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A History of the Diocese of Easton How the First Parishes, Geography and Urbanization Shaped the Diocese

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A History of the Diocese of Easton How the First Parishes, Geography and Urbanization Shaped the Diocese . A History of the Diocese of Easton How the First Parishes, Geography and Urbanization Shaped the Diocese David N. Michaud Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Divinity The General Theological Seminary New York April 16, 2007 © David Michaud 2007 Abstract This Thesis examines the origins of the Diocese of Easton, a diocese in the Episcopal Church. The Diocese of Easton is located in Eastern Maryland, encompassing the Maryland counties east of the Chesapeake Bay in a region known as the Eastern Shore of Maryland. The Diocese of Easton was born as a result of a division of the Diocese of Maryland in 1868. The history of the Episcopal Church and its antecedent in colonial times, the Church of England, however, reaches back as far as 1631 on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. This Thesis encompasses the history of the church on the Eastern Shore from colonial times, through the establishment of the Diocese of Maryland after American Independence, and the division of the Diocese and the building of the Diocese of Easton to the year 1931, by which time its major institutions had been established. This Thesis argues that three main factors are responsible for the character of the Diocese of Easton today: the way the original parishes were established, geography, and urbanization. Each one of these factors is discussed at the time in which they came to have the greatest influence in the development of the Diocese: the origin of the first parishes in the colonial period, geography in the post revolutionary period until the division of the Diocese, and urbanization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as the Diocese of Easton sought to establish itself. By understanding the role these factors played in the origins of the Diocese of Easton, the reader is better able to see how the Diocese developed as it did. The Thesis concludes with some observations as to the challenges the Diocese faces in the early 21st Century, based on how it developed as a Diocese. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................................... 5 II. THE COLONIAL AND EARLY INDEPENDENCE PERIOD: 1631-1783 ..................................................... 7 THE CHURCH BEFORE ESTABLISHMENT: 1631-1692 .......................................................................... 7 THE ESTABLISHED CHURCH IN COLONIAL MARYLAND: 1692-1776 ............................................ 10 SOME OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE COLONIAL CHURCH .............................................................. 16 THE CHURCH IN THE STATE OF MARYLAND .................................................................................... 18 III. SEPARATING FROM THE DIOCESE OF MARYLAND: 1783-1868 ....................................................... 21 A BISHOP AND A RECTOR ...................................................................................................................... 25 THE CAMBRIDGE CONVENTION AND THE EASTERN SHORE MEMORIALISTS ......................... 27 THE CONVENTION OF 1858 ..................................................................................................................... 32 THE CONVENTION OF 1859 ..................................................................................................................... 35 EASTERN SHORE MEMORIAL, RECONSIDERED ................................................................................ 36 THE CONVENTION OF 1867 ..................................................................................................................... 37 IV. ORGANIZING THE NEW DIOCESE: 1868-1885 .......................................................................................... 40 THE MISSIONARY APPROACH ............................................................................................................... 43 BLACKS IN THE DIOCESE OF EASTON ................................................................................................. 45 HOME FOR FRIENDLESS CHILDREN ..................................................................................................... 47 ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES ...................................................................................................................... 47 ESTABLISHMENT OF THE CATHEDRAL .............................................................................................. 49 BETTER TIMES ........................................................................................................................................... 51 V. THE STRUGGLE WITH URBANIZATION: 1885-1920................................................................................ 56 FINDING A BISHOP ................................................................................................................................... 57 DEPOPULATION ........................................................................................................................................ 60 URBAN ORGANIZATIONS ....................................................................................................................... 63 WAR AND ATTRITION .............................................................................................................................. 67 VI. THE DIOCESE OF EASTON COMES INTO ITS OWN: 1920-1931 ........................................................... 72 DIOCESAN EXECUTIVE COUNCIL ......................................................................................................... 72 CATHEDRAL REFORM ............................................................................................................................. 74 CHILDREN’S HOME .................................................................................................................................. 75 WOMEN’S VOTE ........................................................................................................................................ 77 SUMMER CAMP ......................................................................................................................................... 78 MERGER ...................................................................................................................................................... 80 VII. CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................................................. 82 TABLE OF NUMBER OF COMMUNICANTS IN PARISHES IN DIOCESE .................................................. 85 BIBLIOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................................... 89 3 ALLEN, ETHAN. THE HISTORY OF MARYLAND. PHILADELPHIA: EH BUTLER & CO, 1866. .................... 89 4 I. Introduction The Diocese of Easton stands as one of the unique dioceses in the Episcopal Church today, and its history, especially how it was founded and established itself in its early years, has had a profound impact on its character and culture. I will argue that there are three main factors which together have molded the Diocese of Easton into what it is today: how the original parishes were established; geography; and urbanization. The Diocese of Easton, located in the region of Maryland known as the Eastern Shore (the land east of the Chesapeake Bay), is a study in contrasts: it is both very old and relatively new; close to many major metropolitan areas on the Eastern Seaboard yet lacking even a midsized city of its own; rich in natural resources yet lacking any centers of wealth; in the midst of a high percentage of church going population, yet its share of the churched population is very minor. In some ways it is influenced by the land, in other ways by the nature of the Episcopal Church. It has been consistent in one respect: since the Episcopal Church on the Eastern Shore was organized it has been a rural diocese. But with the recent trend in immigration to the Eastern Shore by urban commuters and retirees even that rural character is now being contrasted with the needs of the urban and suburban refugees. In this Thesis I will examine the beginnings of the Episcopal Church on the Eastern Shore before the Diocese of Easton was founded in 1868, and then examine the first 60 years of the Diocese’s separate existence, keeping in mind the influences of early establishment, geography and urbanization on its history. I hope to demonstrate to the reader that what happened in the 175 years before the founding of the diocese and the 60 years after the founding formed not only the institution of the Diocese but a culture and behavior that remains with the 5 church today. Finally, I would like to offer some reflections on the challenges the Diocese faces with the population influx onto the Eastern Shore in the first decade of the 21st Century. For this Thesis I have made extensive use of the records of the annual conventions of the Diocese of Easton and the Diocese of Maryland preserved at St. Mark’s Library in the General Theological Seminary in New York City and the Diocese of Easton Archives at the Diocese’s Bray House in Easton. In addition, I have made use of letters and original documents from the Archives of the Diocese of Maryland in Baltimore and the Archives of the Diocese of Easton. A series of essays published as part of the Tercentenary celebration of the Anglican Church in Maryland by Arthur Pierce
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