In This Issue Board of Directors

New Series Volume 26 Issue 1 ISSN 0048-1742 January-March 2021

The NewsletterArch of the Ontario NotesArchaeological Society

Uncovering Ontario’s Black History, page 4 In This Issue Board of Directors...... 2 In Memoriam: Dr. Joseph David Stewart...... 15 President’s Message...... 3 Valerie Sonstenes Student Research Fund 2020...... 16 Uncovering Ontario’s Black History ...... 4 2020 OAS Symposium Award Winners...... 17 The End of the Line? Perspectives on the Geophysical . 2021 Annual Symposium of the Ontario Survey at Uncle Tom’s Cabin ...... 4 Archaeological Society...... 20 Public Archaeology at London’s African Introducing the New Editors of Arch Notes...... 21 Methodist Episcopal Church ...... 8 Ontario Archaeological Society Annual Business The Oro African Methodist Episcopal Church Meeting: November 7, 2020...... 22 Rehabilitation...... 11 Regional Chapters...... 24 Results of the Developing Professionals Survey...... 14 New Series Volume 26 Issue 1 ISSN 0048-1742 January-March 2021

The Ontario Archaeological Society Board of Directors President Director of Member Services Jim Sherratt Joshua Dent [email protected] [email protected]

President-Elect Director of Publications Jill Taylor-Hollings Kate Dougherty [email protected] [email protected]

Vice-President Director of Education Abbey Flower Kaitlyn Malleau [email protected] [email protected]

Treasurer Executive Director Vacant Chiara Williamson [email protected] [email protected]

Director of Chapter Services APPOINTMENTS Greg Braun [email protected] Editors, Ontario Archaeology Dr. Bonnie Glencross and Dr. Suzanne Director of Heritage Advocacy Needs-Howarth Jeff Seibert [email protected] [email protected] Editors, Arch Notes Director of Outreach Sarah Timmins and Katelyn Mather Craig Ramsoomair [email protected] [email protected] Editor, Website Josh Dent

Contact Information ARCH NOTES SUBMISSIONS The Ontario Archaeological Society Contributor Deadlines: February 15, May 15, August 15 and 1444 Queen St. E. Toronto, Ontario M4L1E1 November 15 (416) 406-5959 Send Articles to: [email protected] or [email protected] Arch Notes Editor, Ontario Archaeological Society 1444 Queen www.ontarioarchaeology.org St. E. Toronto, Ontario M4L1E1 The Ontario Archaeological Society gratefully acknowledges funding from the Ministry of Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture Industries through the Provincial Heritage Organization Operating Grant Program.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 2 President’s Message As we pass the one year culture should be represented. the OAS by leading the “Tra- mark of the pandemic, so much The articles in this issue of in the Trainer” project with the has changed. It has been an ex- Arch Notes also highlight the Mississaugas of the Credit First tremely difficult time for - ever positive benefits of working Nation and organizing the Trai- yone and the change has been with Descendant communities ning Workshops in northeastern difficult to navigate. But with more generally. A communi- Ontario which was funded by that change, Ontario archaeo- ty-based approach to archaeo- the Ontario Trillium Foundation. logy has never been more acces- logy with Indigenous and Des- Alicia’s contributions were sible than it is today. Members cendant communities, only not limited to the “big picture” can access the different chapter serves to improve the quality of directions of the OAS. While ma- meetings, presentations, works- the archaeology. This is an unde- king this significant contribution hops and the symposium with veloped part of the archaeologi- to moving forward the Reconci- a few clicks. Many of the pre- cal process that we can continue liation efforts of the OAS, Alicia sentations have been recorded to work towards: improvement also worked to modernize the and are available “on-demand,” and change can be expected. organization leading a project to further expanding the audience. The opportunity for virtual digitize our corporate records, With this expanded access, connections has the poten- move the physical copies to the it is more important than ever tial to help move this forward Ontario Archives and undertake to be aware of unconscious bias more quickly through dialogue. a much needed cleanup of the that may be present in the infor- There is reason for great op- office space. She spent many mation we share. During a con- timism as we move forward. hours in Toronto doing this versation with a representative With the transition in January work herself with the assistan- from an Indigenous community, to a new board, Alicia Hawkins ce of students. Thank you Alicia. they pointed out that the cul- has stepped off the board com- Arch Notes has also had a tural chronology tables found pleting her term as Past-Presi- change. We welcome new edi- in archaeological reports and dent. It is hard to quantify Alicia’s tors, Sarah Timmins and Kate- some presentations place the contribution to the OAS over lyn Mather in this edition of our date range for Indigenous Peo- her terms as President-Elect, newsletter. The Board of Direc- ples in the “Contact Period” as President and Past-President. tors wishes to extend its thanks 1535 to 1790 A.D. The commu- During those four years Alicia and appreciation to Sheryl Smith nity representative pointed out was able to spearhead nume- and Carole Stimmell who have that this is not accurate as they rous projects including the ex- been at the helm with Arch Notes are still here and that the refe- pansion of knowledge sharing for many years, keeping mem- rence point of pre and post con- with Indigenous communities bers informed about the orga- tact are arbitrary. This highlights through the annual training nization and our chapters. Both the need for archaeologists to workshops. The OAS will again have done so while volunteering continue to look at the terms be offering these training -wor on the executive of their regio- we use and engage in a dialo- kshops virtually to Indigenous nal chapters. Thank you both gue with our Indigenous part- communities in 2021. Alicia has for your dedication and service. ners on how their history and continued her contributions to Jim Sherratt

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 3 Uncovering Ontario’s Black History In 1793 Lieutenant-Governor Simcoe passed an Anti-Slavery Act, which limited slavery in Upper Canada and paved the way for the establishment of the Underground Railroad. Although Simcoe’s Act and the stories of the Underground Railroad remain ce- lebrated pieces of our province’s history, less is known about the lives of Black settlers as they established farms, businesses and communities. By the end of the 19th century, more than 40 Black settlements had been established in Upper Canada. One of the first communities was Wilberforce, founded in 1830 near Lucan, Ontario. In 1841, the Dawn Settlement was established near present-day Dresden, Ontario, which grew to include farm land, a sawmill, gristmill, brick yard, rope manufacturer and school. The community was founded by Rev. Josiah Henson, the inspiration behind Uncle’s Tom Cabin, who helped other freedom seekers establish a life in Upper Canada. Archaeology has enormous potential to help shine a light on the contributions of early Black settlers in our province. In this issue we feature several archaeological projects that were largely community-led, which sought to preserve important pieces of Black history and heritage. Sources: Ontario Heritage Trust and Canadian Encyclopedia The End of the Line? Perspectives on the Geophysical Survey at Uncle Tom’s Cabin By William (Liam) Wadsworth, surveys (ground-penetrating radar, mag- as the site of future research and a place Dena Doroszenko, Katherine Pat- netic gradiometry and resistivity) on the which we feel Canadians have the so- ton, and Carl-George (Charly) Bank largely unmarked cemetery associated cial responsibility to keep investigating. with the British American Institute. This Few places in Canada can claim to project was particularly noteworthy be- Dena be a terminus for the Underground Rai- cause many descendants, who still lived The property containing Uncle Tom’s lroad. The Dawn Settlement, a mid-19th in the area, played a role in its inception Cabin Historic Site is owned and operated century community in Ontario, was one and participated in research activities. by the Ontario Heritage Trust. The Trust is such place. Founded by escaped slaves The results of these surveys were recently Ontario’s heritage agency, mandated to or “freedom seekers,” Dawn was organi- published as a research article in Histori- conserve, interpret, and share Ontario’s zed around the British American Institute cal Archaeology (Wadsworth et al. 2020). heritage. This site is part of 200 acres of (BAI), a training academy for freedom A flashpoint year, 2020 saw the rise land purchased in 1841 to establish the seekers and their families founded by of peaceful protest across the United Dawn Settlement – a refuge for the many Rev. Josiah Henson. An escaped slave States and Canada, and archaeologists “freedom seekers” who escaped to Ca- himself, Henson’s life partially inspired have begun to participate actively in nada from the United States. The Josiah the book, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and he these conversations (see, The Society of Henson Interpretive Centre, located on was instrumental in the settlement’s Black Archaeologists). The destruction the site, houses a collection of 19th-cen- creation. Today, the site is commemo- and neglect of African American/ Black tury artifacts and rare books pertinent to rated by the Uncle Tom’s Cabin Historic Canadian cemeteries and historic sites the abolitionist era, as well as displays Site, which consists of an open-air mu- remain a significant issue in both coun- highlighting Reverend Josiah Henson’s seum with interpretive center currently tries (Jones 2021; Nelson 2018). Con- life. The Josiah Henson House is a pivo- owned by the Ontario Heritage Trust sequently, lessons learned from the BAI tal structure during the latter period of (OHT) and two cemeteries held by the cemetery project and perspectives on the his life where he lived until his death in municipality. Descendants of the Dawn historic site deserve a second look. Here, 1883. Although the cabin has been mo- settlement expressed interest in con- the research team presents their pers- ved three times, it has always remained ducting geophysical surveys on the two pectives on the project almost five years on the original Dawn Settlement lands. cemeteries to identify areas available after it was originally conceived. Given its Opened as a museum in the 1940s by lo- for modern interments. Between 2016- historical complexities, rather than being cal historian Frank Chapple, it was moved 2017, our team conducted geophysical the end of the line, we highlight Dawn to its present location in 1964 by then-cu-

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 4 area and this has been one of the bles- sings afforded to us with the site as well as determining the viability of the family cemetery for those descendants. It meant a great deal to me professionally and personally to work with them. The history of the Dawn Settlement is their heritage. What these projects also meant was that I saw opportunities for research with other institutions and have been fortunate to work with a number of people particularly Edward Eastaugh, Neal Ferris, Katherine Patton, Charly Bank and their faculties and students, particularly Liam Wadsworth (Western University/Sustainable Archaeo- logy and the University of Toronto). In addition, I am very grateful to Holly Martelle and her team at Timmins Martelle Herita- ge Consulting Inc., for their work with us in 2008 and 2016. This journey has also solidified discussions with Cassandra Mi- chaud (Montgomery Parks, Maryland) and Julia King (St. Mary’s College of Maryland) who have been working on sites that Jo- siah Henson lived on in the early part of his life. Josiah’s journey to freedom was international and even today in the 21st century, it continues through archaeology.

Liam GPR survey of the BAI cemetery in progress. Part of the central grave-stone monument can In 2016, I was an undergraduate be seen at the bottom of the picture. Liam and Katherine pictured. student at the University of Toronto and a summer employee for Dena at the Ontario rator Jack Thomson, and restored to an encountered problems in finding a possi- Heritage Trust. Prior to that summer, I had 1850 appearance in 1993-94. The Hen- ble plot. It took several excavations to find never heard of Uncle Tom’s Cabin Historic son Family Cemetery includes the Josiah a plot that did not already contain an inter- Site. I grew up in Ottawa and although my Henson memorial stone and National His- ment. Needless to say, this surprised the family had strong connections to southern toric plaque. Across the road is the burial family. I was asked if there was anything and southwestern Ontario, I was comple- ground for the British American Institute. that archaeology could provide and my tely oblivious to the region’s Black history. In 2005 after the Trust acquired the journey with the two cemeteries adjacent Sure, I was aware that Ontario was “the site from the St. Clair Parkway Commis- to the Trust’s property began. The British end” of the Underground Railroad but this sion, I conducted a short test pitting pro- American Cemetery is officially closed and was about the extent of my knowledge. I ject and determined that the land con- based on the geophysical work in 2008, did not know that this was part of a wi- taining the museum buildings had been 2011, 2016 and 2017, the Henson Family dely held ‘innocence’ myth Canadians tell used primarily for agricultural production Cemetery will eventually be closed by the themselves to exempt us from this history. and there was no archaeological concern municipality due to the large number of My first trip to the historic site was for the majority of the property at that interments that were discovered to be pre- eye-opening. While being a poignant time. The next year, the interment of a des- sent. Josiah Henson is a National Historic reminder about the struggles that free- cendent into the Henson Family Cemetery figure and has descendants living in the

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 5 dom seekers faced on the Underground duates get the opportunity to design their home, just a few hours drive away. The Railroad, it also illuminated the hardships own research project and I will forever be project promised to be a neat collabora- these families faced in Ontario prior to and grateful for the opportunity to develop tion with an archaeologist I had not pre- following the American Civil War. I was the technical and social skills needed for viously worked with, a faculty colleague shocked to learn about the widespread pre- community projects. As a U of T student, I held in high esteem, and her gifted judice and discrimination, the subsequent I learned how to conduct a geophysical undergraduate student. The project had neglect of their historic sites, and about the survey as part of an archaeology project. actually been suggested by the student hard-fought Black civil rights movement By working with community members on to us professors, usually it goes the other in Ontario during the 1950s and 60s. For this project, however, my skillset extended way around. And while archaeologists lite- me, the ‘innocence’ myth had been burst. beyond surveying to include the aware- rally uncover the past, this project opened It was this newfound understanding ness and sensitivity needed for commu- my eyes about our present. As an immi- that inspired me to seek new skills that nity engagement. Now a Ph.D. student in grant Canadian I had not been aware that could help address the local communi- the Department of Anthropology/Institute Canada was involved in slavery in its past. ty’s needs. The descendant community of Prairie and Indigenous Archaeology Though our project targets a time when had previously requested that OHT do at the University of Alberta, I incorporate slavery had ended in Canada, the site is what they could to locate graves at the the lessons and skills I learned from Un- one of the early Black settlements in Ca- two cemeteries (Eastaugh 2008, 2011), cle Tom’s Cabin on every archaeological nada by and for those who had experien- but at the time only one cemetery had project. It was these formative experienced it, and our society has yet to overcome been investigated in depth. After talking ces that I carry with me going forward. this racial injustice. By showing that gra- with my mentors at U of T and OHT, we ves are indeed present under the grass, planned my undergraduate thesis pro- Charly the past comes alive and can contribute ject around the survey of the unmarked This project has been a unique lear- to the legacy of the “freedom seekers” BAI cemetery. The surveys were success- ning experience. As a geophysicist I like to and their descendants. Hopefully, it can ful, and we uncovered the resting pla- help archaeologists because the human also teach us to grow into a better society. ces of many freedom seekers, as well past is fascinating. I have worked with as evidence of the cemetery’s neglect. archaeologists on sites at faraway places; Katherine It is a rare occurrence when undergra- the BAI was the closest to what I now call When Liam first approached me regarding the BAI project, I was excited about the chance to learn more about geophysics and an important, yet unders- tudied topic in Ontario archaeology, 19th century Black settlement and the African Diaspora. I was also, of course, extremely impressed with Liam’s initiative. Not only was he interested in undertaking inde- pendent research at the end of the second year of his undergraduate degree, he was essentially creating a collaborative research project that brought together people working in multiple disciplines and institutions to solve a problem in heritage management. When I think back on this project now, I can see that it has been instrumental in helping me to see more clearly the need for pedagogical change in the way we teach archaeology at the undergraduate level and how to move forward. 2016-2017 Team selfie outside The Henson House. From left to right, Katherine, Charly, Prior to the BAI project, I had long Dena, and Liam.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 6 been interested in the place of experien- archaeological subject and has now sti- Report on file, Ontario Heritage tial and field-based learning and had mulated interest in the subject matter for Trust, Toronto, ON. found some ways to integrate this into there are many stories still to be told and my teaching. What was missing, however, shared. Our 2016-2017 work at the British 2011 Report on the 2011 Ground were chances for students to undertake American Institute cemetery has better ce- Penetrating Radar Survey at genuine research. While students had mented history, methods, and purpose in Uncle Tom’s National Historic worked for me on aspects of my own re- such work going forward. Foregrounding Site, Dresden, ON. Report on file, search, in most cases, students provided responsibility and respect, researchers Ontario Heritage Trust, Toronto, labour and were not part of the knowle- should continue to work with modern ON. dge production process. The BAI project, communities to uncover this lesser-known however, brought Dena, Charly, Liam, and history and achieve goals of interest to Jones, A. me together as partners in the research them. As such, future research related to 2021 Stop Destroying African American process, each with something to teach the Dawn Settlement and potential ar- Cemeteries. Sapiens (February and something to learn. In other words, chaeological resources related to the Briti- 23). https://www.sapiens.org/ it shifted the power imbalance that typi- sh American Institute’s industries, school, archaeology/african-american- cally exists between teacher and student and Henson himself are planned in the cemeteries-destruction/ and that we know exists in conventional future through the University of Toronto. approaches to archaeological research Martelle, H., M. McClelland, T. Taylor, and with descendant communities. Both Cobb References J. Lorinc The Ward Uncovered: The and Croucher (2020) and Sonia Atalay 2018 Archaeology of Everyday Life (2019; see also Atalay et al. 2014) have Atalay, S. . recently written about the need to trans- 2019 Can archaeology help decolonize Coach House Books, Toronto. form archaeological practice, including the way institutions think? How Nelson, C. A. the way we teach and how knowledge community-based research is 2018 Black Cemeteries Force Us to is produced and disseminated. For me, transforming the archaeology Re-examine Our History with this project served as a perfect example training toolbox and helping to Slavery. The Walrus (June 12). of a transformed practice; its results are transform institutions. https://thewalrus.ca/black- one small piece of larger initiatives in Archaeologies 15(3): 514-535. cemeteries-force-us-to-re- southwestern Ontario that are working examine-our-history-with-slavery/ to counter the history of erasure of Black Atalay, S., L. R. Clauss, R. H. McGuire, and settlement here (Martelle et al. 2018; Or- J. R. Welch Orser, C. E. ser 2019). It also brilliantly collapsed the 2014 Transforming archaeology. In 2019 Framing Questions that Count in divide that typically exists between tea- Transforming archaeology: activist practices and prospects, African Canadian Archaeology. ching and research in the university world Canadian Journal of Archaeology edited by S. Atalay, L. R. Clauss, and shows the kind of work that can be 43(2):217-241 produced when we see our undergradua- R.H. McGuire, and J. R. Welch, te students as capable researchers. These pp.7-28. Left Coast Press, Walnut Creek, CA. Wadsworth, W. T. D., C-G Bank, K. Patton, kinds of undergraduate experiences en- and D. Doroszenko courage students to develop their own 2020 Forgotten Souls of the Dawn curiosity and pursue deeper (and hope- Cobb, H., and K. Croucher Assembling Archaeology: Settlement: A multi-component fully life-long) learning independently. 2020 Teaching, Practice, and Research. Geophysical survey of Unmarked Oxford University Press, Oxford. Graves at the British American The end of the line? Institute Cemetery. Historical The archaeology and study of commu- Archaeology Eastaugh, E. 54(3):624–646. nities, families, and individuals of African 2008 Report on the Gradiometer https://doi.org/10.1007/ descent is generally under-represented Surveys of Two Cemeteries at s41636-020-00251-7 within Ontario. The study of freed Black Uncle Tom’s Cabin National settlements in particular is an untapped Historic Site, Ontario.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 7 Public Archaeology at London’s African Methodist Episcopal Church TMHC, BME Church, City of London, Community Volunteers

By Holly Martelle at the church prior to any long-term measures be- In 2013, Aboutown Transportation ing implemented. Darryl applied for a demolition permit for three immediately got in touch buildings on Thames Street in the City with TMHC and together of London. All three buildings were lis- we consulted with the ted in the City’s 2006 Inventory of He- City of London’s Herita- ritage Resources. The building at 275 ge Planner at the time, Thames Street was of greatest concern Don Menard, and with as it was known to be London’s African Jim Sherratt then of the Methodist Episcopal Church (later the Ministry of Tourism, Cul- British Methodist Episcopal Church), the ture and Sport. At the City first Black church in the city. When the level, a demolition permit does not necessarily application came under review by Lon- Former African Methodist Episcopal/British Methodist Episcopal don’s Advisory Committee on Heritage trigger an archaeological Church Building, May 2013 assessment. Therefore, city (LACH) there was immediate opposition portion of the lot to William Hamilton, staff did not feel they had the authority or and, after much discussion, a campaign Benjamin Harris, John Osburne, Henry power to request that work be done befo- was launched to save the building. James, Henry Logan, Thomas Wingate, re building demolition. The best we could While it is not always, or often, the and George Winemiller, the Trustees for do was get the landowner’s permission case that archaeologists play active ro- a price of 22 pounds two shillings and to conduct the work and both Darryl and les in local heritage committees, in this “...in trust that they shall erect, or cause TMHC volunteered their services for a bac- instance avocational archaeologist Da- to be built there on, a house or place of kground study and property survey. The rryl Dann happened to be acting on the worship for the use of the Members of archaeological work was undertaken whi- committee and immediately identified a the African Methodist Episcopal Church”.1 le a larger public effort was underway to concern for archaeological resources on Unfortunately, archival records are scar- save the structure from the wrecking ball. the church property. It was Darryl’s initia- ce for the early decades of the City of tive that ensured archaeology was done London and hence for the early period The History of 275 of the church, so the exact date of the Thames Street building of the church has not been established. Some early illustrations of the 275 Thames area do not clearly depict the church, Street originally for- with the first good rendering being in med part of city Lot 1855 (See Whitfield’s 1855 Rendering of 26 south of Bathurst London). That drawing shows the church Street. William Clark similar to its modern configuration, as a received the patent one storey building with an end gable on September 8, roof, central chimney, two rear windows, 1847 and in October fence and garden. In 1856, the Chapel of the same year he 1 A direct transcription for the “The Indenture”, Sale of part Whitfield’s 1855 Rendering of London, Canada West Showing the and his wife Catheri- Lot 26 south Bathurst Street, Instrument #104, 4 October Chapel ne leased a 30’ X 100’ 1847. On microfilm at the Land Registry Office, London, n.p.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 8 Archaeological Investigation

In the spring of 2013, Darryl Dann, along with TMHC staff undertook a 5 m test pit survey of the former church property, as well as the adjacent residential lots slated for demolition. During that work, 535 19th and 20th century artifacts were identified in 20 positive test pits covering a 20 m (north-south) by 25 m (east-west) area to the rear of the former church and the house at 277 Thames Street. The artifacts generally post-dated the church period and Plaque that once adorned the front of the building at 275 Thames Street reflected the domestic use of the pro- on Thames Street is listed in Railton’s when the land was sold and the congre- perty after that time. Nonetheless, it City Directory as the “African Episcopal gation moved to 430 Grey Street where was thought that there could still be po- Methodist Church on Thames Street, they had built a larger, brick church, the tential to discover archaeological traces, near Horton, led by William Stewart.” Beth Emmanuel BME Church, which particularly subsurface features like pits London’s African Methodist Episcopal still stands today. The Thames Street and privies, from the AME/BME period (AME) Church was renamed the British Me- church would remain in residential use on the lot. Given this potential, further thodist Episcopal (BME) Church in 1856 until it was vacated a few years before testing of the site was recommended. upon the creation of a new church confe- the application for demolition was filed. After much public outcry about the rence and its separation from its American There are few depictions of the early planned demolition, Mayor Joe Fontana counterpart. As described in Drew Benja- church and its grounds during the period declared the property of such historical min’s 1856 narratives on the Fugitive Sla- of its use as a chapel. The earliest pho- importance that he instructed city offi- ves in Canada, it was the only Black Metho- tograph of the building found to date cials to find the money to pay to have dist church in London through the 1850s is a featured in 1926 article in the Lon- the Stage 3 archaeological testing com- and 1860s. Abolitionist and activist John don Advertiser newspaper by E. J. Carty. pleted. A series of one-metre square test Brown visited London’s “little church on Thames Street” in 1858 to recruit support for his planned raid on Harper’s Ferry, an event that would one day precipitate the American Civil War (Carty 1926 n.p.). Centred in the heart of the area by the river known as “the Hollow,” the church was a focal point for London’s early Black community. Not only did the building serve as a community support centre but it acted as a safe haven for newly arriving freedom seekers who fled the United States through a network of safe houses and meeting points known as the Underground Railroad. Becau- se of this, the chapel earned its popu- lar name “The Fugitive Slave Chapel.” This wood frame structure served London’s Black community until 1869 1926 Photograph of the Church Appearing in the London Advertiser, May 8, 1926

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 9 units was excavated in the rear yards of llen into a state of disrepair. While in 275 and 277 Thames Street. A total of the 1970s and 1980s the memory of 9,373 artifacts were collected during the the Fugitive Slave Chapel was still fresh testing, with per unit yields ranging from in the minds of Londoners, resulting in 1 to nearly 400. Architectural and food commemoration of the history of the and beverage related items represented building through the installation of a the major part of the artifact collection. London Public Library Board historical Overall, the artifacts recovered from plaque in 1986, by 2013 the Chapel testing once again largely post-dated the was largely hidden from public historical period of the operation of the chapel, ran- memory. The plaque had long disappea- ging predominantly from c. 1870-1920. red, and the building was unmarked, its Because a number of subsurface features significance only known to a relatively were identified which could not be con- small segment of the city’s population. fidently dated, full excavation of the site Through discussions with govern- was recommended. It still seemed pos- ment agencies, LACH, heritage advocates sible that there could be intact mid-19th and the Architectural Conservancy of On- century deposits present on the site in tario, a proposal was put forth to thwart off the form of features dated strictly to the the demolition by moving the structure period of the operation of the church, to a new site right beside its descendant Archaeologist Darryl Dann and City of Lon- or in the form of earlier sealed deposits church – the BME Beth Emmanuel on Grey don Heritage Planner Don Menard Screen within features that continued to accu- Street. A major fundraising effort ensued. Soil for Artifacts mulate material well into the late-19th century residential occupation period. Public Archaeology

The Fugitive Slave Chapel Preserva- The last phase of the archaeological tion Project fieldwork was undertaken as a public archaeology program, conducted on a At this point, our circumstances were volunteer basis with support from TMHC. dire. We had been given only a short It was jointly run by Darryl Dan, and period of time within which to complete John Sweeney from TMHC. Excavations Ongoing Excavations and Public Archaeology Program the archaeological assessment activities, occurred on weekends by crews of pro- under the gracious permissions given by fessional and avocational archaeologists, the landowner. However, there was no municipal and provincial staff, Indige- funding to be had to pay for the work. No- nous volunteers, members of the public, netheless, by this time there was tremen- members of the Ontario Archaeological dous public interest in the project as the Society and the Descendent congrega- proposed demolition had received consi- tion at BME Beth Emmanuel Church. derable local press coverage. A group of During the fieldwork, participants dedicated and very vocal heritage advo- were responsible for excavating units cates, Descendants, church members, and and screening soil to look for artifacts and concerned citizens had come together to assisting with recording and feature exca- Community Volunteers find ways to preserve the building and, vation. As part of the process, volunteers reveal evidence of the late-19th and ear- as part of this, there was growing support and visitors learned about the history of ly-20th century residential occupation for continuing the archaeological effort. the chapel. The archaeologists on site of the property, including thousands of It is important to understand that helped with artifact identification and artifacts and subsurface features, largely by the first decade of the turn of the many participants spent their own time sump and drainage features and refu- 21st century, 275 Thames Street and researching artifacts that were found. se pits. Nonetheless, the artifacts have and its neighbouring buildings had fa- In all, the excavations continued to been used in many displays to help tri-

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 10 gger public memory and interest in ar- teaching about slavery, the Underground Railroad past. Descendant communities chaeology and the story of London’s early Railroad and London’s Black history. found a source of pride in contributing Black community and the AME Church. to the remembrance and commemora- Following excavations, the volun- Summary and Conclusion tion of their direct past and the archaeo- teer efforts continued with the washing, logical excavations offered a chance to processing and cataloguing of artifacts Both the archaeological and conser- more intimately uncover, feel and expe- in partnership with the Museum of On- vation efforts were supported by the local rience potential remnants of that past. tario Archaeology and led once again by and provincial communities and genera- Darryl Dann. The artifact cataloguing is ted tremendous interest in the history of References still ongoing. As part of the process, the the church and of London’s early Black Museum collected video interviews of community. This was super important Carty, E.J. volunteers during which they described in the refashioning of the City’s histo- 1926 Old Fugitive Slave Chapel is Steeped London their interest in the project, discussed rical identity, since London’s role as an Deep in History, In: Advertiser, 8 May 1926. their varied backgrounds, and supported Underground Railroad Centre had been continued efforts for AME preservation. largely forgotten and only minimally do- Drew, B. cumented, overshadowed by those of the 1856 The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves Afterword: The Chapel Preserved better-known and nearby Black communi- in Canada. Boston: John P. Jewett ties of Wilberforce, Chatham, Buxton and and Company. After over a year of fundraising and Dresden. The project generated a conside- Railton, G., publisher planning, in November of 2014, the Cha- rable amount of new historical research 1856 Directory for the City of London, pel was moved from its original location on that helped reaffirm the importance of C.W. London, C.W.: Hunter & Thames Street to its new home beside the the AME Church in the City of London. Culbert. active BME Church on Grey Street. Plans Through major media coverage and for the study and restoration of the buil- subsequent fundraising campaigns to Whitefield, E. ding were initiated and have continued assist the relocation, restoration and pre- 1855 Whitefield’s Original Views of North since, with the hope that the building will servation of the building, Londoners were American Cities, No. 36. Reproduction of a drawing of become a multi-functional community given the opportunity to learn about, re- London, Ontario. https://ir.lib.uwo. centre, in part dedicated to education and cognize and celebrate their Underground ca/mdc-London-maps/5/ The Oro African Methodist Episcopal Church Rehabilitation By Sarah Clarke and Archaeologi- tersection of the Old Barrie Road and Line conduct the work on a pro bono basis. cal Research Associates Ltd. 3 North, had because of its close proximity Stage 1 research immediately re- to the road, been damaged in recent traffic vealed the link between the Oro African In 2014, the Oro-Medonte Heri- accidents. It was decided that the church Methodist Episcopal Church and the “Co- tage Committee and the Township of should be moved back from the road to loured Corps”, a Black unit of the Upper Oro-Medonte reached out to Archaeolo- prevent future damage to the building. Canadian militia that distinguished itself gical Research Associates (ARA) Ltd. with Over the next two years, ARA ca- during the War of 1812. Between 1819 a problem: The Oro African Methodist rried out Stage 1-4 assessments on the and 1826, the British granted 25 plots of Episcopal Church (which along with its ce- property, and a cemetery investigation land in Oro County to Black settlers, ele- metery comprises a National Historic Site on the lands adjacent to the historic ven of them to former soldiers who recei- of Canada) was under threat and in poor cemetery. Given the importance of the ved their grants as compensation for their overall condition. The church, which was project, and the budgetary constra- military service. The land was both remote situated at the southeast corner of the in- ints on the proponents, ARA opted to and of lower quality than the lands which

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 11 were granted to White veterans. In the end, ll-documented. just nine of the original grant recipients Its beginnings settled their lands, focused along an area can be traced of the Penetanguishine Road known as to the arrival of Wilberforce Street. Between 1829-1831, Reverend Ari the settlement was joined by another Raymond from thirty families (Parks Canada 2009). Boston in 1838 Noah Morris received the Crown to minister to the Patent for the church property (located local Black settle- on the west half of Lot 11, Concession 4, ment. Reverend Township of Oro) in March 1840. Morris Raymond obtai- was an African-Canadian who arrived with ned land on Lot the second wave of families in 1829 and 10, Concession 3 settled on the lot later that year (Murdoch and had built a 2014:22). In May 1849, Morris legally home by 1841, sold 1 acre in the northwestern part of the part of which Crew members working inside the Oro AME Church before it was moved property to the Trustees for the Coloured functioned as Episcopal Methodist Church of Canada, but a mission attended by five or six mem- Black community to build a log church it appears that he arranged for the release bers. The structure burned in 1845 and on the 1 acre parcel sold by Noah Mo- of this parcel from the overall mortgage everything was lost, but Raymond and his rris (Township of Oro 1987:234). Based in January 1846 for use as a “chapel and family built another home on the proper- on the results of a heritage assessment, burying ground” (Murdoch 2014:22–23). ty in 1846 and held services in their kit- the building technology and materials The history of the Oro African Metho- chen (Township of Oro 1987:171–172). were comparable to other log structures dist Episcopal (AME) Church itself is we- In 1848, Raymond helped organize the from the 1840s, and mud chinking was used between the logs. Weathering on the exterior indicated that the logs were exposed for one or two decades prior to being clad in clapboard—the gable ends above the logs were clad in clapboard from the beginning (Murdoch 2014:26). Reverend Richard Sorrick was the first minister at the new church, and af- terwards the services were run primarily by itinerant ministers. This church served about 40 families until ca. 1870, but as the Black population began to wane, so too did the church’s attendance (Township of Oro 1987:234). The church went into disuse between ca. 1900–1920, however 3–4 services were held each summer until the late 1930s (Crawford 1999:58; Mur- doch 2014:8; Township of Oro 1987:234). The cemetery reportedly surrounded the church to the south and east. Since the grave markers were primarily made of wood and have decayed, the specific After the church was moved from its foundation and prior to being set in the new founda- burial locations are unknown. The latest tion. Showing excavation complete at the previous location of the church. documented interments at the cemetery

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 12 were for Daniel Eddington (‘Eddie’) and grounds and within the footprint of the References James Thompson. Eddington died on church structure itself (which had an ear- August 28, 1945, and his obituary no- then crawlspace beneath the floor). In the multiVIEW Locates Inc. (MLI) tes that he was to be buried at the ‘Afri- end, the Oro AME Church site (BdGv-42) 2008 Geophysical Investigation at can Cemetery, Edgar’. Thompson died yielded more than 1600 artifacts associa- the Historic African Church, on December 18, 1949 and was buried ted with the African-Canadian construc- Oro-Medonte Township, near at the cemetery (Murdoch 2014:26). tion, use and repair of the structure over Shanty Bay, ON. multiVIEW Primary observations about the the course of the second half of the 19th Locates Inc. early cemetery come from an interview century and the early 20th century. The in- with Tom Partridge, who cut the grass vestigation did not result in the identifica- Parks Canada on the property with a team of horses tion of any features, although a human cla- 2009 Statement of Significance pulling a mower in the mid-1940s. Par- vicle, clearly “acquired” from the adjacent for Oro African Methodist tridge reported that on one occasion he cemetery, was found in an animal burrow. Episcopal Church National got too close to the cemetery and one of In the end, the property was found Historic Site of Canada, 1645 the horses’ hooves broke into a wooden to be too constrained by the cemetery Line 3 N., Oro-Medonte, casket with human remains. The casket to safely move the church. However, the Ontario, Canada. was only 1.5 feet (0.46 m) under the building was placed on a new foundation surface, and Partridge subsequently fi- in December 2015, followed by further 2002 Database Artifact Inventory lled the hole with dirt. He did not cut the restoration of the interior of the buil- Coding Guide. Unpublished grass with the team in the cemetery be- ding and recladding of the exterior. The Manuscript. Parks Canada. cause the graves were quite shallow. He National Historic Site reopened to the also recalled seeing approximately six public in August 2016 with attendees Su Murdoch Historical Consulting and white wooden crosses arranged in rows that included community members and Victor R. Snow Heritage Restoration in the northern part of the treed area former community members from across (Murdoch) when he was a boy (Murdoch 2014:58). Canada and the USA. ARA Ltd. is proud 2014 Cultural Heritage Assessment: A report filed by the Special Commit- and humbled to have been given the Oro African Methodist Episcopal tee on the Coloured Church and Cemetery opportunity to contribute to the project. Church and Cemetery in Oro Township in January 1947 reported National Historic Site. Su that “in the cemetery there are about fifty Special thanks for her gracious and inva- Murdoch Historical Consulting graves without any markers” (Murdoch luable support throughout the project and Victor R. Snow Heritage 2014:28). Over the course of restoration are extended to Ms. Janie Cooper-Wil- Restoration. and maintenance in 1947, the committee son, a descendant of the Oro AME Church arranged for the removal of dead wood community and a fierce proponent for Township of Oro and rubbish from the treed portion of the recognition of the contribution of Afri- 1987 The Story of Oro. 2nd Edition. cemetery, a fence was erected in 1948, can Canadians to our collective heritage. N.P.: Township of Oro. and the cleared part of the cemetery was mechanically levelled in 1949. In 1956, Recommended resources for further research on there were no signs of the wooden cros- Ontario’s Black History ses which marked the graves in the east, Black History Society: and it had become a grove of trees (Mur- https://blackhistorysociety.ca doch 2014:28–34). A GPR survey conduc- Ontario Heritage Trust: ted to identify potential burial locations https://www.heritagetrust.on.ca/en/pages/our-stories/onta- was undertaken for the cemetery area rios-black-heritage in 2008 and numerous high reflectivity Canadian Encyclopedia: anomalies were defined that could infer https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/timeline/black-history the presence of interments (MLI 2008:3). Archives of Ontario: Between 2014 and 2016, various locations were assessed across the church http://www.archives.gov.on.ca/en/access/black_history.aspx

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 13 Results of the Developing Professionals Survey By Craig Ramsoomair By doing so, we hope you will support and do not (42%). The question does not captu- be involved in the OAS in the future. We re the full picture as many respondents in It has been just over a year now since hoped to examine what sort of roadblocks both categories see potential for advance- we sent out our Survey for Developing Pro- to career development typically exist wi- ment but acknowledge that these opportu- fessionals to the Ontario archaeology com- thin the field and how the OAS can support nities are both rare and highly competitive. munity. A year which has gone by simulta- developing professionals overcome these More specifically, many see limited oppor- neously fast and slow. It is a good time to obstacles. Just as important is the of young professionals could see reflect on the results of this survey and the form in which these resources are offered as Ontario is a province who- themselves participating in a way in which your answers have helped sha- 79% mentorship program ped the Ontario Archaeology Society (OAS) se vastness can create significant through this tumultuous year and beyond. geographical barriers for travel to in-person tunities beyond field work and feel that the The survey was inspired by our Stra- events. Feedback regarding potential types seasonality of archaeological work does not tegic Plan 2019-2024 (OAS 2018) and of resources including workshops, oppor- provide the stability many are looking for in created by our Outreach Committee. In tunities such as mentorship, and the deve- a career. Others have difficulties obtaining the plan, the OAS sought increased en- lopment of relevant documents for more the licencing that many higher positions gagement with Field Technicians and the experienced professionals was sought. require, because of challenges in obtaining wider Cultural Resource Management The survey received a relatively strong the necessary education and breadth of ex- (CRM) industry through relevant initiatives response, with 112 respondents taking perience. In order to assist with these issues, including providing career development the time to answer our questions and in many respondents wanted to see more ea- opportunities. The CRM industry has grown many cases, providing us with many thou- sily accessible digital Ontario archaeology significantly over the last decade and is ghtful answers. I want to personally take resources on our website along with more the main form of archaeology conducted this moment to thank everyone who did opportunities and guides geared towards in the province. Professional archaeolo- respond and acknowledge the many de- professional development. The focus on gists now represent a major section of OAS tailed answers to the survey’s questions. online material is motivated by the impe- membership, despite our history as an Respondents included Field Directors diments related to in-person attendance of avocational and academic-focused organi- (21.4%), Field Technicians (21.4%), Pro- OAS events which included primarily costs zation. The shift is in part due to the OAS ject Managers/Professional Archaeologists and time associated with travel. As for the representing one of several archaeological (18.8%), Students (9.8%), Report Writers, kinds of professional development respon- organizations accepted for provincial li- Lab Technicians, First Nations Liaisons, dents were looking for, both paid workshops cencing purposes. However, I like to think and more. The majority of respondents (87.9%) and mentorships (78.8%) received that many more are like myself, for whom had either an applied research or pro- strong approval. There is also a general in- archaeology is still a passion and the OAS fessional archaeological licence (62.5%) terest in more networking opportunities. and its offerings represents a way to be with a fairly even distribution across the The broader take-away of the survey involved in archaeology beyond the day-to- experience spectrum. For respondents is the clear support for the OAS to expand day concerns of a consultant archaeologist. who were not members of the OAS, mem- in the direction of professional develop- The goal of the survey was to determi- bership fees (56.3%) represented the ment. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the ne how the OAS can use its resources to be- greatest impediment to membership. question of how to achieve this only had tter meet the needs of its developing pro- Most importantly, the majority believe one answer: online. Over the last year we fessional membership in the CRM industry. that there are opportunities in their career have had numerous Zoom events: a 10-part for advancement (58%) Speaker Series, which highlighted many of of young professionals feel like there are no avenues/opportunities for advancement in their while a significant portion the potential avenues that exist within CRM 42% archaeology career

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 14 beyond the field level; five Symposium workshops, which built on workshop ideas provi- IN MEMORIAM ded by the survey; and a shift towards online Chapter Meetings as we strive to be active Dr. Joseph David Stewart (1942 – 2021) with physical geographers, archaeo- despite these unprecedented times. Since By Scott Hamilton, Jill Taylor-Ho- llings, and William Ross botanists, geologists, physicists and these have been free and in the evening, chemists, among others. He was inte- it has hopefully had the added bonus of On March 9, 2021, Dr. Joe Stewart gral to the early 1990s development making the OAS more accessible to the de- passed away at the age of 78 after a of BSc programming in Geoarchaeo- veloping professionals across the province. brief illness. He was born on Septem- logy and Anthropology at Lakehead With a return to normalcy hopefully wi- ber 7, 1942 and raised in Texas. In University - something that remains thin the not-so-distant future, the question is 1965 he graduated with a BA in An- rare in Canadian universities. He was where to go from here? Many of the previous thropology from Texas Technological a long-time member of the OAS. workshops were recorded and will soon have College. Joe then emigrated to Cana- Joe’s colleagues and friends re- a home on the OAS website, freely accessi- da to attend the University of Calgary, member with fondness his academic ri- ble to our membership. Kaitlyn Malleau, our completing his PhD in Archaeology in gour, dry humour (often delivered with 1974. A year later, he joined the De- a Texas drawl), and willingness to dis- Director of Education, continues to organize partment of Anthropology at Lake- cuss research over a pint. He is survived skill building workshops for 2021, beginning head University shortly after its esta- by his wife Debra Babcock (Thunder with a recent Lithic Analysis workshop by Bill blishment where he remained until his Bay), his brother Larry Stewart (Texas) Fox. Despite Zoom Fatigue it was our best retirement in 2003. As an emeritus pro- and son Sean Stewart (California). attended online event yet! The continued fessor Joe continued wor- popularity of these virtual events demons- king on smaller research trates the need for a hybrid online/in-person projects and travelling. approach when life returns to normal. The Joe’s detailed, carefu- pandemic also forced the OAS Archaeology lly written research provi- Training for Monitors and Field Liaison Re- des a legacy of archaeo- presentatives to go digital. The silver lining logical work from diverse areas. Throughout much here means these modules can now be of his career, he continued made accessible to our wider membership research collaboration with for the benefit of everyone once completed. University of Calgary co- The Outreach Committee also has many lleagues in northern Mexi- other initiatives that we are actively pursuing co and the American Sou- including posting CRM jobs on social media, thwest. He also worked on the development of CRM related materials, research problems associa- and exploring avenues for mentorship and ted with his home state of networking. Unfortunately, even with these Texas, as well as Wyoming, opportunities, CRM is still a difficult indus- Oregon, Alaska, Guatema- try where success requires an element of la, Alberta, the Northwest Territories (high Canadian stubbornness and luck. It is something that I Arctic), Baja California, the have experienced, and my hope is to lighten central interior of British the burden, even if only by a small amount. Columbia and the boreal If you are interested in helping, do not wait forest of northern Ontario. for a survey to contact me at outreach@on- His research often focused tarioarchaeology.org. The Outreach Com- on applying scientific -me mittee is always looking for volunteers. thods to archaeological in- ference, and he had parti- References cular interest and expertise in archaeometry and radio- Ontario Archaeological Society carbon dating. Joe was at- tracted to interdisciplinary 2018 Strategic Plan 2019-2024. Arch research, resulting in colla- Notes 23(5):5-11. boration and publication Dr. Stewart at the Martin-Bird Site near Thunder Bay in 2009. Photo by Dr. Matt Boyd

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 15 Valerie Sonstenes Student Research Fund 2020 This award was named in honour of Vale- bonized food residues of pottery vessels to Beta Analytic and yielded a date of 1680 ± rie Anne Sonstenes (1977-2010), who was within the region (Boyd and Hamilton 2018; 30 BP (Beta-567300; Zizania sp. grain; δ13C: a longtime member and participant in the Boyd and Surette 2010). The analysis of wild -24.3‰. Although evidence of the consump- OAS. It is intended to support new research resources can aid in contextualizing the tion of wild rice has been identified from food by students in Ontario archaeology. This cultivated plant component of Woodland residue on Laurel pottery (Boyd and Hamilton fund provides a small grant (of up to $1000) peoples’ diets but there is currently a lack 2018; Boyd and Surette 2010; Burchill 2014), to assist them in undertaking projects. Last of research on macrobotanical and zooar- macroremains are rare from Laurel composite year, this award was given to Jake Cousi- chaeological material from Subarctic sites. sites in Canada. While previous researchers neau, who shares his research plans below. This lack of research is partly due to the (e.g., Rajnovich 1985) have speculated about podzolic soils of the Boreal Forest. Their acidi- the use of wild rice in Northwestern Ontario By Jake Cousineau, Department of Anthro- ty causes organic material to degrade quicker during the Middle Woodland, the radiocar- pology, Lakehead University compared to many other regions. However, bon date from the Macgillivray site provides Boreal Forest archaeological sites are not one of the few direct supports of this idea. In April of 2020, I was awarded the Onta- always void of organic materials. How we Acknowledgement rio Archaeological Society’s Valerie Sonstenes approach the issues of acidic soil should not be Student Fund award to support my Master’s to devalue the interpretative power of organic Thanks to the OAS and the awards thesis research about Woodland period diets material from the area. Instead, archaeologists committee for providing me with Valerie at the Macgillivray site (DbJm-3) in Northwes- should seek to improve upon past methodo- Sonstenes Student Fund for 2020. Also, I tern Ontario. I am currently finishing my logies. In my thesis, I employ a new sieving acknowledge my supervisor for this great Master of Environmental Studies degree at and flotation standard in order to optimize project and the Department of Anthropo- Lakehead University in the Department of An- the recovery of organics in Boreal Forest sites. logy at Lakehead University for all the su- thropology with Dr. Matt Boyd as supervisor. Funds from the Valerie Sonstenes Stu- pport they provided throughout the project. The Macgillivray site is a multi-com- dent Fund award were used to pay for a ra- ponent habitation area associated with a diocarbon date processed from a sample of References nearby mound feature. This site is located on charred wild rice (Zizania sp.). The sample Bishop Island in Whitefish Lake, southwest of Boyd, M., and C. Surette Thunder Bay, Ontario. It is primarily a Middle 2010 Northernmost Precontact Maize in Woodland period Laurel composite campsite North America. American Antiquity with a few examples of rare Brainerd ware also 75(1):117–133. being found. There were also smaller occupa- tions by the Selkirk composite and Psinomani Boyd, M., and S. Hamilton Ontario Late Woodland archaeological cultures and 2018 The Martin-Bird Site Revisited. Archaeology 98:35–47. Post-Contact usage of the locale. It was first excavated by Ken Dawson in the 1960’s (Dawson Burchill, A. 1980). Lakehead University researchers retur- 2014 Plant Microfossil Analysis of Middle ned to excavate the site during the summers of Woodland Food Residues, Northern 2016 and 2017. Through the excavation of the Minnesota. Thunder Bay, Ontario. habitation area, a large amount of fire-cracked Unpublished Masters thesis, Northern rock was exposed and soil samples were collec- Environments and Cultures Program, ted from features. I processed these samples Departments of Anthropology and by flotation and the remaining heavy fraction Geography, Lakehead University. was water-screened. The heavy fractions were water-screened through a nested-sieve (4mm, Dawson, K.C.A. 1980 The Macgillivray Site: A Laurel Tradition 2mm, and 1mm) to optimize the recovery of Site in Northwestern Ontario. Ontario faunal specimens that are underreported from Archaeology 34:45–68. archaeological sites in the region. My project uses those results and excavated material Jake Cousineau Rajnovich, G. from the Macgillivray site to further unders- 1985 A Study of Possible Prehistoric Wild Rice tand the diets of Woodland period peoples. was recovered from a quadrant with a high Gathering on Lake of the Woods, This study was motivated by the iden- frequency of fire-cracked rock and associated Ontario. North American Archaeologist tification of maize and wild rice in the car- with Laurel ware pottery sherds. It was sent 5(3):197–215.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 16 2020 OAS Symposium Award Winners By Jill Taylor-Hollings with assistance from Chiara William- son (Executive Director), the board of Greetings everyone! During 2020, directors, and Dawson Butler (a Sum- I was the Ontario Archaeological Society mer Experience Program student). (OAS) Director of Member Services, whose It was the best attended event at the main responsibility is the awards programs. symposium with many friends and The student accolades were discussed in family members registering to ‘Zoom’ the last issue of Arch Notes (October/De- with us. Although virtual events do not cember 2020) and Jake Cousineau’s over- replace the real thing, it provided the view about how he used the 2020 Valerie opportunity to recognize the award Sonstenes Student Research Fund is inclu- winners with their friends, family, and ded in this issue. However, I would like to colleagues albeit online. It also pro- provide you with an overview about the vided a means for people across the other awards that were granted in 2020. country (and even in the United King- In a year of many firsts, the OAS sym- dom) to participate in the ceremony. posium committee, led by Past President Alicia Hawkins, and the board of directors Honouring Members organized a virtual symposium (our 47th Firstly, the OAS had the great honour annual conference). As part of that event, of recognizing Norma Knowlton for the first ever online OAS awards ceremony the remarkable achievement of 50 Andrew Stewart receives the Charles and Ella Garrad was held on Friday, November 6, 2020. consecutive years of membership Award for Outstanding Service. Photo by Chiara President Jim Sherratt hosted the event (1970-2020). Additionally, Joanne Williamson Lea, Michael Hambacher, tion of OAS members. Most often volun- and Caroline Walker were recog- teers are the public face of the OAS doing nized for being 25 year (1995- great work in support of our commonly 2020) members of the society. held goals and principles. The contributions These awards consist of unique of these members are seen particularly in 50 year and 25 year lapel pins regular chapter meetings, events and activi- and accompanying certificates. ties, publication of the society’s newsletter Congratulations and thank you to and journal, and organization of the annual all four of these loyal members! symposium. These individuals bring a wide range of skills and interests to the orga- Accolades nization, and it is because of them that it Charles and Ella Garrad Award for continues to be a strong and vibrant society. Outstanding Service The actual award consists of a sig- ned and personalized, custom framed Dr. Suzanne Needs-Howarth and certificate. Here are a few key lines from Dr. Andrew Stewart were each the nominators explaining why the- honoured with the Charles and Ella Garrad Award for Outstanding Ser- se two members were so deserving: “Suzanne has been an active member vice in 2020. This award is given in of the OAS over the past three decades Suzanne Needs-Howarth receives the Charles and Ella recognition of the continuing long- and has devoted much of this time to hel- Garrad Award for Outstanding Service. Photo by John term support and active participa- Howarth ping the society. She has served as edi-

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 17 tor of Arch Notes for many years as well ving the cultural heritage of Indigenous munity, her Ancestors, and her heritage set as copy-editor for Ontario Archaeology.” peoples through active participation in a powerful example of how effective Indi- “Dr. Stewart has met the test, as outli- Ontario archaeology. It goes to those who genous advocacy in archaeology could be. ned in the award description on the society work tirelessly not only for their own com- Joanne passed away on this year, but her le- website, of providing yeoman’s service in su- munity, but use their voice to advocate for gacy reverberates in Ontario archaeology.” pport of our commonly held goals and prin- the inclusion of Indigenous perspectives in ciples, and he has made outstanding achie- all aspects of archaeological endeavours. Helen Devereux Award for Excellence in vements especially in his support for our The newly designed award is a framed Archaeological Mentorship highly respected journal and in aiding the certificate featuring a birch bark design Dr. David G. Smith was the winner many OAS members who have published and four colours (yellow, red, black, and of the Helen Devereux Award for Excellen- there and beyond...His excellence as a scho- white) that are important to many Indi- ce in Archaeological Mentorship for 2020. lar, editor, illustrator and simply communi- genous people in Ontario and beyond. This relatively new award recognizes an cator meets the challenges of the virtues One certificate was presented by Chiara individual who has, through the course of and accomplishments for which we want Williamson (Executive Director) to three a career, demonstrated outstanding com- to reward our colleagues with this award”. of Joanne’s children. The other one was mitment to Ontario archaeology through presented to Lonny Bomberry and Dawn consistent, high quality training of the Indigenous Advocacy Award LaForme, who both worked with Joanne next generation of aspiring archaeologists. In 2020, the Indigenous Advocacy at the Six Nations Lands and Resources Often, excellent archaeological practice Award was conferred for the first time, office, where the certificate will reside. is instilled when individuals first under- to Joanne Thomas, posthumously. Tri- Joanne’s family created a beautiful vi- take fieldwork and/or laboratory analysis. butes were written about Joanne in deo about her that was played during the Winners of this award will typically have previous Arch Notes issues that help ex- awards ceremony. It was emotional for ever- many former trainees who have gone on plain the loss to her family and the dis- yone in attendance and provided a though- to build successful careers in Ontario ar- cipline (See Arch Notes issues January/ tful tribute. These excerpts also encapsulate chaeology. David was presented with a June 2020 and July/September 2020). why she was nominated: “In addition to her special personalized and framed certificate. This award was created in 2019 to commitment to training Six Nations moni- These sentences exemplify the essen- recognize a person or persons from an In- tors, Joanne mentored and advised many ce of why he is so deserving of the award: digenous community who has dedicated southern Ontario archaeologists including “Dave trained generations of archaeologists themselves to archaeology and preser- me. Her passion for archaeology, her com- who have become leading figures in both

(L-R): Lonny Bomberry and Dawn LaForme accept the Indigenous (L-R): Dallas John, Summer Primeaux, and Charles Kennedy accept the Advocacy Award which was conferred posthumously to Joanne Indigenous Advocacy Award which was conferred posthumously to Thomas. Photo by Chiara Williamson Joanne Thomas. Photo by Chiara Williamson

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 18 pos from the nomination: “This is one of Heather’s most outstanding legacies: the number of people who she has mentored and who in turn will pass on the precision, passion and understanding of historic archaeology in Ontario. Uni- versity students in southern Ontario who have an interest in specializing in Historic Ar- chaeology invariably are told by senior students or professors: Go work with Heather.”

J.V. Wright Lifetime Achieve- ment Award In 2020, Dr. Scott Hamil- ton was presented with the J.V. Wright Lifetime Achievement Heather Henderson receives the Tim and Ian Kenyon Award , one of the highest ho- Award. Photo by John Howarth nours that the OAS can bestow. Dave Smith receives the Helen Devereux It is an award granted occasionally since career...Scott has become the leading re- Award for Excellence in Archaeological Men- 2015 to an outstanding Ontario professio- searcher in Northern Ontario archaeology torship. Photo by Chiara Williamson nal archaeologist whose life’s work has been and adjacent Manitoba. He has achieved this position through a long and productive professional and academic streams of ar- consistently of the highest standard and career, a creative use of new technologies chaeology, both in Ontario and the broader who has made an exceptional contribution archaeological community...Past students to the development of archaeo- who I have spoken to over the years still recall logy in the province (in this case his guidance and training, which have posi- Northern Ontario in particular). It tively molded their archaeological careers.” is awarded to a professional who has published widely, is recogni- Tim and Ian Kenyon Award zed for advancing the practice of The winner of Tim and Ian Kenyon Award archaeology, has earned acclaim for 2020 was Heather Henderson. This ho- for excellence, and has inspired nour is made occasionally to an outstanding others. Scott’s award consisted of archaeologist whose life’s work has been the larger, custom framed certifica- consistently of the highest standard and ted with J.V. Wright’s likeness on it. who has made an exceptional contribution This nominator explained key to the development of historical archaeolo- aspects of Scott: “As I’m sure you gy in Ontario. It is awarded to an individual can appreciate, it is not an easy who has published widely, is recognized for task to summarize the breadth and advancing the practice of historical archaeo- impact of a scholar whose career logy, has earned acclaim for excellence, and has spanned over 40 years of cea- has inspired others in the province. It is seless activity. While undoubtedly one of the highest honours that the socie- incomplete, in writing this letter I ty can grant. The actual trophy awarded to have sought to touch on the highli- Heather is an engraved, translucent crystal ghts of what, by any estimation, statue, unique amongst the OAS awards. would be considered an extraor- Scott Hamilton receives the J.V. Wright Lifetime Achie- One paragraph was particularly apro- dinary and impactful professional vement Award. Photo by Jill Taylor-Hollings

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 19 and methodologies, and a strong and en- Thanks to the supporters of the 2020 spring! If you want to nominate someone during commitment to the incorporation of OAS Virtual Symposium including Plati- for an OAS award, the information and nomi- First Nations voices into academic research.” num Trowel sponsors ARA, Archaeological nation form can be found on the Ontario Ar- Services Inc., McMaster Department of chaeological Society website and the dead- Summary Anthropology, Paterson Group, Timmins line is August 1 each year. The deadline In a year of extreme challenges, we Martelle Heritage Consultants, The Archaeo- for the Valerie Sonstenes Student Research congratulate the very deserving OAS long logy Centre, University of Toronto, and The Fund award is mid-March with a separate time members and award winners for Archaeology Program, Ontario Ministry of application form from the other awards. 2020. We honour their contributions to the Heritage, Sport, Tourism and Culture In- For more information, please contact discipline of archaeology. Thanks to all of dustries. Our Gold Trowel sponsors were the Director of Member Services Josh Dent people who took the time to put together Fisher Archaeological Consulting, Lauren- ([email protected]) excellent nominations and the hundreds tian University, Northwest Archaeological or the Executive Director Chiara Williamson of people who attended the awards cere- Assessments, and Wilfrid Laurier University. ([email protected]). mony to make it a resounding success! I hope everyone will have an enjoyable 2021 Annual Symposium of the Ontario Archaeological Society October 20-24, 2021

The 2021 Annual Symposium of the Ontario Archaeological Society is being organized by the Ottawa Chapter. This year marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the Ottawa Chapter and we hope to celebrate with a memorable symposium!

While there are lots of reasons to have hope, the COVID-19 pandemic is far from over and we cannot be certain of the prevailing circumstances next autumn so we have decided to host a virtual symposium. As we saw last year, this offers both difficult challenges and great possibilities. We intend to take full advantage of the amazing possibilities!

In addition to a keynote presentation on the Archaeology of Barrack Hill by Stephen Jarrett and the customary papers, posters, and workshops, the organizing committee is also planning a wealth of complementary activities that may include virtual guided tours of local sites and facilities, an archaeological Quiz, a Scavenger Hunt, and more.

We hope you will join us virtually next autumn and share in the Ottawa Valley spirit!

André Miller, President of the Ottawa Chapter of the OAS, 2021 OAS Symposium Committee Chair 2021 Symposium Theme – Origins and Growth As the year 2021 marks the 50th year of the Ottawa communities of this land. Archaeology should be a collabo- Chapter and our active participation in the study and preser- ration with Indigenous communities. Meaningful consulta- vation of Ontario’s archaeological heritage, we aim to host tion and engagement with descendant communities should a symposium that celebrates our past contributions while be common practice. It is also essential that non-Indigenous simultaneously providing guidance on archaeology’s po- communities learn about this land’s past so that land ack- tential futures. Over the past five decades, the chapter has nowledgements are statements of undeniable truths which been involved in a wide range of community-based activities incorporate an awareness of the past and the paths that throughout the region in order to share our appreciation and led to current realities. Only then will we stand shoulder to respect for the past in general and that of the Ottawa Valley shoulder with shared understanding and respect as our bond. in particular. Our origins and subsequent growth as an OAS In suggesting the twin themes of Origins and Grow- Chapter are something that we believe are worth celebrating! th we wish to pause and evaluate the roads we have collec- Similarly, archaeological fieldwork in Ontario continues to tively travelled as an organization, as a profession, and as a take place at an unprecedented rate. New data, new analytical discipline in our privileged access to the past, while simulta- techniques, new theoretical approaches and new analyses of le- neously exploring the potential for growth in the future of the gacy collections are all contributing to create new insights which discipline. Rather than having a theme which restricts con- help produce more holistic and realistic narratives of the past. tributions to the symposium, we envision the dual themes Archaeology and archaeological understanding can be a stimulating thought and discussion around their interplay critical bridge to facilitate reconciliation with the Indigenous and contribution to the discipline and Ontario archaeology.

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 20 Introducing the New Editors of Arch Notes

Sarah Timmins is currently employed as the Repatriation Katelyn Mather graduated from Carleton University Technician for the Royal Ontario Museum in the Archaeo- with a bachelor’s degree in Anthropology in 2009, logy of the Americas Department. She works directly followed by a year of non-degree studies at the with the curator of North American Archaeology, as well University of Toronto in archaeology and physical as with Indigenous communities on the repatriation of anthropology. In 2010, Katelyn started working in Ancestors and culturally sensitive objects in the ROM’s CRM. After working as a field technician and report holdings. Prior to her work at the ROM, Sarah was employed for a number of seasons in the CRM field initially writer for three years, she obtained her applied re- as a field technician, and then eventually as a licensed search licence. She then completed her M.A. in field director. She received a bachelor’s degree in Nor- Applied Archaeology at Western University. Her re- th American archaeology with a minor in anthropology search focused on the ceramic assemblages from from Wilfrid Laurier University. She later earned an M.A. two Early-Late Woodland Period sites in Ontario. In from McMaster University in bioarchaeology studying 2015, she started working at Timmins Martelle Heri- growth, development, and vitamin D deficiency in chil- tage Consultants, where she is currently working as dren from a Roman city located in modern day Northern a report writer. The remainder of her time is spent France. She was able to participate in a number of field playing with her daughter, cooking vegan food and schools during her studies including on sites in Romania, exploring the trails around Toronto with her family. Bermuda and at Old Fort Erie during the bicentennial of the War of 1812. Outside of her archaeological passions, Sarah can be found bird-watching, hiking, and camping. Dear Arch Notes readers, we are looking to hear from YOU. What do you like about the Have you connected with us yet? newsletter? What do you dislike? What would Find the OAS on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, YouTube and LinkedIN! you like to see more of? We hope to survey members soon for feedback on the future of AN, but if you have any comments, sugges- tions or ideas in the meantime, send us an email at [email protected]

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 21 Ontario Archaeological Society Annual Business Meeting November 7, 2020 ZOOM Meeting training 3 Field Liaison Repre- members Alicia Hawkins and Deb- sentatives at Mississaugas of the bie Steiss for covering many of the Present: OAS Board of Directors: Credit First Nation was awarded ED’s jobs for the past year while Jim Sherratt, Debbie Steiss, Alicia to the OAS; the purpose is to train the position was vacant Hawkins, Craig Ramsoomair, Kate these individuals to train their • Office records are being culled Dougherty, Rob Pihl, Abbie Flower, own FLRs for future work and digitized Amy St John, Chiara Williamson, • OAS members have been working • A major office clean-up has been Kaitlyn Malleau, Jill Taylor-Hollings to create video versions of past completed OAS Membership: approximately 26 training presentations that will members cover all the required topics OAS website • The OAS has continued its efforts • A new website has been in deve- President’s Land Acknowledg- pertaining to reconciliation lopment and should be rolling out ment soon Black Lives Matter Motion to Approve Agenda: moved • The OAS felt it necessary to make Treasurer’s Report—Debbie Steiss by Sheryl Smith and seconded by an anti-racism statement in su- Comments pertaining to 2019 Debbie Steiss. No discussion. Vote pport of the BLM movement • The OAS membership and subs- carried. • The OAS is asking its members to criptions to Ontario Archaeology educate those who do not believe increased Motion to Approve the Minutes that Canada has a racism problem • The Charles Garrad Collections from the 2019 Annual Business Fund was launched last year and Meeting: moved by Rob Pihl and Outreach currently has over $11,000 in as- seconded by André Miller. No discus- • Board member Craig Ramsoomair sets; no awards will be made until sion. Vote carried. organized a 9-week series of talks the fund has grown to a sustaina- on Cultural Resource Management ble amount Matters Arising from Minutes: practices that helped to replace • The Valerie Sonstenes Student none. cancelled OAS chapter meeting Scholarship Fund dispersed its programs first award President’s Report: • The 2019 OAS Symposium had President Jim Sherratt covered 2020 Symposium over 300 participants, and be- several topics: • Jim gave a shout-out to Past-Pre- tween corporate and individual sident Alicia Hawkins for her tre- sponsorships plus the take from Indigenous Training mendous effort in organizing the the silent action, there was a net • 2020 Advanced Field Liaison 2020 symposium due to the cance- profit of approximately $15,000 Representatives training took llation of the original symposium which was split between OAS and place in late Jan 2020 with the planned for Hamilton, themed the Toronto Chapter assistance of OAS volunteers: “Archaeologies of Resilience” • The Summer Employment Pro- Dana Poulton, Christine Dodd, • Instead, the OAS decided to host a gram had 3 students, and they Matthew Beaudoin, Mike McCre- virtual symposium: 439 people re- helped with symposium planning, ady and Kaitlyn Malleau gistered on a pay-as-you-go basis, curating a Lakehead University ar- • Due to the pandemic, our 2020 and it has been a financial success tifact collection, heritage outreach Trillium Community Repre- and archaeological conservation sentatives Training program Internal Processes • Our Ontario Trillium Grow Grant for Northeastern Ontario was • The OAS Board of Directors hired was launched with Field Liaison deferred a new Executive Director, Chiara Representative training works- • A new Trillium SEED grant for Williamson; Jim thanked Board hops; however, it was put on hold

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 22 this year into proper financial condition and for Restitution Committee: we are • The OAS had an operating surplus securing a first-rate accounting firm ensuring that our policies and of just over $9,000 to keep them well maintained, and he procedures are consistent with our • Statement of Financial Position: hoped that those efforts would conti- Statement of Ethical Principles; the details were reviewed (see nue in the future. Vote carried. the committee is moving forward table) with Sarah Hazel as its lead; we • Statement of Operations and Motion to Approve Weinberg & Gas- are developing protocols to hand- Changes in Fund Balances; the pirc CPA LLP to be accountants for le members who do not abide details were reviewed (see table) the Ontario Archaeological Society by the SEP; we are expanding Comments pertaining to 2020: for 2020: moved by Abbey Flower and reconciliation space on the new • The Covid-19 pandemic changed seconded by Chris Ellis. No discussion. OAS website our practices, necessitating a shift Vote carried. • Leadership in the Practice of to electronic or digital file formats Archaeology: we continue to and storage, etc., a shift from Election of Directors develop a series of white pa- paying by cheque to direct deposit pers to define best-practice OAS which requires fewer signatures It is necessary to fill six Director posi- Standards and Guidelines; we are and but greater efficiency, the use tions for 2021. Nominations are: working on a green subscription to of ZOOM! for Board of Director Ontario Archaeology meetings and now our sympo- President-Elect: Jill Taylor-Hollings. • Improvement of Internal Mana- sium; although membership is Further nominations were solicited gement: we continue to develop down this year given the econo- from the floor three times, but none our digital management practices, mic situation, we were able to were presented. Candidate was acclai- such as submissions of MOUs and continue providing services to our med. financial statements; we continue membership and to engage them Treasurer: Henry van Lieshout. Fur- to enhance our regional represen- with relative success ther nominations were solicited from tation, our President-Elect hails • There were no fund-raising ini- the floor three times, but none were from Thunder Bay! tiatives this year, but there was a presented. Candidate was acclaimed. tremendous outpouring with the Vice-President / Secretary: Abbey Appreciation to OAS Volunteers: pay-as-you-go format used for Flower. Further nominations were so- the symposium: we raised over licited from the floor three times, but Motion to Thank the following list $8,000! none were presented. Candidate was of retiring members of the Board • For the first time ever, the OAS acclaimed. or Publications for their service to received its Provincial Heritage Directors: Jeff Siebert; Greg Braun; the Ontario Archaeological Society: Organization grant in July this Josh Dent. Further nominations were moved by Josh Dent and seconded by year, instead of the normal time solicited from the floor three times, Trevor Orchard. No discussion. Vote sometime in late fall…very nice! but none were presented. Candidates carried. • We received 3 SEP positions were acclaimed. • Out-going Board of Directors: again this year, and the Province Alicia Hawkins, Debbie Steiss, Rob allowed the students to spread 2021 Symposium Update for Ha- Pihl and Amy St John; their employment as part-time milton: No report was presented, but • Ontario Archaeology editor: Chris over the year due to restrictions Emily Anson announced the theme Ellis, and also to Andrew Stewart imposed by the pandemic was “Growth of Ontario Archaeology”. as editor of “Profiles” section • Our two Trillium grants will pro- The Chapter is considering a hybrid • Arch Notes co-editors: Sheryl ceed next year approach, but currently are only plan- Smith and Carole Stimmell • Debbie Steiss announced her ning a virtual program. departure as Treasurer after three Adjournment two-year terms Strategic Plan—Jim Sherratt • Public Outreach: we continue our Motion to Adjourn: moved by Alicia Motion to Approve the 2019 finan- visible presence at events such as Hawkins and seconded by André Mi- cial statements: moved by Alicia Archaeology Month; we are deve- ller. Meeting adjourned at 6:18 p.m. Hawkins; seconded by Jim Keron. No loping a mobile phone-friendly discussion, but Jim Keron acknowle- web page; trying to achieve better Submitted by Chiara Williamson, Exe- dged the significant role Debbie had support to the OAS Chapters cutive Director played in bringing the OAS accounts • Reconciliation, Reclamation,

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 23 Regional Chapters

Grand River Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/londo- Wanikan Editor: Clarence Surette, Jill Taylor-Ho- noas llings, and Laura Gosse President: Chris Dalton Email: [email protected] Web Design/Photography: Chris McEvoy Vice President: Chris Watts Mail: Museum of Ontario Archaeology, 1600 E-mail: [email protected] Treasurer: Bonnie Glencross Attawandaron Rd., London, ON N6G 3M6 Website: https://www.lakeheadu.ca/programs/ Secretary: TBA Phone: (519) 473-1360 departments/anthropology/the-ontario-ar- Website: https://sites.google.com/site/grandri- Fax (519) 473-1363 chaeological-society veroas Meetings: 7:30 pm on 2nd Thursday of the month Meetings: 7 pm on the last Friday of the month Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/OAS- except May–August; at MOA except May-August in Room BB0017, Braun Grand-River-Chapter-1530572620573825 Membership: Individual/Family $18, Student, $15, Building, Lakehead University Meetings: 2nd Tuesday of each month, Sept.- Institutional $21 Membership: $10 (as of Jan. 1, 2021) April Psychology, Anthropology, Sociology building (PAS) 1241 (First Floor), University of Ottawa Toronto Waterloo (South Campus) Membership: Individual $20, Student $15 President: André Miller President: Carole Stimmell Vice President: Stacey Girling-Christie Past President: Mima Kapches Hamilton Secretary: Carol Pritchard Vice President: Carla Parslow Treasurer: Bill MacLennan Treasurer: Sam MacLoed President: Emily Anson Directors at large: Glenna Roberts, Ben Morti- Secretary: Neil Gray Website Vice President: Jacqueline Fisher mer, Elizabeth (Libby) Imrie, Stephanie Carles, Profile Editor: Carole Stimmell Treasurer/Membership: Ruth Macdougall Philippe Trottier & Chris Kerns Website Editor: Janice Teichroeb Events Co-ordinator: Martha Tildesley Ottawa Archaeologist Editor: Chris Kerns Website: http:/toronto.ontarioarchaeology.org E-mail: [email protected] Web master: Yvon Riendeau Email: [email protected] Website: http://hamilton.ontarioarchaeology. Peggi Armstrong Public Archaeology Award: Lois Meetings: 7:30 pm on the 3rd Wednesday of the org King month, except June–August in U of T Anthropo- Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ Website: www.ottawaoas.ca logy Building, Room 246, 19 Russell St. groups/1453543678209795 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Ot- Membership: Individual $12, Family $14 Phone: (647) 449-0668 tawa-Chapter-of-the-Ontario-Archaeologi- Meetings: 7:30 pm on the 3rd Thursday of the cal-Society-582145708470231 Windsor month, Sept. to May, Fieldcote Museum, 64 Email: [email protected] Sulphur Springs Road, Ancaster Mail: PO Box 4939, Station E, Ottawa ON K1S 5J1 President: Amanda Black Membership: Individual $11, Family $18 Meetings: Every 3rd Thursday of the month Vice President: Rosemarie Denunzio from Sept. to May; usually at Routhier Commu- Secretary/Website: Barbara Johnson Huronia nity Centre, 172 Guigues Street, Ottawa (in the Treasurer: Michael McMaster Byward Market) Newsletter Editor: Zach Hamm Membership: Individual $20, Family $25, Student President: Victoria Brooks-Elder Media Outreach: Haylee Meloche $12 Vice President: Dayle Elder Website: http://sites.google.com/site/windso- Treasurer: Jamie Hunter roas Past-President: John Raynor Peterborough Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Facebook: Website: http://huronia.ontarioarchaeology. President: Sheryl Smith https://www.facebook.com/WindsorOAS/ on.ca Vice-President: Tom Mohr Meetings: 7:00 pm on the second Wednesday of Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Huronia- Treasurer: Deb Mohr February, April, and October and the first Wed- ChapterOfTheOntarioArchaeologySociety Secretary: Dirk Verhulst nesday of December. at the Duff-Baby Interpre- Meetings: 7:00pm on the 2nd Wednesday of the Directors: Julie Kapyrka, Robert Pearce and Mor- tation Centre in Old Sandwich Town month, Year Round at the Midland North Sports gan Tamplin. Membership: Individual $15, Family $20, Stu- and Recreation Centre Strata Editor: Dirk Verhulst dents $5 Membership: Individual $15, Family $18 Student Website: peterborough.ontarioarchaeology.org $10 Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ MEMBERSHIP groups/1519076065078299 Without OA With OA London Meetings: 7:00 pm on the fourth Tuesday of each Individual 45 (65)* 57 (77)* month, Family 52 (72) 64 (84) Membership: Individual $12, Family $15, Student President: Chris Ellis Student 25 (45) 34 (54) $8 Vice President: Darcy Fallon Institutional 75 (includes OA) Treasurer: Jim Keron Life 800 (includes OA) Secretary: Nicole Aszalos Thunder Bay Directors: Nancy Van Sas, Chris Watts, Shari *Effective 2017, the print version of Arch Notes will Prowse and Larry Nielsen President: Clarence Surette cost $20 per year to mail. Those receiving the email KEWA Editors: Christine Dodd, Chris Ellis & Chris Vice-President: Dave Norris version of Arch Notes pay the lower fee. Watts Secretary/Treasurer: Laura Gosse Website: www.ssc.uwo.ca/assoc/oas Director: Bill Ross

ARCH NOTES 26 (1) 24