COMMUNITIES CONTRIBUTING TO BIODIVERSITY

Biodiversity Products from Latin America and the Caribbean TA B

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 2 Cacao L Native Thin White Cacao, Nicaragua 30 EO FOREWORD 3 Aromatic Organic Cacao, Ecuador 31 Raw Chocolate, Costa Rica 32 PREFACE 4 Coffees

Biolley Hill Organic Coffee, Costa Rica 33 F WORKING WITH BIODIVERSITY TO SAVE IT 5 Café La Amistad, Costa Rica 34

Café Rio Platano, Honduras 35 CON A FUTURE TOWARDS COMMUNITIES CONTRIBUTING 9 La Granacha Organic Coffee, Nicaragua 36 TO AND MARKETING BIODIVERSITY Organic Coffee, Nicaragua 37 Certified Organic Arabica Coffee, Ecuador 38 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Blue Mountain Coffee, Jamaica 39

Native Plants and Animal Products T Quinoa and Kiwicha Flours, Argentina 14 Insect EN Andean Cornmeal, Argentina 15 Butterfly Pupae, Costa Rica 40 Andean Potatoes, Argentina 16

Dehydrated Suillus luteus Mushrooms, Bolivia 17 Natural Fertilizer T Oca (Oxalis tuberosa) Flour, Bolivia 18 Organic Fertilizer, Nicaragua 41 S La Granacha Organic Swiss Cheese, Nicaragua 19 Guinea Pig, Peru 20 FOOD PRODUCTS Jams and Jellies Fruits and Nuts Oca Jam, Argentina 44 Palqui, Bolivia 21 Yacon Jelly, Argentina 45 Baru Toasted Nut, Brazil 22 Uvilla and Chigualcan Jam, Ecuador 46 Dehydrated Cerrado Cashew, Brazil 23 Sumak-Delicia Andina Marmalades made Pequi, Brazil 24 from Andean Tubers, Ecuador 47 Araza, Costa Rica 25 Elderberry Jam, Peru 48 Organic Bananas, Costa Rica 26 Aguaymanto Jam, Peru 49 Masica, Honduras 27 Tomatillo Jam, Peru 50 Sustainably Grown Cashews, Nicaragua 28 Carob, Peru 29 Drinks and Juices Shrimp from the Natural Lagoons of Coquinho Azedo Pulp (Sour Coconut) Frozen Pulp, Fonseca Gulf, Nicaragua 78 Brazil 51 Black Conch, Nicaragua 79 Carambola Juice, Costa Rica 52 Mangrove Conch, Ecuador 80 La Reserve Organic Hot Cocoa, Dominican Republic 53 Gualajo (White Snook) and Sea Bass (Yellowfin Snook), Bio Mididi Palm Fruit Juices, Bolivia 54 Ecuador 81 Algarrobo Pod Syrup Drink, Ecuador 55 Wild King Prawn (Whiteleg Shrimp), Ecuador 82 Dried Fruits for Tea, Preserves, and Jams, Chile 56 Fresh Chilean Blue Mussel, Chile 83 Artisanally Harvested Lobster, Mexico 84 Honey Natmel—Natural Honey from Native Bees, Brazil 57 PRODUCER PROFILE: ST. KITTS SEA TURTLE Honey Bee Curubande, Costa Rica 58 MONITORING NETWORK 86 Organic Honey, Cuba 59 Native Bolivian Honey, Bolivia 60 TIMBER PRODUCTS Dry Forest Flower Honey, Ecuador 61 Native Ecuadorian Honey, Ecuador 62 Native Tree Nursery, Costa Rica 90 Dry Forest Organic Honey, Peru 63 Certified Wood and Forest Products from a Honey from Melipona Bees, Mexico 64 Community Forest, Mexico 91 Rainforest Honey, Belize 65 Pine Seeds, Nicaragua 92

Cooking Oils, Vinegars, and Syrups PRODUCER PROFILE: LA ESPERANZA COOPERATIVE 94 Banana Vinegar, Costa Rica 66 Yacon Pickling Brine, Argentina 67 ARTISANAL HANDICRAFTS Yacon Syrup, Argentina 68 Capim Dourado (Golden Grass) Handicrafts, Brazil 98 Cattail Crafts, Costa Rica 99 PRODUCER PROFILE: BEES THAT HEAL 70 Yuchan Masks, Argentina 100 Sheep Wool Garments with Natural Dyes, Argentina 101 MARINE PRODUCTS Recycled Glass Jewelry and Key Chains Oysters, Costa Rica 74 for Sea Turtle Preservation, St. Kitts 102 Mangrove Clams, Costa Rica 75 Tabla Cordón Handicrafts, Bolivia 103 Cultured Marine Bath Sponge, Cuba 76 Satchels made from Bromelia hieronymi, Bolivia 104 Dried Seamoss, Trinidad 77 Amazonian Tree Resin Incense, Bolivia 105 Chonta Palm Handicrafts, Bolivia 106 Bath and Hair Products Educational Wooden Toys, Nicaragua 107 Pacari Gueroba Body Lotion, Brazil 135 Recycled Paper with Natural Dyes, Ecuador 108 Macaúba Soap, Brazil 136 Water Bottle made from Tree Gourd, Ecuador 109 Partners of Nature Shampoo, Costa Rica 137 Traditional Kichua Wooden Handicrafts, Ecuador 110 Jatropha Soap, Cuba 138 Purse made from Amazon Ornamental Plant Aloe Vera Shampoo, Bolivia 139 (Shiguango Muyu), Ecuador 111 Organic Honey Shampoo, Nicaragua 140 Naturally Dyed Fabrics, Chile 112 Ikiam Alma Amazónica Personal Care Products, Handicrafts made from Plant Fibers, Chile 113 Ecuador 141 Kuxtal Sian Ka’an Artisanal Wood Products, Mexico 114 Organic Honey Products, Mexico 142 Peruvian Native Cotton Crafts Woven by Hand, Peru 115 Herbal Soaps, Panama 143 Handcrafted Reed Dolls, Peru 116 Jipi Japa Handicraft, Peru 117 CONTACT INFORMATION 144 Artesanía de Yarey (Giant Wax Palm), Cuba 118 Hat, Baskets, and Brooms made from Copernicia baileyana (Bailey Palm), Cuba 119 Tagua Nut Sculptures, Panama 120 Coco Bolo Wood Sculptures, Panama 121 Chunga Baskets Handicrafts, Panama 122 Intercultural Educational Toys, Panama 123 Traditional Cotton Kuna Indian Hammocks, Panama 124

PRODUCER PROFILE: GOLDEN GRASS HANDICRAFTS 126

HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS Medicinal Plants Cats Claw, Costa Rica 130 Partners of Nature Medicinal Plants, Costa Rica 131 Yacon Tea Infusion, Argentina 132 Essence of the Aromatic Jamaica Pepper Plant, Nicaragua 133 Medicinal Tinctures, Panama 134 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP) would like to recognize all the members of the SGP family who helped research and review this publication: in particular the SGP National Coordinators, Programme Assistants, SGP grantees and NGO partners who provided detailed information on the products listed. The biodiversity product profiles and photographs are a celebration of the innovation and determination of the communities in the LAC region towards global conservation efforts and sustainable human development.

For your tireless efforts to include the many stories, thank you to all the SGP country teams from the participating countries: Hugo Iza (Argentina), Giles Romulus (Barbados & OECS), Philip Balderamos (Belize), Donald Sawyer (Brazil), Rubén Salas (Bolivia), Alejandra Alarcón (Chile), Eduardo Mata (Costa Rica), Fabio Fajardo (Cuba), Alberto Sanchez (Dominican Republic), Ana Maria Varea (Ecuador), Juan René Guzmán Arbaiza (El Salvador), Alejandro Santos (Guatemala), Hugo Galeano (Honduras), Hyacinth Douglas (Jamaica), Raul Murguia 2 and Julio Moure (Mexico), Lilliam Jarquin Chavarria (Nicaragua), Jose Manuel Perez (Panama), Emilia Bustamante (Peru), Anna Cadiz (Trinidad & Tobago), Ronel Ceran (Haiti), Peggy Chan Jon Chu (Suriname), and Sandra Bazzani (Uruguay).

Thanks to all the local photographers for the high quality studio images that have so greatly embellished the catalog design, in particular to Gonzalo Bell for his able coordination of the photography at the regional level. A special thanks to the SGP Panama office (Jose Manuel Perez and Carla Valdes) for the back-stopping beyond the call of duty.

Sincere thanks are also extended to Delfin Ganapin and Fumiko Fukuoka of the SGP Central Programme Management Team (SGP CPMT), Danielius Pivoriunas (GEF Secretariat), Michel Pimbert (IIED), as well as Edith Kroese (Progreso Network) and Jacoline Plomp (Solidaridad) for your constructive feedback, comments and assistance during the final stages.

The biodiversity catalog publication was designed and coordinated by Terence Hay-Edie (SGP CPMT) and Andrew Bovarnick (UNDP Lead Natural Resource Economist), with overall support from Corrina Steward (EcoResource Consulting & Coaching). The finished product was successfully brought to fruition by Ana Maria Currea (SGP CPMT) and Kimberly Koserowski (First Kiss Creative LLC). FOREWORD

Meaningful partnerships are the foundation for success in environmental progress. Since its inception, the Global Environment Facility (GEF) has fostered partnerships with the public, private and nonprofit sector to increase its impact in the developing world. Over time, we have found that one of the most robust alliances that can be achieved is with civil society and community based organizations (CSOs and CBOs) whose expertise in the field helps us to communicate more effectively with the communities and people we serve.

When it comes to biodiversity, CSOs and CBOs stimulate local action that makes a visible impact on global biodiversity. Through this manifold of small partnerships a global constituency to save biodiversity is engaged. Partnering with CSOs therefore is a critical step in funding any GEF project.

To date about 13 percent of our projects have been granted directly to CSOs translating into catalytic benefits, both globally and locally. Through the Small Grants Programme (SGP) we have supported over 12,000 projects in 122 participating countries since the inception of the programme. Thus, the 3 GEF, together with its partners, has made a significant and visible difference to the environment and Monique Barbut the quality of life of thousands of local communities while at the same time achieving global benefits CEO and Chairperson and supporting the implementation of international agreements. Global Environment Facility

This publication is a part of that process. The region of Latin America and the Caribbean is pivotal for building the SGP’s model of success. Six of the countries included in this catalog were the first to develop SGP projects. They began as pilot projects to expand on the notion that biodiversity conservation and human development are mutually attainable. Today, biodiversity conservation connected to sustainable livelihood is a working model for SGP projects around the world.

The biodiversity products featured here showcase our successes. Furthermore, they are a celebration of biodiversity. The multitude of productive landscapes, the abundance of ecosystems, the diversity of cultural expressions and the economic opportunities created are all part of biodiversity.

We encourage GEF stakeholders from all sectors, public, private and nonprofit, to read these pages and offer guidance to ensure the GEF stays on the right path. It is through the guidance and collaboration of many partners and constituencies that we will save biodiversity both locally and globally. PREFACE

Launched in 1992, SGP has implemented more than 12,500 projects at the community level to protect the global environment. This publication captures the experiences and results of the SGP’s Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) portfolio of over 2,700 projects in the biodiversity focal area. Since its inception, the biodiversity focus of the SGP has stressed sustainable development through improved livelihoods. The sustainable use of biodiversity-based products and commodities are one example of UNDP’s commitment to meeting communities’ development needs whilst also guaranteeing the conservation goals for global biodiversity protection.

Biodiversity loss resulting from climate change, over exploitation, invasive species and habitat destruction is a major challenge for poverty reduction. Communities’ reliance on biodiversity for income, as well as for basic needs like food, shelter, clean water and clothing, is often understated. One of the foundations for sustainable development is acknowledging biodiversity’s value for communities. Improving the livelihoods for the poor requires a dual approach: firstly documenting the crucial sustaining services provided by biodiversity, and secondly in making an economic case for investing in these vital services. 4 Yannick Glemarec Executive Coordinator This catalog publication documents the biodiversity vital to LAC communities for sustainable development. It is a step UNDP/GEF towards educating the public, private and civil society sectors about the realities on the ground for LAC communities. Most exciting is the vision to form alliances and partnerships with funders, retailers, researchers, governments, non-governmental organizations and small producer organizations to further improve LAC communities’ livelihoods. Investing time, money and expertise, through these collaborations, will accelerate the path towards healthy, prosperous, sustainable communities throughout the region.

Each profile featured here documents what the local biodiversity product is and how it is sustainably produced - many of which are not well-known as globally traded commodities. The high quality photography of each product is a tremendous achievement and the first of its kind for a SGP regional publication. The catalog design itself was developed for the ease of reading and accessibility for multiple audiences. It can be read from front to back or by product categories depending on your interests. The wealth of information included is educational and provides a solid foundation to build deeper relationships across all sectors.

Steps are also already underway to make the profiles available on-line through an emerging partnership with key capacity- building organizations supporting the strengthening of supply chains of local producer organizations. UNDP hopes that this catalog marks the beginning of stronger partnerships for recognizing the role that biodiversity-based products and commodities play as a means for poverty reduction and sustainable development. The communities we serve and the biodiversity we all cherish are clear reasons for UNDP to renew its commitment to demonstrating the undeniable linkage between the sustainable use of biodiversity, community empowerment and poverty reduction. WORKING WITH BIODIVERSITY TOSAVE IT

Terence Hay-Edie BiodiversityProgrammeSpecialist, UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme Corrina Steward Biodiversity Consultant, UNDP/GEF Small Grants Programme

THE VALUE OF BIODIVERSITY

2010 is the International Year of Biodiversity. The United Nations is fostering collaboration across its many agencies to work with non-governmental organizations, the private sector and people everywhere to act to protect our biodiversity. Biodiversity is the natural wealth that exists in 5 life on Earth. We rely on it to sustain us economically and for the health of the planet. It provides us food, fuel, medicine, and a cultural and spiritual connection to nature.

Habitat loss, over-exploitation, climate change, invasive species and pollution are the main threats to biodiversity.

Biodiversity can be viewed from several perspectives. From a species perspective, there are 1.75 million species known to scientists on Earth. Many believe that number may actually be about 13 million species. Biodiversity includes the genetic make-up of those species, which is the backbone to ensuring our future food security through varieties of crops and livestock. Biodiversity is also part of the variety of ecosystems – deserts, forests, wetlands, mountains, lakes, rivers, and agricultural landscapes – that contribute to our dynamic planet. Each landscape is a productive landscape that provides for more than doubling food production whilst also contributing humans and other living creatures. These “ecosystem services” are significantly to reducing poverty. However, the rate of growth clean water and air, healthy soil, and abundant natural resources. The in agricultural productivity is declining in parallel to the alarming value of biodiversity speaks for itself in what loss of agricultural biodiversity and the increasing reliance of it provides. Yet, its role and function in our agriculture on a dangerously narrow base of biodiversity. It is through economies, cultures and ecosystems are coming to light because of how severely Over the past 12,000 years approximately 7,000 plant species and your imagination we’ve eroded these sustaining services. several thousand animal species have been used for human food. that the future Today, 75% of the food crops once grown have disappeared in only Habitat loss, over-exploitation, climate 100 years. of communities change, invasive species and pollution are the main threats to biodiversity. In more The products described inside these pages, and more importantly the contributing to than half of the Earth’s 14 terrestrial stories of the communities, present a different scenario. Rural biomes between 20% and 50% of their communities rely on a much larger quantity of our biodiversity. For and marketing total area is converted to cropland today. example, some indigenous and traditional communities use up to 200 Whilst there are huge differences in the species for food. Yet, many still have to contend with the global biodiversity consumption levels of different social environmental threats. It is how they are responding that is changing can be told. groups, our collective demand for fish, the future of biodiversity. Through the support of UNDP/GEF’s Small 6 timber, and food is out-pacing the supply Grants Programme (SGP), communities are finding innovation where that nature is providing. Climate change is shifting the very ecosystems there once was degradation. They are teaching us how to live more that sustain life. Changes in flowering and migration patterns are sustainably and to work with biodiversity as integral to our economies affecting species distribution and quite possibly our food supply. and communities. Invasive species that are introduced into non-native geographical areas are altering the genetic and species composition of biodiversity BIODIVERSITY IN LATIN AMERICAN AND THE CARIBBEAN hotspots around the world. Pollution from expanding agricultural and land and coastal development are destroying sensitive ecosystems Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) consists of 33 countries. It like mangroves. is amongst the most biologically diverse regions of the world with 5 of the 12 mega diverse countries that harbor 70% of global biodiversity. Biodiversity and sustainable human development are tightly According to some of the most widely used biodiversity classifications, connected. On World Food Day 2009, the executive secretary for the LAC houses 28% of the Conservation International global hotspots Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), Ahmed Djoghlaf, talked and 26% of the World Wildlife Fund’s Global 200 ecoregions -- with about the link between hunger and biodiversity loss: similar percentages in each of the terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecoregions. Based on a LAC-specific categorization of terrestrial One sixth of humanity is suffering from hunger…During the biodiversity (Dinerstein 1995)1, 9 distinct bioregions can be identified. second half of the twentieth century, the global food system Within these 178 ecoregions identified, 17% are critical in terms of was able to respond to the doubling of the world population by conservation status, and 51% are endangered.

1 Dinerstein, E.; M. Olson, David; J. Graham, Douglas; L. Webster, Avis; A. Primm, Steven; P. Bookbinder, Marnie; Ledec, G. (1995) A Conservation Assessment of the Terrestrial Ecoregions of Latin America and the Caribbean. World Bank: Washington, DC. Efforts to promote biodiversity conservation in production landscapes collaborated with researchers to develop sustainable techniques to are increasingly supportive of community marketing and economic harvest natural marine sponges. In the past, the area was fished with exchange of biodiversity. SGP supports a multitude of local bottom trawlers that damaged spawning areas for commercially communities and farmers around the LAC region to conserve valuable fish species. In many coastal marine communities in LAC, biodiversity through commercialization and exchange of biodiversity mangroves and tidal areas are being treated with a new sensitivity to products (i.e. by putting a value on products to ensure that habitat is their role in the reproduction of fisheries. Communities are leading also worth conserving). This catalog provides an overview of the the way with products that don’t deplete biodiversity products coming out of SGP’s communities. There are the fish stock, such as seamoss and 112 biodiversity products represented. Each example is but one of naturally-seeded clams and conch. Communities are many that exists in LAC communities. They cover 15 categories of biodiversity used for food, housing, income, medicine and health, art Communities are making use of native teaching us how and culture and environmental restoration and conservation. and/or rare species for products. In honey production, there is an intentional to live more sustainably Each product and community has a unique story to tell. Some are effort to create wild honey from local and to work with changing the local economy and diet. In Argentina’s high valleys, the flower and tree species and native bees. Cauqueva cooperative is reviving the ancient technique for growing In Brazil, Natmel is made from bees native biodiversity as integral the wild grains of kiwicha and quinoa. Their work is restoring a native, to the endangered Cerrado biome. The nutritious diet and ecological health to the upland valleys, a critical native bees are crucial for pollination of to our economies and habitat for wild grains. In Brazil, the endangered Cerrado, a grassy native flora and maintaining the Cerrado 7 savannah ecosystem, is central to rural communities’ livelihoods. as a healthy, functioning ecosystem. In communities. Education about the endemic fruits and nuts of the Cerrado is leading Ecuador, a dry flower honey comes from to a change in the local food economy. Toasted palqui, a Cerrado the nectars of two trees Erythrina crista- nut, is now popular with school breakfast programs. galli (ceibo) and Ceratonia siliqua (algarrobo), which are important to the Sancán dry forest. Many communities are protecting biodiversity directly in national parks, biological corridors, UNESCO Biosphere Reverses and World Some products are directly associated with our well-being and Heritage Sites. In Costa Rica, the Association of Small Producers of human connection to nature. The Pacari Cerrado Medicinal Plants Talamanca, whose membership is 80% indigenous, harvests araza Network in Brazil, a mostly women run organization, is educating fruit in the Talamanca Caribbean Biological Corridor as part of the Cerrado communities about traditional medicinal knowledge. Along country’s payment for ecosystem services program. In Mexico, Noh with education, the network makes medicinal and personal care Bec manages a community forest in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Revere. products with native species. One portion of the forest is for sustainable forestry and the other for permanent conservation. Both communities are linked to international Lastly, communities are relating to biodiversity through their cultural fair trade markets. expressions. In Bolivia, in the Gran Chaco eco-region, a hot and semiarid lowland region, the women devised a management plan to Others are learning how to create new livelihoods to replenish continue with the Ayoreode cultural tradition of satchel making with biodiversity. In the Cuban fishing village Carahatas, fishermen the rare B. hieronymi plant. They recognized that the raw material was disappearing in the wild and their harvesting techniques were contributing to desertification. Today, they plant B. hieronymi by the thousands. Their actions have led to a new forest conservation area and buffer zone for their economic activity. In Peru, the artisans of Mórrope district joined together to restore the native cotton that grew in the fields of the ancient Peruvians. They rescued this species from extinction by collecting seeds from the few plants that remained in forgotten old crop fields.

It is our hope that through showcasing the biodiversity products found in LAC that greater stride for communities and biodiversity can be made. There are efforts underway within the UNDP to further understand the economic value and ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in LAC. Through the UNDP LAC Regional Biodiversity Initiative a con- sultation process surveyed biodiversity’s function and role in LAC to inform policymakers and key international meetings, including the 10th Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity. Already, the LAC Biodiversity Products Catalog process has unearthed 8 useful information for the UNDP consultation. For example, LAC communities such as the Association of Small Producers of Talamanca in Costa Rica are earning millions of dollars annually for biodiversity products in markets that previously didn’t existed.

Yet, many of the communities and products represented in the catalog are isolated from marketing channels, education and infrastructure development. Increased funding and, most importantly, relationship building are key to communities’ success in biodiversity conservation and marketing. For some communities, they have well-established enterprises that can serve as models for new projects. For others, the appropriate connections are still needed for further research or possible retail markets. The needs are varied, and, yet, there is a tremendous wealth already being created both economically and environmentally.

The stories and vision of LAC communities will captivate you. It is through your imagination that the future of communities contributing to biodiversity and its wider economic exchange can be told. Share the catalog with your colleagues, get in touch with the SGP National Country teams, and join us in supporting community-based efforts towards conserving our global biological and cultural diversity. A FUTURE TOWARDS COMMUNITIES CONTRIBUTING TO Strengthen local rights, security and territory. Denying resource BIODIVERSITY AND ITS WIDER ECONOMIC EXCHANGE2 use to local people severely reduces their incentive to conserve it and undermines local livelihood security. Policies for community- Michel Pimbert based conservation clearly need to reaffirm and protect local rights Director of theSustainable Agriculture, Biodiversity and Livelihoods Program, of ownership and use over biological resources for ethical, as well International Institute for Environment and Development as practical reasons.

An important message of this book is that sustainable and effective Build on local priorities, the diversity of livelihoods and local conservation of biodiversity in Latin America and the Caribbean calls for definitions of well-being. From the outset, the definition of what is to an emphasis on community-based management and enabling policy be conserved, how it should be managed, and for whom should be frameworks. These are not the easy options. Contemporary patterns of based an interactive dialogue to understand how local livelihoods are economic growth, of modernisation and nation building all have strong constructed, including local and indigenous people's own definitions anti-participatory traits. The integration of rural communities and local of well being. Participatory, community-based conservation starts not institutions into larger, more complex, urban centred and global with analysis by the powerful and dominant outsiders, but with systems often stifles whatever capacity for decision making the local enabling local people, especially the poor, to define their own priorities. community might have had and renders its traditional institutions obsolete. Achieving community based management of biodiversity Build on local systems of knowledge and management. Local implies a number of fundamental reversals. To spread and sustain management systems are generally tuned to the needs of local people community-based conservation considerable attention will have to be and often enhance their capacity to adapt to dynamic social and 9 given to the following in particular. ecological circumstances. Despite the pressures that increasingly undermine local systems of knowledge and management, community- Debunk the "wilderness" myth and recognise the co-creators of based biodiversity conservation should start with what people know biodiversity. Most parts of the world have been modified, managed and do well already, so as to secure their livelihoods and sustain the and, in some instances, improved by people for centuries. The very diversity of natural resources on which they depend. biodiversity which conservationists seek to protect may be of anthropogenic origin, since there is often a close link between Build on local institutions and social organisation. Local moderate intensities of human disturbance and biodiversity. If species organisations are crucial for the conservation and sustainable use of and landscapes have been moulded or modified by human presence, biodiversity. Local groups enforce rules, incentives and penalties for they are not automatically considered to be in the public domain. eliciting behaviour conducive to rational and effective resource Local communities may therefore claim special rights of access, conservation and use. In developing community-based manage- decision, control and property over them. This historical reality should ment schemes, increased attention needs to be given to action be the starting point of community-based conservation wherever local through local institutions and user groups. Outside interventions people have shaped local ecologies over generations. Community- must be designed in such a way that at the end of the project cycle based conservation must begin with the notion that biodiversity rich there are local institutions and skills in place to ensure the areas are social spaces, where culture and nature are renewed with, continuation of biodiversity and natural resource management, by and for local people. without further need for external inputs.

2 This section draws extensively on Pimbert, 1996 and 2010 Emphasise locally available resources and technologies to meet are not distributed equitably among various members of the fundamental human needs. Community-based conservation that community, - including women and youth. The distribution of benefits seeks to provide benefits for local and national economies should give within the community should also be administered by a local institution preference to informal innovation systems, reliance on local resources that carries out its activities in a transparent way and is accountable to and local satisfiers of human needs. Preference should be given to local the community. technologies by emphasising the opportunities for intensification in the use of available resources. Sustainable and cheaper solutions can often Rely on plural forms of economic exchange and not just money- be found when groups or communities are involved in identification of based markets. There is currently a widespread emphasis on technology needs; in the design and testing of technologies, their market-based solutions to solve environmental problems and meet adaptation to local conditions; and finally, in their extension and human needs and desires. However, the focus on commercial and replication to others. The potential for intensification of internal resource money-based markets often overlooks the importance of more use without reliance on external inputs is enormous. plural forms of economic exchange (subsistence-based markets, barter, solidarity and cultural ‘gift’ economies). Whilst largely unseen Support negotiated agreements and enabling policies for local and ignored in national accounting and planning, economic action. The success of people-oriented conservation will hinge on exchanges based on barter, reciprocity, gifts and solidarity principles promoting socially differentiated goals in which the differing per- are key to sustaining biodiversity in a variety of local settings. There spectives and priorities of local community members and outsiders is thus an urgent need to embrace a broader and more inclusive (conservationists, foresters, bioprospectors) must be carefully balanced understanding of economics in biodiversity conservation programmes. 10 and negotiated. Signed agreements between external institutions and New institutional innovations for the conservation and sustainable use local community organisations could promote responsible and of biodiversity will need to rely on creative combinations of use and accountable interaction as well as equity and social inclusion. In the exchange values as well as on more plural forms of economic case of indigenous peoples, national policies need to be brought in line exchange that may (or may not, as the case may be) include with internationally recognised human rights standards: policies which commercial markets linked to global supply chains. allow indigenous peoples to represent their own interests through their own organisations, and not through artificial consultative processes It should be emphasised here that the devolution of biodiversity controlled by external organisations. conservation to local communities does not mean that government agencies and other external institutions have no role or responsibilities. Introduce economic incentives and policies for the equitable Throughout Latin America and the Caribbean, as elsewhere, the sharing of conservation benefits. Many of the schemes designed to government’s application of appropriate regulations to prevent pollution compensate or/and provide local economic incentives for community- and resource-degrading activities is essential to control the activities based conservation need to pay greater attention to equity and human of rich and powerful interests (such as timber, mining and ‘land rights issues. Unfortunately in many well publicised “community- grabbing’ corporations) with little concern for local-level biodiversity based” ecotourism and bio-prospecting schemes in the past, benefits conservation efforts. have tended to be one sided, going mainly to external groups interested in conservation and not to local people. Community-based Another central challenge is in finding ways of allocating limited conservation of biodiversity has little chance of success where benefits government resources so as to obtain widespread replication of community initiatives. New partnerships between local and national governments, rural people and the organisations representing them are also needed to understand the dynamic complexity of local ecologies; honour indigenous knowledge and local intellectual property rights; promote wider access to biological information and funds; redirect public subsidies from the very rich to rural communities who nurture biodiversity rich cultural landscapes; and design policies, technologies, as well as plural forms of economic exchange on the basis of local knowledge, needs and aspirations.

I leave you with this vision. The valley of Lares-Yanatile in Cusco, Peru is rich in biodiversity. It contains three different agro-ecological zones between the altitudes of 1,000 to 4,850 metres: yunga, quechua,and puna. Andean tubers and potatoes are grown in the highest zone; corn, legumes and vegetables in the middle area; and fruit trees, coffee, cacao and yucca in the lower part. Every week a barter market is held in the middle area of the valley. Here nearly 50 tonnes of goods are traded each market day, ten times the volume of food distributed by the National Programme of Food Assistance. 11

Anyone can participate in the market and can trade any amount of any crop. Women are key players in this non-monetary market, which is vital in ensuring that their families have enough food to eat, and that they have a balanced diet. A web of local organisations operating at different scales (from the household to the whole landscape) governs these forms of economic exchange and contributes to the adaptive management of environmental processes and natural resources.

In addition to contributing to the food security of the poorest of the poor, this decentralised web of local organisations also enhances cultural, social and ecological resilience in the face of risk and uncertainty. At this market is the web of biodiversity, the web of relations, and the spinning of a larger web of a biological diverse, sustainable, and just world.

AGRICULTURAL PROUDCTS 14 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS lvrta ae tes omxwith flours. mix nutritional and to less easy it texture makes that useful flavor particularly a has a for flour Kiwicha need we protein. complete acids amino the contain all and content protein are in They high grains. wild the from made flours kiwicha and Quinoa N a t iv e P l an ts n Anima and rdcietcnqe n h aiede.Crety h oprtv rdcs40k fqio n kiwicha and ancient production. quinoa value increase producing of to to kg by capacity 400 way members produces little a cooperative its with as the annually, of Currently, trainings flours diet. living does native of cooperative the standard The and the techniques products. productive improve horticultural and to ancient aims marketing cooperative and The Jujuy. of province the pce a enso,wihsgiistegetiprac fhglgtn h nqecnevto and conservation unique the highlighting of the importance products. public of great these Argentina, Recovery naturally, the of In programs. signifies qualities and grow consumer which workshops value. slow, that through ecological been recovery and varieties has their nutritional species promoted wild natural their have their about As from institutions disappeared knowledge private nearly content. of and grains lack Both nutritional survival. to their high due to environments paramount their is habitat for their of known conservation grains traditional are cultivating. description: are Production for varieties areas native limited the However, with continents. valleys other small on to found restricted be can grains Argentina. the Humahuaca, developments, de technological Quebrada above in m as distribution: 2,800 such climates, to Global temperate adapted and be warm can to Kiwicha general Argentina. in Calchaquíes, and Valles level, and sea Salta, Jujuy, in valleys High location: Product the to belongs Kiwicha region. ecosystem: and species of Name Q U l INO Pr AA o duc vrteyas h rishv eni nrae eadbcue ihterhg protein high their with because, demand increased in been have grains the years, the Over DKIWICH ND otn n l mn cd rsn,te r osdrdacmlt rti.Ntol are only Not protein. complete a considered are they present, acids amino all and content ts unai on ,0 bv e ee nteQerd eHmhaa ua and Puma, Humahuaca, de Quebrada the in level sea above m 2,000 found is Quinoa hs w rdcsaefudtruhu h mrcs u ogntcand genetic to Due Americas. the throughout found are products two These utvtdi onantwsadsalvles epciey unaadkiwicha and quinoa respectively, valleys, small and towns mountain in Cultivated AFL Amaranthus hs risago oreo rti o osmr vrwee hyare they everywhere, consumers for protein of source good a grains these O UR unablnst the to belongs Quinoa S lovtlt nihtedeso fe cnmclypo oa farming local poor economically often of diets the enrich to vital also iih utvto.Te r anyi ubaad uauc in Humahuaca de Quebrada in mainly are They cultivation. kiwicha hs ml on,womiti h rdto fqio and quinoa of tradition the maintain who towns, small these eu n sntv oteAmericas. the to native is and genus omnte.Tegan r ildit lusadue na in used and flours into milled are grains The communities. ait ftaiinldishes. traditional of variety hs ebrhpi aeo 5 ml rdcr from producers small 150 of made is membership whose r nyafwta rsreteodwy fcultivation. of ways old the preserve that few a only are h aqeacoeaiei efmngdorganization self-managed a is cooperative Cauqueva The rp o l;teeue ob aycla.Tdy there Today, collas. many be to used there all; for crops h risaecliae ihod aietcnqe that techniques native old, with cultivated are grains The rsre h eei aite n anandthe maintained and varieties genetic the preserved rdc nysalaons u otecritical the to Due amounts. small only produce hs on eecle cla”bcuethey because “collas” called were towns these aiasnee ogo hm nyafwArgentinean few a only them, grow to needed habitats on rdc unaadkwcatdy Traditionally, today. kiwicha and quinoa produce towns Quenopodium eu n sntv oteAndean the to native is and genus Native Plants and Animal Products AGR

ANDEANCORNMEAL IC LUA PR ULTURAL Name of the species and ecosystem: CornfromtheZea genus

Product location: Native to the Americas. Within the northwest of Argentina, it can be found in the lowest areas of the Andean mountains environment. Even though the strongest hypothesis claims that the origin of corn is in Mexico, corn dated 3,000 years older than corn found in Mexico is found in Huachichocana, Argentina (Purmamarca, Quebrada de Humahuaca, province of Jujuy). OD Global distribution: The old corns are distributed all through America. In general, their preservation is

associated with the existence of native communities. U C

Production description: The culture of Quebrada de Humahuaca has relied on cornmeal since its inception T as a dietary staple. Today, the communities of the Cauqueva cooperative produce corn flour using a technique S that loosens the starch in corn, which produces the slightly sweet flour used in sweet recipes. The cooperative also produces a blander cornmeal called “culli,” or purple, which is used for breads and pasta. The cooperative’s work with these ancient corn varieties is maintaining their genetic stock in the environment from which they came. Without these methods, the corn varieties, which require cross-pollination in the wild, might be threatened to disappear, as would the mountainous ecosystems where they grow.

Corn remains an important ingredient to the Quebrada de Humahuaca communities today. It is boiled for a meal called choclo or elote; toasted or used as raw flour to elaborate various dishes (tamales, anchi, soups), drinks (chicha, api, ulpada, chilcan), and sweets (capias, alfajores, 15 maicenitas); and combined with boiled hard wheat for mote and tijtinchas.

The cooperative does trainings as a way to value ancient productive techniques and the native diet. They trade 2,500 kg of cornmeal flour each year. See description of the Cauqueva cooperative in the previous product description.

Andean cornmeal produced from ancient corn varieties called capia. The cornmeal is slightly sweet and good for sweet recipes. There is also a blander cornmeal called “culli,” or purple, available, which is used for breads and pasta. 16 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS N a t iv e P rdc location: Product types. Andean In different are there of subspecies. potatoes, tubers a Andean called are are varieties they where Andean Argentina, the whether considering are osrentrlhabitats. natural to conserve order in products biodiversity for chains Cauqueva’s commercial generating recover. of importance to the demonstrates begun example productive has the grown, the area has As varieties Argentina. these in for varieties value 50 market than more They trade marketplace. and the Cauqueva produce in the The varieties these erosion. about restoring grow biodiversity is knowledge to cooperative overall them not their of for areas to but loss productive contributes of agriculture, the and of varieties Both potato wave Andean losses. modern some the without survive to managed description: Production however, varieties. place, different each are In there Chile. and Argentina northern to Colombia distribution: Global (high Puna valleys. Humahuaca, High de and Quebrada plain) are these Salta; and Jujuy of ecosystem: and species of Name A NDE l an A ts N P n Anima and O TAT iie otrepae,mil nteprovinces the in mainly places, three to Limited OES hyaepeetaltruhteAds from Andes, the through all present are They aieptte,o ues have tubers, or potatoes, Native l oau tuberosum Solanum Pr o duc ts etr losfravreyo ss rmmse ofidptte teetubers (these potatoes fried to mashed from uses, of variety a for allows texture scientists ; aeahge ecnaeo r atr aigte rm o frying). for prime them making matter, dry of percentage higher a have itnuse yistxueadtse h ag nterfao and flavor their in range The taste. and texture its by distinguished hycm nmn oos hps n ie,adec ait is variety each and sizes, and shapes, colors, many in come They ml rdcr ntehg nenrgo fArgentina. of region Andean high the in producers small oaoscliae by cultivated potatoes xust Andean Exquisite Native Plants and Animal Products AGR IC LUA PR ULTURAL

DEHYDRATED SUILLUS LUTEUSMUSHROOMS

Name of the species and ecosystem: Suillus luteus; the species

belongs to mountain forests with a predominance of Pinus radiata, with OD which it has a symbiotic relationship. U

Product location: Local communities in the municipality of Alalay, third C T

section of the Mizque province, the department of Cochabamba, Bolivia S

Global distribution: Found throughout the northern hemisphere in pine forests.

Production description: The mushroom species grows in symbiosis with pine trees; the mycorrhizal strands (the root tuber for mushrooms) of the mushroom spread out across the forest floor, absorbing nutrients that both the mushroom and the trees benefit from. This relationship supports the growth of indigenous natural forests and commercial plantations. 17 The producing communities in Bolivia are Yanagaga, Brrr, Viscachani, Canadas, and Mizque, in the Wankuni province of the Cochabamba department. The communities live in high altitudes that can reach freezing temperatures in the winter months of June and July. The S. luteus mushroom has contributed to a reassessment of the economic value of this harsh environment. As a byproduct of pine and eucalyptus forests, the mushroom has become an important complementary source of income.

The Mushroom Growers Association and Agroecological Alalay Forest township Dehydrated Suillus luteus mushrooms, locally called are rapidly increasing sales. Production is currently limited, due to the number of k'allampa, from the pine forests of Bolivia. S. luteus mushrooms dryers available for the 120 families participating in the project. The city of Cochabamba, the main market for the communities, has a market demand has a sweet-smelling, tender flesh. High in protein of four tons per month. The mushroom growers have the capacity to triple their and carbohydrates and low in fat, it is easy to current sales and meet the market demand with additional drying infrastructure. prepare and available at any time of year. 18 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS uals ait sas available.) also is variety sugarless (A cooking. for sugar, cinnamon and acid, cloves, citric with combined flour is Oca Bolivia. of region Andes the in Pocorasi and Torko of communities indigenous the by produced flour Oca N a t iv e P l an ts n Anima and l Pr o duc csseso onanattdnlrne f250t ,0 meters. 4,000 location: to Product 2,500 of ranges altitudinal mountain ecosystem: of ecosystems and species of Name OC soito fCmuiyTro hc ist otiuet cnmcdevelop- economic to contribute to aims which Torko, Community of Association aktrqieet.Te omdapoutv raiaincle aiProducers Kawi called organization productive a formed They requirements. market etadt teghntepoutv aaiyo h community. the of capacity productive the strengthen to and ment hyhv rcsigpatweete rdc c lu otesadrsof standards the to flour oca produce they where plant processing a have They oeneto h eta tt.A eut hyrl nteronpoutv means. productive own their on rely they result, a As state. central the or government h aiecmuiisi h ooírgo eev itespotfo h local the from support little receive region Potosí the in communities native The uatn ai et lsigwc,adyn,aogothers. among yana, and waca, flashing belt, tani, tani puca hr sgetptnili h utvto foa omnykona el,yuraj, kellu, as known commonly oca, of cultivation the in potential great is There m m nindsrc nrrlcmuiiso otenPts,Bolivia. Potosi, northern of communities rural in district Indian Uma Uma n o rsrigtegntcsoko the of stock genetic the preserving for and epc oarclua idvriy c sa motn rpfrfo security food for crop important an is Oca biodiversity. agricultural to respect A oteAdsrgo.A nedmcseis thshg osrainvlewith value conservation high has it species, endemic an As region. Andes the to ts rdcindescription: Production lbldistribution: Global (OX AL IS TU eateto ooí rvneo hynaPcaatownship, Pocoata Chayanta of province Potosí, of Department BE R OS oae nAda onre:Pr,Eudr n Bolivia. and Ecuador, Peru, countries: Andean in Located A c is Oca ) FL O xlstuberosa Oxalis UR xlstuberosa Oxalis Oxalis ottbrlk oaonative potato like tuber root a , genus hrceitco semiarid of characteristic ; AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS 19 ts duc o Pr l and Anima ts an l P e iv t a N NIC SWISS CHEESE Members of the communities are cheese. This type of cheese production is unique in Nicaragua and has quickly gained the recognition of many consumers around the country. Tourists are eager to visit the factory during their holidays. to produce other Swiss-style cheeses such as Tilsit, Vacherin, and cream RGA the famous Gruyere. In the future, they also plan La Granacha organic Swiss-style cheese is produced in communities located Communities of La Granacha, Tejera, and O near the nature reserve of Tesomoto/ Pataste. The reserve contains a major The community is composed of 20 low-income families. In an area dominated natural resources. Nicolás (ASOPASN). by coffee production, the community is a pioneer in the field of organic products source of water that supplies several surrounding communities in a dry region. A the most appreciated type of Swiss-style cheese, Unsustainable land-use practices in the area have damaged the ecosystem and in Nicaragua. The cheese is made in association with Programa Agrícola San develop sustainable production techniques and to aid in the recovery of the area's have contributed to dry soil conditions. The aims to encourage the villagers to CH A N LA GRA Product location: Jalacate, municipality of SanNicaragua. Nicolás, department of Estelí, Production description: responsible for each step in theprocess cheese the production. cheese They in first the association’sand small artisanal then factory letcheese it and mature creates a in special a flavor. The cellar, cooperative a produces process that ages the A savory organic artisanalfrom Swiss-style cow’s milk cheese or made goat’s milk.costs 70 Each to pound 80 of córdobas cheese (about US$3.40 to $3.90). 20 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS N a t iv e P l an ts n Anima and l ihptnilfrpoiaiiy seilyto Asia. especially in profitability, markets for potential high have a therefore and exported, are and pigs raised Guinea easily fertilizer. is organic pigs an The for guinea used raising for occasions. by pigs produced special manure guinea on raising consumption of pre- the tradition them with High Incan to brought migrated and country source the Gabriel protein over San vital all a from as People community. pigs their guinea for raise Gabriel San High of Builders description: Production distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name GU Pr INE ihi rti,lwi a,adasource a and fat, in low protein, in high o eiia s.Gie i etis meat pig Guinea use. medicinal fesnilftyadaioacids. amino and fatty essential of AP unapg asdfrfo and food for raised pigs Guinea duc I G ts ihSnGbilvlaeo ia Peru. Lima, of village Gabriel San High ne-ne nSuhAmerica. South in Inter-Andes nasalvlaeo ia eu h Mother the Peru, Lima, of village small a In ai porcollus Cavia aly fPeru. of valleys ; Fruits and Nuts AGR IC

PALQUI PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Acacia feddeana, Fabaceae-Mimosoideae; dry forest systems.

Product location: Cotagaita township, Nor Chichas province, Bolivia (190 km south of the city of Potosí).

Global distribution: Southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, with a distribution ranging from 2,600 OD to 3,200 meters. U

Production description: Palqui is a drought-resistant bean plant that grows on steep slopes, in C shallow soils, and on rocks. Grazing pressure has led to 60% vegetative cover loss in the dry forests. T S In recent years, economic interest in palqui has led to its inclusion, and that of the dry forest ecosystem where it is found, in the National Strategy for Biodiversity Conservation.

A group of enterprising farmers from the rural communities of Cotagaita municipality formed the Ecological and Production Association Palqui (APROPALQUI) to work together in palqui harvesting and management. The association promotes the conservation and sustainable management of the native dry forest and of palqui. Due to their role in the communities, the farmers have positioned themselves to be a leading food production source in the municipality. 21 Toasted palqui is popular with the school breakfast program in Cotagaita township. Farmers currently produce 5,000 units per month and anticipate Palqui in three forms— increasing their capacity, with newly purchased toasted, dried, and café — equipment, to 12,000 units. The production of dried is wild-harvested in raw form palqui has benefited from the new equipment and is expected to increase from 2,000 units per month to in the dry forests of southern 8,000. Palqui café is available in APROPALQUI stores Bolivia. Palqui is a high- and produced at 250 units (or 1,000 g) per month. energy food source, with a chemical composition of Today, the main markets for palqui products are the local markets in the Cotagaita municipality. APROPALQUI 13.1% fat, 38.9% protein, and sees market opportunities in nearby municipalities and 38.5% carbohydrate, and as a surrounding areas, such as the mining center of Potosí source of calcium, iron, city. The association is currently improving packaging for magnesium, phosphorus, and a better presentation in the market. vitamin C. 22 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Frui aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name B 0g 0 ,20gad1kg. 1 and g 250 g, 100 of kg. packages g, in 50 500 baru toasted generated sells harvest Futuro de last Promessa The the no be collect. 2008 will to there and 2009 baru in 2007 but In high, was pattern. productivity trees’ registered does a and significantly, follow varies not production fruit are baru or of seasonality Cerrado of The community. the the in in organically collected production planted either are and nut diverse beans, baru teas, Futuro’s preserves, chutneys, marmalades, de Promessa products conserving These in value landscape. nut. create the and baru Cerrado the including promote locally, and regionally and produces products Cerrado association, many commercializes agriculture family Futuro, de a Promessa high charcoal. for fences its and build houses, to of and after because sought is vulnerable which timber, is quality itself pastures. tree of creation The the of and expansion crops the to monoculture due deforested been has ecosystem threatened that extremely an in soils rich in description: Production distribution: Global location: Product biome. Cerrado the to native is ts R T ARU and O A S T N DN ED u ieóoi,Gissae Brazil. state, Goiás Pirenópolis, ts xlsv fteCraobiome. Cerrado the of Exclusive : UT h aute grows tree baru The h autree, baru The itrxalata Dipteryx , rhii,adrheumatism. and arthritis, u a euepi ncsso osteoarthritis, of cases in pain reduce can nut ra.Suisso htteolfo the from oil the that show Studies cream. oke,lqo,gaoa lu,adice and flour, granola, liquor, cookies, eie uha ae,cra bars, cereal cakes, as such recipes n ic a eue oprepare to used be can zinc, and aymnrl,epcal iron especially minerals, many eiia.Br u,rc in rich nut, Baru medicinal. a ss rmantiiu odto food nutritious a from uses, h at aunthsmany has nut baru tasty The Fruits and Nuts AGR IC

DEHYDRATED CERRADO CASHEW PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Anacardium humile; native of the Cerrado biome

Product location: Diorama, Goiás state, Brazil.

Global distribution: Cerrado biome. OD

Production description: Cerrado cashew’s short harvesting period of two weeks U produces a small quantity, with exceptional flavor. The Small Farmers’ Agroecological C T

Technology Center (Agrotec) organizes the Cerrado cashew harvest and teaches the S farmers techniques to ensure a successful harvest and to protect the biodiversity of the area. Since the 1990s, Agrotec has worked with families to make use of a fraction of a 125-hectare area to earn a living. These harvesters are changing their relationship to the Cerrado, preserving their areas, and making additional profit from the Cerrado trees.

The dehydration process involves adding brown sugar, improving on its natural sour flavor. Agrotec invests in the diversification of the 23 products they offer. In addition to the dehydrated cashews, they also produce toasted baru, baru cereal bars, and baru oils.

The Agrotec families harvest the cashews in September. Production rates vary depending on the amount produced the previous year. In 2008, 50 kg of cashews were harvested and sold in 100 g packages.

Dehydrated Cerrado cashews are a special treat with a distinct flavor from the grasslands of central Brazil. Cashews are rich in Vitamin C and fibers and contain antioxidant properties. This practical product is durable, nutritious, and very portable, making it easy to be eaten anytime and anywhere. The cashews can be eaten naturally or as an ingredient in liquors, juices, ice creams, and marmalades. 24 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Frui niaetefutsgetntiinlvalue. nutritional great fruit’s the which of indicate all thiamine, and riboflavin of high levels contains pequi A, Vitamin to addition In infections. bronchial and against throat, protects and sinus, recommended eyes, skin, the for the beneficial is A Vitamin adults. than for amount more times A 40 contains vitamin pulp of each g A; vitamin 100 in rich is fruit Pequi Cerrado fruit. the from made preserve Pequi ts and N u ts si akgso gad5k piaiysl orestaurants). to sold (primarily kg 5 and kg 1 of packages in as rdc location: Product ecosystem: biome. and Cerrado species of Name P EQ erbfr.Tepqipeev ssl njr f30gad55g swell as g, 585 and g 340 of jars in sold is preserve pequi The before. year U I os n n20,i a os u otehge rdcinthe production higher the to due tons, 4 was it 2008, in and tons; er lcuts h rdcina h n f20 a 12 was 2007 of end the at production The fluctuates. years lbldistribution: Global oebradDcme,bttesaoaiybetween seasonality the but December, and November osrain h erd,priual h northern the particularly Cerrado, The conservation. rdtoa einldse n h resrl in role tree’s the and dishes regional traditional yblzsteCraoboe ihtefutsuein use fruit’s the with biome, Cerrado the symbolizes rdcindescription: Production eu rdcini ocnrtdi h otsof months the in concentrated is production Pequi aovr otenMnsGri tt,Brazil state, Gerais Minas northern Japonvar, eino ia eassae straee ythe by threatened is state, Gerais Minas of region n eu liquor. pequi and xaso feclpu n o monocultures. soy and eucalyptus of expansion aual vial o w otremnh.The cream, pequi months. meat, dehydrated three with only flour pequi it’s to pequi as flour, such since products, two new developed preserve, has for Cooperjap a available as sells naturally primarily Cooperative cook Cooperjap to fruit The used pequi frequently soap. also make is to rice oil and and Pequi pequi with pequi. The chicken with are recipes. dishes of variety famous a most in used is pequi Traditionally, erd nodrt aealiving. a make to order in Cerrado omnte htn ogrne octdw the down cut to need longer no that communities aua ra si eeae noefrlocal for income generates it as areas natural en u on h eu rei o epn protect helping now is tree pequi The down. cut being euae eu xrcinadpoet h refrom tree the protects and extraction pequi regulates sals h r-eu a saelw1.6) which 13.965), law (state Law Pró-Pequi the establish eonzn h edt rtc h eu reand tree pequi the protect to need the Recognizing oprtv okdwt t 1 ebr to members 210 its with worked Cooperative h ieiodo oa omnte,teCooperjap the communities, local of livelihood the aycrbrasiliense Caryocar erd biome. Cerrado h eu ri tree fruit pequi The yia othe to typical ; Fruits and Nuts AGR IC LUA PR ULTURAL

ARAZA OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Aracá-boi or araza; tropical rain forest, U

western Amazonia C T

Product location: Talamanca, Limón, Costa Rica. S

Global distribution: The araza is a tropical fruit from the Peruvian Amazon and western Amazon in Brazil. It was introduced to Costa Rica, and occurs in greater quantity in the area of the Costa Rican Caribbean. The araza is sold in fair trade and organic Production description: Born in the wilds of the Amazon rain forest, araza is markets in Europe and the United States a durable fruit for making juice. The Association of Small Producers of Talamanca (APPTA) members harvest the either as a pasteurized juice mixed with yellow fruit in the Talamanca Caribbean exotic fruits or as a frozen 25 Biological Corridor, which is part of the pulp. The araza juice can be Amistad International Park and the Friendship stored longer than other Biosphere Reserve in Costa Rica. As part of an important biodiversity area, APPTA tropical fruits, due to its participates in the government’s payment for biochemical and physical environmental services by harvesting the makeup. In addition to araza fruit throughout the forest system. Over juices, araza can be used in 80% of APPTA’s members belong to the indigenous reservations. APPTA serves as soft drinks, nectars, jelly, both a marketing channel for products like and liquor. araza and an educator on sustainable harvesting techniques to protect biodiversity.

APPTA producers harvest 29,000 pounds of araza per year in two harvesting seasons: October to January and April to June. The producers envision accessing larger markets through a new marketing strategy design. 26 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Frui aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name O r nee oepouto ihgetrmre access. market sights greater Their with year. production per more even bananas on organic are of kg 1,600,000 harvests APPTA biodiversity. sustainable protect on to educator techniques an harvesting and marketing bananas a like products both for as channel serves APPTA to project reservations. belong APPTA’s members indigenous of the the stomach 80% of Over country. the level so, the high in in a cancer pesticides with doing associated of bananas been for use has In which intensive country organic the payment system. reducing to harvesting forest government’s contributes the by the throughout services in Biosphere environmental area, biodiversity participates for Friendship important an of the good APPTA part As and Rica. are Costa the in the Park Reserve they of in part International food, bananas is Amistad which the healthy Corridor, Biological harvest and a Caribbean Talamanca producers cultivated only Small Talamanca bananas of not conservation. Producers The Small are body. of (APPTA) Association the the sustaining in by for harvested balance source food and important an energy are Bananas coincidence. no description: Production exporter leading The India. is producer largest Ecuador. world’s is The America. South and Oceania distribution: Global location: Product ts RGA and I B NIC A N N A u aaac,Lmn ot Rica. Costa Limón, Talamanca, N ts A aaa r rw noe 3 onre,fo otes sato Asia Southeast from countries, 130 over in grown are Bananas S h rwhadhreto aaa olwd is worldwide bananas of harvest and growth The uaacuminata Musa and uabalbisiana Musa . rpc,te a abnn a ep h otraway." doctor the keeps day a banana "a the say In they hangovers. tropics, and stress, also anemia, can depression, Bananas with activity. help strenuous of minutes enough 90 provide for bananas energy two that the shown for has source Research energy body. substantial a bananas make combined fiber sugars with These glucose. natural and three fructose, contain sucrose, Bananas sugars: wild. the from bananas Organic Fruits and Nuts AGR IC

MASICA,“QUEEN OF NATURAL NUTRITION” / MAYA NUT PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Brosimum alicastrum; tropical forest

Product location: The Guayabo, Dulce Nombre de Olancho Culmi, Honduras OD Global distribution: Tropical Forests of Central and South America U

Production description: Ancient and nutritious masica, C or Maya nut, was the main source of food for the T Mayans. Today, rural communities in the buffer zone of S the Rio Platano Biosphere are reviving the traditional food. The masica tree is an instrumental natural resource for humans and the forest. Not only does it provide a super food for humans, it’s a source of Masica, or Maya nut, is high in nutrition for animals; it protects and maintains protein; vitamins A, B, C and E; healthy soils and water sources; and it’s harvested fiber; calcium; potassium; zinc; iron; naturally with no chemicals or invasive techniques such as cutting down trees. The masica tree can and folate. Due to its incredible grow only in virgin, primary forest, making it a nutritional qualities, masica is a very 27 symbol of successful forest conservation. good food for vegetarians, pregnant women, infants, malnourished COMGABIL (Cooperativa Mixta the Guayabo) is a company dedicated to marketing and managing the children, and the elderly. Masica is masica. The cooperative worked to rescue and known to lower blood pressure, reduce spread knowledge and appreciation of masica in stress, help with sleep, prevent child the rural communities of Honduras. In particular, malnutrition, and enhance breast milk the cooperative works with women to educate them about the nutritional and environmental production for nursing women. The nut importance of the fruit. This project has given is used in a variety of recipes. With a women the opportunity to improve their lives and more savory taste, often said to have a strengthen their self-esteem. COMGABIL has potato flavor, masica dishes include salads, participated in trainings with women farmers and technicians in other communities, and has been responsible for the tortillas, tamales, soups, buñuelos (an often markedly increased consumption of masica in the communities from sweet fried-dough-like treat), and quesadillas. 2% to 83%. The product is being marketed locally and nationally, Another way to prepare masica is with flour, lending a which is helping to raise awareness about protecting the species. As a chocolaty flavor to many foods such as bread, biscuits, ice result, farmers have planted more than 5,000 trees and continue to protect the species. cream, cakes, atole (a hot drink), and coffee. 28 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Frui aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name S aktdb h oprtv r odlclyand and abroad. locally exported sold are harvested cooperative the by cashews marketed of The goals its sustainability. to and to cooperative committed the the are developing who of members, women 50% 40 about of consists cooperative for cooperative The community. the employment unemployment, generates high of otherwise with rates area Somotillo an Villa In at Chinandega. 15th July of in community the conditions economic and the environmental improve to Nicaragua. managed the has in cooperative industry is The cashew the Cooperative in Carolina leader Osejos The fertilizers. organic the of use on improved the education and have reforestation of and programs with cashew of cooperatively sustainable region Nicaragua. out the impact carried of the was of establishment the plantations the in Furthermore, mitigate part area. the degradation helped of western productivity have land the nuts and cashew in desertification of contamination to plantations Due other chemical Sustainable and tradition. banana created cotton, culinary of production crops country’s large-scale The the opportunity. became of economic cashews an grown part sustainably producing are practices, agricultural and destructive energy provide they description: Production regions. tropical in widely grown distribution: Global location: Product ecosystems. ts U S TA and IN A B L N Y GR u hnnea Nicaragua Chinandega, ts W C OWN ahw r aiet otesenBai u r now are but Brazil northeastern to native are Cashews nNcrga ahw r oua nc because snack popular a are cashews Nicaragua, In A SHEWS ncrimoccidentale Anacardium r tropical dry ; properties. aphrodisiac have to suggested are and memory, improved and regeneration cell natural in aid to thought are components These acid. glutamic of amounts high and fats, monounsaturated acids, fatty omega-3 contain Cashews plantations. sustainable on grown nuts Cashew Fruits and Nuts AGR IC

Carob-derived products, including carob flour and roasted PR ULTURAL carob, made using artisanal techniques. A restorative food that provides energy for physical and mental activities, carob is used in pastries and cocktails, and in cooking to enhance the flavor of meat and other dishes. The extract is credited with therapeutic benefits in treating anemia, OD digestion issues, and appetite loss. U

As a healthy natural stimulant that has no caffeine, toasted C carob is used in hot and cold drinks. For a hot drink, it’s CAROB T S combined with milk and hot water; and for a cold drink, water, lemon juice, and ice. Carob flour is made with select Name of the species and ecosystem: Ceratonia siliqua; inhabits carob for a 100% natural and highly nutritious product. The the tropical dry forest ecosystem on the northern coast of Peru flour’s fiber content regulates the digestive system. The flour, Product location: Can be found in Tumbes, Piura, and used in baked goods Lambayeque, the farming communities settled in the dry such as biscuits, forests on the northern coast of Peru. cakes, and pancakes, Global distribution: Tropical dry forests are found in can also be used in 29 Peru, with three million hectares on the north coast, as place of cocoa in well as in Argentina, Chile, and Africa (in Cameroon drinks and desserts. and other countries).

Production description: The use of the carob tree in its natural environment creates an alternative to logging and promotes species and forest conservation. The carob is a natural extract obtained from the fruits (pods) of the carob tree. Carob is obtained through a process of boiling the pods to make a concentrated extract. The techniques used today are reminiscent of the practices of the Tallanes, Viscus, and Moche pre-Incan cultures.

Three main rural community organizations produce this carob: Association of Inhabitants of Caserio del Chutuque (Sechura, Piura), Community Company of St. Mary of Locuto (Tambogrande, Piura), and Development Association Maria de los Angeles Santiaguero (Santiaguero, Chulucanas, Piura). 30 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS C aca a engonadmree hr ic pre- since times. there Columbian marketed and and community grown the been of has history cultural the important of an the part is in cacao Dalia Native La region. Tuma Matagalpa of community the in based Servicios, de members Agropecuaria are Cooperativa who of producers small is 20 cacao by white grown extinction.Thin of risk at currently ovalifolium description: Production risk at currently extinction. is of and America Central to native distribution: Global Nicaragua department, location: Product ovalifolium ecosystem: and species of Name N AT IVE o T rpclfrs ecosystems forest tropical ; sntv oCnrlAeiaadis and America Central to native is I WHI HIN uaL ai,Matagalpa Dalia, La Tuma T horm ovalifolium Theobroma EC Theobroma A C A O Theobroma is hclt rdcinadi anyue nhg-n chocolates. high-end to in used vulnerability world mainly of its is 5% and to only production represents chocolate Due cacao white make products. thin to insects, gourmet used and be disease of can range that chocolate wide of type a a is cacao white Thin Cacao AGR IC LUA PR ULTURAL AROMATIC ORGANIC CACAO

Fine aromatic cacao harvested from the Name of the species and ecosystem: Theobroma cacao L.; Chocó tropical rain forest bioregion Ecuadorian rain forest. Unión de Organizaciones Negras y Campesinas de las Riveras del Río Product location: Canton of Quinindé, Esmeraldas province, Ecuador Esmeraldas (CACOA UONCRE) produces this OD

Global distribution: Cacao has its origins in the Amazon region. fine cacao in both powder and U Currently, Ecuador produces 67% of the global production of Criollo butter form (the butter is the C cacao, a fine aromatic cacao. Other countries, such as Colombia and T chocolate “fat”). A rare cacao type S Venezuela, are joining in the production of from the Criollo group of cacao this rare cacao. species, it is known as the most Production description: This product’s ancient cacao in the world. importance to biodiversity cannot be understated. As a species, Theobroma cacao requires other tree species—or crops, in the case of an agroforestry system—to survive. As an ancient variety 31 of cacao, its genetic stock is vital to the existence of the species at large. Last, Theobroma cacao contributes to creating significant organic matter for the rain forest soils.

CACOA UONCRE takes special care to protect the species and its surrounding environment. Criollo cacao has a low yield compared to other varieties. The growers work to produce an organic cacao that is competitive for its quality rather than for its quantity. The cacao is known for its aromatic flavors, unlike most traditional cacao on the market today. In addition, the growers are fulfilling a market demand for fine organic cacao for use in organic chocolates and desserts. 32 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS C aca n ors etntosicuigPet ij n Manzanillo. and Viejo Puerto Their including Jose, destinations San times. city, tourist seven capital and Rica’s by Costa Tsiru include of markets current sales association the they the increased when chocolate has 2003, the Since marketing began product. of first the of Women improve price to the working been Indigenous has Association which Talamanca, the on of part Commission are women The heritage. Bribri the as way of the the keepers leading of are women knowledge The forest. traditional and their capacities, reviving organizational techniques, to their cultivation improving contributing cacao for to practices rescuing are past. cultural women ancestral addition the activity, their productive to In this link Through a area. are products the biological biodiversity, to services rich environmental provides this that in cacao system cultivate agroforestry sustainable people an a indigenous Bribri in The a lands way. to integrated managing and contribute of chocolates tradition and the ancestral Talamanca, Caribbean long-standing of larger Reserve from Indigenous women the indigenous the of by Produced Corridor. section Biological a Mesoamerican Corridor, Biological Africa. Talamanca West in cultivated description: also Production is and areas, tropical in Brazil, to Mexico distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name RA CHOCO W o LAT io,CsaRica Costa Limon, E aiet ot mrc,teOiooRvr n h mznRvrBsn o xed from extends Now Basin. River Amazon the and River, Orinoco the America, South to Native hs hclt rdcsaepoue ntehato ot Rica’s Costa of heart the in produced are products chocolate These horm cacao Theobroma evu n icltr systems. circulatory and nervous htcooaecnpouehpiesadi odfrthe for good is and happiness produce can chocolate that n laual fet.Sinii eerhhsconfirmed has research Scientific effects. pleasurable and h os yidgnu utrsfrishgl nutritious highly its for cultures indigenous by gods” the n ml hclts hclt scle tefo of food “the called is Chocolate chocolates. small and rdto n oei he om:nuas cocoa, nougats, forms: three in come and Tradition h rbiwmnudrtebadTiuFl of Full Tsiru brand the under women Bribri the 0%pr hclt rdcspoue by produced products chocolate pure 100% Coffees AGR IC LUA PR ULTURAL BIOLLEY HILL ORGANIC COFFEE

Name of the species and ecosystem: Coffea arabica,or arabica coffee, is cultivated from the oldest coffee species and represents 75% of world production of coffee. The beans produce

a fine aromatic coffee and need the cooler climate of high mountain OD areas between 900 and 2,000 m. U

Product location: Buenos Aires province, Canton Puntarenas, C T

Costa Rica S

Global distribution: Grown at 900 to 1200 m elevation in tropical to dry forests. Originally from Ethiopia, Coffea arabica is produced in numerous countries around the world.

Production description: This organic shade-grown coffee is grown in the most magnificent mountain system of undisturbed tropical forest in Costa Rica, Cordillera de Talamanca. Located in the Southern Pacific area of Costa Rica bordering Panama to 33 its South, the area is both a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve and a World Heritage site. The region is considered a biological bridge between South America and North America, as it connects important biodiversity habitats and ecosystems across continents. The park has an extraordinary range of habitats due to a high degree of ecological transition zones from differences in altitude, soil, climate, and topography.

In keeping with the natural area, Cerro Biolley coffee is grown sustainably with organic fertilizer and no chemical inputs. It is produced by the artisan producers for the women’s group Asomobi. Processing, commercializing, and marketing the coffee Cerro Biolley coffee is high-quality coffee sold in represents a very important source of employment for the two forms, roasted beans and grounds, to the women, who can develop their leadership skills and improve their United States, Italy, and the domestic market. overall social standing in the region. Coffee production and ecotourism are foundational to the local economy and work hand Cerro Biolley is one of the coffees most desired by in hand in conserving the region’s biodiversity. Asomobi harvests buyers because it is full bodied, dark roasted, and 2,000 bushels of coffee on average per year. The group requires strong flavored. Consumers receive its optimal greater technological capacity for management and marketing, benefits including as a stimulant, fatigue and and is seeking advice on a national marketing strategy and how to manage processing byproducts. headache reducer, and digestive aid. 34 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Co ff idgsost raeaceneeg orefrcoig nadto ocoffee to addition and capacity conservation. In economic in their cooking. role building integral for in their communities source like the energy aided technologies has clean ecotourism environmental production, a create practices to They’ve agricultural Central biodigestors their or environment. the Rica into protecting life by Costa agricultural incorporated security an economic of live them to parts affords able are that different they production, from coffee Through migrated America. them of Many rmEthiopia, from distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name C h rwr fL msa ofecm oteae ohv etrlife. better a have to area the to came coffee 2,000. Amistad produce La to of capacity growers the The have produce and the to currently year, growers exported per The of coffee is market. of coffee domestic Mother women bushels Amistad the the 400 in La of The sold organizations, help and the seven special. States With of United the coffee fertilizer. network and for Women marketing trees sun. trade a coffee the Alliance, the only fair from Earth using litter patios organic, biological drying the traditional this manage in men beans makes the dry and handmade sort undeniable. communities is is The populations rivers. surrounding it Uren to and water That Lari, drinking Coen, provide Telire, Mosca, slope. to Excel, Pacific Cabagra, in basins the Banano these Ceibo, in the plays River of protects rivers Grande capacity it Terra PILA the the Coast, role of of Atlantic collectors the basins important main In the upper the are which and protect Singri, middle America. and to South Guineal, protects and 1982 PILA North Friendship. across addition, in of ecosystems Association In decree and the habitats of executive biodiversity producers important by the Park connecting by International created dried Amistad and was La Rica, sorted PILA Costa hand in is system coffee mountain the extensive (PILA), most the of trees the description: Production AF ees É AA LA MIS ofaarabica Coffea TA unsArspoic,Pnaea,CsaRica Costa Puntarenas, province, Aires Buenos D rw t90t 20meeaini rpclt r oet.Originally forests. dry to tropical in elevation m 1200 to 900 at Grown utvtn aAitdcfe sa r.Gonognclyamong organically Grown art. an is coffee Amistad La Cultivating spoue nnmru onre rudteworld. the around countries numerous in produced is ofaarabica Coffea n nes nflavor. in intense and roasted, dark strong, is that coffee organic Handmade, Coffees AGR IC LUA PR ULTURAL CAFÉ RIO PLATANO

Name of the species and ecosystem: Coffea arabica; moist tropical forest

Product location: Las Marias, Culmì, Olancho, Honduras OD Global distribution: Grown at 900 to 1200 m elevation tropical to dry forests. Originally from Ethiopia, coffee is produced in numerous countries Organic coffee grown the Rio U C around the world. Platano Biosphere of Honduras. T S Production description: This organic coffee is a testament to the benefits of aligning economic activities with conservation. When the communities of Las Marias first considered growing coffee, they found it very expensive because of the cost of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. In this isolated region, access to agricultural inputs is very limited. But by producing organically, they do not need to use chemicals, and they can make use of the natural environment to successfully grow coffee. Growing organic coffee is also important to protect the Rio Platano Biosphere, as it provides an alternative to the typical cattle ranching activities that 35 threaten the forests of the biosphere.

Café Rio Platano is primarily an enterprise of the women of Las Marías. The women are most involved from roasting to packaging the coffee for market, providing them an opportunity to meet their economic needs and improve their social standing in the community. As a new enterprise, Café Rio Platano experienced a well-accepted entrée into the market. Now that there is a market demand for the coffee, the producers are improving the business to cover a larger market and to generate higher revenue. In particular, they are looking to install proper production infrastructure to ultimately bring to market a certified organic coffee brand (including registering a trademark and bar code). The producers recognize that maintaining an organic fair trade coffee contributes to the goals of sustainable development, particularly in lessening the impact on the environment, while generating higher revenues than conventionally producing coffee would. 36 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Co ff ees o etcfe rdcinec year. each production coffee best competition for excellence national the in ranks high receives Garnacha La of coffee the Nicaragua, of coffees renowned the Among rdc location: Product ecosystem ecosystem: mountain and species of Name GRA LA ntemncplt fSnNcls eateto seí Nicaragua Estelí, of department Nicolás, San of municipality the in N A CH ioá (ASOPASN). Nicolás rw nascainwt h rgaaArcl San Agrícola Programa the with association in grown A opie f2 o-noefmle.Tecfe is coffee The families. low-income 20 of comprised aosfrisognccos h omnt is community The crops. organic its for famous iaau,tecmuiyo aGaah is Granacha La of community the Nicaragua, ine ntefedo rai rdcsin products organic of field the in pioneer A i ntercvr fteae' aua resources. natural area's the of recovery the in aid eeo utial rdcintcnqe n to and techniques production sustainable develop rjc’ ups st norg h ilgr to villagers the encourage to is purpose project’s lbldistribution: Global rgnlyfo Ethiopia, from Originally odtos ihSPspot aGrah coffee Garnacha La support, SGP With conditions. nnmru onre rudteworld. the around countries numerous in aae h csse n otiue odysoil dry to contributed and ecosystem the damaged nutial aduepatcsi h rahave area the in practices land-use Unsustainable rdcindescription: Production omnte fL anca eea n Jalacate, and Tejera, Garnacha, La of Communities eea urudn omnte nadyregion. dry a in communities surrounding several otisamjrsuc fwtrta supplies that water of source major a contains the near located are Jalacate and Teiera, Granacha, auersreo eooo aat.Tereserve The Pataste. Tesomoto/ of reserve nature O RGA I CO NIC FF ofacanephora/robusta Coffea EE ofaarabica coffea rpclt r forests. dry to Tropical h omnte fLa of communities The sproduced is ; Coffees AGR ORGANIC COFFEE IC LUA PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Coffea canephora and Coffea arabica; mountain ecosystem

Product location: Dipilto Jalapa, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua

Global distribution: Tropical to dry forests. Originally from Ethiopia, coffee is produced in numerous countries around the world. OD U

Production description: The coffee is grown in the Dilpilto municipality, C

which is situated in a protected area. Dipilto soils are highly vulnerable, T

especially to landslides and forests fires. These natural threats have been S exacerbated by land practices associated with unsustainable coffee production. The aim of this cooperative-led project is to encourage sustainable coffee cultivation practices, in an effort to provide economic and environmental benefits to the region.

The municipality of Dipilto, located in the department of Nueva Segovia at an altitude of 882 m above sea level, is the second poorest in Nicaragua. As its economy 37 depends entirely on income generated by coffee, the small producers who depend on the market prices were severely affected by low coffee prices over the last few years. By encouraging the cultivation of organic coffee, Cooperativa de Gourmet organic coffee with citrusy Servicios Múltiples, Unión de Cafetaleros Diversificados de Dipilto aims to secure and bright flavors. Among the the incomes of the growers while renowned coffee production of protecting their land from farming abuses Nicaragua, the coffee of the Dilpilto for future generations. The cooperative is region regularly wins the national composed of small producers, 40% of whom are women, and is based in four excellence award for the best coffee. small villages within the municipality. 38 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS Co ff ees ..o h niespl hi o hd-rw rai ofe CEPROCAFE coffee. organic shade-grown COREMANABA for with chain supply collaboration entire in the on working S.A. partners, 220 and producers description: Production location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name CE RT a rae utpedsrbto hnesadmresi Germany, in markets and channels distribution multiple created has nln,adteUie tts hyhret26tn rmJune from tons 226 harvest They States. United the and England, I F hog uuto rbc ofefrteogncadso o the for soon organic—and the for coffee Arabica of August through E O IED RGA aai Ecuador Manabi, NIC artaecriiainmarkets. trade—certification fair ARA ERCF sacnlmrt f17coffee 137 of conglomerate a is CEPROCAFE BIC A ofaarabica Coffea CO FF EE gooetysystem agroforestry ; etfe rai ofegoni nagroforestry an in grown coffee organic Certified ytmi h u-ui rpc fEcuador. of tropics sub-humid the in system Coffees AGR IC

BLUEMOUNTAIN COFFEE PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Coffea arabica, Blue Mountain Coffee variety; Blue Mountains Range

Product location: Woodford and Cascade, Jamaica

Global distribution: Endemic to the Blue Mountain range (2,300 m) in Jamaica OD

Production description: This Blue Mountain Coffee is from two different U communities Woodford and Cascade. Woodford is a hillside community of about C 1,800 persons in northern St. Andrew, just below the Holywell Recreation Area in the T S Blue and John Crow Mountains National Park (BJCMNP). The majority of the community members are farmers growing mainly cash crops, bananas and Blue Mountain coffee. Some have jobs in Kingston and others have small businesses This highly sought after (such as shops) in the community. This community, supported by the SGP,is located Jamaican Blue in the mid-reaches of the Wag-Water watershed which feeds the Hermitage Dam, Mountain Coffee is an important water supply for Kingston. Cascade is a grown in agro-forestry community of about 800 persons located in the upper Buff Bay Valley, just outside the BJCMNP.The systems in the highest majority of the community members mountains of the 39 are farmers growing cash crops, Caribbean. Blue bananas, and Blue Mountain Coffee. Mountain Coffee is Most of the small farmers work seasonally on the large coffee farms, defined as coffee e.g. harvesting the coffee berries. grown in the eastern Blue Mountains range Despite the fact that much of the land within the Blue Mountains is of poor in Jamaica (located agricultural quality, the area is important between south of for the agricultural sector because of Kingston and Port the high value of Blue Mountain Coffee, Maria to the North). and in addition the cool, misty climate provides an unusual environment where other, exotic, high value crops may be grown. Project activities include organic farm training, technical assistance on farms, reforestation and planting of trees on farms. These activities are reducing risks from climate change as they are preventing further soil erosion, forest fire prevention and micro-climate stability. 40 AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS N a t ura l utvto fognccfe,tecoeaieam eueteicmso h rwr while growers the of incomes the the encouraging secure By coffee aims Múltiples. organic cooperative Servicios by the de produced coffee, were Cooperativa organic is prices the of fertilizer market of cultivation organic the members This on on are entirely prices. depend who depends coffee growers who economy low its producers 882 by As of small country. affected altitude the the severely an coffee, of at poorest by Segovia second generated Nueva the income of is department level, the sea an above in in m located soil, Dipilto, of into region. municipality reincorporation the The to for benefits compost environmental fertile and into economic by provide waste exacerbated to organic cooperative-led effort been vulnerable, the transform of have highly to aim threats are The is production. soils natural project coffee Dipilto with These associated interest. fires. practices national forests land unsustainable of and area landslides protected to a especially in situated is which description: Production location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name O F RGA e r NIC t i l i ze F E RT r I L aaa uv eoi,Nicaragua Segovia, Nueva Jalapa, IZE R h rai etlzrpoeti ae nteDlit municipality, Dilpilto the in based is project fertilizer organic The iit aaa uv eoi,Nicaragua Segovia, Nueva Jalapa, Dipilto unaso ops o aktn annually. marketing for compost of quintals rdcr h oprtv o rdcs30 produces now cooperative The producer. nogncfriie hti aeb worms by made is that fertilizer organic An omcneswr ul,oefreach for one built, were centers worm rtcigterln rmfrigabuses farming from land their protecting ml ilgswti h uiiaiy Twenty municipality. the within villages small rmcfe upit ihcompost. rich a into pulp coffee from o uuegnrtos h oprtv is cooperative The generations. future for opsdo ml rdcr,4%of 40% producers, small of composed hmaewmn n sbsdi four in based is and women, are whom Insects AGR IC

BUTTERFLY PUPAE PR ULTURAL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Butterfly pupae (for sale) and butterflies (on exhibit), including the following species: Agraulis vanillae; Anartia fatima; Archaeoprepona demophon centralis; Caliga atreus dionysos; Caliga eurilochus sulanus; Caliga illioneus heard; Catonephele numilia esite; Danaus spp.; Dione juno; Eueides isabella; Hamadryas feronia farinulenta; Heliconius spp.; Historis odius; Dryadula phaetusa; Morpho peleides clear; Myscelia cyaniris; Papilio thoas; Parides iphidamas iphidamas;andPhilaethria dido. OD Product location: Santa Teresa de Cutris, San Carlos Alajuela, Costa Rica U

Production description: Biodiversity restoration: that’s the mark of this incredible project of breeding rare and C T

endangered butterfly pupae. The Association of Producers of Butterfly Pupae (APRODUMA) breeds in captivity over S 40 different species of endangered and lost butterflies. This activity lowers the pressure to capture of these species in the wild and increases the possibility of their reaching adult status. In addition to the direct conservation benefits of this product, the butterflies are put on exhibit where university and school students and tourists learn about the butterflies and their important role in preserving biodiversity. APRODUMA, home to the breeding and exhibit center, has also been active in the reforestation efforts for the margins of the San Carlos River, the main tributary of the San Juan River, which borders Costa Rica and neighboring Nicaragua.

Fifteen breeders, mostly women, generate the butterfly pupae in a breeding laboratory. For the 41 women, the work is a complement to pineapple production, the primary economic activity of area. APRODUMA’s success has inspired other women's groups in Costa Rica seeking to develop sustainable development activities.

The export and sale of the butterfly pupae is done in coordination with the Ministry of Environment and Energy and Telecommunications. The peak of Butterfly pupae for sale and butterflies production is during the Costa Rican dry season, on exhibit. One innovation particular to from December to May. Each season produces APRODUMA is the crossbreeding of 6,000 pupae, which get exported to the United white and yellow butterflies, hundreds States, Canada, and Japan. Some of the pupae are marketed directly, but most, 60%, are sold through of which are released as a special middlemen. Universities and resorts are particularly effect at weddings, birthdays, interested in the butterfly pupae. baptisms, first communions, and other APRODUMA is looking to build on their success with events. Butterflies for these events several improvements, including support for pupae range from US$1.50 to US$5.00, packaging, Web site development, and working depending on the type of butterfly. capital to purchase their own land for the butterfly exhibit (currently, the land is rented).

FOOD PROUDCTS 44 FOOD PRODUCTS J am o h communities. income the needed for provides and produced easily because is product, it favorable a produce. is their jam oca for However, business middlemen do unfavorable often with must community family only The with labor. with and living capital, and a equipment make little to environment the with communities work the particular, to In region. in isolated communities and an conditions weather the difficult under allowed survive have ancient traditions these adaptability unique oca’s techniques. like agricultural Just and customs, beliefs, ancient their maintain nations, descendants pre-Columbian area, of the from producers small The system. wild productive the natural not in its do cultivated deteriorate that is region’s agrochemicals) oca (without the why techniques That’s native of saved. using be use farming not into will makes integrated it is and practices, biodiversity values unless that Carreras believe They Campo agrobiodiversity. precise of community create biodiversity. The rich environments a cold and the settlement, mild human meadows, with agriculture, area for and microclimates mountainous valleys, A which provinces. level, steep sea Jujuy the weather, above cross and m a must 4,000 Salta from at one the is Condor region, borders de jam the Abra the at this passing Jujuy, in arrive make To of oca to province Argentina. of of used varieties region oca of isolated The its number very regions. to huge sub-Andean a Due and system. Andean is productive there economic, its adaptability, despite and in years longevity disruptions of environmental thousands and for survived social, has that plant adaptable level. sea description: above m Production 3,900 and 3,000 between Andes, southern and distribution: Global location: Product zones mountain ecosystem: and species of Name OC s A and J A M Jell Iua at rvne Argentina province, Salta QIruya, c saprnilpatcliae nPn,i h central the in Puna, in cultivated plant perennial a is Oca i es h c’ eei lsiiymksi highly a it makes plasticity genetic oca’s The xlstuberosa Oxalis nenadsub-Andean and Andean ; n seta mn acids. amino calcium essential in and rich is and C potato and than B content vitamin higher a has nutrients. jam in The rich and potato sweet tasting a sweet like is jam Oca the in region. crops Andean main the of one the and to potato, similarities with crop tuber a Andean oca, native the from made jam Organic F Jams and Jellies OOD

YACON JELLY PR OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Smallanthus U sonchifolius; Andean valleys and wet hillsides to the south C of Quebrada de Humahuaca T S Product location: Chorrillos, Barcena, Argentina; the transition zone between Selva de las Yungas in Jujuy and Quebrada de Humahuaca.

Global distribution: Andes mountains in Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The best conditions for its development are between 1,000 and 2,500 m above sea level, with water contribution between 650 and 1,000 mm per year in loam or sandy loam soils.

Production description: An Andean crop that reaches two meters in height, yacon is an edible root long cultivated in Argentina for its sweet flavor and availability throughout the winter months (as a stored vegetable). Yacon jelly is made by Cooperativa Agricola Portal del Patrimonio Ltda. 45 Founded in 2005, and made official through legal status in 2008; the cooperative is composed of 14 yacon small farmers from Chorrillos, Barcena. Chorrillos has about 150 inhabitants, most of whom are small farmers devoted to livestock and agriculture.

Yacon jelly is available between July and December. The average volume produced each year is Handmade jelly from yacon root 900 jars, in 100 g jars. juice. Filtered and concentrated yacon juice is the main ingredient of this jelly. Yacon is a beneficial food for managing weight and diabetes, as it is low in calories and sugars. Free from additives and extra sugar, the jelly is great on breads and in desserts. 46

asmd rmuil gon hryo osbry and gooseberry) or cherry (ground uvilla from made Jams FOOD PRODUCTS J hgacn(une ntehglnso Ecuador. of highlands the in (quince) chigualcan am s and Jell i es cao,adPr.Ciula sntv osuhetAi n rw through grown and description: Asia Production southwest to native is Europe. Chigualcan Eastern Peru. and Ecuador, distribution: Global Nublados. Bosques the location: of Product ecosystem the in grown are respectively. both forests, Ecuador, warm-temperate In and tropics high-altitude quinces); or ecosystem: (chigualcan and species of Name U VI L A LLA DCHI ND hs asta r yblo lentv eeomn and development alternative of symbol a are that jams these oaeutl aaeadrsoeterntrlresources, natural their restore and manage adequately to utiaiiy eideeyjmteei nefr ytecommunity the by effort an is there jam every Behind sustainability. atclrywl pce,adt mrv hi ult flife. of quality their improve to and species, wild particularly er n rescnb aewt 0 amn pfront. up payment 50% a with made be can orders and year, ugil amr s rai amn.I h aeo vla the uvilla, of case the In farming. organic use farmers Yunguilla rudcere rwi h id hl h hgacnare chigualcan the while wild, the in grow cherries ground rdcini ae ndmn.Tepout r vial all available are products The demand. on based is Production utvtdtes(eae oteapeadpa) ugil soeof one is Yunguilla pear). and apple the to (related trees cultivated h nycmuiismkn s ftentv vlafutto fruit uvilla native the of use making communities only the iesf hi income. their diversify safrigcmuiy ugil sddctdt h sustainable the to dedicated is Yunguilla community, farming a As aamn fntrlrsucs h omnt omdan formed community The resources. natural of managment nepiecle oprcó irepeailYnula which Yunguilla, Microempresarial Corporación called enterprise prxmtl 0 o40jr f20gasec e month per each grams 250 of jars 400 to 300 approximately a aetedvlpeto hsatvt osbe h enterprise The possible. activity this of development the made has ssalsaeadatsnl u sgoigit oesophisticated more a into growing is but artisanal, and scale small is akgn h as o ohfaos hyaecretyproducing currently are they flavors, both For jams. the packaging vrtigfo rcsigterwmtras(h ris to fruits) (the materials raw the processing from everything uies hi eiidsra rdcinsse includes system production semi-industrial Their business. nenrgo fEcuador of region Andean GUAL vlai aiet ihattd rpclClmi,Chile, Colombia, tropical high-altitude to native is Uvilla ru fwmnfo h ugil omnt make community Yunguilla the from women of group A C A NJ A hslsperuviana Physalis M uil)and (uvilla) yoi oblonga Cydonia F Jams and Jellies OOD PR

SUMAK-DELICIAANDINA MARMALADES MADE FROM ANDEAN TUBERS OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Coxalis tuberose (oca), Tropaeolum tuberosum U C

(mashua), and Ullucus tuberosus (melloco); Andes mountains T S Product location: Communities of Lupaxi Convalecencia, Cintaguzo, and Pulucate Alto, in the Chimborazo province, located in the center of the Ecuadorian Andes.

Global distribution: Andean countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Chile

Production description: Indigenous women from several Andean communities in the heart of the Ecuadorian Andes are restoring traditional customs and local knowledge about agriculture. Migration and harmful agricultural practices, namely onion cultivation, deeply affect community and environmental intergrity in this region. Through their work, the women are setting a new path. The community-based organization Vida Nueva produces jams (and chocolates) to diversify agricultural incomes so that the community need not rely solely on 47 onions that are degrading on the soil. Also, the production of jams empowers the women, as they are earning additional income and educating their communities about important local foods. The Nueva Vida offices are located in Riobamba. While Teresa Pagalo heads the organization, all of the women put equal effort into this initiative.

Marmalade made from three Andean tubers locally called oca, mashua, and melloco. Marketed under the brand Sumak-Delicia Andina. 48 FOOD PRODUCTS J am lbldistribution: Global location: Product forest ecosystem: mountain lower and dry (elderberry); species of Name E pi,tecoeaiepoue 00k fedrer jam. elderberry of and kg December 1000 women’s produces of cooperative months the the rural April, between and year, biodiversity natural Each The the climate. with keeping to in elements care. product natural a produce the agricultural with special works EPROMECH cultivating cooperative requires which agroecological in a products is an Peru, climate in Chota, in fruits cold-temperate Chuyabamba of diverse community The genetically system. of promotes use it one, the For levels. various on biodiversity protecting description: Production Colombia and Ecuador, L s DE and R BE RR Jell YJ A ht,Cjmra Peru Cajamarca, Chota, M i on nteAdsmutiso Peru, of mountains Andes the in Found es hspoutcnrbtsto contributes product This abcsperuvianus Sambucus aueelderberries. mature with made jam Elderberry F Jams and Jellies OOD PR

AGUAYMANTOJAM OD U

Name of the species and ecosystem: Physalis peruviana C T

(aguaymanto); dry lower mountain forest S

Product location: Chota, Cajamarca, Peru

Global distribution: Found in the Andes mountains of Peru and Colombia

Production description: Native to Peru, aguaymanto has been grown since the time of the Incas. Today, the rural women’s cooperative EPROMECH of Chuyabamba in Chota cultivates the fruit in agroecological systems. Each year, the cooperative produces 500 kg of aguaymanto jam during the harvest from February to November.

49

Aguaymanto jam made with the mature fruits. Rich in vitamins A (six times more than in tomatoes), B, and C, aguaymanto jam is known as a therapeutic aid for digestion and diabetes. 50 FOOD PRODUCTS J am oail a,rc nvtmn ,B,E n ,i sda a as used cholesterol. is reduce C, to and therapeutically E, and B6, jam A, vitamins in rich jam, Tomatillo s and Jell i es lbldistribution: Global location: Product forest ecosystem: and betacea species of Name T h avs rmArlt July. to April from of during harvest jam the are tomatillo of the kg tomatillos year, 1000 EPROMECH produces Each cooperative The systems. agroecological Peru. in cooperative cultivated Chota, in women’s Chuyabamba rural description: Production Colombia and Ecuador, Peru, of OM AT te oao oail) r oe mountain lower dry tomatillo); tomato, (tree I LL OJ A M ht,Cjmra Peru Cajamarca, Chota, on nteAdsmountains Andes the in Found oail a aeb the by made jam Tomatillo Cyphomandra F Drinks and Juices OOD PR OD

COQUINHO AZEDO PULP (SOUR COCONUT) FROZEN PULP U C T S Name of species and ecosystem: Butia capitata, native of the Cerrado biome and the South of Brazil Product location: North of Minas Gerais state, Brazil Global distribution: Found throughout northeastern, central and southern Brazil Production description: Coquinho azedo fruit grows in the Cerrado biome of Brazil, an extremely threatened ecosystem. Fifty-five percent of the Cerrado has been lost and with it, species like coquinho azedo are disappearing. In an effort to conserve the ecosystem and local eco-agricultural practices, the Grande Sertão Cooperative, created in 2003, brings together 51 1,500 people (around 700 families) from approximately 150 rural communities in more than 20 municipalities. The cooperative harvests and manages the fruits according to traditional standards, such as avoiding cattle farming and fires in the Cerrado fragments. As a result, the value of coquinho azedo has grown in the marketplace. Today, coquinho azedo is the most expensive of the commercialized native fruits north of Minas Gerais. The cooperative processes the raw fruit to create a pulp, which is sold frozen in packages of 100 g or 1 kg. Production is increasing each year; between 2007 and 2008, the production increased The coquinho azedo fruit pulp is nutritious from 4 tons to 6 tons. and delicious. With its unique sweet and The cooperative produces 15 other natural pulps. Six of them are from sour flavor and high vitamin A and C native Cerrado trees (panã, cagaita, native passion fruit, umbu, mangaba content, it is an ideal ingredient for juices, and araçá). The production is sold both regionally and nationwide to the ice creams, liquors, and marmalades. main metropolitan areas of Brazil. 52 FOOD PRODUCTS D rin rdcindescription: Production Lanka. Sri and distribution: Global location: Product family the ecosystem: belonging and shrub species the of Name C er ept h soito’ lblmre ec,te ra frahn an reaching strategy. of marketing dream defined a they every through reach, carambola market market larger of global even pounds them association’s 10,000 making the trunk, produces Despite the APPTA year. along harvest. and to branches easy the relatively on clusters in organic grows Carambola and trade U.S. fair the in and with Europe sold in mixed or and markets and frozen fruits, juice and exotic pasteurized crushed other a either into is processed harvest. fruit communities the carambola products The the of its an to provides reservations value of APPTA Tayni. added indigenous 80% and Cabécar, the over Kekoldi Bribri, producers to and belong small association members international 1,200 the and in than participate national more Today, in markets. products to their producers small assist market to 1987 in founded was APPTA fair international program. agricultural thriving organic a and and trade corridor biological environmental the a of been communities receive the has among result awareness to environmental The strong government. and the the harvest from carambola to payments income, forest like secondary for and fruits primary trees (APPTA) Talamanca the of down protects Producers Small cutting of Association Talamanca than systems. the agroforestry Rather in within Corridor its producers Biological for Caribbean small is payment by fruit Rica’s carambola produced Costa the program, of services Part environmental who it. and produced producing it’s how is is special so Rica Costa from ARA ks MBO and LA J J U aaac,Lmn ot Rica Costa Limón, Talamanca, uic C (S ICE aabl sntv oIdnsa India, Indonesia, to native is Carambola es htmksti carambola this makes What Oxalidaceae A FRU TAR . I T ) h aabl satoia evergreen tropical a is carambola The a eetnbt a n okd nCosta In cooked. and raw both eaten be can fruit versatile This and potassium. A slightly and phosphorus, vitamins juicy, C, contains is and fruit acidic and The fibrous, dishes. tropical and hogottewrdfrissetfao njuices in flavor sweet its for world the throughout aabl,o trri,i nraigyknown increasingly is starfruit, or Carambola, ia aabl sue anyfrjuices for mainly used is carambola Rica, n nsalads. in and F Drinks and Juices OOD PR OD U C T S

LA RESERVE ORGANIC HOT COCOA

Name of species and ecosystem: Theobroma cacao; primary, dense rain forest Product location: Northeast Dominican Republic Production description: The Loma Guaconejo Scientific 53 Reserve is home to a high degree of biodiversity, typical of primary rain forest. The community that produces the cocoa has harvested chocolate from the area for years. Now, as part of the management plan for the scientific reserve, the process of cocoa production is even more crucial to the lasting health of the reserve. The cacao grows in the traditional, natural way in the shade of the dense forest canopy. The entire production method from tree to product is organic This artisanal hot and performed manually. A typical year of production results in 5.5 tons of cocoa. The cooperative of chocolate is sourced producers has an even greater capacity and could from hand-selected produce more than 20 tons per year. cacao (chocolate beans) in the buffer zone of the Loma Guaconejo Scientific Reserve in the Dominican Republic. 54 FOOD PRODUCTS D i,i sue o aa dressings. salad for used olive is as it acids oil, fatty healthy of quality similar With a tonsils. inflamed and coughs of the treatment for honey, with mixed when and problems, asthma treating for recommended majo is of palm, fruits the from produced oil, Majo spinach. and carrots as guava such as vegetables such and fruits of content A exceeding vitamin A, the vitamin in high is juice Chontifrut calcium, phosphorus. A, and vitamin in high is juice Chimichoc A. hypo-vitaminosis symptoms of eliminate to sufficient is of real days palma 20 of treatment A deficiency. A prevent vitamin to supplement vitamin be a can as It used carrots). of beta- that and times A (five vitamin carotene in high is juice real Palma diabetes. treat to recommended acids is amino it essential without sugar, the prepared of When 100% needs. provides body and human protein the in rich also is juice Majo milk cow's to comparable protein, meats. of and source valuable a is juice Majillo fruits. is tropical thiamine, most and to iron superior especially content, for mineral energy Its caloric activities. high endurance body’s contains the Acai support systems. to circulatory known and antioxidants nervous anthocyanins, in rich offer. is can juice nature Acai properties wild health are richest fruits the the of of some All contain Bio foods. and foods. these harvested super of nutritious example most an world’s are the products of Madidi some Amazon for The known species. is palm forest Amazon rain several from made juices nutritious Highly rin ks and J uic es (acaí), ecosystem: bataua and Oenocarpus species the of Name MIDIDI BIO unvnua blIurlepoic nthe in Bolivia of province region Amazon Iturralde northern Abel Buenaventura, location: Product forest rain tropical and (chonta), flexuosa lbldistribution: Global rdcindescription: Production clgcliiitv htam opromote to aims that initiative ecological h utial s ffrs eore in resources forest of use sustainable the eoape manpora Oenocarpues h oiinAao.Lclcommunities Local Amazon. Bolivian the oetpout,tecmuiisearn communities the products, forest nteMdd ainlPr,as a also Park, National Madidi the in diinlicm n mlmn a implement and income additional ishr eev,cletpl risto fruits palm collect reserve, biosphere utial aaeetpa o the for plan management sustainable am n h oeteoytm The ecosystem. forest the and palms euti 0ya lnfrforest for plan 20-year a is result akadi h akt fL a and Paz La of markets the in and park urnl h i iiipout are products Mididi Bio the Currently fbt oetcern n pce loss. species and clearing forest both of aaeetta oeesteslowing the foresees that management ntecthetae ftenational the of area catchment the in rdcsaeaalbealyear. all available are products n ,0 e ot fjie.The juices. of month Per L 5,000 and odi oa akt n municipalities and markets local in sold at rz i iiihsaproduction a has Mididi Bio Cruz. Santa aaiyo 0Lprmnho aooil majo of month per L 50 of capacity raevleaddpout iejuice. like products value-added create hog hsatraiemre for market alternative this Through plareal), (palma ati gasipaes Bactris PAL M (majo), aiiNtoa ak San Park, National Madidi srcru murumuru Astrocaryum FRU mznri forest rain Amazon uep precatoria Euterpe I T (majillo), cia;Amazon (chima); J i aiii an is Madidi Bio U ICES Mauritia F Drinks and Juices OOD PR OD U C T S

Syrup used in drinks made from the fruit (or pod) of algarrobo in Ecuador. The syrup is extracted from the algarrobo pod for a high- protein drink (5.7% ALGARROBO POD SYRUP DRINK protein). Algarrobo is either drunk as a daily Name of species and ecosystem: Prosopis juliflora, known as algarrobo or syrup or mixed with carob; dry forest zones other ingredients for a 55 Product location: Jipijapa, Manabí province, Ecuador special drink. Global distribution: Prosopis juliflora as a species is distributed in the Tumbesina region of Ecuador. Native to Mexico, South America, and the Caribbean, it’s also found today in Asia and Australia. Production description: The algarrobo tree is a small tree that grows in the dry forest areas that are under threat from desertification. The Sandial community that produces the pod syrup is located in the Sancán Conservation Forest. The area has experienced a high degree of desertification due to agricultural practices like the monoculture of corn. The conversion of the landscape for industrial agriculture and the ensuing environmental impact makes this product that much more important for the world. Protection of the species is paramount for preserving the dry forest ecosystem in Ecuador and the livelihoods of the local communities. This product is produced by the Asociación Campesina Recinto el Sandial as part of a unique initiative to take care the environment and the quality of life of the people who are in the association. Established in January 1991, the association has a microenterprise called Don-Alejo that produces the sub-products of algarrobo with acquired machinery. 56 FOOD PRODUCTS D rin rdcdi itradsl nsme.I umr ut n te idfut are fruits wild are other that and teas. murta dyes and summer, jams and In summer. produce fabric to in collected sold in and stock winter ancestral in maintains using produced wool Kultralhue dyeing beech, for southern techniques. materials hazelnut, different indigenous as generate such murta, forest, and the the tineo, protect in luma, to present necessity species as the different such of residue The consciousness forest area. a using generated dyes has natural branches and and The leaves fruits by dried administered the area wilderness The Conservancy. protected Valdivian the Nature and privately the of a alongside is promoters lives which community (WWF) principal Reserve, This Coastal the area. the are Nature in Chile, biodiversity of in conservation for Programme Grants Fund Small UNDP/GEF the Wide with along Kultralhue, World of women the of and community Huiro the indigenous for The tea. murta, of especially production forest, the forest; from drying the fruits and handicrafts; from making as products weaving; loom such with traditions wool ancient dyeing revive to was created the Kultralhue Huiro. of of part community is indigenous Women Indigenous of Association description: Production Ice km. Southern sq. 245,000 the covering and to Fields the Maule from of region extending of forest Chile, of type southern unique a is forest rain distribution: Global Chile southern location: Product forest rain temperate aeo h pce n ecosystem: and species the of Name D R ks IED and FRU I T S J F orl o ísRegion, Ríos Los Corral, uic O RT h Valdivian The es E A , h Kutralhue The PR ESE R VES, gimolinae Ugni A DJ ND A MS mra ri;Valdivian fruit; (murta) togtseadad digestion. aids and taste strong n aeauiu lvr while flavor, unique a have and re risfrta preserves tea, for fruits Dried h ut e a pleasing a has tea murta the rsre r eyaromatic very are preserves otlRsrei southern in Reserve Costal hl.Temrajm and jams murta The Chile. eore fteValdivian the of resources n asfo h natural the from jams and F Honey OOD PR Rare, exquisite, and precious to the OD health of the local environment,

Natmel is Brazil’s best honey—made U C

from bees native to the endangered T Cerrado biome. Natmel is different S from the exotic honey in consistency, aroma, color, and flavor.

NATMEL—NATURAL HONEY FROM BRAZILIANNATIVE BEES

Name of species and ecosystem: Many species from Meliponinae group: Meliponina fasciculata (tiúba), Meliponina flavolineata (uruçú), and Meliponina subnitida (jandaíra); Cerrado biome Product location: Maranhão state, extreme north of the Cerrado biome, Brazil 57 Production description: The majority of the honey in Brazil is made from exotic bees that do not necessarily contribute to the overall biodiversity of Brazil’s environment. The native bees, on the other hand, are crucial for pollination of native flora and maintaining the Cerrado as a healthy, functioning ecosystem. Natmel can only be produced in small quantities because of the time-consuming production method of working with the natural environs. The honey producers earn necessary income from this high-value product; it is thus in their interest to protect the Cerrado, as their livelihoods depend on its continued existence. The organization AMAVIDA distributes this rare product and works with the honey producers to earn an income from it. The organization works closely with the Native Bee Project and the Federal University of Maranhão, covering an area of over 800,000 hectares of the Cerrado. 58 FOOD PRODUCTS Ho n paisi h ufrzn sterdmn o organic for demand their as zone grows. buffer production the of organic number in the seeking increase apiaries to are hope they They marketing. help, and ministry’s labeling the this in With live Ricans area). Costa and border Nicaraguans this (both of community livelihoods the Guanacaste support the on and protect Area agriculture Conservation that of income ministry of of sources the community alternative with The working on. is rely agricultural Curubandé communities many the of that one activities their is for honey price higher Harvesting a production. receive to them the helping benefit to by producers will about certification the are The women, ways, certification. are organic natural obtain whom the of with many producers, keeping honey natural In their pollinators. perform as can they honeybees role where the forests, because primary in unique live is Curubandé Bee Honey country. the in source water abundant mangroves. Tempisque most the and the of watershed, protection savannah, the for dry important is forest, marine Guanacaste and wet cloud and of forest forest, landscape diverse both dry a to of way give environment that unique ecosystems a is area description: South Production and Central in Australia. and south Asia, latitude Africa, latitude America, degrees degrees 30 30 from to world, north the of regions subtropical distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species the of Name C BEE HONEY e y URU uncsepoic,CsaRica Costa province, Guanacaste itiue hogottoia and tropical throughout Distributed B A NDE h uncseConservation Guanacaste The Meliponinae uncseCnevto Area. Conservation Guanacaste the of zone buffer the forested, in situated apiaries in hand by produced is Curubandé Bee Honey F Honey OOD PR Produced in bulk in 55-gallon tanks for international export, this organic honey has far-reaching nutritional OD

benefits and therapeutic U properties that C T

facilitate digestion S and improve calcium uptake; honey is also an excellent antiseptic.

ORGANIC HONEY

Name of species and ecosystem: Mountain ecosystem Product location: Granma province, Cuba 59 Global distribution: Sold internationally in 55-gallon tanks by Cuban export Production description: This organic honey is a part of a reforestation effort in the mountain ecosystem of Sierra Maestra in the eastern Cuban province of Granma. The bee colonies are an important ingredient to restoring the native flora of the ecosystem, and the quality of the honey acts as an overall indicator of the forest’s health. The community Vitorino produces the honey in this protected area with no chemical inputs so as not to jeopardize the health of both consumers and the forest ecosystem. Vitorino’s annual production reaches 20 tons of organic honey that is certified by the German BSC company. 60 FOOD PRODUCTS Ho n e eprtr n ietv diseases, digestive and respiratory prevent to properties healing and medicinal contains honey natural that shown has Research health. human overall to contributes that product multipurpose a is honey natural sugars, and minerals, trace protein, vitamins, Rich in Bolivia. in Park National of Amboró forest dry the from honey Native y eueaetesi,and skin, the rejuvenate ra y cataracts eye treat n lryvision. blurry and h oe oe n2 l 0m,ad10m eai n lsi bottles. plastic and ceramic ml 100 and ml, 50 Negro. de of ml, Suro Honey 25 Fe Honey as and in Santa Señorita, comes locally Honey of honey known Barcina, The Erereu types, municipality Honey honey the Choca, and of Suro in Honey diversity restoration Obobosi, center a forest produces collection and association development honey The alternative Yapacani. a its for has and means APROMIN honey a the protection. create commercialize to agricultural to (APROMIN) and other Producers derivatives and Honey developed They Native livestock production. of Natural in honey Association native Management engaged the with Integrated Typically experimenting are the Park. communities in National the communities activities, Amboró the the by of food produced of Area is source honey a conservation. As native tropical-forest world. The for the ally around excellent species an bee is native honey of native medicine, loss bee and is the resources forest forest to rain of contributing mismanagement Amazon all and the are agrochemicals, in of seeds pollination lush use and of in the fruits percent Deforestation, trees of Sixty pollinated. and production forest. and shrubs, rain pollination flowers, Amazon the of Bolivia’s to nectar for instrumental the are on bees native feed The They forests. years. of thousands for Bolivia description: Production location: Product ecosystems subtropical and aeo h pce n ecosystem: and species the of Name N AT V BO IVE L IVI A moóNtoa ak Bolivia Park, National Amboró HONEY N eioaobobosi Melipona h soito locmecaie rdcsderived products commercializes also association The rmbe,icuigbe a,ple,adpooi (a propolis and pollen, wax, bees including bees, from eiosmxuebe olc rmte usadother and buds tree from collect bees mixture resinous ovninlhoney. conventional eiaiepout r fmc ihrvlethan value higher much of are products derivative POI eivsteei rae oeta for potential greater is there believes APROMIN omrilzto,bcuetentv oe and honey native the because commercialization, eioaobobosi Melipona oaia ore n s sahv sealant; hive a as use and sources botanical r aie tnls esta aeeitdin existed have that bees stingless native, are rdcsaesl opol h nwof know properties. health who and medicinal people their the for to them Mostly, sold Cruz. Santa are of products city the as from received well are orders Santa municipality of Some a municipality Fe. at the in and stall center market small collection APROMIN the sold currently at are products The a basis. on limited marketed are products honey native The lozenges). throat many to in tinctures medicinal from a forms, as used be can propolis aiebefudi tropical in found bee native ; F Honey OOD PR DRY FORESTFLOWER HONEY OD

Name of species and ecosystem: Honey made from the nectars of the Erythrina crista-galli U (ceibo) and Ceratonia siliqua (algarrobo) trees; Sancán dry forest C T Product location: Jipijapa, Manabí province, Ecuador S Production description: Honey production is reducing the impact of agricultural expansion into the Sancán dry forest. With the income received for the honey and the recognition of the importance of the tree species for the long-term sustainability of the production, the Quimís community is working to protect the local forest. Such economic activity is particularly necessary in this region, where desertification (caused by land conversion for industrial agriculture) is an increasing environmental problem. The honey products are marketed under the brand Ceibo & Honey. Several organizations are involved in the honey production, including the Asociación Campesina Recinto el Sandial, the microenterprise Don-Alejo, and the 25 de Julio Beekeepers Association. Each organization is instrumental in getting the products 61 to market. The mission of Asociación Campesina Recinto el Sandial is to promote the economic improvement and social progress of their members and their families and to encourage stronger community participation. Don-Alejo has the infrastructure to manufacture the honey products, as does the Beekeepers Association, which is in the business of honey storage and standardizing processing.

The 100% natural honey embodies the flavors of the ceibo (Erythrina crista-galli) and algarrobo (Ceratonia siliqua) tree flowers found in the dry forest of Ecuador. 62 FOOD PRODUCTS Ho n 0btlso 8 co oe e month. per honey of cc 180 of and bottles produce 20 communities productive The environment. benefits forest of a greater that the system honey creates local number beneficial work economically Esperas and Their the Awás, communities. Afro-Ecuadorian, the increasing in 40 producers are there is Today, producers. honey or meliponicultores, health conservation for production honey and of popularity the increased and The bee wimal the forest. of the habitat of survival the affecting is Lorenzo San area harmonious the a in deforestation maintains Yet it) dynamic. use ecosystem the who and the humans the flora of (and the bees 90% between Ecuador. relationship to of that forest interdependent bee 80% rain The tropical stingless pollinating northern a the in in is flora role bee neotropical wimal important the The an and traditional plays health forest. human these the for of in health honey customary produce was to It communities forest. the in rain communities tropical indigenous Awás and Afro-Ecuadorian description: Production forest. Colombia. Andean high and distribution: Global Ecuador province, Esmeraldas location: Product aeo h pce n ecosystem: and species the of Name N AT e y V EC IVE UA DO foEudra,Aá,adEprscmuiisi a oez,SnFrancisco, San Lorenzo, San in communities Esperas and Awás, Afro-Ecuadorian, R rpclAeia rpcladsbrpclri oet n h ihad (paramo) highlands the and forest, rain subtropical and tropical America, Tropical I A HONEY N eioaindescisa Melipona hshnyi h rdc fthe of product the is honey This eioaindescisa Melipona e sedmct otws cao n southwest and Ecuador northwest to endemic is bee rylbeo ia bee) wimal or bee (royal rpc.Tenative The tropics. caoinhsahigh a has Ecuadorian ecnaeo iai A, vitamin of percentage esi h Ecuadorian the in bees oe rmntv “wimal” native from Honey iai complex, B vitamin ieas n vitamin and minerals, .Hnycan Honey C. eprtr health respiratory hntknrwor raw taken when and system enoc immune reinforce ie ihpollen. with mixed F Honey OOD PR OD U C T S

Organic honey from DRY FOREST ORGANIC HONEY FROM PERU endangered bees found in the equatorial dry forest region of Name of species and ecosystem: Honey derived from the following tree Peru. The honey species: Prosopis pallida, Capparis angulata, Bursera graveolens, Capparis ovalifolia,andAcacia macracantha; Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion. varies in color from almost transparent to Product location: Beekeeping production centers are located on the north coast of Peru, in Piura and Lambayeque. dark brown. Its consistency can be Global distribution: The Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion covers a coastal strip fluid, viscous, or of 100 to 150 k wide, from the Santa Elena peninsula, the Gulf of Guayaquil, and 63 Puna Island in Ecuador to Peru, covering large parts of Tumbes, Piura, partially crystallized, Lambayeque, and La Libertad into the western catchment of the Andes to the and its flavor and valley of Marañón between Cajamarca and Amazonas. aroma vary according Production description: Deforestation threatens the dry forest region, where to the plant of origin. 25,000 hectares are deforested every year. Forest regeneration relies on receiving moderate rainfall and a strong El Niño phenomenon. As a result, the Peruvian dry forest is a precarious ecoregion that requires special attention for its conservation. Beekeeping and honey production are key ingredients to the forest’s survival. Upwards of 20,000 h of forest are managed for honey production. Throughout the area, beehives are managed away from sources of pollution, as is required for organic certification. Seven community organizations sustainably manage the dry forest along the northern coast of Peru. The impact of honey production, the main source of income for the families living in the region, cannot be overstated. This economic activity has changed the community’s perception of the forest from the cause of their poverty to the source of their income. Today, the community organizations are the primary monitors of the forest, and they promote forest conservation, which has reduced logging and slash-and -burn migrant agriculture. Bio Latina, the body authorized to certify organic production in Peru, has certified this honey as organic for three years in a row. The Peruvian Association of Ecological Producers, made up of the seven community organizations, is responsible for marketing the organic honey. Annually, the association produces 10 tons of honey, which is sold at retail by the kilo and half kilo or in bulk at 20 k and 25 k. 64 FOOD PRODUCTS Ho n e y rdcindescription: Production distribution: Global Mexico location: Product ecosystems neotropical warm exist); ecosystem: bee and stingless species the of Name HONEY esaelsn hi aua aia u odfrsain n e epecniu opatc h traditional the practice to continue people few and deforestation, to due habitat natural of future their the as losing and regarded are endangered was bees is bee as bee Melipona value Melipona the its the medicines, to Unfortunately, traditional sacred. addition and In honey centuries. of for source Maya a the by cultivated was and America rf fcrn o eioabeehives. Melipona for caring of craft ebr fteDuawmnsgopaetandi h rdtoa r of art traditional the in trained are group women’s Dzula the of Members aua eorecnevto.Beie a ekp nbcyr aisadaefudntrlyi tree in naturally found are and patios backyard on kept be can Beehives conservation. resource natural FR MME OM zl omnt,Flp arloPet,Qitn o state, Roo Quintana Puerto, Carrillo Felipe community, Dzula amnorpcleoytm rmMxc oArgentina. to Mexico from ecosystems neotropical Warm L I P ON h stingless The A BEES Melipona Melipona rns h zl oe s aua ehiust harvest to techniques natural use women Dzula The trunks. oe 0seiso this of species 40 (over oe n rtc h es n ehiu st s a use to is technique One bees. the protect and honey e sntv oCentral to native is bee h uaa eino Mexico. of region Yucatan the aua netrpletdrvdfo h evso the of leaves the from derived repellent insect natural h rjc a rw rm1 rgnlbeehives original 15 from grown has project The Melipona’s oa ai ret ee l htcuddestroy could that fly a repel to tree jabim local ntal o3 urnl nue ihSPspot the support, SGP With use. in currently 38 to initially zl oe’ ru niiae sn existing using anticipates group women’s Dzula ud oprhs 0adtoa hives. additional 30 purchase to funds aua oe aetaiinlyfo eioabe in bees Melipona from traditionally made honey Natural aua beehives. natural Melipona Melipona ekeigucran The uncertain. beekeeping ekeig swl as well as beekeeping, F Honey OOD PR OD U C T S Rainforest Honey is collected from apiaries in the protected areas of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor. This ecologically friendly honey has a rich golden color and a distinctive bittersweet aroma. The honey also contains the flavor of naturally occurring flora and the nectar of the Madre Cacao (Gliricidia sepium) plant. Rainforest Honey is ideal for breakfast when served with a variety of fruit or on bread, corn tortillas, pancakes, or RAINFOREST HONEY waffles. Free of chemical contaminants, the honey also provides an array of sugars, vitamins, minerals, enzymes, amino acids, and Name of species and ecosystem: African bees and Gliricidia sepium; tropical forests antioxidants. Residents of Belize use 65 honey and lime juice as a cure for Product location: Cayo District, Belize coughs and throat ailments. Production description: The producers of Rainforest Honey, members of the Cayo Quality Honey Producers Cooperative Society (CQHPCS), maintain the ecological integrity of the Mountain Pine Ridge Forest Reserve and the El Pilar Archaeological Reserve. CQHPCS advocates for the protection of the forest and the reduction of un- sustainable land-use practices. CQHPCS—with 25 members drawn from the villages of San Antonio, Bullet Tree, Branch Mouth, Seven Miles, Cristo Rey, and San Jose Succotz—produces 40,000 pounds of honey per year. The beekeepers learned how to sustainably manage African honeybees, which were previously responsible for the collapse of the honey industry in Belize. In an effort to increase their income, members of the CQHPCS also started producing pollen, royal jelly, and propolis for the local market. 66 FOOD PRODUCTS Cook in gO i s V ls, n aua septic. natural aid, and digestive stabilizer, blood- sugar a as qualities medicinal has also Vinegar mayonnaise. or mustard, ketchup, pickles, meat, with recipes for ingredient an or salads in dressing a as perfect is vinegar banana vinegars, than other sweeter flavor a With fat. salt, or sugar, contain not does calories and zero has it organic, Certified 100% food. a healthy is and vinegar banana versatile The Rica. producers Costa banana in of group a product to artisanal unique an is vinegar Banana in eg ar s, and S yru ps aeo h pce n ecosystem: and and species the of Name B ol’ ags rdcri ni n h edn xotris The exporter leading the America. and South India Ecuador. and is producer Oceania largest to world’s Asia Southeast from distribution: Global location: Product A N rdcindescription: Production iea r rw raial narfrsr ytm nthe in systems agroforestry in organically grown are vinegar aaac aiba ilgclCrio,i nae htis that area an in Corridor, Biological Caribbean Talamanca loabopeersreadwrdhrtg ie The site. heritage world and reserve biosphere a also uabalbisiana Musa rdcr eogt CPO opoi organization nonprofit a ACAPRO, to belong producers A hthswre ic 96t mrv h social, the improve to 1996 since worked has that N cnmc n niomna ieo aiisand families of life environmental and economic, A omnte.AAR fesevrnetland environmental offers ACAPRO communities. cnmceuainporm httahthe teach that programs education economic VINE aaapoueshwt aaeterproduction their manage to how producers banana utial n oesr odscrt o their for security food ensure to and sustainably aiistruhco iesfcto.AAR has ACAPRO diversification. crop through families enacuilpriiati h government’s the in participant crucial a been rga fpyetfrevrnetlservices, environmental for payment of program edn opiayadscnayfrs regrowth forest secondary and primary to leading nti rtce osrainae.ACAPRO area. conservation protected this in aaa r odt opne ieGre for Gerber like companies to sold are bananas rai ayfo.Tesrlsbnnsaeused are bananas surplus The food. baby organic omk h aaavngradsl nthe in sold and vinegar banana the make to oetcmre ne h rn Gromi. brand the under market domestic GAR ió,CsaRica Costa Limón, oetecosystem forest , aaa r rw noe 3 countries, 130 over in grown are Bananas h aaa sdi banana in used bananas The uaacuminate Musa F CookingOils, Vinegars, and Syrups OOD PR OD U C T S

Pickling brine made from YACON PICKLING BRINE the Andean root yacon. Yacon is a beneficial food for managing Name of species and ecosystem: Smallanthus weight and diabetes, as sonchifolius; Andean valleys and wet hillsides to the south of Quebrada de Humahuaca. it is low in calories and sugars. The pickling Product location: Chorrillos, Barcena, Argentina; transition zone between Selva de las Yungas in Jujuy and brine is a probiotic that Quebrada de Humahuaca. helps to multiply good bacteria, which are Global distribution: Andes Mountains in Colombia, 67 Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Argentina. The best conditions beneficial to the colon for its development are between 1,000 and 2,500 m above and overall health. sea level, with water contribution between 650 and 1,000 mm per year in loam or sandy soils. Production description: An Andean crop that reaches two meters in height, yacon is an edible root long cultivated in Argentina for its sweet flavor and availability throughout the winter months (as a stored vegetable). The brine is made by Cooperativa Agricola Portal del Patrimonio Ltda. Founded in 2005 and made official through legal status in 2008, the cooperative is composed of 14 yacon small farmers from Chorrillos, Barcena. Chorrillos has about 150 inhabitants, most of whom are small farmers devoted to livestock and agriculture. Available between July and December, yacon pickling brine comes in 340 g jars, with an average of 400 jars available per year. 68 FOOD PRODUCTS Cook eebr h oprtv rdcsa vrg 0 aspryear. per and jars July 400 between available average most an is produces jar, cooperative g 340 The December. a in comes which syrup, The agriculture. and from livestock to farmers whom devoted small of farmers most yacon small inhabitants, 14 are del 150 about of has Portal stored composed Chorrillos Barcena. is Agricola Chorrillos, a status cooperative legal Cooperativa the through (as official 2008, by made in months and 2005 made in winter Founded is Ltda. Patrimonio the sweet syrup its throughout The for Argentina availability vegetable). in cultivated and long root flavor edible an is yacon height, soils. loam sandy description: or contribution Production loam water in with year are per level, development mm sea 1,000 its above and 650 for m between 2,500 conditions and best 1,000 The between Argentina. and Bolivia, distribution: Humahuaca. Global de Quebrada and Jujuy in Yungas las de Selva location: Product de Quebrada of south the to Humahuaca. hillsides wet and valleys Andean aeo h pce n ecosystem: and species the of Name Y A O SY CON in gO RUP i s V ls, hrils acn,Agnia rniinzn between zone transition Argentina; Barcena, Chorrillos, ne onan nClmi,Eudr Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, in Mountains Andes in nAda rpta ece w eesin meters two reaches that crop Andean An eg ar s, and mlatu sonchifolius Smallanthus S yru ps ; slwi aoisadsugars. and calories in low it is as diabetes, and for weight food managing beneficial a root is Andean Yacon yacon. the from made Syrup 69 Melipona honey production is an ancient tradition in Bees that Heal Quintana Roo, Mexico. To further develop this traditional knowledge, seven communities in the center of Quintana Roo organized Flor de Tajonal, a society of beekeepers, in Maya women in honey October 2004. The society had two main goals: (1) to attain organic honey certification and (2) to increase the production in Quintana Roo, participation of women in the honey tradition. Organic honey certification is a multi-year process that Mexico requires a strong commitment to the environment and dedication to learning. Beginning in 2006, with the support of the Global Environmental Facility’s COMPACT Small Grants Programme, the beekeepers designed a project to transition from conventional to organic production. The project involved training and studying new production techniques and acquiring the equipment and materials for organic production. After two years of work, the economic and conservation payoffs were worth it: apiculture fetches an average 25% higher price than conventional honey; and 70 for every ton of organic honey produced, 30 hectares of tropical forest are conserved.

Reaching out to women also required a real commitment to change. Traditionally, women are involved in managing and utilizing traditional Melipona honey for domestic consumption and religious and medicinal purposes. But they did not participate in the income-generating side of honey production. Flor de Tajonal initiated trainings for women to use honey in a wide array of products such as cosmetics. The women exceeded all expectations: they created a line of apitherapy products, they participate in trade fairs and expositions throughout the region, and they opened their own apitherapy products store. In 2007, the women attained full member status in Flor de Tajonal, including voting rights.

Today, the women’s participation in the regional honey market is very competitive. Their sales at trade fairs outperform most vendors. In 2008, the United Nations Foundation Recently, the women decided to create a cooperative under their own granted them support to create retail relationships with organizations administration. They will continue to work in close collaboration with and hotels in the World Heritage Alliance. And since their store Flor de Tajonal but will attain their own legal status. Their cooperative opened in 2009, they are now selling directly to the public. is called Melitza’ak, which means “Bees that Heal.” The women feel they are only just beginning.

71

MARINE PRODUCTS 74 MARINE PRODUCTS h ntdSae,Fac,San tl,Prua,Jpn n Korea. description: and Production Japan, Mexico, Portugal, Chile, Italy, Brazil, Spain, countries, France, other States, United among the in, cultivated is which oyster, distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name OYS ol iet eev diinltann nose edn n productivity. and They seeding year. oyster on each training oysters additional receive 100,000 to like average to would on produces selling currently includes AMM that beach in towns. campaign tastings coastal conducting and and marketing hotels Jose San is capital a the oysters in Rican to delicatessens Costa due of consumption oysters growing most the as However, rare, is imported. oysters are of production national Ricans, Costa For to product. ministry the health of consumption the healthy by ensure endorsed The for and laboratory the safety seeds. by product certified are growing oyster the oysters the The during period. have 1,000 bags the that maintain hold harvesters bags to and secured hatchery, capacity in a them in or grow The produced seeds, oyster oysters waves). with oyster young ponds from the for seed protection environment women (e.g., ideal an growth create The ponds Nicoya. that marine of constructing Gulf includes cost-effective the in innovative, technology oysters an growing developed for University method alternative National the create and could AMM resources. to marine that on way pressure oysters reduce a and harvest devised activity economic University, and National Proyectos cultivate de the sustainably (Asociación and Association APROPESA) the Projects AMM), backdrop, Pesqueros, Fishing Morales, this the de Against Mujeres with de living. together Nicoya (Asociación a of Association sediment make Gulf Women’s to the Morales to the addition made fishermen ameliorate in have for population gulf, to growing unproductive the Rica, overall in Costa an Overfishing of and stock. pollution, coast fish Pacific the the on pressure on gulf overfished an T E R S ot ePjrs ufo ioa utrns ot Rica Costa Puntarenas, Nicoya, of Gulf Pajaros, de Costa rgntdi h noPcfcadkona h Pacific the as known and Pacific Indo the in Originated hs ytr r utvtdi h ufo Nicoya, of Gulf the in cultivated are oysters These rsoraggs saltwater gigas; Crassotrea phosphorus. copper, and iron, manganese, zinc, of calcium, D magnesium, allowance iodine, and daily acid), recommended provides oysters the (ascorbic medium-size five B2 or C a (thiamine), Four is (calciferol). (niacin), B1 it A, B3 that vitamins doubt (riboflavin), in no rich is food there nutritious but is taste, oyster the acquired some, a For an cultures. is many properties, in aphrodisiac food mythical its for known oyster, The M AR INE MANGROVE CLAMS PR Name of the species and ecosystem: Anadara tuberculosa; mangrove OD Product location: Isla de Chira, Golfo de Nicoya, Puntarenas, Costa Rica U

Global distribution: The clam is common in most parts of the Pacific American coast, C T

from the Gulf of California in Mexico to Tumbes, Peru. S

Production description: The health and supply of mangrove clams is an indicator of a Clams harvested from mangroves in mangrove’s health. Clams act as a water filter, combing through sediment, nutrients, and the Gulf of Nicoya in La Isla de Chira, pollutants in the water. A mangrove with no clams means that the water is too polluted for Costa Rica. The clams, oval with a them to survive. Mangroves are also vitally important to the birth and development of many commercial species such as snapper, snails, lobster, shrimp, and crab, as well as for other coarse shell, are known for their species that are ecologically important to the mangrove ecosystem, such as sea stars, clams, aphrodisiac qualities and versatility in oysters, marlin, and barracuda. Moreover, mangroves are a natural, protective barrier against many seafood recipes. Mangrove coastal storms and waves. Mangroves are threatened by pollution from the agricultural, clams are sold in restaurants in dishes mining, and shrimping industries, and by household waste. The destruction of mangroves for real estate development is another leading threat to this exquisite ecosystem. like ceviche, seafood rice, and clams with green plantains and bananas. By becoming aware of the delicate nature and importance of the mangroves, 75 the women of Isla de Chira are learning how to create an economy out of a pristine environment. Economically, the area is pressed for jobs, as the fishing sector is limited by the overexploitation of the Gulf of Nicoya. Harvesting mangrove clams reduces the pressure on the fish stock and presents a form of employment based on the health of the natural environment. The quiet community of La Isla de Chira, where bicycling is the main mode of transportation, combines clamming and mangrove tours to boost the economy and promote conservation. As a result, the community has a vested interest in conserving the mangroves. 76 MARINE PRODUCTS o h raino pt 0tn year. a tons 10 to up available of are creation Conditions the year. for per ton one is in Carahatas production current fossil The of sponges. use fuel–based the reduce local also for they good conservation, sponges natural are only Not marketplace. the higher in a price fetch Carahats result, from a sponges As the morphology. uniform more a growth and swifter for allows This propagules.” “suspended than rather “free propagules” of technique traditional the sponges through grow to learned have The fishermen Carahatas. for income of important source most the now are sponges Today, dolphins. and lizards, fish, large turtles, manatees, notable birds, a marine to of home variety is area the because ecologically important was the base Changing economic grouper. and and techniques snapper red fish as valuable such for species areas was spawning bottom area damaged as the that the such past, trawling on techniques the pressure harmful In the ecologically techniques. reduces using friendly yet fished environmentally fishing Sponge uses of product. and tradition niche stock the this fish with to keeping turning in now is are collection village fishing Carahatas the of description: Production distribution: Global location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name C ULTUR DM ED AR aaaa omnt,Qeaod üns il lr,Cuba Clara, Villa Güines, de Quemado community, Carahatas N B INE Caribbean rdtoal ein nfsigfrcmec,tefishermen the commerce, for fishing on reliant Traditionally AT HS P Hippospongia ON G E sp. aua pne olce f h os fa of coast the off collected sponges Natural rtce rai Cuba in area protected o oetcand domestic for industrial purposes. M AR INE DRIED SEAMOSS PR Name of the species and ecosystem: Gelidium serrulatum is found in OD Trinidad and has not been documented anywhere else in the English-speaking

Caribbean. U C

Product location: Blanchisseuse, Trinidad T S Global distribution: Gelidium is also known to occur on the coastlines of Venezuela and South Africa.

Production description: The species of seamoss featured here, from the Blanchisseuse area of Trinidad, has the highest quality of agar (a gelatinous extract of red alga) of any commercial species in the region. The species is found only on a limited stretch of coastline within the coastal communities on the north coast of Trinidad, between Las Cuevas in the northwest and Toco at the northeastern tip of the island. Its limited distribution and superior quality make it particularly vulnerable to overexploitation and so sustainable seamoss cultivation and management is critical.

In recent times, community members adopted sustainable harvesting 77 techniques that involve cutting the seamoss stems rather than the roots (a Rare, nutritious seamoss dried in the sun by local residents practice that prevented the natural reproduction of the species). When of fishing villages in Trinidad. Seamoss-based drinks are a harvested the dried seamoss appears dark red, and when cleaned, cream tradition in Blanchissuese. Mixed with milk and local spices, colored. The seamoss is washed to get all the foreign organisms and salt out. It is finally bleached with diluted lemon juice and dried in the sun. the seamoss is drunk with Sunday meals and by new mothers to increase their nutrition for breastfeeding. Due to the rarity and importance of this species of seamoss, Blanchisseuse Environmental Art Trust, a small group of residents, primarily women, educates about and promotes sustainable harvesting of seamoss.

Blanchisseuse is a fishing and agricultural village that depends mainly on its natural resources for its livelihood. Fishing is the primary sources of income for local residents. Seamoss is harvested mainly during the dry season (January– May), when the sea is much calmer. Usually, the seamoss takes approximately five days to process and is stored for use in the rainy season (June–December), when the seas are rough and harvesting becomes difficult. Due to the high agar content of Blanchisseuse’s seamoss, this product would benefit from further research about what products can be derived from it. There is potential for it to be used ice cream, medicinal products, and beauty products. 78 MARINE PRODUCTS aua lagoons. natural rw i local via grown qautr in aquaculture at shrimp Tasty fmnrv oet rudtegl.Eetal,i shpdta h production the that hoped is it Eventually, gulf. conservation the around and forests survival mangrove the of ensures coastal also larger farming the Fonseca Shrimp benefits ecosystem. the subsequently marine and around ecosystem formed the lagoons preserve natural helps gulf temporary the in farming Shrimp cocktails, including dishes, international salads. and diet. the and local local provides ceviche, many the in of that in used component world, are popular important shrimp an very the The are are and in shrimp communities few gulf The nearby the aquaculture. the of shrimp one for necessary and conditions America, Latin of coast description: Production location: Product ecosystem: and species of Name SH R IM PFR ntelgoswl aepaeya on opoieasal income stable a provide to round year place take will lagoons the in OM T oteatsnfsemni seoRa n oprevent to and Real Estero in fishermen artisan the to uroMrzn osc uf hnnea Nicaragua Chinandega, gulf, Fonseca Morazán, Puerto EN HE ag-cl mgainfo h region. the from emigration large-scale h ufo osc steol lc ntePacific the on place only the is Fonseca of Gulf The TRLLAG ATURAL h ria ihre fteae,woare who area, the of fishermen artisan The ebr fcmuiista eeseverely were that communities of members ihtecooperative. the with fetdb urcn ic n19,live 1998, in Mitch Hurricane by affected eua noefrfmle associated families for income regular lotecuieyo ihn,snethey since fishing, on exclusively almost aua atlagoons salt Natural nteGl fFneagaate a guarantees Fonseca of Gulf the in aon riaa rdcino shrimp of production Artisanal lagoon. ontonfrln.Tefishermen The farmland. own not do aetu nrcn er organized years recent in thus have n h etrto ftenatural the of restoration the and riaa ihre fMorazán of Fishermen Artisanal hmevsit nascain the association, an into themselves rmt utial ihn practices fishing sustainable promote AOECM.Teognzto now organization The (ASOPESCAM). a 5 ebr n isto aims and members 250 has OSO OONS FF ONSEC GULF A M AR INE

BLACK CONCH PR OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Anadara similis and Anadara U tuberculosa; mangrove swamps and lagoons in the Tropcial Eastern C Pacific region T S

Product location: Alemania Federal Community, El Realejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua

Global distribution: Anadara sp. live in coastal lagoons and mangrove swamps along the Pacific coast of Latin America. Anadara similis ranges from Peru to northern Nicaragua, while A. turberculosa ranges from Peru to Mexico.

Production description: In the community of Alemania, conch is the base of the daily diet. The locals consider conch a gift from the sea and are very creative in developing a variety of recipes with them, including soups, cocktails, and fried cockles.

Conch is traditionally collected in the mangroves of the Pacific 79 coast of Nicaragua; however, due to their overexploitation, they are now in danger of extinction. In response to this threat, a group of 40 women and men joined the Association of Fishermen of the Federal German Community (ATMAF). This group organized in response to the socio-environmental problems in the region, in particular the environmental deterioration of the mangrove forest. As fishermen, they depend almost entirely on the lagoons and thus decided to react to prevent their destruction. Conch, a bivalve The community of Alemania, organized by the ATMAF cooperative, saltwater shellfish native to cultivates cockles in nurseries. The project is based on the production of the Pacific Coast of Latin natural seed, which settles in the corals, additionally providing a hard America, is a local delicacy. In substrate for coral settlement and growth. As a result, the value of productivity per hectare of mangroves grows. And the sustainably integrated management Nicaragua, conch are often used on fine of mangrove forest leads to the repopulation of other species that rely on the dining occasions, from buying a dozen shells in mangrove habitat. These include species harvested by the local community as the market for an elegant cocktail party to a food source, which help provide alimentary security for the community as enjoying a dish at a fine restaurant. well as a source of revenue. Thanks to this production, the community meets its basic needs and generates additional income. 80 MARINE PRODUCTS errud oee,frlreodr h etrnes1 asavnenotice. advance days 15 needs center the available orders are large shellfish for the The however, with Ecosystem. round; solidarity Swamp year Mangrove and the trade of fair Towns as Ancestral well as ecosystem, swamp the mangrove of recovery and the conservation, promote protection, Pescador Martín Centro of products The capture. for requirement minimum-size a including regulations, conservation management to subject are products weekly. These in brought are communities local by gathered Products ecosystem. mangrove swamps the of culture the preserving and products mangrove for commercializing center a Mangrove manages the Ecosystem of Swamps Towns Ancestral the Quito, In of source the families. main of many the roots for constitutes the income business between from shellfish activity shellfish the the Additionally, extract and mangroves). local to shellfish the means the of (which to culture conchar refer the of legends of and part the myths, important of Lullabies, an areas communities. also root area, is the the Conch from in swamps. species populations mangrove this coastal gathered the historically for have source which protein main only the work. collect are of to Shellfish hours manages eight today to but six work in of shellfish hours 100 of to few more 70 a collect conch in could in shellfish group reduction 1,000 shellfish-gathering drastic than a a ago, in years resulted Fifteen swamp has abundance. mangrove which the for lost, of pools been 70% install has than to ecosystem more order Ecuador, in In years been aquaculture. 40 have shrimp past swamps, the mangrove over the destroyed habitat, systematically only their since threatened seriously Mexico. to description: Peru Production from ranges turberculosa A. while Nicaragua, America. northern Latin to of Peru coast Pacific the along swamps distribution: Global Ecuador in location: Product ecosystem: and tuberculosa species the of Name M A N GR V CONCH OVE agoesap n aon nteToca atr aii region Pacific Eastern Tropcial the in lagoons and swamps mangrove ; agoesap nEmrla,Gaa,adE Oro, El and Guayas, Esmeraldas, in swamps Mangrove Anadara oc a necmo ntergo u r now are but region the in common once was Conch p iei osa aon n mangrove and lagoons coastal in live sp. ndr similis Anadara ndr similis Anadara and Anadara agsfrom ranges aoyselihta setnete a or raw either eaten is that shellfish savory A okd n scniee a considered is and cooked, delicacy. M AR INE

GUALAJO (WHITE SNOOK) AND SEA BASS (YELLOWFIN SNOOK) PR OD Name of species and ecosystem: Centropomus viridis: gualajo, also known as white snook U C

Centropomus robalito: sea bass, also known as yellowfin snook T S Coastal tropical and subtropical marine communities including mangrove swamps, coral reefs, and estuaries Product location: Bays and rivers populated with mangrove swamps in Esmeraldas, Manabí, Santa Elena, Guayas, and El Oro, in Ecuador Global distribution: Centropomus robalito and C. viridis live along the coast of the eastern Pacific, from the Gulf of California to Ecuador Production description: In Ecuador, species such as snook that live in mangrove ecosystems are seriously threatened by the destruction of the 81 mangrove habitat and by the contamination of the water. The water is polluted in some areas by mining waste, including mercury, arsenic, lead, cadmium, and cyanide, and by fertilizers and chemical pesticides used in shrimp aquaculture. Additionally, industrial fishing techniques have reduced fishing stocks and caused disruption to bottom-water sediments, causing the dispersion of solid contaminants. These fish are caught using ecologically sensitive fishing methods that aim to protect larva and juveniles, as well as the natural dynamic of the ecosystem as a whole. Fish are caught by manually operated nets, a practice that limits the scale of the catch. The net’s mesh is large enough to prevent the capture of small fish and to increase the selectivity of the catch. Fishing is only conducted in the surface waters, to avoid disruption Snook and seabass fish caught by artisan of bottom communities and sediments. fishers using sustainable fishing techniques. See description of the Centro Martín Pescador in Mangrove Conch profile for These species are rich in vitamin B, lipid- more information about the community organization.. soluble A and D, and a number of minerals (phosphate, potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, and iodine). 82 MARINE PRODUCTS e ecito fteCnr atnPsao nMnrv oc rfl o oeifrainabout information more for profile Conch Mangrove organization.. in community Pescador the Martín Centro swamps. the mangrove of of description clearing See the marshes, of much of aquaculture shrimp for habitats the responsible protected by been destruction exacerbated more has widespread been the which the has industry, by destruction to affected Such move is swamps. eggs population mangrove larvae their Ecuador’s wild the of deposit the Thus Females hatched streams. cycle. once and life swamps, but their mangrove these sea, of open portion of a region. the heritage for this in areas in cultural near-shore industry utilize the aquaculture shrimp shrimp of Whiteleg the competitive of part a expansion important at the by fishermen an threatened artisan is is as and puts large fishing communities which as Shrimp not species, are disadvantage. same shrimp marketing the caught wild of Consequently, shrimp growth. aquaculture-raised encourage to nutrients or hormones description: Production distribution: Global coast Ecuadorian Pacific. location: eastern Product coastal in substrate, muddy with waters coastal shallow ecosystem: relatively and species the of Name WI L DKIN GPRA N(WHI WN omnte fEmrla,Mnb,Gaa,SnaEeaadE r,o the on Oro, El and Elena Santa Guayas, Manabí, Esmeraldas, of Communities aiet h atr aii n agn rmMxc onrhr Peru northern to Mexico from ranging and Pacific eastern the to Native ncnrs ofr-asdsrm,teewl hipaentgiven not are shrimp wild these shrimp, farm-raised to contrast In T E L E G SH ioeau vannamei Litopenaeus R IM aieseiso hiphretdusing harvested shrimp practices. of fishing artisanal species native A P ) formerly , eau vannamei Penaeus prefer , M AR INE PR OD U C T S FRESH CHILEANBLUEMUSSEL

Name of species and ecosystem: Mytilus chilensis; intertidal marine coastal ecosystem Product location: Corral, Los Rio region, Southern Chile Global distribution: Southern coast of Chile Production description: Harvested and respected by the men and women of the Chaihuín Fishermen’s Union, these mussels are a high-demand ingredient for their distinct flavor in specialty dishes. The members of the union have a special perspective on the life cycles of the blue mussel. Since their youth, they have been connected to the 83 coastal sector. As adults who have witnessed the changes in the sector over the years, they understand that if the coastal sector and management area are not protected they will not be able to rely on the products they market. The fishing community has worked hard to establish an adequate program for mussel harvest. They take into account the mussel’s life cycle as well as the care of the coastal sector in order to protect the riverbanks and prevent misuse of the area. In this way, the union has changed its role from harvesters to conservers of the sector. Union members respect the mussel’s life cycle and make improvements such as advanced temperature control for the Fresh blue mussel’s commercialization. Blue mussels are mussels from southern Chile available throughout the year. known for their distinct flavor in speciality dishes. 84 MARINE PRODUCTS sBlz n aaa osadriego management good standardize level. commercial to a on Panama, harvesting lobster for and practices Belize such countries other as from communities Yucatan the fishing the with across and through cooperatives peninsula, fishing other poverty with working cooperative now reduce The is biodiversity.” of to use sustainable being and communities conservation work “remarkable by the for a sustainable undertaken was recognition cooperative for received the and 2006, competition In finalist Initiative. international Equator the an by initiatives in protected resulted from recognition model away tool management far in a innovative fish cooperative’s use to they The (they as and reefs. environment so instead), ocean nets “jamo” without a the fish called on They impact survive. their allow and lessen that grow lobsters to for young refuges the construct the of fishermen conservation The the species. and livelihood to future Foundation techniques members’ Nations fishing the sustainable United secure key the uses and cooperative the SGP (UNF), the from support With times. difficult financial financial during provides fishermen that the fund for trust security a number a maintaining in including fishing ways, lobster of of program sustainable this from benefit description: Production location: Product ART IS A N ALL YH ut le,Qitn o,Mexico Roo, Quintana Allen, Punta AR VES ebr ftefsigcooperative fishing the of Members T ED L OBS T E R S ol eiaest nMexico. UNESCO in site a Heritage World Reserve, Biosphere Ka'an the Sian in and techniques artisanal caught through managed lobster harvested Sustainably 85 Earlston Warner, a former sea turtle harvester in St. Kitts, St. Kitts Sea Turtle remembers being asked to volunteer to protect the sea turtles. “I was curious about the experience,” he recalled. Three years later, he is a senior sea turtle technician. He Monitoring Network began with monitoring turtle eggs and placing them in safe areas so they would survive the odds against them. Conservation through One in 150 turtle eggs survive. Their survival rate is hurt by two main threats in St. Kitts: the open harvest of turtle eggs, and habitat destruction both on the nesting community education beaches and in the water. Today, the St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network (SKSTMN), a community-based organization that monitors and protects the St. Kitts sea and eco-jewelry turtle population, is changing those odds.

Founded in January 2003, SKSTMN has developed many projects to protect both sea turtle breeding areas on beaches and the marine ecosystem as a whole. The organization advocates strengthening sea turtle conservation laws and promotes community awareness 86 about turtle conservation. SKSTMN’s community education work is transformative for both the community and the turtle population. Each year, local fistherman collect a large number of endangered sea turtles, primarily hawksbills, in the legal harvest. Thus, in an effort to create alternative sources of income to replace the sea turtle harvest, SKSTMN focused a large portion of its efforts in the fishing communities. Local fishermen are offered positions as sea turtle technicians to work on the leatherback turtle project, in which they receive income for conservation as opposed to harvesting.

Additionally, in collaboration with the Global Environmental Facility’s Small Grants Programme (GEF SGP), the Wider Caribbean Sea Turtle Conservation Network (WIDECAST), and Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine (RUSVM), a recycled-glass jewelry project developed that offers free training to communities in glass jewelry making. This product promotes recycling glass bottles rather than having them contribute to the refuse in the immediate ecosystem, such as the ocean. SKSTMN sponsors bimonthly beach cleanups on the main sea turtle nesting beaches, removing thousands of pounds of marine debris each year. Much of the glass products collected in the beach cleanups are now being incorporated into the project’s glass jewelry.

Sandmining, vegetation removal, vehicular traffic, and trash place significant pressure on nesting beach habitats in St. Kitts and pose a serious threat to both adult nesting females and hatchlings. In 2009, with GEF SGP support and the development of leatherback ecotours on the main nesting beaches heightened awareness about these environmental issues island-wide. 87 SKSTMN’s public outreach doesn’t stop with fishermen and tourists. The organization offers a sea turtle camp that attracts over 100 participants from local schools every year. The camp educates youth about the sea turtle’s life cycle and the need to protect their ecosystem. SKSTMN’s other programs are targeted at educating businesses and developers on best practices regarding sea turtles.

SKSTMN’s work is increasing the island’s environmental awareness and making a big difference in the sea turtle population. Warner no longer harvests sea turtles. He finds pride in growing the numbers of turtles on the island and in making and wearing the jewelry that is helping bring the turtles back.

TIMBERPROUDCTS 90 TIMBERPRODUCTS aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name N ihsaddsgigamreigsrtg orahtoemarkets. those reach to strategy market marketing additional a identifying designing year in and per interested niches trees is 10,000 group grow The Pejibaye average. de on Antonio San of Women The how and species trees. tree grow the successfully about in to learn participate to often process Students reforestation patches. the forest of contribute connectivity to the areas to deforested in and out watersheds, carried for important is pasture, conditions reforestation the general, create In to coffee. trees shade-grown the use areas. customers degraded tree of Some reforestation the which for services, incentives environmental generates the for in payment participate of who program producers national by bought are trees The to migrated employment. have other who for men States many United of the loss that the community by a challenged to is income additional tree provides The work livestock. nursery and the products are agricultural activities of economic cultivation main by The populated people. community 1,500 small some a is Pejibaye San de united. Antonio families in keeping role and fundamental children a educating play Pejibaye de of Antonio Women San The yet vital. environmentally scale and small economically is work group’s made The fertilizer chickens. organic from using nurseries in and trees timber ornamental these cultivate and germinate Pejibaye description: Production Rica Costa province, Puntarenas Zeledon, Perez location: Product Cypress: savanna: Oak Teak: AT IVE etn grandis Tectona Cupressus TR EN EE aeuarosea Tabebuia UR a noi ePjby,Canton Pejibaye, de Antonio San SE R h oe fSnAtnode Antonio San of Women The Y Cedar: erl odorata Cedrela L. aieadedmctrees endemic and Native rw nnreisfra for nurseries in grown n amarillón. and n nld cedar, include and iasvre habitats varied Rica’s yrs,pn bark, pine cypress, akhre stool, horse, jack ek a savanna, oak teak, ucino Costa of function nationwide biological rga to program seta othe to essential hygo are grow they h species The eoetthe reforest countryside. ot Rican Costa T IMBE

CERTIFIED WOOD AND FORESTPRODUCTS FROM A COMMUNITY FOREST RPR

Name of species and ecosystem: Swietenia macrophylla and Hevea OD brasiliensis; lowland tropical forest ecosystem U

Product location: Noh Bec community, Quintana Roo state, Mexico C T

Production description: Noh Bec is a community of 216 residents who S manage a communal forest territory (called an ejido) in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere Reserve. The territory measures 24,120 hectares, of which 18,000 h is lowland rain forest used for permanent forest production and 700 h is used as a reserve area. The Comisariado Ejidal (composed of a president, secretary, and treasurer) is in charge of forest management. Noh Bec relies on the forest management office, made up of technical staff from the community, to run the forestry production. Every year, Noh Bec harvests 1,545 cubic meters of mahogany and 4,500 cubic meters of other tropical species, taking advantage of more than 20 tree types for timber. In August 2007, Hurricane Dean hit the community directly, destroying 40% of the forest trees and deeply affecting Noh 91 Bec’s productivity. Before then, Noh Bec was a shining example of the profitability of sustainability. Through sustainable forestry practices, the community’s annual income from timber sales was on the order of $1 million, of which mahogany made up 50%. Noh Bec also produced rubber that brought in approximately $52,000 annually. Since the hurricane, challenges in the direction of the enterprise have been resolved; and through new leadership, most of the debts have been rapidly repaid. The community’s wealth is shared through 150 permanent jobs and an annual Forest Stewardship Council (FSC)–certified wood and distribution of profits of approximately other forest products from the Noh Bec ejido in Mexico. $1,800 dollars per member. In addition, The products coming out of the Noh Bec ejido include the community leads and participates in capacity building training so that the FSC–certified mahogany and up to 20 species of soft members, and the community at-large, tropical woods; handicrafts such as toys marketed under drive all sides of the business. a collective brand of products from the region of Kuxtal Sian Ka’an, a World Heritage site; and rubber, a which is currently traded with Great Britain. S T C U OD RPR PINE SEEDS IMBE

T Name of the species and ecosystem: Pinus oocarpa, Mountain ecosystem

Product location: Municipality of Jalapa, Nueva Segovia, Nicaragua

Global distribution: Native to Central America; grows at high elevations in parts of Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, and Mexico.

Production description: Pinus oocarpa is native to Central America and grows at high elevations. It is a major component of Jalapa forests but has suffered from plagues in the past. The CECOFOR cooperative is working to reduce the impact of harvesting on the environment and to protect the biodiversity of the Jalapa 92 forests. One way that they are doing this is through the cultivation of Mexican yellow pine seeds. The cooperative produces and sells them for the natural reforestation of the Jalapa forests. In turn, a portion of the proceeds from the seed product fund further conservation efforts.

Jalapa is a municipality located 65 km from the city of Ocotal. The main sources of income are forestry and tobacco. Approximately 20 producers are associated with the CECOFOR cooperatives and for the past five years have been active in forestry development and socio- environmental projects that promote gender equality and sustainable farming techniques.

Pinus oocarpa, commonly known as Mexican yellow pine or hazelnut pine, seeds used for reforestation. 93 Educational tools for children, toys, and watches—all La Esperanza Cooperative made with timber from Hurricane Felix’s debris, and made with the love and care of the indigenous women from La Esperanza Cooperative. In 2007 Hurricane Felix destroyed Indigenous women nearly 100% of the Butku community’s forest, where the cooperative is based. Through their inventiveness, the changing the response women of La Esperanza Cooperative are bringing the local economy back to health and ensuring the sustainability of to environmental disasters the forest. Since 2002, the Butku community has retained manage- ment and legal ownership over a hardwood forest area under the direction of the World Wildlife Federation and the local organization Masangni. Following Hurricane Felix, the community requested that the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) begin the process of certifying the fallen timber as sustainable. FSC is currently conducting the pre-assess- ment for granting certification for the timber fallen during the hurricane. The certification will add value to the timber 94 and open new national and international markets for the cooperative’s products, which will bring direct environ- mental and economic benefits for the community.

With the help of the United Nations Development Programme’s Small Grants Programme, La Esperanza Cooperative is increasing its production of sustainable toys. Attaining electricity was crucial to improving their productivity. In addition, the women learned from trainings how to best use the fallen timber for their craft and to enhance their organizational skills for business planning. Local markets are currently opening up as a result of these concentrated efforts. The women feel empowered by this work. The process of working with FSC and integrating hurricane debris into their craft brought more women into the project and highlighted the importance of their work in the community. According to Mrs. Nazari, president of La Esperanza Cooperative, “The women of the cooperative and the community know the value of the forest, therefore, they are committed to it for its protection.” Through the cooperative’s efforts, the local perception is shifting about the importance of taking care of the forest for the long term.

95

ARTISANAL HANDICRAFTS 98 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS rclt,adearrings. and bracelets, boxes, baskets, hats, are handicrafts common most The bright. and golden extraordinarily and naturally is dourado capim The silk. flexuosa) (Mauritia palm buriti with together sewn and dourado capim of stems flower the from made Handicrafts aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name C aaeetadhretn fcpmduaofrunique for dourado sustainable capim The fertile. of incredibly harvesting is global soil and a the management to where along especially ways home agriculture, for river conversion as biome land from delicate threat This and under fauna. in is and flora watershed role endemic of their hotspot healthy biodiversity of of part a because are Areas maintaining grasslands Preservation These Permanent biome. Brazil’s Cerrado the of grasslands description: Production Brazil. of biome distribution: Global location: Product biome Cerrado adcat ep opeettecneso fteCraofo its from Cerrado the of conversion the prevent to helps handicrafts AP aua state. natural nteJlporgo fTcnissae hspati h most the is plant this state, Tocantins of region Jalapão the In MDO IM motn oreo noefrlclcommunities. local for income of source important URA O( DO aaã ein oatn tt,Brazil state, Tocantins region, Jalapão hl aycmuiismk capim make communities many While ai ord sfudol nteCerrado the in only found is dourado Capim ord adcat oa,i l started all it today, handicrafts dourado G ihacmuiyo lv descendants, slave of community a with O population. ubc.Awmnfo Mumbuca from woman A Mumbuca. ere o ouecpmduaofor dourado capim use to how learned rfsfo eryidgnu people. indigenous nearby from crafts L re ohl anantespecies’ the maintain help to order ai ord rw ntehumid the in grows dourado Capim oa,i oprto ihscientists, with cooperation in Today, DEN n htte r eti h il in field the in left are they that and oa omnte aecontributed have communities local h auaino h fteseeds, the of the of maturation the nfruaigaseii legislation specific a formulating in lwr tm ae lc nyafter only place the takes stems of flowers harvest the law that This guarantees harvest. the dourado and capim for period procedures the management establishes that GRA ygnnhsnitens Syngonanthus S H SS) A NDIC RAFT ; S ART IS A N LPR AL CATTAIL CRAFTS

Name of the species and ecosystem: Typha domingensis; endangered wetland OD

Product location: Settlement Bagatzi, Bagaces Guanacaste, Costa Rica U C T

Global distribution: This plant is located throughout North America in swampy areas. In S some regions, including Costa Rica, it is an introduced, invasive species. Handicrafts made from cattails, include Production description: Created by a group of inventive women, this product is made books, gift boxes, from cattails to contribute to the restoration of an endangered wetland in Palo Verde National Park in Costa Rica. The national park is comprised of seasonal wetlands, gift bags, canvas, mangroves, freshwater, brackish lagoons, and tropical dry forest. The mosaic of habitats notebooks, folders, makes it home to the largest concentration of waterfowl, waders, and migratory and native and other office Costa Rican birds in Central America. Palo Verde is registered as a site of international supplies. importance for water-bird conservation. Due to ecological deterioration, the area was listed at risk in 1993 by the Montreux Record. One threat to its ecological integrity is the large- scale invasion of cattails, which decrease the overall biological diversity of wetland species. 99 By creating paper handicrafts from the cattails, the women are directly removing this invasive species and contributing to the rehabilitation of the ecosystem. As the only nationwide group working with this natural resource, Association Typha Tour had to learn how to work with cattails for handicrafts. They developed their own harvesting and production techniques. The process involves crushing and combining the cattail pulp with newsprint and other paper products for a compact, fine paper suitable for various crafts. For the women of Association Typha Tour, the cattail crafts are just as much an economic necessity as they are a conservation benefit. They live in a remote area between two protected areas, Reserva Biológica Lomas Barbudal and Palo Verde National Park, where making a living can be extremely difficult. Through Typha Tour, they are able to work from home and improve their family living conditions. Building on their success, the women have goals that include training younger women in the craft and scaling up their production. 100 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS retn,temsspa udmna oea anvltm for time Carnival at carving In role plants. fundamental Guarani and a play stones traditional masks from the made with Argentina, paints natural produced and are techniques masks The this communities Sola of Palma Argentina. replanting and of Capiazutti, the Yacuy, the encouraging masks in is species its the artwork in across interest decorative deforestation increased for An to area. due distribution regional endangered It becoming communities. indigenous other is and Guarani the within tree description: Production Salta, (Jujuy, and Chaco, northwest Estero, Formosa) del Argentinean Santiago Catamarca, the Tucuman, to forest) distribution: Global Argentina location: Product and Yungas in Argentina. systems Chaco, forest a in is present borracho, tree palo big and yuchan as known commonly ecosystem: and species of Name Y U CH A NM viaiiyi ewe 0ad8 icsa n time. one at pieces 80 and 70 between is availability A SKS h omnt rdcs2 o2 ak e ot.Teaverage The month. per masks 25 to 20 produces community The n aauyfloigteCaowr(9213)between (1932–1935) war Chaco the following Paraguay and eeet fo ietimgat rmrgoso Bolivia of regions from immigrants direct or of decedents oii n aauy h aet ufl ao ed nsugar in needs labor fulfill to came who Paraguay, and Bolivia lnain n oecp h war. the escape to and plantations h rt uz eerto.Drn hsmultiple- this During celebration. Guazu Arete the ciiisaeso.Temmeso h omnt are community the of members The slow. are activities am oa at abr,Jujuy, Barbara, Santa Sola, Palma seilybtenJn n coe,we farming when October, and June between especially a eerto,dnespromuigthe using perform dancers celebration, day on rmPr Aaoinrain (Amazonian Peru from Found ak oatotvroscharacters. various out act to masks h ak r aei h ouia Aborigen Comunidad the in made are masks The aiis akmkn rvdsadtoa income, additional provides Mask-making families. et aadi urn omnt oae in located community Guarani a Carandai, Penti h ono am oa uu,hm o72 to home Jujuy, Sola, Palma of town the h uhnte snimportant isan tree yuchan The eb insignis Ceiba , ak aefo h yuchan the from made Masks re rdtoal,temasks the Traditionally, tree. r sdt rn olife to bring to used are oetaiasadspirits. and animals forest ahms suiu and unique is mask Each a ihashtcvalue. aesthetic high has ART IS A N LPR AL

Traditionally knitted garments made from

sheep wool and natural dyes. OD U C T S

SHEEP WOOL GARMENTSWITHNATURAL DYES

Name of the species and ecosystem: Galium richardianum, G. hypocarpium for dyes; the Yungas forest

Product location: Los Toldos, Santa Victoria Oeste, Salta, Argentina 101 Production description: The Yungas forest, a mountainous rain forest that stretches from Venezuela to the northwest of Argentina, is home to significant species of Argentinean flora and fauna. The main trees are cedar, walnut, oak, lapacho, tarco, yellow, and cevil. The rain forest is part of a biosphere reserve and encompasses two national parks, El Nogalar National Reserve and Baritu National Park. Agricultural use such as raising livestock threatens the ecological integrity of this pristine area.

Los Toldos is a rural community at the north of the Yungas biosphere reserve. With the help of the Cooperative Santa Ana, a handful of women from the area use a traditional indigenous loom to create knitted garments. They make the dyes from natural sources such as the stems, leaves, and roots of native plants (Galium richardianum, G. hypocarpium). To avoid the degradation of the native plants, they reproduce the plants in a greenhouse for replanting in the natural environment. (They also use some synthetic dyes.)

They can produce 30 to 35 large and medium garments per month and a greater amount of smaller garments. Garments are made to order. 102 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS tlswl aybsdo h vial materials artisans. available individual the the and on based vary and will colors, styles is sizes, Bead to date. request placement delivery order expected from the days business 14 as to allow 10 should Customers long items. 50 to as equivalent necklaces), and may chains 25 key Customers 25 order. (e.g., combination per any US$300 order sets at in 50 sold are of necklaces and chains key The bottles. their donating by involved get In business owners and ecosystem. members immediate community the addition, in refuse to the contribute them having than glass rather of bottles recycling the promotes product this pressure), poaching protecting reducing of (by turtles aim sea primary the to addition In support and trade, conservation. a biodiversity for regional possible in it salary, trained a made receive key has become to and members product community jewelry This other exquisite and glass. fishermen unique, recycled create sculpted Turtle to Conservation from Sea Turtle how Kitts community chains St. Sea learn other the Caribbean Trainees of and Wider (www.widecast.org). of collaboration fishermen a the Network art is and to the Kitts (www.stkittsturtles.com) St. charge in in Network Training of project Monitoring Bead poaching. free Bottle egg Turtle offered Sea and is The harvesting members. production turtle bead sea glass to recycled income of source alternative rdcindescription: Production distribution: Global location: Product R ECYC L ED GLA SJEWE SS t it,EsenCaribbean Eastern Kitts, St. ot mrc,Crbenrgo,adSuhAmerica South and region, Caribbean America, North eyldgasba rdcsmd ylclfsemnpoiean provide fishermen local by made products bead glass Recycled LR Y A DKYCH KEY ND A INS F O R SE TURTL A E PR ESE R V AT ION Recycled ls bead glass necklaces n key and includes chains. jewelry ART IS A N LPR AL

TABLA CORDÓN HANDICRAFTS OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Trichocereus werdermannianus Backeberg, U C commonly known as Tabla Cordón; located in umbratica plains and hillsides at 3,000 T

to 3,500 m. S

Product location: San Miguel del Municipio de Tupiza, Sud Chichas Province, Bolivia

Global distribution: Endemic to the southern region of Bolivia

Production description: Tabla Cordón is a stately cactus used for its strong flesh to make many items, but its utilitarian nature has put it on Bolivia’s endangered species list. In just one small region (in the town of Tupiza), an estimated 5,000 Tabla Cordón cactus were felled indiscriminately. In 2006, the Environmental Association for Conservation and Sustainable Use of Cacti (ECOCACTUS) formed with the aim of promoting conservation, preservation, 103 A variety of handicrafts from and sustainable use of cacti. They hoped to reduce the furniture to decorative items irrational felling of Tabla Cordón and the cutting of young made from the cactus Tabla cacti, as well as establish management guidelines for working with Tabla Cordón. Cordón in southern Bolivia. Tabla Cordón products are Today, ECOCACTUS replants the species and leads highly sought for their rarity, a repopulation campaign in the communities. The dramatic shapes, and innovative Tabla Cordón they work with is protected and fenced off. The Tabla Cordón handicrafts provide an additional source of income design. ECOCACTUS members produce a for the communities that rely on agriculture. In times of drought, when number of handicrafts from Tabla Cordón: residents seek other means of income such as mining, cactus Lamps (shown here) in different shapes and handicrafts can provide more secure and ecologically sustainable sizes, and made with several cactus types; incoming-generating activity. figurines of several bird species in different The volume of handicrafts available varies and depends on the type. For sizes; signs of various sizes; trophies for items like picture frames and bird figurines, there are about 20 to 30 in sporting events; photo frames (shown here) stock. For furniture items, 10 items may be in stock at one time. made in small, medium, and large; decorative tables; and computer furniture. 104 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS n aual yddcrtv hed sdfrsopn n trn tm ieyarn. like items storing technique and twining shopping a for from used made thread, bag a decorative Peye, dyed and naturally items; Ugodie, and personal goods; small weighty for other used and bag game macramé carrying Utebetai, a for include: used These bag plant. mesh hieronymi rectangular Bromelia handmade rare a the from made satchels of types Three olcinptendaaial:te lne ,0 lnst ettheir meet to plants 1,500 raw planted this for changed demand they Verde, dramatically: Poza community, pattern Ayoreode property it the an collection by 2006, collect hired In would when As work). (e.g., women culture. for arose Ayoreode owner the near opportunity the the environment, or when in natural property in traditional private the not is from property, from satchels private disappeared food on species and hunting patches the for small plant in and the mostly Using livestock wild (in the in development found agricultural is territory. large-scale Ayoreode plant to the Today, Previous eco-region. Paraguay. and Bolivia soybeans), of region Chaco description: Production distribution: Global Brazil. Grosso, Mato location: and Product Argentina, northern Paraguay, Bolivia, eastern covering region lowland ecosystem: and species of Name S h ceeUaacatso.Tewmnpoueapproximately produce women month. The per bags shop. 37 with craft agreement Usaka an Ichepe under the sold are satchels Verde’s Poza Currently, and clans. unique seven symbolism the the including of culture, colors employ Ayoreode designs the of satchel characteristics The technique. from processing fiber fine a create To diminished. from has income environment their result, area a conservation As hieronymi forest activity. new B. economic a their for to zone led buffer have and actions Their plants. 1,300 of AT CHE L .hieronymi B. SM a rw,adteipc fdsriiaino h local the on desertification of impact the and grown, has .hieronymi B. A DE yraPz ed,mncplt fPió,dprmn fSnaCu,Bolivia Cruz, Santa of department Pailón, of municipality Verde, Poza Ayorea oii,Prga,Agnia n Brazil and Argentina, Paraguay, Bolivia, FR o-od iru ln,wsfudi ag ubr hogotteGa Chaco Gran the throughout numbers large in found was plant, fibrous non-woody a , OM .hieronymi B. hs rdcsaemd yAoed oe,a nieosgopfo h Gran the from group indigenous an women, Ayoreode by made are products These n20,te salse eodplanting second a established they 2008, In . RMLAHIERONYMI BROMELIA rmlahieronymi Bromelia h oe s complex a use women the , rw nteGa hc c-ein o n semiarid and hot a eco-region, Chaco Gran the in grows ; ART IS A N LPR AL

CHONTA PALMHANDICRAFTS OD U C

Name of the species and ecosystem: Astrocaryum murumuru, T

locally called chonta; Amazon rain forest ecosystem S

Product location: Community of Bella Altura, municipality of San Buenaventura, Iturralde province, department of La Paz, in the catchment area of the Madidi National Park, Bolivia Handicrafts made from Global distribution: The Amazon basin chonta palm, a palm native to the Production description: The indigenous community Amazon rain forest. of Bella Altura (from the Tacana indigenous origin) makes these handmade products. The raw material is wild-harvested from the northern Amazon. The beauty in their color and texture make them a unique, highly 105 marketable product that is keeping the Tacana culture and customs alive.

The products are sold by the Association of Artisans Tacanas Madidi. The artisans create products based on demand and specific requests. It can take from 20 to 25 days to deliver products, depending on volume and quantity.

The association has developed 38 types of products; the most prominent include trays, bowls, utensils, and masks. 106 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS A aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name h udewih 1q=4 kg). 46 by = wholesale, (1qq made hundredweight mostly and the are buyers, demand regular market of needs on the a based on Sales, based religious plan. year the management throughout for harvested is incense used The culture. Madidi Andean is in the known incense well in is and The ceremonies only Park. exists National production percent Ninety Bolivia’s Paz. La of Alto Potosi, El Cochabamba, and Cruz, as the Santa such Oruro, are markets which city expedite incense, in the sold to of marketing and Apolo collection Incense Pucasucho of Association Producers the formed community The speaks the language. practice mainly Leco still ancient some community and Pucasucho language, Quechua-Castilian the culture, Rich in consumption. household just and serves unlike peanuts, which sugarcane, life, bananas, to corn, of beans, income quality of production their generates crop enhance that and product families only community.support the the for is essential is Incense incense of plant. collection the of of The reforestation the use the rational within in and tree resulted sustainable resin has this and its Park for for seedlings National tree and plan its ramosa Area management cf. Natural Clussia sustainable Management slits the Integrated a making of Madidi by use Implementing extracted indiscriminate existence. is the recently, which its Until resin, threatened tree. tree the crystallized of the bark is the plant in the of part usable The species. description: Production distribution: Global Bolivia of Pucasucho Community m. 2,200 to location: 1,900 Product of altitude an at forest rain Amazonian Andean M A ZONI A N TR EE ihnteNtrlAe fItgae aaeeto aiiNtoa Park, National Madidi of Management Integrated of Area Natural the Within oii n Peru and Bolivia R SNINCENSE ESIN hsicnei aefo h ei fatraee mzntree Amazon threatened a of resin the from made is incense This lsi f ramosa cf. Clussia reseisi oae ntehihso sub- of heights the in located is species Tree . resin. mzna tree Amazonian aefrom made Incense ART IS A

EDUCATIONAL WOODEN TOYS N LPR AL

Product location: Butku Community, North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN), Nicaragua

Production description: The indigenous community of Buktu, in the northern municipality of OD

Puerto Cabezas on Nicaragua's Caribbean coast, was gravely affected by Hurricane Felix in U

2007, when numerous trees fell in the hardwood and pine forests. In the face of this adversity, C the community took advantage of the fallen logs and initiated a workshop to produce T educational wooden toys. The community hopes the toy production will aid in the area’s S economic development and improve the population’s perception of the importance of taking care of the forests. The initiative also aims to reforest the area and work with community members to help manage and conserve the pine forests.

Since the hurricane’s destruction, Cooperative La Esperanza, a group of indigenous women, has taken the lead in the community to develop sustainable, innovative projects to help the area to recover. So far they have demonstrated excellent project management skills and have gained the critical respect and approval of the community leaders.

Cooperative La Esperanza crafts the educational toys from pine harvested for timber. Experienced 107 carpenters, the cooperative members have improved their techniques through workshops. The cooperative is currently working to develop a marketing plan and to target potential local markets. However, progress has been hampered by lack of electricity, which makes it difficult to use electric tools, and the lack of an oven to aid in wood drying. At present, the cooperative hopes to raise funds to provide wind energy to the community and to build an improved oven with solar panels.

Wooden toys made from pine. Products include children’s study tables and carts with geometrical figures. Additional products are currently under development. 108 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS resaeacpe iha5%pyetu rn.Adson is discount A front. 100. up over payment orders All 50% for deliver. a available to months with two accepted to are up orders take a could least the and process at to of require 10 month 400 to complexity above 7 the Orders in product. on processed depending be can days, 10 units between Orders 400 month. sheets and a 7,000 paper A4 and size month, of x every 70 paper of cm sheets 43 6,500 of produces Oriente line de Sol new look. a fresh creates a for Oriente designs product de Each Sol the design. year, its and and within products, preserved shape, simple biodiversity these colors, of will natural creativity customer the the The especially appreciate world. nature, natural of Amazon’s beauty products the paper reflect recycled their Aesthetically, forest. to Amazon together the work preserve to need against the fight as and the deforestation of recognized with reminder work a Oriente’s still is de are paper Sol the recycled Overall, food population. cultivates their a and result, maintain to protects as a plants company As use The gardens. no important. own paper have their economically this in that in them species used cultivate plants plant and the wild collect the Oriente from de Sol company small rdcindescription: Production distribution: Global location: Product forest rain Tropical longa Curcuma orellana Bixa hibiscus Chinese Verbena ecosystem: and species of Name R ECYC L ED (achiote) PAP sp. E ea aopoic,Ecuador province, Napo Tena, R caoinAmazon Ecuadorian WI h nieosadmsiawmno the of women mestiza and indigenous The T HN ATURAL Pteridium DYES p bae bracken) (braken sp. ihntv caoinAao lwrseis h paper The species. flower Amazon Ecuadorian native with eyldpprmd ihntrlde n decorated and dyes natural with made paper Recycled nieln fpout.Te also They products. of line entire aecso-ree products. custom-ordered make aetn’ a,te aean make they Day, Valentine’s ln pce.Sld Oriente de Sol species. plant aeil oefo vr50 over from come materials as odr,pooalbums, photo folders, bags, oeok fdfeetsizes, different of notebooks n ae nvroscolors. various in paper and setrl adaefrom handmade entirely is ys h ysadpaper and dyes The dyes. o pca cain like occasions special For hita,Hl ek or Week, Holy Christmas, eyldpprproducts: paper recycled oia ad,bxs gift boxes, cards, holiday ot,ses n natural and seeds, roots, fessvrlhandmade several offers idgaal materials biodegradable uha evs flowers, leaves, as such ART IS A N LPR AL OD U

Native to the rain forests of Central and South America, the C T

unique calabash tree, home to different species of orchids, S is highly beneficial to biodiversity. The calabash tree is also one of the more utilitarian trees in the forest. Its large, jug- shaped fruit is perfect for making bowls and other containers. Featured here is a unique water bottle.

WATER BOTTLEMADE FROM TREE GOURD 109

Name of the species and ecosystem: Crescentia cujete, locally known as mate, pilche, or the calabash tree; found in tropical forests.

Product location: Talag, Napo province, Ecuador

Global distribution: Native to Central and South America

Production description: Native to the rain forests of Central and South America, the unique calabash tree, home to different species of orchids, is highly beneficial to biodiversity. The calabash tree is also one of the more utilitarian trees in the forest. Its large, jug-shaped fruit is perfect for making bowls and other containers. Featured here is a unique water bottle.

Sinchi Pura is a Kichwa community located along the Jatunyacu River in the buffer zone of Llanganates National Park in the Amazon. This water bottle is one of the most important products in the area, because many communities in the region work with it for local and commercial uses. Products are available all year in quantities of 100 to 1,000. 110 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS l er sSiunomy lnsaentsaoa.I eea,5 o10purses 100 to 50 time. general, one In seasonal. at not available available are are are plants Purses muyu Shiguango elements. Shiguango natural designs as year, the uniquely all and Amazon, individuality reflect the to buffer in purses the Park muyu in National River Jatunyacu Llanganates the of along zone located community Kichwa a plant Pura, Sinchi many are There gardens. ( home muyu nicolaides in Shiguango as found to referred plant are species ornamental typical a as description: Production distribution: Global location: Product muyu. Shiguango called ecosystem: it’s Locally and species of Name PUR EM SE onm w) h lnsaeueu o aigjwlyadbags. and jewelry making for useful are plants The two). name to , A DE FR mzna rvne fEcuador of provinces Amazonian OM nei oEudra Amazon Ecuadorian to Endemic A hgag uui nw nteEudra Amazon Ecuadorian the in known is muyu Shiguango M A O O ZON raetlpat nEcuador. in plants ornamental endemic from made Purse eeli genus Renealmia R N eeli aurantifera Renealmia A MEN A PLA TAL hr r ayspecies. many are there ; N and T (SHI S Renealmia GUA N G OM U Y U ) ART IS

TRADITIONAL KICHUA WOODEN HANDICRAFTS A N LPR AL Name of the species and ecosystem: Alnus acuminate (alder) and Buddleja incana (quijuar); Andean forest ecosystem

Product location: Oyacachi community, Chaco city, Napo province, Ecuador OD

Global distribution: Buddleja incana is found in western South America, including U C

Bolivia, Colombia, and Ecuador. Alnus acuminate is found throughout Central and T

South America. S

Production description: These handicrafts are made from the tree trunks and dead wood of the alder and quijuar trees and painted with vibrant colors, bringing the pieces to life. The art of wood carving is a community affair; the youth and handicapped persons are two focus groups for the woodworking apprenticeship. The Oyachachi community has lived in what is today the Cayambe Coca Ecological Reserve (RECAY) for over 500 years. Their work maintains a tradition of woodworking that reflects their cultural cosmology and the biological richness of their territory. The entire production chain is sustainable, from the collection of the wood to the training of new artists. The environment and community cohesion are top priorities.

The Oyacachi community has 63,000 hectares of territory, 111 20,000 hectares of which are paramo, a neotropical ecosystem located between the upper forest line (about 3,800 m altitude) and the permanent snow line (about 5,000 m). The remaining 43,000 hectares lie at the forest level and make up the RECAY area. The territory is home to the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), an endemic species and symbol of the community, and more than 100 endemic plant species, 106 mammal species, over 400 birds, 70 reptiles, and 116 amphibians.

The Oyacachi Craftsmen Association was Original handcrafted constituted by an agreement of the ministry of bowls, sculptures, foreign affairs in 2005. The goal of the organization masks, and kitchen is to create wooden handicrafts and enhance the utensils inspired by social and economic development of the community. The organization has 53 members. The bowls and nature and the indigenous kitchen supplies are available year round; the sculptures and culture of Kichua. masks are available upon request by email. For more information, go to www.oyacachi.org.ec. 112 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS N aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name eiet omte rtcsteajcn oet si sthe The is textiles. it as various forest, adjacent into the knitted protects sheep’s Committee color then Residents to make used and to are forest wool dyes rain The the dyes. leaves, from natural branches, bushes and uses way ferns, natural,” own long a the its Mapu: towards has “Lafken slogan, which and brand Huape, of Committee description: Production km. sq. Southern 245,000 the covers and to Fields Maule Ice extends of that region type the forest from unique a is forest distribution: Global Chile southern location: Product forest. Olivillo Valdivian coastal forest. particularly the forest, of rain bushes temperate and ferns, branches, from made ATURALL oreo rmr aeil,adte nwweeto where know they and materials, primary of source DYED Y xrc aeil ihu aaigteecosystem. the damaging without materials extract h ifrn pce rsn ntefrs give forest the in present species different The orl o ísregion, Ríos Los Corral, FA h adva rain Valdivian The iet nitrsigvreyo y colors. dye of variety interesting an to rise B h ehiusaduiu oosare colors unique and techniques The h Residents The R elrcie ytuit.Sokis Stock tourists. by received well ICS vial hogotteyear. the throughout available gimolinae Ugni mrafut;dyes fruit); (murta resources. ihrainforest with n etlsmade textiles and aua dyes Natural ART IS A N LPR AL OD U C T S HANDICRAFTSMADE FROM PLANTFIBERS

Name of the species and ecosystem: Eryngium paniculatum (ñocha) and Greigia Handicrafts made from the fibers of sphacelata (chupón); Valdivian temperate rain forest, particularly coastal Olivillo two recently revived plant forest species, ñocha and Product location: Corral, Los Ríos region, Southern Chile chupón, in southern Global distribution: The Valdivian rain forest is a unique Chile. forest type that extends from the region of Maule to the 113 Southern Ice Fields and covers 245,000 sq. km.

Production description: There are very few craftsmen who work with ñocha and chupón. The indigenous community of Huiro, the fishermen’s union in particular, is reassessing this forgotten species and art form to make these functional handicrafts, using an ancient technique passed down through generations. Through working with the handicrafts, the Huiro fisherman’s union is now exploring the forest sector, including its sustainable management. Ñocha and chupón were previously removed by small farmers who did not understand their utility or their importance in the Valdivian forest. However, the community is now putting value back into these species. Stock is available throughout the year. 114 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS h omnt uiesLnsPorm hc a eevdfnigfrom funding received has which Program, Links site. Business Heritage Community World the The near located communities from in benefits aims living cultural project producers and The the ecological, products. economic, Ka’an consumer Sian the Kuxtal project guarantee for the to market of larger goal a further create A to reserve. these is biosphere for the models in communities business artisanal sustainable establish economically to created and was environmentally Program Links Business while Community enterprise’s products The communities. ecological local produce the within to sustainability is economic goal brand and underlying social Ka’an promoting An Sian Reserve. Kuxtal Biosphere the World Ka’an Sian of UNESCO the the of bordering site communities Heritage Mayan in handcrafted is description: Production Mexico location: Product K U X TAL SI A NK A h ntdNtosFudto UF,i oriae by coordinated is (UNF), Foundation Nations United the inK’nBopeesRsre unaaRoo, Quintana Reserve, Biosphere’s Ka’an Sian ’ A N ART h utlSa aa rn fproducts of brand Ka’an Sian Kuxtal The h ii-oit soito ylh in Uyolché association civil-society the IS A N AL olbrto ihFinso h Sian the of Friends with collaboration WOOD aa ishr Reserve. Biosphere Ka’an PR OD U C T S eer rmfrs seeds. forest from jewelry make also They wood. harvested sustainably from more and games, figurines, boxes, decorative utensils, kitchen bowls, makes Ka’an Sian Kuxtal utlSa aa brand Ka’an Sian Kuxtal eioudrthe under Mexico ishr Reserve, Biosphere fteSa Ka’an Sian the of h communities the rdcsfrom products artisanal Handcrafted ART

Clothes made from native IS Peruvian cotton. The women PERUVIANNATIVE COTTON CRAFTS WOVEN BY HAND A N

make several products from the PR AL native cotton, including Name of the species and ecosystem: Gossypium barbadense; Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion Christmas ornaments, doll key Product location: Mórrope district, Lambayeque, Peru rings, and bags. Each piece OD reflects the personal spirit of Global distribution: The Equatorial Dry Forest ecoregion covers a coastal strip of 100 to 150 k U

the women who made it wide, from the Santa Elena peninsula, the Gulf of Guayaquil, and Puna Island in Ecuador to Peru, C

covering large parts of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, and La Libertad into the western catchment T as well as influences of the Andes to the valley of Marañón between Cajamarca and Amazonas. S from the Moche culture. Production description: The artisans of Mórrope district, Peru, joined together to restore the native cotton that grew in the fields of the ancient Peruvians. The native cotton exhibits the natural color palette found in traditional Peruvian clothing, blankets, fishing nets, and accessories. The artisans of Mórrope managed to rescue this species from extinction by collecting seeds from the few plants that remained in forgotten old crop fields. Today, the artisans grow native cotton with their other crops. They use agroecological techniques, preparing manure to fertilize their plants and using traditional knowledge to control pests and diseases.

In addition to preserving agro-biodiversity, the artisans are reviving the ancient 115 weaving techniques that use a back-strap loom. Women today are using the cotton grown in their fields and teaching their daughters how to integrate both old and new weaving techniques. With the development and sale of native cotton products, the women are increasing their household income and supporting the human development of their families. The project for native cotton recovery allowed the women to learn a new way of economically providing for their families.

Thirty-five women weavers formed the Association of Artisans of Arbolsol and Huaca de Barro of the Mórrope District in 2003. Five years later, the association won the Equator Prize for Latin America in recognition of their recovery of native Peruvian cotton and the preservation of the art of back- strap loom weaving.

Mórrope is one of the towns and rural communities most representative of Moche, the pre-Incan culture. Mórrope is also one of the districts with the highest levels of poverty in the country. Families are engaged in agricultural activities (very limited by the scarcity of water) and household heads labor in fishing, agriculture, and salt extraction, while women and children often work as laborers in neighboring farms. 116 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS adrfe eddlsby dolls reed Handcrafted ru reuc nPeru. in Artejunco group ebr fteartisan the of members H aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name A wetlands NDC rdc location: Product RAFT rdcindescription: Production lbldistribution: Global nqet ahae,lttd,wtradsoil. and water latitude, area, each to unique osa elnso nenPr,dpnigo h qualities the on depending Peru, Andean or wetlands coastal h rvneo e at,Pr,uessanbemethods sustainable use Peru, Santa, Del of province the ED ohretresfo h rgl elnso northwest of wetlands fragile the from reeds harvest to ol ag nlnt rm65t nhs Artejunco’s inches. 9 to 6.5 from length in range dolls einl ainl n vnfrinmres The markets. foreign even and national, regional, rf ehiusaepse rmgnrto to generation from passed are techniques craft eeain aigtepoutapr ftelocal the of part a product the making generation, utrlidentity. cultural eu h rfigo hs euiu ol yhand by dolls beautiful these of crafting The Peru. R eiso nin nieostcnqe wherein techniques indigenous ancient on relies hs adaere ol r odi local, in sold are dolls reed handmade These E DO EED aua iesaedidadwvnwt decorative with woven and dried are fibers natural nahns(nteAcs rao Peru). of area Ancash the (in ancashinas ys evr s odryfbi n aeto lace and fabric corduroy use Weavers dyes. aldpiaia “itecutygrs)or girls”) country (“little paisanitas called iihteebatfldls hc r locally are which dolls, beautiful these finish il ai n agy Peru Tangay, and Maria Villa LL h pce fre sedmcto endemic is reed of species The S h 5 evr rmAtjno in Artejunco, from weavers 250 The cru conglomeratus Scirpus ; ART IS A

JIPIJAPA HANDICRAFT N LPR AL

Name of the species and ecosystem: Carludovica palmate; tropical rainforest

Product location: Moho River Watershed near the Rio Blanco National Park (RBNP), Belize OD

Global distribution: The Jipi Japa palm is native to tropical rainforests of Central America U C

and northern South America. T S Production description: When harvested, Jipi Japa palm fibers are naturally processed to provide raw material of two colors: beige and dark brown. The Mayan women weave and finish all products by hand using colorful cotton thread to craft beautifully finished items.

Located on the border of the Rio Blanco National Park (RBNP), the 30 members of the Rio Blanco Women’s Group work to support sustainable harvesting practices in the park. The RBNP is home to many endangered and important species, including the jaguar, ocelot margay, river otter, palm trees, and many species of orchids. Local villagers previously illegally harvested Jipi Japa palm trees from the RBNP. With the support of the UNDP/GEF SGP, community members established a two-acre Jipi Japa plot adjacent to the park to provide a source of raw material that reduces the pressure on the preserve’s resources. Establishing a permanent crop of Jipi Japa in the buffer zone of the RBNP helps to conserve biodiversity 117 in the park and combat land degradation. The rate of land degradation in the area around the RBNP is high due to slash-and-burn agriculture practiced by villagers. Further, the effects are severe due to the hilly terrain and the high levels of rainfall. Erosion and siltation contribute to deterioration of the entire Moho River Watershed. Jipi Japa handicraft consists of There are very few employment opportunities in the communities baskets, hair accessories, of Santa Cruz and Santa Elena. The villages are not connected earrings, place mats and small to the electrical grid, and the main activity is subsistence souvenir items produced farming of corn, rice, and beans. There is a limited by the Mayan and seasonal flow of tourists to RBNP, and the income the women generate from selling crafts women of the to visitors is very important for their families Rio Blanco and communities. A percentage of income Women’s goes to supporting education and health Group. activities in the villages. There is usually a surplus of Jipi Japa craft, which is difficult to sell on the local market as many other Mayan communities produce the same type of craft. The women of the Rio Blanco Women’s Group are trying to identify new market opportunities outside their communities. 118 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS riiilmtraslk lsi o these for goods. household plastic daily like replaced In has materials fibers. fiber artificial tree palm the cases, wax many giant craft with of tradition making cultural women the central The rescuing province. are the Tunas Las in of a zone located from community women by rural craft created These are species. products the the of intentional of more management a use to sustainable lead handicrafts the for fiber and species Reforestation the of construction. for for overused timber been and has fibers palm its wax giant the past, the In tocororos the for including habitat ( birds, endemic important Cuba’s an of that many and species keystone grounds a native is breeding for palm water creates wax of and giant groves the nutrients established, create needed Once that of species. where species environment grow the palm disturbed can sapping invasive in it trees be grow one, otherwise to For might ability implications. tree’s there biodiversity The several soils. has saline areas and poor in pioneer aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name ART ihnthe within description: Production distribution: Global Cuba. of area central location: Product roeu temnurus Priotelus ES A NÍ Copernicia A EY DE ,Cb’ ainlbird. national Cuba’s ), nei pce ftesbnsacloa nthe in arcillosas sabanas the of species Endemic AR eu n ly niprateooia oea a as role ecological important an plays and genus uaCnr retl Cuba Oriental, Centro Cuba EY h in a ami mn h ags sizes largest the among is palm wax giant The oencagigas Copernicia gatwxpalm) wax (giant h in a am respecies tree a palm, wax giant the nei oCuba. to endemic adcat aefrom made Handicrafts ART IS A N LPR AL OD

HAT,BASKETS, AND BROOMS MADE FROM COPERNICIA BAILEYANA U C T S Name of the species and ecosystem: Copernicia baileyana (Bailey palm)

Product location: The palm is located in the central region of Cuba. The products are made in the Zabalo and Jobabo communities.

Global distribution: Cuba Centro Oriental, Cuba

Production description: The Bailey palm is a complex ecosystem in itself. Its Hats, baskets, and fruits serve as food for birds and bats. The tree trunk is home to woodpeckers, including two endemic species, one of which is one of the most threatened species brooms made in the world, Colaptes fernandinae; they build their nests on the tree. For five from the Bailey species of birds, including the Aratinga euops (Cuban parakeet), an endemic and palm, a species 119 threatened species, the Bailey palm is the preferred perching post. endemic In the past, the giant wax palm has been overused for its fibers and timber for to Cuba. construction. Reforestation of the species and the sustainable use of the fiber for handicrafts lead to a more intentional management of the species. The rural communities of Zabalo and Jobabo, located to the south of the province Las Tunas in the Ramsar Site Humedal Delta del Cauto, make these hats, baskets, and brooms. The hats are used by Cuban farmers working in the agricultural fields and by park rangers in the Zabalo community; they are also typically worn in traditional dances. The baskets are used for transporting goods and storing food products. The brooms are a mainstay in Cuban homes and gardens for cleaning. 120 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS rmtetganut. tagua the from cltrsmade Sculptures h scaind rdcoe ona eCpt slctdi the in located is Capeti de Wounaan Productores de Asociacion conserve The palms. and tagua trees of palms forest the standing Indigenous these with natural figures. plant possible animal up to where sculpting keeping starting in now isn’t used are regeneration is nuts. communities which natural tagua fruit, since of this sources find for demand natural to out harder wiping are is They areas tropical in Deforestation raw of sources main the buttons. of making one Before for were white. material nuts and tagua hard plastic, becomes of and invention months the three harvesting for After dried Ecuador. is and nut Colombia the Panama, of forests tropical description: Production distribution: Global location: Product region eco Choco aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name TAGUA ono aeio h ak fteTiaRvri ainProvince Darién in River Tuira the of banks the on Capeti of town fPnm,na h ooba odr h ona Indians Wounaan The border. Colombian the near Panama, of fPnm r aetdatsn httk ra rd in pride great take that artisans talented are Panama of N UT cltn nmlfgrsi ait fmaterials, of variety a in figures animal sculpting SC seilytgant n reprso h ooBolo Coco the of parts tree and nuts tagua especially ULPTUR aeur,Dré rvne Panama Province, Darién Capetuira, pce abri eua h cltn oki almost is work sculpting The retusa. Dalbergia species lasdn ymn ti nipratsuc fcash of source important an is It men. by done always eeu o nieoscmuiis hysl the sell City. They Panamá in or tourists visiting communities. local to indigenous sculptures for revenue ainrgo fPnm,Clmi Ecuador. & Colombia Panama, of region Darién h au amte rw ntehumid the in grows tree palm tagua The ES htlpa Macrocarpa Phytelephas , ART IS A N LPR AL

COCO BOLOSCULPTURES OD

Name of the species and ecosystem: Dalbergia retusa; U C

Chocó eco-region T S Product location: Capetuira, Darién Province, Panama

Global distribution: Darién region of Panama; also found in Colombia.

Production description: The sculptures made from the Coco Bolo trees are outstanding examples of the fine artistry work by indigenous craftsmen. They use any part of the Coco Bolo tree (trunk, branches, roots, etc) and sculpt animals or zoomorphic figures that represent their cosmo-vision. The sculptures are made with 121 precise details that replicate animals in their natural surroundings.

The artisans are invested in using sustainably managed forest resources for their work. Currently, there is an upswing in the reforestation of native forest species. Local awareness of the beauty and unique characteristics of these species is taking a stronger hold. In terms of conservation, promoting reforestation strategies that are rooted in natural forests and native species is ideal; it recuperate forest cover in degraded lands and supports sustainable vocations.

Sculptures made from the wood of Coco Bolo trees. 122 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS akt aefrom made Baskets aua amfiber palm natural on nPanama’s in found ainrainforest. Darien eoetn tadlann ohreti nassanbemne oa onot to as so manner sustainable a in are it They harvest sustainably. palm to chunga learning the manage and to it learning now reforesting are they time, first Motifs plants. various and color earth The the from rainforest. derived Darien are Panama’s pigments in natural found using fibers baskets palm extraordinary these weave Indians description: Production Colombia. and distribution: Global Panama location: Product estandleyanum Astrocarium ecosystem: and species of Name H hnaadtgaa eorefratsnhandicrafts. artisan land for resource combating a toward as as such tagua focused products and forest is chunga non-timber with project reforestation stimulating this through of degradation component environmental vicinity. local The their in are that palms the exterminate A DOE CH NDWOVEN ota ilg ie oa nml,o geometric or animals, local life, village portray hnaplsfrtefbrta sue owaetebses o the For baskets. the weave to used is that fiber the for palms chunga aeur,Dré Province, Darién Capetuira, atrsue nbd anigadttoigcrmne.The ceremonies. tattooing and painting body in used patterns akt evdb h ona oe r euiu o their for beautiful are women Wounaan the by weaved baskets U sarsl,pol uttae ate notefrs ofind to forest the into farther travel must people result, a As ainrgo fPanama of region Darién N oofldsgsadcreativity. and designs colorful h le oto ftete scvrdwt hr spines. sharp with covered is tree the of portion older The GA hc eco-region Chocó ; onetpr ftepl on ttevr o ftetree. the of top very the at found palm the of part youngest h ona n Embera and Wounaan The hsi nipratsuc ficm o oe nthese in women for income of source important an is This hpigdw h hnapl rei re ogtthe get to order in tree palm chunga the down chopping omnte.I ep hmt eyo themselves on rely to them helps It communities. fussanbehretn ehiusta involves that techniques harvesting unsustainable of B iacal ahrta nyo hi ubns h cash The husbands. their on only than rather financially hnafbr r crersuc.Teei history a is There resource. scarce a are fibers Chunga eeu sotnmr ieyivse ywmnfor women by invested wisely more often is revenue aiynessc smdcn,sho tnis etc. utensils, school medicine, as such needs family A SKE T S ART IS A N LPR AL OD U C T

INTERCULTURAL EDUCATIONAL TOYS S

Product location: Vista Alegre, Darien Province, Panama

Production description: The toys are made from local natural resources such as wood, fibers, natural dyes and paints from the forest. These toys reflect the customs and community life of indigenous people of Darién, which can be seen in toys like the doll houses. These toys are culturally important and are beautiful in their fine craftsmanship—making them potentially viable in markets outside the Darien region. The artisans are now 123 taking steps to assure the supply of raw materials from the forest surroundings remain plentiful with a sustainable management plan that includes planting and reforesting degraded areas with the same resources they extract for toy making.

Naturally made toys that are in the tradition of the indigenous people of the Darien province in Panama. 124 ARTISANAL PRODUCTS evn ehiusadntv otni aa Darien, Paya, Panama. in cotton native and techniques Indian weaving Kuna with made hammock cotton Traditional h ie rpigsse nldspat o domestic for need the The reduces plants guandu. attacks, pest and reduce includes otoe helps system cassava, poly-cropping plantains, system as crops. such cropping of consumption survival mixed and resilience better The generating in of for systems cropping art cotton elders mixed with the using includes generations with project younger The technique. teach working this to and utensils By hammocks the the reproduced they anymore. weave have because them they lost communities, being planting surrounding are brown the not and to gray are close that of some tones very cotton, have of Panama varieties even native carried of of is use Mountains The work border. Tacarcuna Colombian Their cotton the weaving cotton. in of of out varieties knowledge native Kuna with traditional hammocks the of recovery description: Production location: Product TRA DI T ION ruslk h uapeople. for Kuna expressions the like cultural groups indigenous the piracy prevent of to law Panamanian (MICI), a the is Commerce which and Industry with of the Ministry at Rights making Property Indigenous Collective the hammock registered Leaders’ traditional Indians Kuna The buy. would to they have that inputs otherwise external on money spending for AL CO aa ainPoic,Panama Province, Darien Paya, TT NK ON hspouti otiuigt the to contributing is product This U N A INDI A NH A MMOCKS 125 In the early 1900’s, inhabitants from the Afro-descendant Golden Grass Handicrafts community of Mumbuca in the Jalapão region of Brazil (Tocantins state) learned to produce handicrafts from flower stalks of golden grass (Syngonanthus nitens, Improving the quality of life Eriocaulaceae family) and silks of buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa, Arecaceae family). These inhabitants learned in the Brazilian Cerrado this ancient technique from the Xerente indigenous people who traveled through the region. For decades, golden grass handicrafts were made for household uses through conservation and informal trading. In the mid-1990s, the Jalapão region became known as an adventure tourism destination. As a result, the golden grass handicrafts became known outside the region for the first time.

Today, golden grass handicrafts are sold in almost all Brazilian state capitals and exported to many countries in Europe, North America, and Asia.

With the increased popularity of golden grass handicrafts, the Mumbuca community became concerned about its 126 future sustainability. In addition to the increasing demand for the raw materials, there were also a number of new artisans entering the market, increasing competition. Mumbuca community stakeholders contacted the Brazilian Institute for Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) to help them with research and to develop a sustainability plan for golden grass.

An excellent partnership developed between the local communities of Jalapão and the NGO PEQUI (Cerrado Research and Conservation), IBAMA, Tocantins State Environment Institute (Naturatins), and other collaborators in 2002–2003. Through the partnership, scientific articles, the Manual of Good Practices for Golden Grass and Buriti Management, and a catalog featuring the handicrafts developed. In addition, formal discussions ensued in the region to spread the scientific results and to educate new artisans about good management practices. Overall, the efforts resulted in an increased awareness about the sustainable harvest of golden grass and buriti palm. Taking the research and education further, Naturatins worked with Golden grass handicrafts are the main source of income for the the legislature to regulate the harvest. The resulting regulation majority of women in the Jalapão communities. To maintain the states that only harvesters from local associations can harvest sustainability of their activity, most harvesters and artisans from the golden grass. The law indicates a specific harvesting period and region have adopted good management practices and have harvesting practices, such as leaving flowers in the field for the organized into associations to enhance their selling capacity. germination of seeds and reproduction of the species. In an effort to promote the local handicraft tradition and protect local The harvest, if collected respecting the harvesting period, will livelihoods, the regulation also declares it unlawful to commercialize continue to help the local Jalapão communities improve their the raw materials outside the region. livelihoods and conserve the Brazilian Cerrado, the most biodiverse savanna in the world.

127

HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS 130 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS Me aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name C qimn n tnadzdlbln ome hs aktn goals. and marketing these meet for marketing to investment to labeling capital like standardized require and would in They equipment but market. to service, success capacity bus their public improve relative the through locally achieved distributing have ASIREA producers flavorings. natural and claw, butter, cat’s sugar, from made are candies of The packets six. in comes candy claw cat’s The access. market producers their individual increase of to claw cat’s the local sell foster collectively and they Specifically, activity. biodiversity economic to regional helping the is ASIREA protect organization the like the claw, products cat’s with producing area working the local By of and richness life. natural the employment of biodiversity, quality find their in improve to rich struggles is population area the main While notable a is Rica birds. In migratory Costa here. for of live route coastline also species) Atlantic (405 the fifty- birds addition, and Rica’s Costa mammals, of of percent species one Lepidoptera 91 of approximately percent species), forty-eight in Forty-six here; species) (261 found (167 be biodiversity. reptiles can and Rica Rica’s amphibians Costa of are species Costa coast all of Atlantic for percent the important on areas extremely conservation extensive These Area. Conservation areas Tortuguero areas, protected the conservation and within several Park for National Tortuguero zone the buffer including a as act that systems description: Production Venezuela) and Panama, Ecuador, Colombia, (Peru, distribution: Global location: Product guianensis dicina AT SC 'S rpclri forest rain tropical ; LA l WC P l an A ió,CsaRica Costa Limón, NDY rgntsfo h mznri forest rain Amazon the from Originates ts a’ lwi rw nagroforestry in grown is Claw Cat’s nai tomentosa Uncaria or Uncaria aei airt osm hntebte herb. bitter the than consume to to herb easier the it of make out candy sweet a makes product h rwho acrcls hsCsaRican Costa This cells. cancer of growth the iess n osrnte muiyadinhibit and immunity strengthen to and diseases, les n eeeaieadinfectious and degenerative and ulcers, huai iess eprtr problems, respiratory diseases, rheumatic ogue nSuhAeiafravariety a for America South in used long ra uos on ancue by caused pain joint tumors, treat fmdcnlproe,icuigto including purposes, medicinal of a' lwi pn herb spiny a is Claw Cat's HE

Medicinal Plants ALT

PARTNERSOF NATURE MEDICINAL PLANTS H A DBD C BODY ND Name of the species and ecosystem: Juanilama: (Verbenaceae family) Lippia alba Romero: (Lamiaceae family) Rosmarinus officinalis Mint: (Lamiaceae) Mentha piperita Salvia: (Lamiaceae) Salvia spp. Tuna: Opuntia ficus Chamomile: Matricaria chamomilla L., Matricaria recutita L., and Matricaria chamomilla L.

Rosemary: Rosmarinus officinalis AR

Product location: Limón, Costa Rica E PR Global distribution: Tropical Systems OD

Production description: Cultivating medicinal plants in small gardens makes sense in this Medicinal plants grown sustainably U conservation area, which is well protected for its water resource (it receives over 4,000 mm and organically in the buffer zone C of rainfall each year) and biodiversity. Unlike with wild harvesting the medicinal plants, growing T them in small plots reduces pressure on the local forest resources. of the Pococí Aquifer, the S second largest aquifer Sold under the Members of Nature brand, the medicinals are grown by 12 in Costa Rica. people in the ASOVIDA group as a source of income and way to preserve 131 traditional forest knowledge. The products, handmade from recipes handed down from grandfathers and grandmothers, are processed with sustainable techniques such as using solar dryers. At present, ASOVIDA manufactures 26 products, including insect repellent, aloe gel, skin creams, and shampoos. The most commonly used medicinal plants in the manufacture of the products are chamomile, sage, virgin aloe, cactus, and rosemary. The producer organization are in the in the process of applying for intellectual property protection for their brand and innovations.

The value of using medicinal plants rather than synthetic compounds is that active components in the plants act directly on the human body. The great advantage of the “active principles” in natural medicine is that the active chemical compounds are not isolated but have a physiological balance that is more easily assimilated in the body.

The sale of these medicinal plant products is benefiting the community at large, providing employment in this remote area in both producing the raw materials and in processing the plants. In addition, kiosks have been set up to sell the products throughout the community. 132

ieto n otisbnfca antioxidants. beneficial contains and aids digestion tea Yacon infusion. yacon from made Tea HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS Me dicina l P l an ts e ee,wt ae otiuinbten60ad10 mprya nla rsandy or loam in year per mm above 1000 m and 2,500 650 and between soils. 1,000 contribution loam between water are with development level, for sea conditions best The Argentina. distribution: Global Humahuaca de Quebrada and Jujuy in Yungas location: Product Humahuaca de Quebrada of south the ecosystem: to hillsides and species of Name Y nuin h e oe n1 as h vrg nulvlm s10kg. 100 is volume annual average The bags. the g of 10 production the in for comes September tea and The January infusion. between available are leaves tea Yacon A CON T E A IN FU hrils acn,Agnia rniinzn ewe ev elas de Selva between zone transition Argentina; Barcena, Chorrillos, giutr n asn livestock. raising and agriculture SION ne onan nClmi,Eudr eu oii,and Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, Colombia, in Mountains Andes naiat,ms fwo r ml amr devoted farmers small are whom of most inhabitants, rdcindescription: Production hrils acn.Corlo,Breahsaot150 about has Barcena Chorrillos, Barcena. Chorrillos, eesi egt ao sa dbero ihlong rich root edible an is yacon height, in meters n20,i opsdo 4salycnfresfrom farmers yacon small 14 of composed is 2008, in utvtdi retn o t we lvrand flavor sweet its for Argentina in cultivated one n20 n aeofca hog ea status legal through official made and 2005 in founded oprtv gioaPra e armnoLtda., Patrimonio del Portal Agricola Cooperativa viaiiytruhu h itrmnh a a (as months winter the throughout availability mlatu sonchifolius Smallanthus trdvgtbe.Ycntai aeete from either made is tea Yacon vegetable). stored amn techniques. farming re evs(afatapo fycnlae)or leaves) yacon of teaspoon a (half leaves dried ere rmtann okhp n ancient and workshops training from learned auatrn n giutrlpractices agricultural and manufacturing rmaycnifso oetapo e cup). per teaspoon (one infusion yacon a from armnoLd. hc mly good employs which Ltda., Patrimonio h rdc eei aefo ao infusion yacon from made is here product The yteCoeaiaArcl otldel Portal Agricola Cooperativa the by nAda rpta ece two reaches that crop Andean An nenvlesadwet and valleys Andean ; HE

Medicinal Plants ALT

ESSENCE OFTHE AROMATIC JAMAICAPEPPER PLANT H A DBD C BODY ND Name of the species and ecosystem: Pimenta dioica, Jamaica pepper plant, also known as allspice; forest ecosystem

Product location: Siuna, North Atlantic Autonomous Region, Nicaragua

Production description: The COOPESIUNA cooperative engages in the sustainable

collection and cultivation of native and traditional plants of the region. The collection of AR Jamaica pepper plant, cinnamon, and other native plants in the region encourages the management of the forest by the local E

community. Siuna is located in the North Atlantic Autonomous PR Region of Nicaragua, in the buffer zone of the biosphere reserve Bosawas. Approximately 15% of the territory belongs OD to the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve, one of the last remnants U

of tropical rain forest in Central America, considered “the heart C

of the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor.” T S The municipality of Siuna is listed as an area of extreme poverty. Its population subsists mainly on agriculture, and poaching is common in the biosphere reserve as a result 133 of scarce incomes. The COOPESIUNA cooperative has about 105 members who work mainly in agroforestry. The cooperative is trying to foster new sustainable agricultural practices through the production of aromatic plants, community management, training, and biodiversity monitoring, and via the sharing of traditional knowledge and experience. The community’s production of oils and essences encourages sustainable management of the The Jamaica pepper is a native plant forest while simultaneously increasing local incomes. species whose flavor and aroma are At the present, COOPESIUNA has planted more than similar to that of the culin clove. 40,000 pepper plants, 150 lemongrass seedlings, and Natural oils and extracts are collected 2,000 cinnamon plants in its nurseries, and is in the process of improving its infrastructure and capacity. The product can from the fruit and flower of the plant be sold on the local and national market. through natural processes and are used in perfumes and candles. 134 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS Me aeadfeetrltosi ewe uasadnature. to and possible humans is between it relationship that different belief a and of have commitment organization a local with a women is and ECODIC men Sisters ago. Maryknoll years the 20 by over founded is Congregation was others that many ECODIC people. to of local available objective by it the ailments making of and variety knowledge a plants to this for Rescuing various useful known be contain to techniques Darien known are oldest of that forests the tropical of The one humankind. is properties medicinal description: Production location: Product Cymbopogon arvense Equisetum ecosystem: and species of Name MEDICIN dicina LT AL l Lmngaso irad Limon) de Hierba or grass (Lemon P INC l an Hrealo oad Caballo) de Cola or (Horsetail L at e ain Panamá Darién, Fe, Santa TUR ts ES rigpat o osrigits conserving for plants Drying aein officinalis Valeriana imnsi h iny.Heb eLmni eyhlflfor contractions. helpful muscle very spasmodic is soothes Limon and de digestion Hierba combat kidneys. and the clean in helps ailments caballo de the Cola calms and system. relaxant nervous muscle a It’s headaches. insomnia migraine relieve and helps Valeriana Panama. the of in region plants Darien grown organically from made tinctures Medicinal HE

BathandHair Products ALT H A DBD C BODY ND Body lotion made from gueroba, PACARI GUEROBA BODY LOTION a palm found in the endangered ecosystem the Cerrado biome in Name of the species and ecosystem: Gueroba, Syagrus oleracea; Brazil. The oil extracted from the native to the Cerrado biome palm’s nut is high quality and

used as the main ingredient in Product location: Goiás state, Brazil AR the body lotion for a particularly

Global distribution: Found in the Cerrado grasslands in the states of E moisturizing lotion.

São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, PR and Bahia, and the Federal District. OD Production description: Generating income from this common Cerrado palm demonstrates the value of the natural ecosystem while U preventing deforestation. C T S The Pacari Cerrado Medicinal Plants Network (Rede Pacari) makes the gueroba lotion. This mostly women’s network (90% of the membership is 135 women), formed by 80 community groups in Minas Gerais, Goiás, Tocantins, and Maranhão states, was founded in 1999 (becoming an official organization in 2005) to value and make use of the traditional medicinal knowledge held by the women and Cerrado communities. All groups that are part of the Pacari network produce and collect therapeutic plants, prepare the medicine, and take care of the health of the community. Some of them attend to more than a thousand people a month.

The gueroba body lotion is a fairly new endeavor for the Pacari network. The first production occurred in 2008, using raw materials collected in 2007, from which 3,250 kg of the fruit generated 104 L of oil that was transformed into four hundred 200 mL bottles of lotion. For the next shipment, the group is planning to increase the productivity by 500%, engaging more than 100 people in collecting and breaking the fruit and processing the oil. 136 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS B a t rdc eas tsnnoi n biodegradable. and cleaning nontoxic ideal it’s an because is product soap Macaúba endangered Brazil. the in from ecosystem palm Cerrado a macaúba, the from made Soap hand H i Pr air o duc ts riae ri am.Atrsfeigalc fwtri oto h 7RahoRiver SOS Riachão the by 47 creating the association, resources of an most water into organized in of community water the of use streams, lack tributary a improper suffering After the farms. fruit by irrigated caused problems environmental description: Production Cerrado the in especially Paraguay, and Biome. Bolivia, Argentina, to Mexico from tropics, distribution: Global Brazil state, Gerais Minas valley. location: Riachão Product at particularly Cerrado, Gerais Minas ecosystem: in and abundant species of Name M icã oeet n aae obnfrhrirgto rjcs oerecently, More projects. irrigation further ban to managed and movement, Riachão rdciiy n19,teCmuiainAscaino ml ua Producers Rural Small of Association Communitarian the 1995, In productivity. eosrtn htevrnetlseadhpi en o economic for means a is stewardship environmental that demonstrating A ept h niomna hlegs rdcslk aab opare soap macaúba like products challenges, environmental the Despite utial admanagement. land sustainable rbesi h aly enn hr ssilpet fgon ocvrfor cover to ground of plenty still is there meaning valley, the in problems uaytspattoscue te eiu oiladenvironmental and social serious other caused plantations eucalyptus C A ÚB A SO AP icã alyi iaeaadMne lrsmunicipalities, Claros Montes and Mirabela in Valley Riachão hsseisi ral itiue nalteAmerican the all in distributed broadly is species This icã alyi h tt fMnsGri a serious had Gerais Minas of state the in Valley Riachão fteRahoVle a omdt rn olight to bring to formed was Valley Riachão the of hmo,adcrws soap. wash car and shampoo, oiiesltosta ol nt h eeomn of development the unite could that solutions positive h upadtese,a ela eegn,hi oil, hair detergent, as well as seed, the and pulp the aab op h omnt lopoue i from oil produces also community the soap, macaúba rdcieatvte ihboiest conservation biodiversity with activities productive stenme fclaoaosicess nadto to addition In increases. collaborators of number the as n h rtcino ae eore.Pouto has Production resources. water of protection the and e eraehretd hsfgr nrae vr year every increases figure This harvested. are year per enhg o icã aly ihtespoto 218 of support the With Valley. Riachão for huge been aiisfo 0cmuiis 500klso macaúba of kilos 25,000 communities, 40 from families aab palm, Macaúba cooi aculeata Acrocomia ,is HE

BathandHair Products ALT

PARTNERSOF NATURESHAMPOO H A DBD C BODY ND Name of the species and ecosystem: Juanilama: (Verbenaceae family) Lippia alba Romero: (Lamiaceae family) Rosmarinus officinalis Mint: (Lamiaceae) Mentha piperita Salvia: (Lamiaceae) Salvia spp. Tuna: Opuntia ficus Chamomile: Matricaria chamomilla L., Matricaria recutita L., and Matricaria chamomilla L.

Rosemary: Rosmarinus officinalis AR

Product location: Limón, Costa Rica E PR Global distribution: Tropical systems OD Production description: Cultivating medicinal plants in small gardens makes sense in this conservation area, which is well protected for its water resource (it receives over U 4,000 mm of rainfall each year) and biodiversity. Unlike with C T

wild harvesting the medicinal plants, growing them in small S plots reduces pressure on the local forest resources. Natural shampoo infused with botanicals grown sustainably and Sold under the Members of Nature brand, the medicinals are 137 grown by 12 people in the ASOVIDA group as a source organically in the buffer zone of the of income and way to preserve traditional forest Pococí Aquifer, the second knowledge. The products, handmade from recipes largest aquifer in Costa Rica. handed down from grandfathers and grandmothers, are processed with sustainable techniques such as using solar dryers. The current shampoos available are papaya, pineapple lemon sage, virgin, cactus and aloe, and rosemary and cypress.The contents are 75% natural and biodegradable, as certified by the University of Costa Rica.

The sale of these shampoos is benefiting the community at large, providing employment in this remote area in both producing the raw materials and in processing the products. In addition, kiosks have been set up to sell the products throughout the community. 138 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS B a t aeo pce n ecosystem: and species of Name J oppouto,te urnl akbscigeinsfrsa production suppliers. soap and for financing sufficient ingredients of profitable basic absence for an lack and oil of social currently because enough for produces they year community production, per the oil soap While jatropha in of ton purposes. produced one research about is from produces community ranges soap The pH neutral The its charge. and 7. standard, to of national 6.9 community NC83 free for the produced with is distributed are accordance quantities an and soap Small as plantation. consumption the rather The to but value profit residents. added for 82 not produced of a with soap total families, 19 of any consists community, which Oro El abate the in this shortages helps from obtained plant soap The wildlife. of shortage soils, and by degraded affected deforestation, seriously areas in developed jatropha first were The semiarid plantations extensive. in is distribution areas its Cuba, in and naturally grows plant ecosystems. restore The to semiarid world and and to biodiversity the desertification drought throughout combat used like is predation, stressors environmental province. Guantánamo description: of area Production at semiarid developed the were in plantations Macambo, first and the Oro Cuba, El in naturally grows jatropha While distribution: Global Cuba location: Product hand ATR O P H A H SO i Pr air AP eirdeoytmi unaaopoic,easternmost province, Guantanamo in ecosystem Semiarid hspatmyb on ntoia ra falcontinents. all of areas tropical in found be may plant This o arpa pce nw o t blt oresist to ability its for known species a Jatropha, duc arpacurcas Jatropha ts .( L. Euphorbiaceae family) eirdGatnm province. Guantánamo the semiarid in plantation a in grown plant drought-resistant hardy, a plant, jatropha the from made Soap HE

BathandHair Products ALT

ALOE VERA SHAMPOO H A DBD C BODY ND Name of the species and ecosystem: Aloe vera barbadensis Miller; tropical and subtropical regions and desert and semidesert regions

Product location: Limon Pampa, Oropeza province, Chuquisaca department, Bolivia

Global distribution: Native to the Mediterranean region, particularly AR North Africa and the Upper Nile; introduced in America, where it is

cultivated extensively in the Caribbean basin. Currently, aloe vera is E

cultivated in other countries on a smaller scale, including Spain, Colombia, PR Mexico, Argentina, Venezuela, Cuba, Chile, and Peru. OD Production description: In addition to the health benefits, the aloe Organic aloe vera shampoo produced on the banks vera shampoo provides an alternative agricultural activity for the Limon U

of the Rio Chico River in Bolivia. Aloe vera is a C Papa community, which grows more than 60,000 aloe vera plants medicinal plant with several beneficial uses. As a T through the natural propagation of “suckers.” The agricultural effort is S part of a restoration project, as many other crop species can no shampoo, the aloe vera restores nutrients to hair longer grow in the area due to pests, drought, and restrictive and protects the scalp from fungal disease. irrigation practices. Limon Papa’s success in integrating a new Continuous use of the shampoo can help 139 crop into the environment that pays off economically and adapts well to the environment is generating additional aloe vera projects prevent hair loss through cell regeneration in the municipalities of the Chuquisaca department. on the scalp. The shampoo consists of the following components: The Agricultural Producers Association of Limon Pampa (APALIPA) is the legal entity through which the aloe vera • Vitamins: beta-carotene, B1 (thiamine), B2 producers grow and equitably market their products under the (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine), B12 brand NATURALOE. Compared to before they grew aloe vera, APALIPA members are receiving a more sustainable income from (cyanocobalamin), C (ascorbic acid), and E their production. This is due in large part to having a crop to grow (tocopherol) during the six months when irrigation is not allowed, as the aloe vera plant thrives in the dry period. • Minerals: calcium, phosphorus, potassium, iron, sodium, magnesium, manganese, APALIPA produces 1,000 bottles (500 cc) of aloe vera shampoo copper, chromium, and zinc per month for the Sucre municipal market. Shampoo production is ongoing, as the aloe plants are available year round. • Fatty acids: in particular, caprylic acid, used to treat fungal infections APALIPA has a small processing plant equipped with the infrastructure for higher production that could make them competitive in the domestic market. The current production is done manually and produces 200 bottles per day. 140 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS B a t rdc location: Product O ihapplto fmr hn8,0 inhabitants. 80,000 than of more northwest area, of the population extreme of a municipality with largest the the is in Viejo El Viejo, Nicaragua. the El in of locally distributed municipality la currently is de with and Desarrollo (LIDER) association Región al in Integrados made honey. Luchadores tasty is Fundación and shampoo rich honey 50 produces Organic about trees, fruit and of trees, varieties rubber mahogany, guayacanes, cedar, quebracho, pines, luxuriant including and vegetation, climate tropical natural the its with at UNAN- reserve, biology Nicaragua The León. of of faculty University Autonomous the National by conducted studies according an honey, to considered of production is the Volcano for location Cosigüina excellent the of region The to the reduce fires. committed to forest of and incidence are activity economic foster who to sound hopes ecologically project This beekeepers environment. local the permanent protecting a establishing of by local of environment the group help extraction natural to the illicit aims protect project by The community season. a caused dry fires, are the forest during which honey recurrent of by protected threatened percentage the also in high is poaching region of The rates agricultural area. sustainable soil high regarding to low knowledge of contribute by and lack techniques a conditions families and and rural region soil low-income the resources for in poor alternatives economic natural to of lack lead area’s A productivity. environmental that the and practices by of both agriculture economic threatened is exploitation the biodiversity region’s uncontrolled both The area. the alleviate of vulnerability help to designed description: Production and Ocean. Fonseca Pacific of the Gulf by Volcano the northwest Cosigüina by the as northeast on known the area on protected bordered Reserve, a Natural in located is project The hand RGA I OE SH HONEY NIC H i Pr air ooi aaea lVeo hnnea Nicaragua. Chinandega, Viejo, El Bananera, Colonia A o M hssapoi rdc faproject a of product a is shampoo This duc P OO ts properties. bleaching slight hair has and of hydrating shine its and the to body enhances due a also hair as Honey and used properties. skin been dry long for has remedy the and in of qualities number a harvested cosmetic has Honey honey Cosigüina. of from area protected made shampoo A HE

BathandHair Products ALT

IKIAM ALMAAMAZÓNICAPERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS H A DBD C BODY ND Name of the species and ecosystem: Citrus limon (lemon), Cymbopogon citrates (lemon grass), Oenocarpus bataua (ungurahua palm), Citrus maxima (pomelo), Citrus Personal care products made with the natural resources of the nobilis (orange); Zingiber officinale (ginger), Curicuma Amazon and cultivated plants. Ikiam Alma Amazónica longa (turmeric), and Ocotea quixos (American cinnamon); products include lemon liquid soap from two types of lemon, all grown in tropical ecosystems (though not in origin) lemon beebrush multivitamin body cream, citrus body splash, AR Product location: Macas, Morona Santiago province, lemon massage oil, and lemon grass insect repellent. The

Ecuador fragrant lemon trees grow vigorously in the Amazonian plain. E PR Global distribution: Citrus limon (lemon), originally from In the two liquid soaps offered by Chankuap, the essential oils Asia, is found all around the world today. Cymbopogon extracted from the leaves of the citrus lemon tree and the OD citrates (lemon grass), originally from Asia, is found all around the world today. Oenocarpus bataua (ungurahua lemon beebrush tree restore skin tone and create a fresh U C palm) is found in the Amazon rain forest. Citrus maxima feeling that restores harmony, balance, and comfort to the T

(pomelo), originally from Southeast Asia, is now found all body. The liquid soaps come in bottles of 300 ml and 500 ml. S over the world. Citrus nobilis (orange), originally from China, is now found all over the world. Zingiber officinale In the body splash, the lemon essential oil is stimulating (ginger), originally from Asia, is grown in warm climates and carries complex fragrances of citrus and honey. Used 141 around the world. Curicuma longa (turmeric) is generously, the body splash can connect you originally from tropical South Asia. Ocotea quixos (American cinnamon), native to Ecuador, with your spirit, mind and body. is in the same family as common cinnamon, The lemon beebrush multivitamin body which is originally from Sri Lanka. cream is a hydrating emollient containing Production description: Chankuap, a vitamins B complex and E. Acting as an nongovernmental organization, developed antioxidant, the body cream also carries the Ikiam Alma Amazónica line of personal care products. At the heart of the products regenerative properties that can is the integration of a traditional knowledge counteract the aging process. of plants with a modern investigation into how to create useful products. Indigenous The 100% natural massage oil is made communities (from areas in southern from the essential oils of orange and of Ecuador such as Shuar, Achuar, Colono, ungurahua, a native palm in the Amazon Morona, and Santiago) are involved in that produces a rich vegetable oil. collecting and cultivating the raw materials. The product line recovers the well-being of Last, the lemon grass insect repellent the body and cares for the welfare of the Amazon rain forest. makes use of the natural properties of lemon grass as a defense against Ikiam Alma Amazónica products are insects. The nontoxic repellent refreshes available all year. and softens the skin. 142 HEALTH AND BODY CARE PRODUCTS B a t hand nteYctn Mexico. Yucatan, the in women by and produced products, soaps therapy bee including other products, honey Organic H i Pr air o duc ts eiia op.Teewmnaefl ebr fthe of members full are women These soaps. honey-based and medicinal honey including products, apitherapy, therapy, creating bee women or 13 has currently Tajonal de Flor environment. organic surrounding the the as both well as benefiting the project supports beekeeping beehives, cover the flora of the productivity Maintaining to livelihood women. sustainable local the is a for of providing project deforestation while agroforestry the areas surrounding to this contributing of factors decrease goal honey organic The to production. conventional from de transitioning Flor is cooperative Tajonal women’s the region, the of environment description: Production location: Product O RGA I HONEY NIC raiainwt paigadvtn ihs Flor rights. voting and speaking with organization eTjnlhsarayrcie udn from funding received already has Tajonal de h ntdNtosFudto UF to (UNF) Foundation Nations United the mrv hi nrsrcueadprovide and infrastructure their improve diinltann o h rjc.The project. the for training additional eieCril uro uaa,Mexico Yucatan, Puerto, Carrillo Felipe rdcsaesl ne h utlSian Kuxtal the under sold are products aa rn,aln fproducts of line a brand, Ka’an uprigssanbelivelihoods sustainable supporting inBopeeReserve. Biosphere Sian PR n h osraino h Kuxtal the of conservation the and OD na fott rtc h natural the protect to effort an In U C T S HE

BathandHair Products ALT H A DBD C BODY ND

Natural soaps made with AR

therapeutic plants. The E

ingredients used include: PR Lemon, which is an anti- OD bacterial and refreshes and restores skins natural U C

beauty; Aloe vera for restoring T moisture and softness to the S skin; and Neem to act as a natural insect repellent 143 and an antiseptic.

HERBAL SOAPS

Name of the species and ecosystem: Citrus limón (Lemon), Aloe Vera, Azadirachta indica (Neem)

Product location: Tropical Forests of Darién, Panamá.

Production description: Natural soaps made with therapeutic plants. The ingredients used include: Lemon, which is an antibacterial and refreshes and restores skins natural beauty; Aloe vera for restoring moisture and softness to the skin; and Neem to act as a natural insect repellent and an antiseptic. CONTACT INFORMATION

Argentina Bolivia Dominican Republic Mr. Hugo Iza Mr. Rubén Salas Mr. Alberto Sanchez [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 54 381 430 9034 591 2 262 4404 809 682 2305

Bahamas Chile Ecuador Mr. Deon Steward Ms. Alejandra Alarcón Ms. Ana Maria Varea [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 54 381 430 9034 56 2 654 1014/15 593 2 2460 330/2460 332

Barbados Costa Rica El Salvador 144 Mr. Giles Romulus Mr. Eduardo Mata Mr. Juan René Guzmán Arbaiza [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 246 467 6011/2 506 2296 1544 503 2209 3538

Belize Cuba Guatemala Mr. Philip Balderamos Mr. Fabio Fajardo Mr. Alejandro Santos [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 501 822 2462 537 204 1512 Ext. 2137/2138 502 7765 2068

Brazil Dominica Haiti Mr. Donald Sawyer Ms. Kimisha Thomas Mr. Ronel Ceran [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 55 61 3327 8085 767 440 4345 509 3401 3898 Honduras Paraguay Venezuela Mr. Hugo Galeano Mr. Osca Ferreiro Mr. Ricardo Petit [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 504 220 1100 507 302 4748 58 212 208 4444

Mexico Peru Mr. Raul Murguia Ms. Emilia Bustamante [email protected] [email protected] 52 999 920 2897 51 1 215 6994

Mr. Julio Moure Cortes, Suriname [email protected] Ms. Peggy Chan Jon Chu 145 52 983 834 0763 [email protected] 597 420 030/421 417 Nicaragua Ms. Lilliam Jarquin Chavarria Trinidad & Tobago [email protected] Ms. Anna Cadiz 505 266 1701 Ext. 219 [email protected] 868 623 7056 Ext. 252 Panama Mr. Jose Manuel Perez Uruguay [email protected] Ms. Sandra Bazzani 507 302 4748 [email protected] 59 82 902 2362 Ext. 111 PHOTO CREDITS

Argentina products, Maitén Reinoso, 2009 Barbados product, St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, 2009 Belize products, Gonzalo Bell, 2009 Bolivia products, Mr. Sergio Pando Solares, 2009 Brazil products, Luiz Trazzi, 2009 Chile products, Edmundo Cofré G., 2009 Costa Rica products, Mauricio Ramírez, 2009 Cuba products, Pablo Massip, 2009 Dominican Republic product, Ecuador products, Roberto Espinosa, 2009 El Salvador products, SGP El Salvador, 2009 Guatemala products, SGP Guatemala, 2009 Honduras products, SGP Honduras, 2009 Jamaica products, Gonzalo Bell, 2009 Mexico products, Humberto Bahena, ECOSUR, 2009 Nicaragua products, Margarita I. Montealegre, 2009 Panama products, Gonzalo Bell, 2009; Hammock photos, Kuna Indian Community of Paya, Darien Province, Panama, 2010 Peru products, Daniel Giannoni, 2009 Trinidad and Tobago product, Natalie Wei, 2009

Pg. 2, SGP Ecuador, 2009 Pg. 5, Isabel Figueiredo, 2009 Pg. 8, Humberto Bahena, ECOSUR, 2009 Pg. 11, Michel Pimpert, 2009 Pg. 13, Daniel Giannoni, 2009 Pg. 43, Humberto Bahena, ECOSUR, 2009 Copyright © 2010 Pg. 69, SGP Ecuador, 2009 by the United Nations Development Programme Pg. 70, Julio Moure, 2009 Bureau for Development Policy (BDP) Pg. 71, Humberto Bahena, ECOSUR, 2009 304 East 45th street, New York, New York, 10017, USA Pg. 73, Humberto Bahena, ECOSUR, 2009 Pg. 85, C-CONDEM Ecuador, 2009 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any Pgs. 86-87, St. Kitts Sea Turtle Monitoring Network, 2009 form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, Pg. 89, Mauricio Ramírez, 2009 recording or otherwise, without prior permission of UNDP/BDP. Pgs. 94-95, La Esperanza Cooperative, 2009 Pg. 97, Pg. 112, Alfredo Carrasco Valdivieso – SAMIRI / PROGEA, 2009 The analysis and recommendations in this Publication do not Pg. 109, Pg. 141, Bolsa Amazonia Ecuador, 2009 necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations Development Pg. 125, SGP Ecuador, 2009 Programme (UNDP). The publication is the product of Pgs. 126-127, Isabel Schmidt, 2009 collaborative effort led by the UNDP, and involving a number of Pg. 129, SGP Ecuador, 2009 United Nations entities and other partners. ABOUT GEF SMALL GRANTS PROGRAMME

Funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF) as a corporate programme, the GEF Small Grants Programme (SGP) is implemented by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) on behalf of the GEF, and is executed by the United Nations Office for Project Services (UNOPS). Launched in 1992, the SGP supports activities of non-governmental and community-based organizations in developing countries towards biodiversity conservation, climate change, protection of international waters, reduction of the impact of persistent organic pollutants and prevention of land degradation, while generating sustainable livelihoods.

SGP is operational in 122 countries and provides funding up to $50,000 per project for community actions. To date, SGP has channeled more than $300 million to communities through more than 12,000 projects around the world, which have resulted in direct global environmental benefits and also influenced the formulation of national and local policies on sustainable environmental and development management.

304 East 45th Street FF-956 New York, NY 10017 Phone: +1 212 906 6028 Fax: +1 212 906 6568 Email: [email protected] Website: www.sgp.undp.org