is still Justice Department continues to try and prosecute Mr. one more battle: to have cases brought by the OS1 events and people Demjanjuk — totally ignoring prosecutorial misconduct against suspected war criminals "criminalized," that is, charges that were leveled by the U.S. Appeals Court." his section encompasses all those noteworthy ensuring that these cases are no longer treated as civil He added, "Unfortunately, it has become evident that events and people that simply defy classification proceedings in which the standards of proof and legal the Justice Department is either unable or unwilling to Tunder any of our other headings for this year-end safeguards are much less rigorous than in criminal fully investigate these serious allegations." review. So here goes: cases. 9 The congressman wrote also to President Bill Clinton, At the beginning of the year, on January 10, ж x x Weekly readers learned that New Jersey's Holocaust- suggesting that "The appointment of a special indepen– On the home front, Mr. Demjanjuk spent the year liv– dent prosecutor is the only way to uncover all the facts genocide studies bill, stripped of its Ukrainian and ing quietly with his family in Ohio. However, Jewish Polish amendments (regarding the Great Famine and the in this case and assure that groups, from time to time, staged picketing of his home justice is done." Polish Christian victims of the Nazis), had failed to in Seven Hills, with demonstrators shouting epithets reach the floor in the final session of the New Jersey The immediate cause of like "bloody murderer." state legislature. Observers said there were two reasons Rep. Traficant's ire was for the failure: first, the bill was poorly written to begin the Justice Department's There was a new development at the Office of with; second, there was an outpouring of concern that filing on December 30, Special investigations on February 10 as Neal M. Sher, the bill, as proposed by Assembly Speaker Garabed 1993, of an appeal of the its director, was named executive director of the leading "Chuck" Haytaian, was exclusionary and biased. The decision overturning Mr. pro-lsrael lobby, the American israeli Public Affairs latter prompted Sens. Ronald Rice and Randy Corman Demjanjuk's 1987 extradi– Committee (АІРАС). to introduce amendments in the State Senate recogniz– tion to israel, which came ^ He ^ ing, respectively, the Ukrainian and Polish tragedies. after the court found that in related news, the aforementioned Judge Battisti, These were removed, however, when the State the U.S. government had who presided over the Demjanjuk deportation case, died Assembly re-amended the measure. committed fraud by with– on November 16 at the age of 72. On his docket at the in March, during its new session, the state legislature holding evidence from the time of his death was a rehearing of the Demjanjuk case Demjanjuk defense. The passed another bill mandating the teaching of the ordered by the U.S. Supreme Court, as Mr. Demjanjuk Holocaust and other genocides in New Jersey elemen– department also asked a is seeking to have his citizenship restored. tary and secondary schools. The difference was that the federal judge in Cleveland x x x to reopen the denaturaliza– second bill left open the possibility of studying all Finally, at year's end, came the news that Yoram tion case against Mr. genocides, thus spurring Walter Bodnar of Americans John Demjanjuk Sheftel, the outspoken israeli attorney who took on Demjanjuk so that the for Human Rights in Ukraine to write that the curricu– the defense of Mr. Demjanjuk following the suspi– department's Nazi hunters, the Office of Special lum bill is "an opportunity to be used." cious death of the previous lawyer, had authored a 9 investigations, could present new evidence that Mr. On February 26, after almost a year of discussions, book on the internationally renowned case. Titled Demjanjuk had served at Nazi camps other than eight Ukrainian American business and professionals "The Demjanjuk Affair: The Rise and Fall of a Show- Treblinka. societies launched a national federation. The charter Trial," the 379-page book was released by Goltancz members of the Federation of Ukrainian American Then on February 24, the full 6th Circuit Court of publishers. Appeals announced its refusal to reconsider a ruling by Business and Professional Associations met on According to a book review by Chrystia Freeland the court's three-judge panel that had overturned the February 26 to set up an organizational framework. that appeared in the December 10-11 issue of the Demjanjuk extradition. The ruling by the 15-member They elected an executive committee chaired by Lydia British newspaper The Financial Times, Mr. Sheftel court gave the Justice Department 90 days to make a Chopivsky Benson of Washington and a committee of concludes: "Not only was the wrong man put on trial; final appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. national directors that includes representatives of each of the whole affair began with a despicable plot, an inter- the eight groups: The Buffalo Group, Ukrainian Business Still pending, however, was the Justice Department's national conspiracy of five countries — the Soviet and Professional Group of Chicago, Ukrainian Graduates request that District Judge Frank Battisti reaffirm his Union, Poland, the United States, Germany and israel." of Detroit and Windsor, Ukrainian American Professionals denaturalization of Mr. Demjanjuk. Demjanjuk attor– and Business Persons Association of New York and New neys then filed papers arguing that Judge Battisti should The Koziy case Jersey, Ukrainian Professionals Society of Philadelphia, reject that request in light of the 6th Circuit's finding of This summer, 64-year-old Hanna Snigur recanted tes– Ukrainian Technological Society of Pittsburgh, Ukrainian fraud on the part of OS1 prosecutors. timony she had given in 1976 regarding the Bohdan American Business and Professionals Association of On May 24, the Justice Department did indeed take Koziy case, thus calling into question the veracity of Rochester and The Washington Group. Together these its case to the Supreme Court, as it asked the highest war crimes accusations against the former U.S. resident. associations represent more than 1,000 persons involved in court in the land to throw out the lower court ruling that Ms. Snigur said she was told she would be sent to diverse businesses and professions. prosecutors had committed fraud by withholding excul– "see the polar bears in Siberia" if she did not testify that 9 A film which elicited reaction on the part of Ukrainian patory evidence from the Demjanjuk defense. Solicitor in the autumn of 1943 she saw Mr. Koziy, a young viewers in Canada and the U.S. was the television series General Drew S. Days said in his petition to the Ukrainian militiaman in German-occupied Lysets, car– "Blood and Belonging" by Michael lgnatieff. A produc– Supreme Court that the Circuit Court's November 1993 rying off a 4-year-old girl named Monica Singer. Mrs. tion of BBC Wales and Primedia Canada, it premiered at finding was impeding the U.S. government's efforts to Snigur says she has spoken out now about the forced the beginning of February on Tv Ontario and on PBS in expel Mr. Demjanjuk. He argued that U.S. prosecutors testimony because, "1 was a false witness and 1 don't the United States in March. Ukraine formed the first had acted in good faith and that the failure to produce want to sin before God and make an innocent person episode in the six-part series, with the focus on how the certain documents did not rise to the level of "egregious suffer." She is apparently the first Soviet-era witness to Russians are faring in Ukraine after independence. and deliberate misconduct, such as bribery of a judge or admit she was compelled to give false testimony in a The film, based on Mr. lgnatieff s 1993 book "Blood fabrications of evidence," that typically is found to be war crimes case. and Belonging: Journey into the New Nationalism," was fraud upon a court. Soviet-supplied, videotaped testimony was used in provocative and outraging for a Ukrainian audience in that Rep. Traficant reacted to the appeal by stating: the Koziy case, and he was stripped of his U.S. citizen- the author's investigation falls victim to his avowed "instead of working so hard to overcome a decision by ship in 1984 for concealing his wartime activities when Russo-centrism, an attitude which can best be described as the federal appeals court, the Justice Department should he entered the U.S. Before the U.S. could deport him to Great Russian condescension towards "those little be vigorously investigating charges of prosecutorial the USSR to stand trial, he fled to Costa Rica, which Russians," which in Mr. lgnatieff s case, originates in the misconduct... Our government continues to protect refused a Soviet request to extradite Mr. Koziy. Mr. author's paternal roots in old tsarist Russia, in Toronto, these prosecutors who have broken the law and should Koziy, 71 — a man without a passport, without citizen- the showing of the film was followed by a phone-in dis– be prosecuted themselves. That flies in the face of jus– ship, without a country — has been living in Costa Rica cussion, with Prof. Orest Subtelny of York University tak– tice." for nearly a decade, but now wants to go home to his ing the calls after the episode on Ukraine. The Justice Department lost yet another round on native ivano-Frankivske region in Ukraine. m After years of functioning under the Soviet regime, October 3, when the Supreme Court declined to hear its in Kalush, the Rebirth Association, a volunteer group practically as the arm of the KGB when it came to "diag– appeal. Thus, the lower court finding of fraud on the that aims to resettle deported ethnic Ukrainians in nosing" dissidents, psychiatrists in Ukraine held the first part of OS1 prosecutors stands. The Demjanjuk family Ukraine, together with the human rights commission of national meeting of the Ukrainian Psychiatric Association. was jubilant. Ed Nishnic, son-in-law and president of the ivano-Frankivske Oblast Council of deputies, is The Western co-sponsor of the educational conference, the John Demjanjuk Defense Fund, said, "Today's deci– working to prove Mr. Koziy's innocence and facilitate held May 5-7 at the Pavlov Psychiatric institute, was the 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, DECEMBER 25,1994 No. 52 111

Psychiatric Committee (chaired by Dr. Jurij Savyckyj) of Bank of Ukraine, and managing director of the venture from Canada, Tony Leliw who covered Great Britain, the Ukrainian Medical Association of North America. capital Ukraine Fund, killed in a head-on collision near and Oksana Zakydalsky, who did a piece on Ukraine's One of the main organizers on the Ukrainian side was a Boryspil international Airport - Kyyiv, July 8. diplomatic presence in Egypt when she visited that prominent psychiatrist and himself a dissident, Dr. 9 Bill Mosienko, 72, a hockey Hall of Famer; right country.) Semyon Gluzman, who spent 10 years in prison for his winger with the Chicago Black Hawks, holder of the On June 15, Associate Editor Marta Kolomayets protests against Soviet abuse of psychiatry and in the record for the fastest three goals in National Hockey arrived in the Ukrainian capital to begin her fourth tour 1980s founded an unofficial psychiatric association called League history — Winnipeg, July 9. of duty at our press bureau. Before that, however, she the Union of independent Ukrainian Psychiatrists. 9 Mykhailo Chereshniovsky, 83, renowned sculptor, took some time off to get married to Danylo Yanevsky, 9 The Short Hills, NJ.-based Children of Chornobyl known for his neoclassical monumentalist style and a historian and journalist from Kyyiv. (To continue our Relief Fund organized its 11th airlift to aid the victims of woodcarvings, former president of the Ukrainian travel theme, we must note that they traveled to Hawaii the 1986 nuclear disaster in Ukraine. What made this air- Artists' Association of America — New York, July 20. — not on assignment, but for their honeymoon.) Before lift different from all others was that the U.S. government 9 The Rev. Marian iwachiw, 35, former pastor of St. that she traveled to Pittsburgh to cover the 33rd Regular provided a C-5 Galaxy military cargo plane to transport John the Baptist Church in Detroit and associate pastor Convention of the Ukrainian National Association. She the S3.5 million worth of medical equipment and sup- at St. Nicholas Cathedral in Chicago; actively involved also served on the convention's Resolutions Committee. plies, most notably a huge Sl.l million magnetic reso– in church, youth and Ukrainian civic organizations— Speaking of the UNA Convention, Editor-in-Chief nance imaging system (MRJ), whose procurement was Chicago, July 13. Roma Hadzewycz also traveled to Pittsburgh. While made possible through the joint efforts of the Ukrainian 9 Walt Chyzowych, 57, soccer player and coach; there she delivered her first quadrennial report as a National Women's League of America and the CCRF. played with the Philadelphia Ukrainian Nationals and supreme advisor, and her fourth report as The Ukrainian The airlift was supported by the Congressional Wives other U.S. and Canadian teams, member of the U.S. Weekly's chief, and was overwhelmingly re-elected to Task Force formed after a fact-finding mission to Ukraine World Cup Team, former director of coaching at the the Ukrainian National Association's General Assembly during the summer of 1993. Use of the C-5 was approved United States Soccer Federation and head coach of the as an advisor (she was the top vote-getter). Later in the by the Department of Defense. The airlift took off from World Cup, Olympic, and Pan American Youth teams; year, Ms. Hadzewycz took a quick nine-day trip to Dover Air Force Base in Delaware, where the mobile former member of the President's Council on Physical Ukraine in September-October to visit, for the first time, MR1, housed in a trailer, was carefully loaded onto the Fitness — Winston-Salem, N. C, September 2. the Kyyiv Press Bureau and to touch base with contacts cargo plane. The MRJ was bound for Kyyiv, while other 9 Zenon Kochanowsky, 91, owner and managing in the capital and Lviv. precious cargo was destined for 12 medical facilities in director of transport engineering firm, active in Ukrainian Soon after that, in mid-October, it was off to cities throughout Ukraine, including Kyyiv, Luhanske, engineer organizations in western Ukraine, Poland and in Washington for the annual Leadership Conference, where Chernihiv, Lviv, Kharkiv, Donetske and Cherkasy. the diaspora, co-founder of the Philadelphia branch of the the editor-in-chief accepted The Washington Group's 9 Olga Medynsky, 72, a native of the village of Society of Ukrainian Engineers — Toronto, September 7. 1994 Journalism Award presented to The Ukrainian 9 Savaryn, near Brody, Ukraine, and today a resident of Dr. volodymyr Hordynsky, 79, award-winning clini– Weekly "for outstanding reporting, keeping the Wethersfield, Conn., was recognized on July 18 at the cal chemist, former co-editor of the Journal of the Ukrainian and American communities informed about Consulate of israel by Yad vashem, the official Holocaust Ukrainian Medical Association and Advances in Clinical issues and developments in Ukraine." Just weeks later, a remembrance agency, as one of the "Righteous Among Chemistry, executive vice-president of the Children of delegation representing Americans for Human Rights in the Nations." She was cited for her role in helping Jews Chornobyl Relief Fund. — Livingston, N.J., October 1 Ukraine mysteriously appeared in our office bearing a 9 escape Nazi persecution in German-occupied Ukraine, Emily Zaporozhetz, 80, dedicated community activist, plaque citing Ms. Hadzewycz for "outstanding editor- among them a 14-year-old girl named Dziunia. Mrs. known for her work of over 50 years in public service to ship" on the occasion of The Weekly's 60th anniversary Medynsky received the medal of the Righteous and her the Ukrainian and American communities in Detroit year (which officially began October 6,1993). name will be inscribed on the Honorable Wall in the through her affiliation with social agencies, the Yet another travel event was the May arrival in the Garden of the Righteous at Yad vashem in Jerusalem. international institute as well as Ukrainian and American 9 United States of our trusted Kyyiv secretary, vika Billionaire philanthropist George Soros accepted civic and cultural organizations — Detroit, October 1. Hubska. She arrived for the KolomayetsTYanevsky wed– 9 the Ukrainian institute of America Achievement Award The very Rev. Bohdan Smyk, 82, longtime pastor ding and did some sightseeing in the U.S. along with two at a November 6 luncheon at the Plaza Hotel in New of St. volodymyr Ukrainian Catholic Church and spiri– other Kyyivans who have connections to The Weekly: York. Mr. Soros has donated millions of dollars toward tual leader and chaplain of the Plast Ukrainian Youth journalists Borys Klymenko and volodymyr Skachko, the establishment of Western-style democratic and eco– Association — Utica, N.Y., October 12. whose bylines are occasionally seen on our pages. nomic institutions in Ukraine through his Soros 9 Metropolitan loann, 64, of Lutske and volyn; in July–August, Andrij Wynnyckyj, the aforemen– Foundation, or more specifically its Ukrainian arm, the played an instrumental role in the rebirth of the tioned "other" staff writer7editor, traveled to Ukraine as international Renaissance Foundation of Ukraine. Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church in Ukraine; part of the American Jewish Committee's "Project killed in a car accident in western Ukraine — ivano– Ukraine." His trip turned out to be more than we bar- Puste, Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine, November 9. gained for as our hapless colleague was the victim of a 9 volodymyr ivashko, 62, one-time head of the robbery at the customs control point at Lviv airport They are mourned Communist Party of Ukraine and member of the where he had arrived with the group from Warsaw. And Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union the project turned out to be quite that, as Mr. by our community — Hamburg, Germany, November 13. Wynnyckyj's coverage of the fact-finding trip was a - Zinaida Mykhailivna Grigorenko, nee Yehorova, project in and of itself. (Later in the year, Mr. uring 1994, the Ukrainian community mourned 85, wife of the late Gen. Petro Grigorenko, a founding Wynnyckyj was badly in need of a break, so he jour– the passing of notable clergy, leaders and member of the Moscow and Kyyiv Helsinki monitoring neyed to Paris for vacation.) groups — New York, December 11. Dactivists, artists, scholars, professionals and ath– Our staff was augmented by ika Koznarska letes, both in the diaspora and in Ukraine. Among them Casanova, our part-time editorial assistant; Yarema were the following: Bachynsky, our part-time, part-time summer intern 9 The Rev. viadimir Shewchuk, 76, builder of (who shows up during the school year whenever he Canada's first Ukrainian Catholic shrine in Ottawa and Meanwhile... needs bucks). And, we should mention our Kyyiv former provincial superior of the Basilian Fathers in intern, Adriana Leshko, who helped out during August Canada - Ottawa, January 6. back at The Weekly in our press bureau there and earned a couple of bylines 9 Dr. Maria Kwitkowsky, 78, social worker and to boot. prominent community activist, former national presi– ere at The Ukrainian Weekly, 1994 seemed to On the production side (or in "Lomkaland," as we dent of the World Federation of Ukrainian Women's be a year to travel as just about everyone went call it), there are our invaluable typesetter Awilda Organizations — Detroit, January 21. somewhere — on assignment that is. Arzola (whose first name, despite her 14 years with The 9 H Dr. Wasyl Halich, 97, former professor of history at As we began the year, Roman Woronowycz, staff– Ukrainian Weekly, some of our fellow employees at the the University of Wisconsin - Superior, immigration writer-slash-editor (he and the other staff writer7editor UNA headquarters still cannot get straight) and Serge historian and pioneer of studies on Ukrainians in the chose the title themselves) was already in Kyyiv at the "King Sid" Polishchuk, our layout artist. United States, author of "Ukrainians in the United UNA-funded Kyyiv Press Bureau, having arrived there on During the year we the editors and our production States," (University of Chicago Press, 1937) and December 1 of the previous year. He stayed on until July team put out several special issues. There was our issue "History of Ukraine," (Yale University Press, 1941) - 1. But he did not stay put. Mr. Woronowycz, who as some dedicated to the UNA centennial (we are particularly Superior, Wise, April 3. might recall had said way back when that he doesn't want proud of that one), the issue containing the proposed 9 The Rev. Harry Boretsky, 50, successor to the Rev. to just sit at his desk, didn't do that in Ukraine either. His amendments to the UNA By-Laws (for the perusal and Shewchuk as rector of St. John the Baptist Ukrainian pre-election coverage took him to Lviv, Ternopil, Odessa, review of all UNA members on the eve of the conven– Catholic Shrine - Ottawa, May 18. Rivne, Kharkiv, Dnipropetrovske, Symferopil and ivano– tion), and, of course, at year's end, our scholarship issue - Michael Podworniak, 85, author and editor of the Frankivske. Later in the year, in October, Mr. and, well, this Herculean effort that you hold in your Ukrainian Baptist publications in Canada Christian Woronowycz went on a brief hop to Ukraine as Finnair hands. Herald and Doroha Pravdy — Winnipeg, June 1. aimed to popularize Helsinki as a major gateway city He ^ ^ 9 Walter Bacad, 80, Merrill Lynch account executive, offering direct flights to Kyyiv. And so, as 1994 draws to a close, we continue to founder and director of Ukraine Dancers of New York, Assistant Editor Khristina Lew flew to vienna and cover developments in Ukraine (as we like to continually and prominent cultural activist with the Ukrainian then on to Odessa on March 28 to provide coverage of remind our readers, that nation of 52 million - or 52.6 Youth League of North America and the Ukrainian Austrian Airlines inauguration of its vienna-Odessa million to be more precise), news within the Ukrainian Heritage Foundation — Jamaica, N.Y., June 12. route. While on that trip she interviewed Ukraine's American and Uk Jrainian Canadian communities, 9 Mykhailo Osadchy, 58, journalist, poet and acade– ambassador to Austria, Yuriy Kostenko. That, of Ukrainian diaspora happenings, Ukrainian anything... mician; former political dissident, founding member of course, fit in just fine with her series on Ukraine's We thank all our correspondents, colleagues and the Ukrainian Helsinki Group and author of the book diplomatic representations in the United States — its faithful readers for their cooperation and their input. As "Cataract" — Lviv, July 7. Embassy in Washington and Consulates General in always, we wish all of you happy holidays. May 1995 9 George B. Yurchyshyn, 54, former senior vice-pres– New York and Chicago. (Our coverage of Ukraine's bring the fulfillment of all your dreams. ident of the Bank of Boston, advisor to the National diplomats was filled out with reports by Chris Guly And, oh yes, keep on reading and keep in touch.