Literature Cited
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Listing Literature Cited Aguirre, L. & D. A. Johnson. 1991. Influence of Temperature and Cheatgrass Competition on Seedling Development of 2 Bunchgrasses. Journal of Range Management 44:347-354. Arft, A. 2002. Population Genetics of Five Species of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) from Western Colorado. Lakewood, Colorado: Bureau of Land Management. 6 pages. Barrett, S. C. H. & J. R. Kohn. 1991. Genetic and evolutionary consequences of small population size in plants: implications for conservation. In: Falk DA, Holsinger KE, editors. Genetics and Conservation of Rare Plants. New York: Oxford Univ. Press. p 3-30. Bartis, J. T., T. LaTourrette, L. Dixon, D. J. Peterson & G. Cecchine. 2005. Oil Shale Development in the United States. Santa Monica, California: RAND Coporation. Belnap, J. & D. A. Gillette. 1997. Disturbance of biological soil crusts: impacts on potential wind erodibility of sandy desert soils in southeastern Utah. Land Degradation and Development 8:355-362. Bhattacharya, M., R. B. Primack & J. Gerwein. 2003. Are roads and railroads barriers to bumblebee movement in a temperate suburban conservation area? Biological Conservation 109:37-45. BLM 1985 Raven Ridge amendment to the White River management framework plan. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. White River Resource Area, Colorado. BLM 1997. White River record of decision and approved resource management management plan. US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. White River Resource Area, Colorado. 236 pages. BLM. 2008a. Proposed RMP and Final EIS, Chapter 3: Affected Environment. 140 pages. BLM. 2008b. Proposed RMP and Final EIS, Chapter 4: Environmental Consequences. 628 pages. BLM. 2008c. Record of Decision and Approved Resource Management Plan. Vernal Field Office. 201 pages. BLM 2011. Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office- 2011 Rare Plant Monitoring Summary. BLM COSO Botany Team. Denver, CO. 10 pages. BLM. 2012. Proposed Land Use Plan Amendments for Allocation of Oil Shale and Tar Sands Resources on Lands Administered by the Bureau of Land Management in Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming and Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement. Washington D.C. 550 pages. BLM 2013a. Approved land use plan amendments/ record of descision (ROD) for allocation of oil shale and tar sands resources on lands administered by the Bureau of Land Management in Colorado, Utah and Wyoming and final programmatic environmental impact statement. March 2013. BLM-WO-GI-13-003-1793. 94 pages plus appendices. BLM. 2013b. Uncompahgre Field Office Oil & Gas Lease Sale February 2013. http://www.blm.gov/co/st/en/BLM_Information/nepa/ufo/august_lease_sale.html. Accessed on March 4, 2013 2013. BLM. 2013d. Shapefiles of Penstemon grahamii and Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis occurences. From BLM Vernal Field Office. BLM 2013e. Enefit American Oil Utility Corridor Project, Environmental Impact Statement Scoping Report. Vernal Field Office. 414 pages. Brooks, M. L., C. M. D'Antonio, D. M. Richardson, J. B. Grace, J. E. Keeley, J. M. DiTomaso, R. J. Hobbs, M. Pellant & D. Pyke. 2004. Effects of invasive alien plants on fire regimes. Bioscience 54:677-688. Brooks, M. L. & D. A. Pyke. 2001. Invasive Plants and Fire in the Deserts of North America. In K. E. M. Galley and T. P. Wilson, eds. Proceedings of the Invasive Species Workshop: the Role of Fire in the Control and Spread of Invasive Species. Fire Conference 2000: the First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management., 14 pages. Brooks, ML. 2003. Effects of increased soil nitrogen on the dominance of alien annual plants in the Mojave Desert. Journal of Applied Ecology 40:344-353. Brunson, J. 2012a. Penstemon grahamii Field report, 11 June 2012. Location: Seep Ridge Road at Buck Canyon. Salt Lake City, Utah. 1 page. Brunson, J. 2012b. Field Report of Wolf Den Fire. Salt Lake City, Utah: 1 page. Brunson, J. 2013. Personal communication concerning "Maps of PEGR kernel" to Tova Spector Oct 29, 2013. Cane, J. H. 2001. Habitat fragmentation and native bees: a premature verdict? Conservation Ecology 5:11. Castellano, M. J. & T. J. Valone. 2007. Livestock, soil compaction and water infiltration rate: Evaluating a potential desertification recovery mechanism. Journal of Arid Environments 71:97-108. CNHP. 2012. Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis element occurrence data. Accessed by Jessi Brunson, January 2013. CNHP. 2014. Shapefiles of Penstemon grahamii and Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis occurences. From Colorado Natural Heritage Program. Cole, K., N. Henderson & D. Shafer. 1997. Holocene vegetation and historic impacts at Capitol Reef National Park reconstructed using packrat middens. 57:315-326. Cronquist, A., A. H. Homgren, N. H. Holmgren, J. L. Reveal & P. K. Holmgren. 1984. Intermountain Flora, Vascular Plants of the Intermountain West, U.S.A., Volume Four, Subclass Asteridae (except Asteraceae). Bronx, New York: New York Botanical Garden. Cutler, M. 2011. Personal communication concerning sheep and cattle grazing differences. Communication with Jessi Brunson. March 25, 2011. D'Antonio, C. M. & P. M. Vitousek. 1992. Biological Invasions by Exotic Grasses, the Grass/Fire Cycle, and Global Change. Annual Review of Ecological Systems 23:63-87. Davies, K.W. and S.L. Sheley. 2007. A conceptual framework for preventing the spatial dispersal of invasive plants. Weed Science 55: 178-184. DiTomaso, J. M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management. Weed Science 48:255-265. Dodge, R. & W. Yates. 2008. 2008 Status Report Demographic Monitoring and Pollination Biology for Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis and Penstemon grahamii in Uintah County, Utah. Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office. 31 pages. Dodge, R. & W. Yates. 2009. 2009 Status Report Demographic Monitoring and Pollination Biology for Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis and Pentemon grahamii in Uintah County, Utah. Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office. 27 pages. Dodge, R. & W. Yates. 2010. 2010 Status Report Demographic Monitoring and Survey for Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis and Pentemon grahamii, Uintah County, Utah. Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office. 27 pages. Dodge, R. & W. Yates. 2011. 2011 Status Report Demographic Monitoring and Survey for Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis and Pentemon grahamii in Uintah County, Utah. Bureau of Land Management, Utah State Office. 42 pages. Eckert, R. E., Jr., M. K. Wood, W. H. Blackburn & F. F. Peterson. 1979. Impacts of Off-road vehicles on infiltration and sediment production of two desert soils. Journal of Range Management 32:394-397. Ellstrand, N. C. & D. R. Elam. 1993. Population genetic consequences of small population size: implications for plant conservation. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 24:217– 242. Enefit 2014. An effient, competitively priced resource-Enefit Utah. http://enefitutah.com/benefits/an-efficient-low-cost-resource/ Accessed by Tova Spector Mar. 18, 2014. England, J. L. 1982. A New Species of Penstemon (Scrophulariaceae) from the Uinta Basin of Utah and Colorado. Great Basin Naturalist 42:367-368. Evans, R. D., R. Rimer, L. Sperry & J. Belnap. 2001. Exotic plant invasion alters nitrogen dynamics in an arid grassland. Ecological Applications 11:1301-1310. Ferguson, J.H., H.W. Downs and D.L. Pfost 1999. Fugitive dust: non-point sources. MU Extension, University of Missouri-Columbia. 4 pages Fitts, R.D. and Fitts, S.G. 2008. Field survey for Penstemon grahamii (Graham’s beardtongue) Uintah County, Utah, Spring 2008. Utah Natural Heritage Program. 34 pp. Fitts, R. D. & S. Fitts. 2009. Field Survey for Penstemon grahamii (Graham's beardtongue), Uintah County, Utah, Spring 2009. Salt Lake City, Utah 84116: 37 pages. Fitts, R. D. 2010. Field survey for Penstemon grahamii (Graham’s beardtongue) Uintah County, Utah, Spring 2010. Utah Natural Heritage Program. 21 pp. Fitts, R. D. 2014. "Re: Penstemon pachyphyllus and P. fremontii" Email to Tova Spector. April 7, 2014. Franklin, M. A. 1995. Field Inventory of Penstemon scariosus var. albifluvis (R. L. England) N. Homgren, in the Book Cliffs Resources Area, Uinta Basin, Utah. 54 pages. Friggens, M. M., M. V. Warwell, J. C. Chambers & S. G. Kitchen. 2012. Modeling and Predicting Vegetation Response of Western USA Grasslands, Shrublands, and Deserts to Climate Change. In: Finch DM, editor. Climate Change in Grasslands, Shrublands, and Deserts of the Interior American West. Fort Collins, Colorado: United States Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. pp. 1-20. Given, D. R. 1994. Principles and Practice of Plant Conservation. Portland, Oregon, USA: Timber Press. Goodrich, S. & E. Neese. 1986. Uinta Basin Flora. Ogden, Utah: USDA Forest Service-- Intermountain Region. Goverde, M., K. Schweizer, B. Baur & A. Erhardt. 2002. Small-scale habitat fragmentation effects on pollinator behaviour: experimental evidence from the bumblebee Bombus veteranus on calcareous grasslands. Biological Conservation 104:293-299. Grace, J. B., M. D. Smith, S. L. Grace, S. L. Collins & T. J. Stohlgren. 2001. Interactions between fire and invasive plants in temperate grasslands of North America. In Galley KEM, Wilson TP Galley KEM, Wilson TP(s). Proceedings of the Invasive Species Workshop: the Role of Fire in the Control and Spread of Invasive Species. Fire Conference 2000: the First National Congress on Fire Ecology, Prevention, and Management., pp. 40-65 Hobbs, R. J. 1989. The Nature and Effects of Disturbance Relative to Invasions. In: Drake