Earthquake BEFORE AFTER
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The Mw 6.3 Christchurch, New Zealand Earthquake of 22 February 2011
THE MW 6.3 CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE OF 22 FEBRUARY 2011 A FIELD REPORT BY EEFIT THE CHRISTCHURCH, NEW ZEALAND EARTHQUAKE OF 22 FEBRUARY 2011 A FIELD REPORT BY EEFIT Sean Wilkinson Matthew Free Damian Grant David Boon Sarah Paganoni Anna Mason Elizabeth Williams Stuart Fraser Jenny Haskell Earthquake Field Investigation Team Institution of Structural Engineers 47 - 58 Bastwick Street London EC1V 3PS Tel 0207235 4535 Fax 0207235 4294 Email: [email protected] June 2011 The Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake of 22 February 2011 1 CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 3 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. REGIONAL TECTONIC AND GEOLOGICAL SETTING 6 3. SEISMOLOGICAL ASPECTS 12 4. NEW ZEALAND BUILDING STOCK AND DESIGN PRACTICE 25 5. PERFORMANCE OF BUILDINGS 32 6. PERFORMANCE OF LIFELINES 53 7. GEOTECHNICAL ASPECTS 62 8. DISASTER MANAGEMENT 96 9. ECONOMIC LOSSES AND INSURANCE 108 10. CONCLUSIONS 110 11. REFERENCES 112 APPENDIX A: DETAILED RESIDENTIAL DAMAGE SURVEY 117 The Mw 6.2 Christchurch Earthquake of 22 February 2011 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors would like to express their thanks to the many individuals and organisations that have assisted with the EEFIT mission to Christchurch and in the preparation of this report. We thank Arup for enabling Matthew Free to attend this mission and the British Geological Survey for allowing David Boon to attend. We would also like to thank the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council for providing funding for Sean Wilkinson, Damian Grant, Elizabeth Paganoni and Sarah Paganoni to join the team. Their continued support in enabling UK academics to witness the aftermath of earthquakes and the effects on structures and the communities they serve is gratefully acknowledged. -
Regulations and Consents Committee 18 June 2015
REGULATION AND CONSENTS COMMITTEE AGENDA THURSDAY, 18 JUNE 2015 AT 9AM IN COMMITTEE ROOM 1, CIVIC OFFICES, 53 HEREFORD STREET Committee: Councillor David East (Chair) Councillors Tim Scandrett (Deputy Chair), Ali Jones, Glenn Livingstone and Paul Lonsdale Principal Advisor Committee Adviser Peter Sparrow Barbara Strang Telephone: 941-8462 Telephone: 941-5216 INDEX ITEM DESCRIPTION PAGE NO. NO. PART C 1. APOLOGIES 1 PART B 2. DECLARATION OF INTEREST 1 PART B 3. DEPUTATIONS BY APPOINTMENT 1 PART B 4 BRIEFINGS 1 PART B 5. UPDATE OF THE BUILDING CONTROL AND CITY REBUILD GROUP 3 PART B 6. MONTHLY REPORT ON RESOURCE CONSENTS 11 1 REGULATION AND CONSENTS COMMITTEE 18. 6. 2015 1. APOLOGIES 2. DECLARATION OF INTEREST Members are reminded of the need to be vigilant to stand aside from decision making when a conflict arises between their role as a member and any private or other external interest they might have. 3. DEPUTATIONS BY APPOINTMENT 4. BRIEFINGS 4.1 Councillor Tim Scandrett will provide the Committee with a verbal update from the Mayoral Quality Regulation and Review Taskforce 4.2 Unit Manager from the Building Control and City Rebuild Group will brief the Committee on the Continuous Improvement Programme. 2 3 REGULATION AND CONSENTS COMMITTEE 18 .6. 2015 5. UPDATE OF THE BUILDING CONTROL AND CITY REBUILD GROUP Contact Contact Details Executive Leadership Team Building Control and City Y Peter Sparrow: 5018 Member responsible: Rebuild Director Officer responsible: Residential Consent Unit Y Mark Urlich 8106 Manager Author: Residential Consent Unit Y Mark Urlich 8106 Manager 1. PURPOSE OF REPORT 1.1 The purpose of this report is to provide the Regulation and Consents Committee with the May 2015 update of the Building Control and City Rebuild Group. -
Unsettling Recovery: Natural Disaster Response and the Politics of Contemporary Settler Colonialism
UNSETTLING RECOVERY: NATURAL DISASTER RESPONSE AND THE POLITICS OF CONTEMPORARY SETTLER COLONIALISM A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY STEVEN ANDREW KENSINGER IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DR. DAVID LIPSET, ADVISER JULY 2019 Steven Andrew Kensinger, 2019 © Acknowledgements The fieldwork on which this dissertation is based was funded by a Doctoral Dissertation Fieldwork Grant No. 8955 awarded by the Wenner-Gren Foundation for Anthropological Research. I also want to thank Dr. Robert Berdahl and the Berdahl family for endowing the Daphne Berdahl Memorial Fellowship which provided funds for two preliminary fieldtrips to New Zealand in preparation for the longer fieldwork period. I also received funding while in the field from the University of Minnesota Graduate School through a Thesis Research Travel Grant. I want to thank my advisor, Dr. David Lipset, and the members of my dissertation committee, Dr. Hoon Song, Dr. David Valentine, and Dr. Margaret Werry for their help and guidance in preparing the dissertation. In the Department of Anthropology at the University of Minnesota, Dr. William Beeman, Dr. Karen Ho, and Dr. Karen-Sue Taussig offered personal and professional support. I am grateful to Dr. Kieran McNulty for offering me a much-needed funding opportunity in the final stages of dissertation writing. A special thanks to my colleagues Dr. Meryl Puetz-Lauer and Dr. Timothy Gitzen for their support and encouragement. Dr. Carol Lauer graciously offered to read and comment on several of the chapters. My fellow graduate students and writing-accountability partners Dr. -
Backwash Sediment Record of the 2009 South
Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami Brieuc Riou, Eric Chaumillon, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Luc Schneider, John-Patrick Walsh, Atun Zawadzki, Daniela Fierro To cite this version: Brieuc Riou, Eric Chaumillon, Catherine Chagué, Pierre Sabatier, Jean-Luc Schneider, et al.. Back- wash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacific Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami. Scientific Reports, Nature Publishing Group, 2020, 10, pp.4149. 10.1038/s41598-020-60746-4. hal- 02544141 HAL Id: hal-02544141 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02544141 Submitted on 12 Mar 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NoDerivatives| 4.0 International License www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Backwash sediment record of the 2009 South Pacifc Tsunami and 1960 Great Chilean Earthquake Tsunami Brieuc Riou1,2*, Eric Chaumillon1, Catherine Chagué3, Pierre Sabatier4, Jean-Luc Schneider2, John-Patrick Walsh5, Atun Zawadzki6 & Daniela Fierro6 Following recent tsunamis, most studies have focused on the onshore deposits, while the ofshore backwash deposits, crucial for a better understanding of the hydrodynamic processes during such events and ofering an opportunity for sedimentary archives of past tsunamis, have mostly been omitted. -
Pacific Study (Focusing on Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu
1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 Hazard exposure 1.1. Pacific island countries (PICs) are vulnerable to a broad range of natural disasters stemming from hydro-meteorological (such as cyclones, droughts, landslide and floods) and geo-physical hazards (volcanic eruptions, earthquakes and tsunamis). In any given year, it is likely that Fiji, Tonga and Vanuatu are either hit by, or recovering from, a major natural disaster. 1.2. The impact of natural disasters is estimated by the Pacific Catastrophe Risk Assessment and Financing Initiative as equivalent to an annualized loss of 6.6% of GDP in Vanuatu, and 4.3% in Tonga. For Fiji, the average asset losses due to tropical cyclones and floods are estimated at more than 5%. 1.3. In 2014, Tropical Cyclone (TC) Ian caused damage equivalent to 11% to Tonga's GDP. It was followed in 2018 by damage close to 38% of GDP from TC Gita. In 2015, category five TC Pam displaced 25% of Vanuatu's population and provoked damage estimated at 64% of GDP. In Fiji, Tropical Cyclone Winston affected 62% of the population and wrought damage amounting to 31% of GDP, only some three and a half years after the passage of Tropical Cyclone Evan. 1.4. Vanuatu and Tonga rank number one and two in global indices of natural disaster risk. Seismic hazard is an ever-present danger for both, together with secondary risks arising from tsunamis and landslides. Some 240 earthquakes, ranging in magnitude between 3.3 and 7.1 on the Richter Scale, struck Vanuatu and its surrounding region in the first ten months of 2018. -
Our Freshwater
State of the Environment report 2012 | Our freshwater Surface water quality OUR Northland has an extensive network of rivers flowing and muddy because the land is FRESHWATER and streams. None of them are considered dominated by deeply weathered geology and major on a national scale as Northland's fine clay soils. narrow land mass means most rivers are relatively short with small catchments. Most of Northland also has a large number of small, the major rivers flow into harbours, rather than shallow lakes and associated wetlands. Most discharging directly to the open coast which of these have been formed between stabilised means contaminants tend to take longer to sand dunes on the west coast. These dune disperse from these sheltered environments. lakes are grouped on the Aupōuri, Karikari and Poutō peninsulas. Most are between five and The Northern Wairoa River is Northland's 35 hectares in area and are generally less than largest river, draining a catchment area of 15 metres deep. However, Lake Taharoa of the 3650 square kilometres, or 29 percent of Kai Iwi group near Dargaville is one of the Northland's land area. largest and deepest dune lakes in New Zealand. It covers an area of 237ha and is 37m Flows in rivers vary considerably with rainfall deep. There are also a few volcanic and man- and high intensity storms causing flash floods, made lakes. Northland’s largest lake is Lake while prolonged dry spells lead to very low Ōmāpere, which is 1160ha in area and located flows in many smaller catchments. Northland’s to the north of Kaikohe. -
Title Layout
Disaster Risk Assessment and Recovery Utilizing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in the Pacific Islands. The World Bank UAV4Resilience Project - Update Malcolm Archbold Consultant, World Bank 27 November 2019 Pacific Islands GIS & RS Conference 2019 Introduction Pacific Island nations are some of the most vulnerable to natural disasters • Cyclone Waka – 2001 – Tonga • Cyclone Heta – 2003 – Tonga, Niue, American Samoa • Cyclone Lin – 2008 – Fiji • Cyclone Wilma – 2010 – Solomon Islands, Tonga • Cyclone Ian – 2013 – Fiji, Tonga • Cyclone Pam – 2014 – Vanuatu • Cyclone Winston – 2016 – Fiji • Cyclone Gita – 2018 - Tonga Cyclone Ian, Vanuatu, Jan 2014 The World Bank UAV4Resilence Project • Assess the utility of UAVs in Disaster Management for the SW Pacific • Identify the potential cost-benefits of UAVs for disaster assessment • Develop Standard Operating Procedures for in country operations UAV4Resilence Project UAV Challenge Project – October 2017 Cyclone Gita – Feb 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga Cyclone Gita – 2018 – Tonga OpenAerialMap.org UAV Training and Capacity Building • Commence in May 2019 • Objectives: • Assist in procurement, training and capacity building • Involve Govt Disaster Management organisations and associated Govt Depts/Ministries • Facilitate cooperation and communication between Govt Depts and local Civil Aviation and Air Traffic Control authorities. DroneFlyer Course (2 days) Day 1 Day 2 • Civil Aviation PRAS/drone rules • Review of Day 1 • Airspace • Semi -
Current Direction for Improving Structural Engineering and Resiliency in New Zealand
CURRENT DIRECTION FOR IMPROVING STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING AND RESILIENCY IN NEW ZEALAND Mike Stannard Chief Engineer Ministry of Business Innovation & Employment, New Zealand Abstract The 2010 to 2011 Canterbury Earthquake sequence has been the most destructive earthquake New Zealand has experienced in recent times. Rebuild costs are estimated at $40 billion or 20% of New Zealand’s GDP, 185 people died, and much of the Christchurch Central Business District, New Zealand’s second largest city, needs to be rebuilt. Approximately 170,000 houses have needed to be repaired or rebuilt and some eight thousand properties have been red zoned. It has been one of the most complex insurance events world-wide. While the social and economic consequences have been very significant and sometimes tragic, it has presented a real opportunity to learn from the event and better understand building and land performance during earthquake shaking. Generally modern buildings performed well from a life-safety perspective with New Zealand having been a leader in capacity design principles. However, plastic hinging, uncertainty about the residual capacity of buildings and poor ground performance have led to high demolition numbers. The New Zealand Government initiated a Canterbury Earthquakes Royal Commission of Inquiry after the February 2011 damaging event. Their final report presented 189 recommendations, providing an important direction towards improving structural engineering and resiliency. Changes are being made to structural design standards where under-performance has been observed. Earthquake-prone building legislation has been changed, requiring retrofitting or removal of the most vulnerable buildings throughout New Zealand. Reviews of the Building Code requirements are also underway which may test the societal appetite for changes to code settings. -
The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation
THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation 1 The Pacific Experience in Developing Policy and Legislation on Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation THE PACIFIC EXPERIENCE IN DEVELOPING POLICY AND LEGISLATION ON DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION Contents Glossary iv Chapter 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Scope of the study and acknowledgements 1 1.2 Background 1 1.3 Findings of the institutional and policy analysis on DRR and CCA in the Pacific 3 Chapter 2. Joint National Action Plans on Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change (JNAPs) – Regional Perspective 4 2.1 Background of the JNAPs 4 2.2 Intent to develop the JNAPs 5 2.3 Process to develop the JNAPs 6 2.4 Implementation of the JNAPs 7 Chapter 3. Country Studies – Tonga 10 3.1 Introduction 10 3.2 Joint National Action Plan on Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management 2010-2015 10 3.3 Emergency Management Act (2007) 16 Chapter 4. Country Studies – Cook Islands 19 4.1. Introduction 19 4.2 Te Kaveinga Nui – National Sustainable Development Plan 2011-2015 19 4.3 Disaster Risk Management Act (2007) 23 Chapter 5. Country Studies – Solomon Islands 26 5.1 Introduction 26 5.2 Joint framework for resilient development 26 5.3 Process towards the joint framework for resilient development 27 Chapter 6. Conclusions 29 References 32 Annex 1: Interviewees 34 Annex 2: Interview -
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO Diploma Thesis
MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský MASARYK UNIVERSITY BRNO FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis Diploma thesis Brno 2018 Supervisor: Author: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Declaration I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. I agree with the placing of this thesis in the library of the Faculty of Education at the Masaryk University and with the access for academic purposes. Brno, 30th March 2018 …………………………………………. Bc. Lukáš Opavský Acknowledgements I would like to thank my supervisor, doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. for his kind help and constant guidance throughout my work. Bc. Lukáš Opavský OPAVSKÝ, Lukáš. Presentation Sentences in Wikipedia: FSP Analysis; Diploma Thesis. Brno: Masaryk University, Faculty of Education, English Language and Literature Department, 2018. XX p. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Martin Adam, Ph.D. Annotation The purpose of this thesis is an analysis of a corpus comprising of opening sentences of articles collected from the online encyclopaedia Wikipedia. Four different quality categories from Wikipedia were chosen, from the total amount of eight, to ensure gathering of a representative sample, for each category there are fifty sentences, the total amount of the sentences altogether is, therefore, two hundred. The sentences will be analysed according to the Firabsian theory of functional sentence perspective in order to discriminate differences both between the quality categories and also within the categories. -
PHT Meeting Booklet
7th Pacific Humanitarian Team Regional Meeting 28-30 October 2014 Holiday Inn Suva, Fiji Contact UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) Regional Office for the Pacific Level 5, Kadavu House Victoria Parade, Suva, Fiji Email: [email protected] or [email protected] Phone: (679) 331 6760 Table of Contents Acronyms ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Agenda at a glance .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Tuesday 28 October 2014............................................................................................................................................................. 5 Wednesday 29 October 2014 ....................................................................................................................................................... 6 Thursday 30 October 2014 ........................................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 About the Pacific Humanitarian Team Regional Meeting............................................................................................................. -
NERMN Beach Profile Monitoring 2011
NERMN beach profi le monitoring 2011 Prepared by Shane Iremonger, Environmental Scientist Bay of Plenty Regional Council Environmental Publication 2011/14 5 Quay Street P O Box 364 Whakatane NEW ZEALAND ISSN: 1175 9372 (Print) ISSN: 1179 9471 (Online) Working with our communities for a better environment E mahi ngatahi e pai ake ai te taiao NERMN beach profile monitoring 2011 Publication and Number 2011/14 ISSN: 1175 9372 (Print) 1179 9471 (Online) 11 March 2011 Bay of Plenty Regional Council 5 Quay Street PO Box 364 Whakatane 3158 NEW ZEALAND Prepared by Shane Iremonger, Environmental Scientist Cover Photo: Annabel Beattie undertaking a beach profile using the Emery Pole method, 2010. Acknowledgements The assistance of Annabel Beattie in the compilation of the beach profile data sets is acknowledged, as is the efforts of the whole Environmental Data Services team, in the collection of the beach profile data. The 2011 field photography undertaken by Lauren Schick and Tim Senior is greatly appreciated. The cartography expertise of Trig Yates and the document specialist skills of Rachael Musgrave, in the creation of this document have also been invaluable. Environmental Publication 2011/14 – NERMN beach profile monitoring 2011 i Executive summary This is the third report detailing the results of the coastal monitoring network initiated by Bay of Plenty Regional Council in 1990 as part of its Natural Environment Regional Monitoring Network (NERMN) programme. A total of 53 sites are profiled on an annual basis within the current coastal monitoring programme. Some selected sites are monitored quarterly; others are monitored as necessary, i.e.