DOCSLIB.ORG

Certain Biological Relationships Between the Parasite Exorista Mella, and Its Host Estigmene Acrea

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Certain Biological Relationships Between the Parasite Exorista Mella, and Its Host Estigmene Acrea Certain biological relationships between the parasite Exorista mella, and its host Estigmene acrea Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Adam, David Stuart, 1939- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 03/10/2021 20:54:33 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/318219 CERTAIN BIOLOGICAL RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE PARASITE EXORISTA MELLA, AND ITS HOST ESTIGMENE ACREA by • David So Adam A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1968 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the Interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED I APPROVAL BY THESIS DIRECTOR This thesis has been approved on the date shown below: J. A4% / T. F. WATSON ^<y Daten o Assoc. Professor of Entomology ACKNOWLEDGMENTS My sincere gratitude is extended to my advisor and thesis director, Dr, T. F. Watson, for his encouragement and advice throughout this study, I am greatly indebted to Dr, L, A, Carruth and Dr, G, W, Ware for reviewing the manuscript and serving on my graduate committee. ' Special appreciation is expressed to Paul Johnson for his assistance in the laboratory. 1 also wish to acknowledge the assistance of Jeffrey Slosser, Gerald Jubb, Jerry Phillip, and Robert Rush. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES oeeoeooooeooeeeooeooooe.oeeoeeo ABSTRACT eeeeeedeeoeooeeeeoeeoeoftoeeoeeeoeeoeo "V11 INTRODUCTION« .... 1 MATERIALS AND METHODS4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION. ................. 14 Adult Biology of Exorista me11a......... 14 Preoviposition Period.............. 14 Oviposition Period.. 15 Mating Suooess.....o..15 ^ Sex Ratio............oBee.ooooo.oe. ly Feoundity............e.o........... iy Longevity @o.....e.oee..eoo........ 22 Size..........e.oe................. 22 Oviposition Behavior............... 24 Developmental Times of Egg, Larval, and Pupal Stages of Exorista me11a ....... 27 Success and Efficiency of Parasitism Relative to Host Stage .e............. 33 Success and Efficiency of Parasitism Relative to Host Size................. 39 Supe rparas i t ism..,..........,@... 0 8 .0 0 .. 48 SUMMARY...e...... 0 9 .o.O............0 .0 ......6 52 REFERENCES CITED o........... 6...... 53 iv LIST OF TABLES Table page le Distribution by weight of later ins tars of Estlgmene acrea ........... 11 2 o Relationship of adult age to mating success of Exorista me11a 0 0 0 0 0 6 16 3® Relationship of the weight of Estlgmene acrea to the sex of Exorista Hie JL JL8, 0 0 0 0 0 0 &O@ & 66 9 09 9 O06@ &06'0 0 0 9 0 0©®©18 Dry weight of Exorista me11a females in relation to total egg production „« 19 5® Adult longevity and egg production of Exorista me 11a in the laboratory »,<,<=<, 21 6e Effect of host weight and multiparasitism on length and dry weight of Exorista me11a adults ...... 23 ?. Time required for hatching of first Exorista me11a eggs on the host. Estlgmene acrea. at 75=2° + 1.6 F.... 28 8. Duration of larval development of Exorista me11a as affected by molting and survival of Estlgmene acrea ...... 30 9e Duration of combined egg and larval stages of Exorista mella in various sized Estlgmene acrea at 75=2 and 75 ® 7 Fo.ee.o. ................. .... 0 0 e ; 31 10d Stage of Estlgmene acrea at the time of larval Exorista mella emergence ... 34 v vi LIST OF TABLES— Continued Table • Page lie Success of the parasite Exorlsta me11a in relation to the stage of its host Estlgmene acrea ............. .................... , 6 , * 36 120 Mean cumulative daily weight loss of twelve Exorlsta me11a puparla at 75-2 F„* * 37 130 Relation of puparial weight of Exorlsta me11a to weight of larvae and prepupae of Estlgmene acrea 38 14. Relationship of multiple puparlum production of Exorlsta me11a to size and stage of Estlgmene acrea..................e 40 15® Relationship of Exorlsta me11a puparlum mortality and multiple adult emergence to size and stage of Estlgmene acrea ......... 41 16. Influence of host weight of Estlgmene acrea on success of the parasite where parasite entry was observed oo.o.ooooo.o............ 44 17® A comparison of Exorlsta me11a success as a parasite on Estlgmene acrea when oviposition alone was noted and when oviposition plus parasite entry were noted. 46 15. Effect of superparasitism in Estlgmene acrea by Exorlsta me11a where parasite entry was observed .............o.................. 3® ABSTRACT The adult biology of the tachinid fly, Exorlsta me11a (Walk,) was studied in the laboratory. Various aspects of the relationship of this parasite to the salt marsh caterpillar, Estlgmene acrea (Drury), were examined# The mean oviposition period of E, me11a females held at temperatures fluctuating between 72° and 78° F, was 24.8 days. The mean lifetime egg production was 150.6, but varied with female size, Longevity averaged 3800 days for females and 29.5 days for males. E. me11a eggs hatched in 48 to 192 hours at 75° F. Maggot developmental time averaged 6.4 days in those instances where the hosts did not molt after parasite entry. Where host molt took place, developmental time required an average of 12,9 days. At 75°» the mean developmental time in the pupal stage was 10.1 days. When parasite er^try was observed, prepupal and pupal hosts successfully produced parasites twice as often as large larval hosts. Parasites utilized host prepupae as a food source to a much greater extent than host larvae and multiple emergence was much greater from prepupal hosts, Parasite success and multiple parasite emergence were alsc directly related to increasing host siSse. INTRODUCTION Bxorlsta me11a (Walk.) is one of the more non-specific tachinid parasites of lepldopterous larvae0 Schaffner and Griswold (193*0 reared it from 25 host species in the northeastern United States„ Thompson (1944) reported this parasite from 29 hosts in 7 families, while Simpson (1957) listed 4l hosts in 10 families0 The extensive range of this fly has been noted by Coquillett (1897) and others. Simpson (1957) reported the occurrence of adult E. mella across the southern half of Arizona from April to November. Taylor (1952) described it as one of the two most important tachinid parasites of the salt marsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury) in Arizona. Tachina (= Exorlsta) mella was described by Walker in 184-9 but many synonyms were subsequently applied as this fly was recovered from numerous hosts in North America, Thus Townsend (1908) referred to it as Tachina clislocampae after it was reared from Cllslocampa disstria. Lists of generic and specific synonyms are given by Coquillett (I897) and by Sabrosky and A m a u d (1965)0 The European species Exorlsta larvarum (Linn.) was introduced into New England Between 1906 and 19270 Burgess and Crossman (1929) believed the imported and native flies were distinct species, but Aldrich (1931) felt that the two were identical. Schaffner and Griswold referred to the native as E. me11a in 1934, but confusion persisted until the two flies were placed into distinct species by Sabrosky and Arnaud (1965), Since the taxonomy of this parasite is no longer considered questionable the present study was undertaken in the laboratory to clarify the Intricate host-parasite relationship between Estlgmene acrea and E. mella. This was considered as a prerequisite for more complex studies involving this host and parasite! Phases of adult £. mella biology studied included preoviposition and ovipositlon periods, mating success, sex ratio, fecundity, longevity, size, and ovipositlon behavior. Developmental times of egg, larval, and piipal stages of the parasite were recorded. The success and efficiency of parasitism was measured by several criteria. The host stage when para­ sitized was related to percent parasitism success, as well as to multiple parasite emergence; The puparium-to-host weight ratio was used to measure parasite food utilization in larval and prepupal hosts. Host weight at parasite entry was related to percent parasitism success, percent puparial mortality, multiple parasite emergence, and parasite sizee A comparison was made of the difference in parasitism success between hosts where parasite entry was noted and where oviposition alone was noted. Superparasitism was delated to parasite size, parasite Utilization of f6b& and percent parasitism success ® MATERIALS AND METHODS Larvae of the salt marsh caterpillar, Estlgmene acrea (Drury), used In this research were descendants of individuals collected in or near cotton fields in September 1966 and July 1967, near Coolidge, Arizona, Most of the Exorlsta me11a (Walk,) used were descended
Load more

Recommended publications
  • United States National Museum Bulletin 276
    ,*f»W*»"*^W»i;|. SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION MUSEUM O F NATURAL HISTORY UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM BULLETIN 276 A Revision of the Genus Malacosoma Hlibner in North America (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae): Systematics, Biology, Immatures, and Parasites FREDERICK W. STEHR and EDWIN F. COOK SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS CITY OF WASHINGTON 1968 PUBLICATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM The scientific publications of the United States National Museum include two series. Proceedings of the United States National Museum and United States National Museum Bulletin. In these series are published original articles and monographs dealing with the collections and work of the Museum and setting forth newly acquired facts in the field of anthropology, biology, geology, history, and technology. Copies of each publication are distributed to libraries and scientific organizations and to specialists and others interested in the various subjects. The Proceedings, begun in 1878, are intended for the publication, in separate form, of shorter papers. These are gathered in volumes, octavo in size, with the publication date of each paper recorded in the table of contents of the volume. In the Bulletin series, the first of which was issued in 1875, appear longer, separate publications consisting of monographs (occasionally in several parts) and volumes in which are collected works on related subjects. Bulletins are either octavo or quarto in size, depending on the needs of the presentation. Since 1902, papers relating to the botanical collections of the Museum have been published in the Bulletin series under the heading Contributions from the United States National Herbarium. This work forms number 276 of the Bulletin series.
    [Show full text]
  • Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Estigmene Acrea (Drury) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)1 John L
    EENY218 Saltmarsh Caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury) (Insecta: Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)1 John L. Capinera2 Distribution The saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury), is a native insect found throughout the United States. Its distribution extends to Central America, and in Canada it has damaged crops in Ontario and Quebec. As a pest, it is most common in the southern United States, particularly the southwest. Description and Life Cycle A generation can be completed in 35 to 40 days under ideal conditions, but most reports from the field suggest about six weeks between generations. The number of generations per year is estimated at one in the northern states to three Figure 1. Adult saltmarsh caterpillars, Estigmene acrea (Drury). to four in the south. Overwintering reportedly occurs in Credits: John L. Capinera, UF/IFAS the mature larval stage, with pupation early in the spring. Saltmarsh caterpillars usually are infrequent early in the season, but may attain high numbers by autumn. Eggs The eggs are nearly spherical in shape, and measure about 0.6 mm in diameter. Initially they are yellow, but soon become grayish in color. Females commonly produce 400 to 1000 eggs in one or more clusters. It is not unusual to find a single egg cluster containing 1200 eggs. Eggs hatch in four to five days. Figure 2. Eggs of the saltmarsh caterpillar, Estigmene acrea (Drury). Credits: John L. Capinera, UF/IFAS 1. This document is EENY218, one of a series of the Entomology and Nematology Department, UF/IFAS Extension. Original publication date July 2001. Revised March 2013. Reviewed July 2019. Visit the EDIS website at https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu for the currently supported version of this publication.
    [Show full text]
  • Preference for High Concentrations of Plant Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in the Specialist Arctiid Moth Utetheisa Ornatrix Depends on Previous Experience
    Arthropod-Plant Interactions (2013) 7:169–175 DOI 10.1007/s11829-012-9232-1 ORIGINAL PAPER Preference for high concentrations of plant pyrrolizidine alkaloids in the specialist arctiid moth Utetheisa ornatrix depends on previous experience Adam Hoina • Carlos Henrique Zanini Martins • Jose´ Roberto Trigo • Rodrigo Cogni Received: 12 October 2012 / Accepted: 31 October 2012 / Published online: 15 November 2012 Ó Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2012 Abstract Secondary metabolites are one the most per- diet with the high PA concentration, while larvae that were vasive defensive mechanisms in plants. Many specialist pretreated with a high PA diet showed no discrimination herbivores have evolved adaptations to overcome these between future feeding of different PA concentration diets. defensive compounds. Some herbivores can even take We discuss our results using mechanistic and evolutionary advantage of these compounds by sequestering them for approaches. Finally, we discuss how these results have protection and/or mate attraction. One of the most studied important implications on the evolution of plant herbivore specialist insects that sequesters secondary metabolites is interactions and how specialist herbivores may decrease the arctiid moth Utetheisa ornatrix. This species sequesters the levels of chemical defenses on plant populations. pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) from its host plant, the legume Crotalaria spp. The sequestered PAs are used as a Keywords Coevolution Á Crotalaria Á Chemical defense Á predator repellent and as a mating pheromone. We used Diet choice Á Mating choice Á Taste receptors this species to test larval preference for different concen- trations of PAs. We purified PAs from plant material and added them at different concentrations to an artificial diet.
    [Show full text]
  • Deleterious Effects of Low Temperature Exposure on Learning Expression in a Parasitoid
    International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 2006, 19 , 368-385. Copyright 2006 by the International Society for Comparative Psychology Deleterious Effects of Low Temperature Exposure on Learning Expression in a Parasitoid Joan van Baaren Université de Rennes I, France Guy Boivin Centre de Recherche et de Développement en Horticulture Agriculture et Agroalimentaire, Canada Yannick Outreman UMR INRA/Agrocampus Rennes BiO3P, France In this paper, we review the learning capacities of insect parasitoids. We present data on the learning capacity of the parasitoid wasp, Anaphes victus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), in the host (egg) dis- crimination process. In addition, we examine the effect of low temperature exposure on the wasp’s learning. Our results showed that A. victus females learned rapidly to recognize their own chemical cues that they left on the host eggs, and retained this learning from patch to patch. Conspecific chemical cues left on the eggs took more time to be learned, but two learning trials induced a pro- longed memory for the cues. Our results also showed that the use of learned, conspecific chemical cues was more affected by cold exposure than was the use of learned personal cues. Learning in Parasitoids Insect parasitoids develop on or in a single host and kill it (Eggleton & Gaston, 1990). More than 100,000 species of insect parasitoids are known and while 75% of these species are Hymenoptera, the parasitoid lifestyle has evolved also in Diptera (flies), Coleoptera (beetles), Neuroptera (lacewings), Lepidoptera (butterflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies). Learning in parasitoids was demon- strated as early as 1937 by Thorpe and Jones, but research on the topic did not flourish until the end of the 1980s.
    [Show full text]
  • Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) SHILAP Revista De Lepidopterología, Vol
    SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología ISSN: 0300-5267 [email protected] Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología España González, E.; Beccacece, H. M. First record of Dysschema sacrifica (Hübner, [1831]) on Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, vol. 45, núm. 179, septiembre, 2017, pp. 403-408 Sociedad Hispano-Luso-Americana de Lepidopterología Madrid, España Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=45552790005 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative SHILAP Revta. lepid., 45 (179) septiembre 2017: 403-408 eISSN: 2340-4078 ISSN: 0300-5267 First record of Dysschema sacrifica (Hübner, [1831]) on Soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) E. González & H. M. Beccacece Abstract The presence of Dysschema sacrifica (Hübner, [1831]) on soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) is reported for the first time. Larvae of this species were found consuming soybean leaves in soybean fields in Córdoba province, Argentina, and were able to complete their life cycle. Characteristics of adults and larvae are provided for rapid identification in the field. Due to the widespread distribution of this species within the region where soybean is more intensively cultivated in South America, we conclude that D. sacrifica is a potential soybean pest. Further studies on infestation frequency, damage levels and control by natural enemies are needed. KEY WORDS: Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiidae, Dysschema sacrifica , soybean, pest, Argentina. Primer registro de Dysschema sacrifica (Hübner, [1831]) en soja ( Glycine max (L.) Merr) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae) Resumen Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Dysschema sacrifica (Hübner, [1831]) en soja ( Glycine max (L.) Merr).
    [Show full text]
  • Drosophila Suzukii En France Mathilde Poyet
    L’opportunité de niche favorise l’invasion de Drosophila suzukii en France Mathilde Poyet To cite this version: Mathilde Poyet. L’opportunité de niche favorise l’invasion de Drosophila suzukii en France. Evolution [q-bio.PE]. Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2014. Français. NNT : 2014LYO10169. tel-01128298 HAL Id: tel-01128298 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01128298 Submitted on 9 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. *,-(.0(.&9(#0,-#.&/,(,; < *)/,).(#,&!,)./, *#&#.7#)&)!#0)&/.#0;#)&)!#-)*/&.#)(-:)*"2-#)&)!# >@./5&'8G'@ I.00.245-&4 -&%#6.2&3+C&-63&.- -2- 8A@'7A'5'mn?'<@'6">'mklo 529A 667A'5'?8A.7@ F6/7@'A> @>/#'?5/7 8_/>'#@'A> @>/#/ /"'>@ 8_/>'#@>/#' ./5/<<''G7A& F6/7@'A> '7_>7%8/?/5D/7 <<8>@'A> 877>'7 <<8>@'A> "8>@8/>'&'/86)@>/''@&'/858-/'D85A@/D' )<>@'6'7@&' )7)@/=A''@ )786/=A'D85A@/D' =A/<' )7)@/=A''@D85A@/87&'? 7@'>#@/87? 9@'?_>?/@'? ppps7/D'>?/@)5A&''>7>&`G87l qtqmm/55'A>"77'#'&'FT>7#' 7/@)#858-/''@G76/=A'&'?G?@(6'?7@.>8</?)? "8>@8/>'&'/8_)#858-/'&'? 7?'#@'?.G@8<.-'?'@7@868<.-'?
    [Show full text]
  • 000363920800046.Pdf
    UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL DE CAMPINAS SISTEMA DE BIBLIOTECAS DA UNICAMP REPOSITÓRIO DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTIFICA E INTELECTUAL DA UNICAMP Versão do arquivo anexado / Version of attached file: Versão do Editor / Published Version Mais informações no site da editora / Further information on publisher's website: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0141480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141480 Direitos autorais / Publisher's copyright statement: ©2015 by Public Library of Science. All rights reserved. DIRETORIA DE TRATAMENTO DA INFORMAÇÃO Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz Barão Geraldo CEP 13083-970 – Campinas SP Fone: (19) 3521-6493 http://www.repositorio.unicamp.br RESEARCH ARTICLE Feeding on Host Plants with Different Concentrations and Structures of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Impacts the Chemical-Defense Effectiveness of a Specialist Herbivore Carlos H. Z. Martins1,2☯, Beatriz P. Cunha3‡, Vera N. Solferini3‡, José R. Trigo1☯* 1 Laboratório de Ecologia Química, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083–970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Funcional e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6109, 13084–970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil, 3 Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Instituto de Biologia, Unicamp, Caixa Postal 6109, 13083–970, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil ☯ These authors contributed equally to this work. ‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work. * [email protected] OPEN ACCESS Abstract Citation: Martins CHZ, Cunha BP, Solferini VN, Trigo Sequestration of chemical defenses from host plants is a strategy widely used by herbivo- JR (2015) Feeding on Host Plants with Different rous insects to avoid predation. Larvae of the arctiine moth Utetheisa ornatrix feeding on Concentrations and Structures of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids Impacts the Chemical-Defense unripe seeds and leaves of many species of Crotalaria (Leguminosae) sequester N-oxides Effectiveness of a Specialist Herbivore.
    [Show full text]
  • Diptera: Tachinidae): Influence of Adult Food on Female Longevity and Reproduction Capacity
    Journal of Insect Science, (2019) 19(2): 6; 1–6 doi: 10.1093/jisesa/iey122 Research Improvements in the Rearing of the Tachinid Parasitoid Exorista larvarum (Diptera: Tachinidae): Influence of Adult Food on Female Longevity and Reproduction Capacity Maria Luisa Dindo,1,4 Mehran Rezaei,2 and Patrick De Clercq3 1Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences (DISTAL), University of Bologna, Viale Fanin, 42, 40127 Bologna, Italy, 2Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-336 Tehran, Iran, 3Department of Plants and Crops, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 653, B-9000 Gent, Belgium, and 4Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Subject Editor: Muhammad Chaudhury Received 23 August 2018; Editorial decision 2 November 2018 Abstract Exorista larvarum (L.), a polyphagous gregarious larval parasitoid of lepidopterans, can be mass produced both in vivo, using the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) as a factitious host, and in vitro, on artificial media composed of crude components. The present study was focused on another aspect of E. larvarum rearing, namely the influence of adult food on parasitoid performance. The standard food, consisting of lump sucrose and cotton balls soaked in a honey and water solution (1), was compared with other foods or food combinations, namely lump sucrose alone (2), honey and water solution (3), sucrose and water solution either alone (4) or combined with bee-collected pollen (5), and, finally, pollen alone (6). All foods were provided together with distilled water supplied in drinking troughs. Based on the parameters considered (i.e., female longevity, number of eggs laid on host larvae, puparia obtained from eggs, and adults emerged from puparia), pollen alone was deemed to be the most suitable food for adult females of E.
    [Show full text]
  • View the PDF File of the Tachinid Times, Issue 14
    The Tachinid Times ISSUE 14 February 2001 Jim O'Hara, editor Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Systematic Entomology Section Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre C.E.F., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0C6 Correspondence: [email protected] A couple of significant changes to The Tachinid the newsletter before the end of next January. This Times have taken place this year. Firstly, the newsletter newsletter appears first in hardcopy and then on the Web has moved to a new location: http://res2.agr.ca/ecorc/ some weeks later. isbi/tachinid/times/index.htm. Secondly, it is being produced as an Acrobat® PDF (Portable Document Format) Study on the phylogeny and diversity of Higher file for the first time. Though this format may be Diptera in the Northern Hemisphere (by H. Shima) inconvenient for some readers, it has a number of In 1999 I applied to the Japanese Government compelling advantages. It allows me to produce the (Ministry of Education, Science, Culture and Sports) for newsletter faster because there is a one-step conversion a 3-year research grant to fund an international project from a WordPerfect® file with embedded colour images under the general title, "Study on the Phylogeny and to a PDF file. Also, the result is a product that can be Diversity of Higher Diptera in the Northern Hemi- viewed on the Web (using the free Acrobat® Reader that sphere." Funding was approved in 2000 and the first is readily available online), downloaded from the Web, or meeting of the project team was held in Fukuoka at the distributed in hardcopy – each with exactly the same Biosystematics Laboratory of Kyushu University in late pagination and appearance.
    [Show full text]
  • Natural History of the Gila Symposium October 14–16, 2010 Western New Mexico University Silver City, New Mexico
    the new mexico botanist Special Issue Number 3 October 2012 proceedings of the third Natural History of the Gila Symposium October 14–16, 2010 Western New Mexico University Silver City, New Mexico edited by William Norris Department of Natural Sciences, Western New Mexico University Richard Felger University of Arizona Herbarium and Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona 2012 Proceedings of the Third Natural History of the Gila Symposium, October 2010 / The New Mexico Botanist, Special Issue No. 3, October 2012 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Some Things Going On in the Gila National Forest That You May Find Interesting Richard Markley .............................................................................................. 2 For Birds: Dale and Marian Zimmerman Gene Jercinovic ............................................................................................... 6 Visions of Dulcinea Mike Fugagli .................................................................................................15 Box Canyon Road Sharman Apt Russell ........................................................................................17 Exploring the Late Prehistoric Occupation of the Upper Gila Region Through Preservation Archaeology Katherine Dungan, Deborah Huntley, Jeffery Clark, Robert Jones, and Andrew Laurenzi ..............20 Review of Tachinid Fly Diversity in the Gila National Forest, New Mexico James E.
    [Show full text]
  • Cosmosoma Myrodora, Scarlet-Bodied Wasp Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Joseph Mccarthy, Forest Huval, Chris Carlton and Gene Reagan
    Pest Management and Insect Identification Series Cosmosoma myrodora, Scarlet-Bodied Wasp Moth (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) Joseph McCarthy, Forest Huval, Chris Carlton and Gene Reagan Description Larvae of the scarlet-bodied wasp moth are light yellow and are entirely covered in long, thin hairs.The The scarlet-bodied wasp moth is a member of the hairs are yellowish-white with black tips mixed with a few family Erebidae.The species is well known for its striking black hairs, giving it a speckled appearance.The head and coloration and Batesian mimicry. Batesian mimicry refers rear part of the body are darker yellow, along with the to a situation where an otherwise harmless animal legs. imitates the coloration and behavior of a dangerous or inedible animal to avoid predation.The adult has a bright The caterpillar of this species constructs a cocoon red thorax, abdomen and legs.The abdomen includes from its larval hairs to protect the pupa within.The eight visible segments.The first four are red with a black cocoon is transparent, yellow and speckled with small stripe down the middle and metallic blue spots on each black spots. segment.The last four segments are black, each with three metallic blue spots (one in the center and two on Life Cycle either side).The wings are clear with black veins and Females lay eggs on hempvine (Mikania cordifolia or a thick black outline.The head is metallic blue, bearing Mikania scandens), the larval host plant.When the larvae large, black eyes and black antennae with white tips.The emerge, they first eat their egg casings before moving on bright coloration, clear wings and bicolored antennae to the plant itself.After about one week under normal give the moth its “wasp-like” appearance.This mimicry summer conditions in Louisiana, larvae build their is most apparent when it is flying.The fast-moving wings cocoons and pupate.The adult moths emerge after about and warning colors are convincing.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Modern Threats to the Lepidoptera Fauna in The
    MODERN THREATS TO THE LEPIDOPTERA FAUNA IN THE FLORIDA ECOSYSTEM By THOMSON PARIS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2011 1 2011 Thomson Paris 2 To my mother and father who helped foster my love for butterflies 3 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First, I thank my family who have provided advice, support, and encouragement throughout this project. I especially thank my sister and brother for helping to feed and label larvae throughout the summer. Second, I thank Hillary Burgess and Fairchild Tropical Gardens, Dr. Jonathan Crane and the University of Florida Tropical Research and Education center Homestead, FL, Elizabeth Golden and Bill Baggs Cape Florida State Park, Leroy Rogers and South Florida Water Management, Marshall and Keith at Mack’s Fish Camp, Susan Casey and Casey’s Corner Nursery, and Michael and EWM Realtors Inc. for giving me access to collect larvae on their land and for their advice and assistance. Third, I thank Ryan Fessendon and Lary Reeves for helping to locate sites to collect larvae and for assisting me to collect larvae. I thank Dr. Marc Minno, Dr. Roxanne Connely, Dr. Charles Covell, Dr. Jaret Daniels for sharing their knowledge, advice, and ideas concerning this project. Fourth, I thank my committee, which included Drs. Thomas Emmel and James Nation, who provided guidance and encouragement throughout my project. Finally, I am grateful to the Chair of my committee and my major advisor, Dr. Andrei Sourakov, for his invaluable counsel, and for serving as a model of excellence of what it means to be a scientist.
    [Show full text]