INDEX
Abyssal plains, 44 maturation of sediment, 115 Acadian-Caledonide orogeny, 31-32, 118 occurrence of, 92 Accommodation space, 69-70 in Pacific Ocean, 103, 113-15 Acquitaine Basin, 66 sandstone diagenesis in, 92 African continent, 66 sedimentary history of, 114-15 African copperbelt, 203-4, 205 volcanism, 115 African rift valley, 47 Backarc spreading, 199 Airborne radiometry, 195 Backbone Mountain anticline, 111 Alabandite, 147 Backstripping, 5, 23, 40-41 Alberta Basin, 32, 98 Backtracking, 22-23, 31, 51 Albitization, 93, 199 Baeumlerite, 164 Algal limestones, permeability of, 160 Balokinesis, 168 Algoma iron deposits, 141-42, 143, 145 Baltimore Canyon trough, 47 Alleghenian-Hercynian orogeny, 32, 116, 118 Bank erosion, 134 Alluvial fans, 56-57, 136 Baraga Group, 143 wet, 133 Barite, 177 Alum shale, 172-73 mineralization, 177 American Geological Institute, 10 Barium deposits, 7 Amphibolites, 144 in Arkansas, 177, 179 Anadarko Basin, analysis of, 4, % at Meggen, 178, 179-80 Analcite, 192 in Nevada, 177-78, 179 precipitation of, 91 at Selwyn Basin, 178, 180 Anastomosing streams, 58 Barrier islands, 58 Andean-type magmatic arc, 192 Bartlesville sands, 112 Andesitic volcanism, 85 Baselap, 68 Anaerobic zone, 62 Base metals, release of, 168 Anhydrite, 161, 163, 166 Basinal fluid flow, 97 crystals, 162 Basinal shale, 143 nodular, 162 Basin analysis. Seealso Evaporite basin analysis Anhydritization, 165-66 advances in geology, geochemistry, and geophysics, 10 Animikie Basin, 142, 143 computer techniques, 11 Ankerite cement, 93 crustal processes, 10-11 Anorogenic granites, 47, 85, 118-19 laboratory techniques, 11 Anoxia, 85 of Arkoma Basin, 103, 110-13 Anoxic basins, manganese deposits on margins of, 147-56 data sources for, 8, 10 Anoxic bottom brines, 160 definition of, 2 Anoxic events, 18, 199 economic analysis in, 2 Aphthitalite, 166 future of sedimentary geology, 23 Appalachian Basin, 47 heat flux and fluid flow, 22 carboniferous cyclothems of, 79, 89 history of, 21-22 Aragonite, 160 for the mineral industry, 1-13 precipitation, 160 of the North Sea, 103-10 Archean granite and greenstone, 195 ore mineral occurrences and depth of mineralization, 8 Arc migration, 47 as prerequisite to exploration for sediment-hosted ore Argylle fields, 107 deposits, 5 Arkansas, lead, zinc, and barium deposits in, 99, 177, 179 questions asked in, 187 Arkansas Novaculite, 177 role of, in exploration for sediment-hosted ore deposits, 1-5 Arkoma Basin, 32, 47, 98-99 steps in, 23 basin analysis of, 103, 110-13 stratigraphic record, 22-23 hydrogeology of, 99, 101 and synsedimentary deposits, 19-20 Arsenopyrite, 141 as twofold process, 2 Asthenosphere, modeling of, 21 utilization of computer modeling in, 23 Asthenospheric upwelling, 30 variation in ore deposits and basins through geologic time, 8 Athabasca-type uranium deposits, 187, 190 world-class ore deposits, basin type and history, 5-8 Athy depth-porosity curve, 108 Basin-and-range topography, 199 Atlantic-type margins, 44 Basin filL 23, 51-89 Atoka deltas, 113 basin clastic sedimentology and facies, 54-56 Atoka Formation, 111 alluvial fans, 56-57 Auk field, 107 anastomosing streams, 58 Aulacogens, 47, 150 black shales, 62-64 Autocyclic relations, 79-80 braided streams, 57-58 Au-U-bearing quartz pebble conglomerates, 187 coastal barrier island systems, 58 continental shelves, 59-60 Backarc basins, 45, 47 deltas, 59 characteristics of, 114 eolian sand bodies, 58
208
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intertidal flats, 58-59 Black Warrior Basin, 111, 112 meandering streams, 58 Bloedite, 166 sandstone vertical sequences, 61-62 Bohai Basin, 44 submarine fans, 60-61 Bonanza gas field, 112 basin stratigraphy, 64 Borden Siltstone, 66 cratonic sequences, 64-66 Brabant massif, 104 critique of sea-level curves, 73-78 Braided streams, 57-58, 136 impact of sea-level analysis on stratigraphic concepts, 78 Brent Sands, 107 sea-level evolution, 68-73 Broad depositional systems, 67 seismic stratigraphy, 66-68 Brucite, 162 transgressive-regressive sequences, 79-80 Brushy Basin Members, 192 global sedimentary cycles, 80-83 Bunter Sands, 106 Milankovitch cycles, 87 Burial history, 92 Phanerozoic supercycles, 83-87 Buried topography, 98 paleogeography, 51 modem principles, 51-52 Cahuasas Formation, 154 paleo-distribution of carbonate rocks, 52, 54 Calcite, 190-91 paleo-upwelling, 52 Calcite Compensation Depth (CCD), 81, 115 Basin-forming processes, 23, 25-41 Calcite/gypsum couplets, 165 flexural subsidence, 31-34 Calcrete, 195 intraplate stress, 34-36 Cambrian onlap, 80 isostasy, 25-27 Carbonate rocks, 52 tectonic subsidence and geohistory analysis, 36-41 paleo-distribution of, 52, 54 thermal subsidence, 27-31 Carbon deposits, accumulation of, in cratonic basins, 171-75 Basin-forming tectonics, 45 Carbon dioxide, 84-85 Basin geodynamics, 23, 25-41, 43 Carboniferous cyclothems, 79, 80 Basin hydrogeology, 97-101 Carbon Preference, 95 Basin maturation, 91 Carboxylic acids, and generation of secondary porosity, 94 basin hydrogeology, 97-101 Carnallite, 162, 163 definition of, 91 saturation, 162-63 organic geochemistry, 95-96 Carnotite, precipitation of, 195 sandstone diagenesis, 91-95 Castile Formation, 160 Basin-modifying tectonics, 45 Castile reef, closing of, 160 Basin sedimentology and stratigraphy. See Basin fill Cation loading, 192 Basin stratigraphy, 64 Catskill Delta, 63-64 cratonic sequences, 64-66 Central Appalachian basin, 31 critique of sea-level curves, 73-78 Central Graben, 107 impact of sea-level analysis on stratigraphic concepts, 78 Chamosite, 143, 154 sea-level evolution, 68-73 Chamositic iron ores, 105 seismic stratigraphy, 66-68 Changing plate stress, 35-36 transgressive-regressive sequences, 79-80 Charge factor, 48 Battery-active supergene cappings, 155-56 Chattanooga (Devonian) shales, 62 Beach environment of placer enrichment, 133 Chemistry, whole-rock, 180-81 Benue trough of Nigeria, 47 Chert, Slaven, 177 Berea Formation, 63 Chinese basins, 45 Berthierine, 143 Chinese black shales, 173 Biochemical reactions, role of in sandstone diagenesis, 93-94 Chloritic alteration, 190 Biogenic pelagic facies, 114-15 Chlorite, 154 Biogeography, 51 Chronostratigraphic chart, 68 Biostratigraphy, 64 Chronostratigraphic diagram, 72 Biota in an evaporite basin, 160 Cincinnati arch, 63 Bischofite, 164 Clastics, 162 Bitumen/Organic Carbon ratio, 95 Clastic sedimentology, 18, 52 Black rock exploration, 155 current status of, 54-64 Black Sea Clay fraction, 162 oxygen concentration in seawater, 62 Clay intercalations, 162 vertical profile of, 147 Climate Black shales, 62-64, 187 influence of, on ore accumulations in sedimentary basins, 87-89 case studies, 172 as paleogeographic phenomenon, 51-52 alum shale, 172-73 Clinoptilolite, 192 Chinese black shales, 173 Clinoptylolite, precipitation of, 91 New Albany Shale, 173 Clinton iron deposits, 141, 142-43, 144 Pennsylvanian black shales, 174-75 Coal, 52 chemical properties of, 171-72 carboniferous, 104 cyclic recurrence of, 80 influence of climate on deposits of, 87-89 definitionof, 171 Coastal barrier island systems, 58 metalliferous, 171 Coastal barrier sediment systems, preservation potential of, 79 origin of, 62 Coastal eolian deposits, 134 in stratified basins, 149 Coastal onlap, 68
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Cod Sands, 107 Dolomites, 167 Coffinite, 195 Douglasite, 163 Colorado plateau type uranium mineralization, 191-93 Downlap, 68 Colton sequences, 66 Dysaerobic zone, 62 Compaction, 36-37 Compaction-driven flow, 99 Economic basement, 45, 103 Computer modeling Economic geology, 17, 47-48, 103 in basin analysis, 23 Edelfisk field, 107 for geologic applications, 11 Ekofiskfield, 107 in paleogeography, 51 Electric logs, 3 Concordance, 68 Electromagnetic techniques, 4 Conodont alteration index, 11 Elliot Lake uraninites, 187, 188, 189 Continental extension, models for, 29 Entrainment component of placer enrichment, 134 Continental paleopositions, computer refinement of, 51 Entrainment equivalence, 131-32 Continental shelves, 59-60 Eolian environment, 133-34 Convergent margin, 43 of placer deposits, 134 Copper Eolian sand bodies, 58 African copperbelt, 203-4, 205 Epigenetic processes, 1 comparison, 204 Epigenetic trace mineralization, 8 exploration, 204-5 Epsomite, 166 Kupferschiefer, 199-201 Erosional truncations, 67 White Pine, 201-3 Evaporite basin analysis. Seealso Basin analysis Copper Harbor Conglomerate of the Oronto Group, 202, 203 climatic constraints, 159 Copper mineralization, 201 heat effects, 160 "Core" shale, 79 initial marine precipitation Coriolis effect, 52, 159 anhydritization, 165-66 Correlation diagrams, 115 aragonite precipitation, 160 Cratonic basins, 7, 43, 44-45, 150 area of water surface, 164-65 accumulation of carbon and metals in, 171-75 basin configuration and facies distribution, 164-65 origin of, 118-19 biota in an evaporite basin, 160 thermal histories of, 7 clastics, 162 Cratonic sag, 44 clay fraction, 162 Cratonic sequences, 64-66 cyclicity of deposition, 165 Crustal processes, 10-11 depth estimates, 165 Crustal rigidity, 31-32 disposal of the magnesium surplus, 167 Crustal stretching, determining magnitude of, 41 effluents, 167-68 Cryophile, 160 epigenetic alterations, 165-66 Cryptomelane, 151 evolution of evaporites, 164 Cuanza Basin, 163 fate of organic matter, 167-68 fluid inclusions, 167 Damara Orogen, 144 gypsum precipitation, 160-62 D'ansite, 166 marine chloride deposits, 162-64 Dead Sea evaporites, 47 porosity and permeability, 165 Decompaction, 23, 38-39 precipitation sequence, 162-63 Deep marine basins, syngenetic deposition from exhaled brines red and white camallites, 163 in, 177-84 release of base metals, 168 Deep Sea Drilling Project, 43, 73-74, 80-81, 114 removal of silica, 167 Deep-sea trenches, 45 repositories of organic matter, 168 Deformation, 33 salt domes, 166-67 Delithification, 23 seepage, 167 Deltas, 59, 93, 105 significance of precipitation rates, 164 Denver Basin, 47 site of potash deposits, 163 Depositional sequence, 45, 67 sulfatization, 166 defining, 68 synsedimentary subsidence, 164 Detrital sedimentology, 149 tachyhydrite, 163-64 Devonian Ohio Shale, 63 interface between inflow and outflow, 159-60 Diagenesis. Seealso Basin maturation intracontinental basins, 159 sandstone, 91-95 marine basins, 159 upper thermal limit of, 1 Evaporite deposits, 20 Diagenetic deposits Evaporites, 52 of copper, 104, 199-205 Excess heat flow, consequences of, 85 sequential evolution of, 17 Extension, model of, 29-30 Diagenetic mineral assemblages, 19 Diagenetic overprint, 51 Facies architecture, technique of, 62 Diagenetic processes, 1, 8 Far-field tectonics, 34-35, 43 Diamictites, 143-44 Fault patterns and rift basin geometry, 106 Differentialcementation, 74 Fe-chlorite, 162 Distinct boundary classes, 67-68 Ferro-magnesian minerals, 200 Divergent margin,43 Field mapping, 144-45
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Findlay Arch, 96 Halloysites, 162 Flexural subsidence, 31-34 Hamersley Basin, 142, 143 Flexure basins, 47 Heat flow, 92 Fluid inclusion thermometry, 11 in the North Sea, 109 Fluid migration, role of heat flow in causing, 92 and oceanic crust, 85-86 Fluorite, 177 role of, in causing fluid migration, 92 Fluvial detritus, 138 Heat flux Fluvial environment, 133 and fluid flow, 22 Fluviodeltaic FA Formation, 190 and plate configurations, 85 Forearc basins, 45, 47 Hebrides Basin, 47 Foreland basins, 45, 47 Helen Iron Formation of Ontario, 141 Forties field, 107 Hematite, 163 Francevillian Series, 190 Hematization, 199 Freda Sandstone, 202 Herringbone cross-stratification, 143 Frigg field, 107 Heulandite, precipitation of, 91 Frigg Sands, 107 Highstand systems tract, 70, 72 Hilton ore body, 4 Gamma-ray logs, 195 Holocene barrier island succession, 65 Gas fields, in North Sea, 106-7 Holocene stratigraphy, 76 Genetic depositional units, identification of, 67 Horizontal brine movements, 165 Geochemical basin classification, 23 Hot spot theory, 85 versus tectonic basin classification, 47-79 Howard's Pass deposit, 178 Geochemical precipitates, 7 Huntite, 160 Geochemistry, 180 Hutton field, 107 sulfur isotopes, 181-83 Hydraulic equivalence, 131 whole-rock chemistry, 180-81 entrainment equivalence, 131-32 Geodynamic modeling, 45 placer enrichment by, 132 Geodynamic processes of basin evolution, 45 by sequential operation, 132-33 Geodynamics, 21 settling equivalence, 131 Geographic Information Systems (GIS), 11 transport equivalence, 132 Geological reconstructions from seismic data, 67 Hydraulic trap, 98 Geophysical exploration, 155-56 Hydromagnesite, 166 for placer deposits, 138 Hydrothermal systems, fluid flow in, 4 Geophysical modeling, 21 Hydrous carbonates, 160 Geophysical techniques, 4 Hygroscopic brines, 162 Geosynclinal theory, 43 Glacial deposits, 52 Icehouse climates, alternation of, 84 Glaciolacustrine environments, 133 Icehouse events, 84 Glauconite, 19 Igneous rocks, 52 Global sedimentary cycles, 80-83 Illinois Basin, 28, 33-34, 45, 48 Milankovitch cycles, 87-89 basin analysis of, 103, 115-18 Phanerozoic supercycles, 83-87 hydrogeology of, 99, 101 Goergeyite, 166 Illinois-Kentucky Fluorspar District, 3, 7 Gold, in Witwatersrand Basin, 1, 137 Illites, 162 Grand Conglomerat Formation, 203-4 Ilmenite, polarization response of, 138 Granite emplacement, 85 !mini deposit, 151, 155 Granite emplacement curve, 85 Impedance factor, 48 Granite-forming processes, 85 Inorganic geochemistry, 3 Granite plutons, 85 Inorganic mineral phase diagrams, 11 Grants Uranium District, 191, 192-93, 194 Institut Franc;ais du Petrol (IFP), 11 Gravity-driven flow, concept of, 98-99 Intertidal flats, 58-59 Great Basin, 45 Intra-arc basin, 47 Greenalite dominate, 143 Intracontinental basins, 159 Greenhouse effects, 84, 85 Intraplate stress, 34-36 Greenhouse-icehouse cyclicity, evaluation of, 85 Inversion, effectsof, 35 Green River Shale, 168 Inversion tectonics, 35 Greenstone belts, 143, 145 Iron, geochemical similarities between manganese and, 147 Groote Eylandt deposit, 149, 151-53 Iron ore deposits, 141 Groundwater-derived crystals, 159 exploration, 144-45 Growth faults, 93 tectonic setting Gulf Coastal Plain sandstones, diagenesis in, 92-93 Algoma type, 143 Gypsum, 160, 165 Clinton type, 144 dehydration of, 166 Lake Superior type, 143 precipitation, 160-62 Rapitan type, 143-44 vertical sequence Hadley cells, 52 Algoma type, 141-42 Halite, 160, 162, 163, 164 Clinton type, 142-43 precipitation of, 104 Lake Superior type, 142 saturation, 164 Rapitan type, 142
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Isostasy, 25-27 Magnetite-ilmenite, 200 lvashak Formation, 93 Magnetometer investigations, 144 Manganese, 18, 183 Jacobina occurrences, 187 basin context-depositional basin, 147-50 Jacobsville Sandstone, 202 basin context-structural basin, 150-51 James facies progression, 141 exploration, 155-56 Johns Valley Shale, 111 geochemical similarities between iron and, 147 Jurassic, 107, 108 Groote Eylandt deposit, 151-53 Molango deposit, 153-54 Kainite, 166 Precambrian deposits, 154-55 Kalahari deposits, 154 sedimentary geochemistry, 147 Kansas cyclothems, 79, 88-89 types of deposits, 147 Kaolinite, 162 Manganese oxide, precipitation of, 149, 151 Katanga Series, 203 Mantle-driven intrinsic processes, 84 Khorat Basin, 163 Mariana ridge, 45 Kieserite, 166 Mariana trench, 45, 47 Kimmeridge Clay, % Marine basins, 159 Kimmeridgian-Portlandian facies, 105 Marine chloride deposits, 162-64 Kimmeridgian-Portlandian shales, 107 Marl Slate, 199 Kitchen concept in organic geochemistry, 95 Massive precipitation, solution interfaces as loci of, 17-18 Komatiites, 141 Matinenda Formation, 188, 189 Kremersite, 163 Maturation, of backarc basin sediments, 115 Kriner Hills, 111 Maturation processes, 47-48 Kundelungu Group, 204 Meandering streams, 58 Kundelungu Supergroup, 203 Mecca Quarry Shale, 174 Kungsan Basin, 44-45 Meggen, lead, zinc, and barium deposits at, 178, 179-80 Kupferschiefer Mesotidal coasts, barrier islands along,58 copper deposits in, 199-201, 204 Mesozoic aragonite, 160 hematitic alteration zones in, 204-5 Mesozoic-Cenozoic basin, 44 mineralization in, 104, 200 Mesozoic-Tertiary paleogeography, 104-5 Kuroko deposits, 1, 115 Messinian evaporites, 164-65 Kyushu and Palau ridge, 4 Mg-chlorites, 162 Michigan Basin, 28, 45, 66 Labile minerals, weathering of, 135 Microtidal coasts, barrier islands along, 58 Labrador trough, 144 143 Midcontinent Rift, 204 deposits, 141 Mid-oceanic ridge rift basins, 47 Lacustrine deposits, 159 Mid-ocean ridges, 87 Lagerkalk, 178 Migration factor, 48 Lake Superior, iron deposits in, 142, 143 Milankovitch cycles, 87-89 Langbeinite, 166 Mineral exploration, 2-3 Laramide deformation, 192 paleohydrology, 3 Lateral migration, 48 Mineral industry, basin analysis for, 1-13 Lawrence uplift, 111 Minette iron deposits, 141 Lead deposits, 7, 168 Mississippi Delta, 79 in Arkansas, 177, 179 evolution of, 113 at Meggen, 17� 179-80 Mississippi fan, 61 in Nevada, 177-78, 179 Moanda deposit, 154-55 at Selwyn Basin, 178, 180 Molango deposit, 150, 153-54 Linear processes, 87 Molybdenum, 195 Listric faults, 30 Monazite, radioactivity of, 138 Lithogeochemical exploration, 155 Monocline, 98 Loeweite, 166 Montmorillonite, 162 Longer term periodic volcanism, 84 Moray Firth Basin, 105 Lopatin-type burial history diagrams, % Moray Firth Graben, 105 Lorrain Formation, 189 Morrison Formation, 192 Los Angeles Basin, 29, 47, 48 Moscovite, 162 Lower Earn Group, 178 Moscow Basin, 66 Lowstand fan systems tract, 70 Mudstones, 172-73 Lowstand wedge systems tract, 70-71 Mufulira, 204 Lubin district, 199
Maastrichtian-Danian Chalks, 107 Nevada, lead, zinc, and barium deposits in, 177-78, 179 Macmillan Pass, 178 New Albany (Devonian) shales, 64 63, 173 Macrotidal coasts, intertidal flats along, 58-59 Nodular anhydrite, 162 Magmatic hydrothermal deposits, 1 Nonesuch Formation, 202, 203 Magnesite, 160 Nonrecurring event, 87 Magnesium surplus, disposal of, 167 Nonseismic geophysical data, 4 Magnetite, 144, 145, 154, 192 Nonseismic geophysical techniques, 3 magnetism of, 138 Normally charged basin, 48
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North Sea, 28 Palygorskite, 162 basin analysis of, 103-10 Pannonian Basin, 44, 45 North Sea stress field, 35 Paragenesis of mineral changes, 91 North Shore Volcanics, 201 Paris Basin, 28 Novaculite, 177 Pascola arch, 116 uplift of, 99 Ocean backarc basins, occurrence of, 92 Pelagic cycles, 81 Oceanic Anoxic Events (OAEs), 18, 63, 85, 149 analysis of fluctuations, 81 Oceanographic studies of black shales, 62 Pelagic sedimentary record, 84 Oil entrapment, and gravity flow, 98 Pelagic sediments, 81 Oil field maturation, 115 Pelly-Cassiar shelf carbonate, 180 Oil window Pennines, 104-5 definition of, 95-96 Pennsylvanian, 111 examples of, 96 Pennsylvanian cyclothems, 79, 88-89, 89 Okinawa trough, 44 black shales in, 64, 174-75 Oklahoma aulacogen, 47 Perisutural basins, 45 Oklo type uranium mineralization, 190-91 Permeability, as directional property, 97 Oligotaxic conditions, 83 Permian rift sequence, 199 Oligotaxic events, 81, 82 Petrographical analysis of Witwatersrand, 187-89 Oligotaxic times, 82 Petroleum industry, emphasis on maturation and migration in, 91 Olympic Dam, 187 Phanerozoic deposits Onlap, 68 Colorado plateau type, 191-92 Onlap signature, 80 basin and the basin fill, 192 significance of, 69 diagenetic sequence, 192 Oolites, 151 exploration, 192-93 Oolitic ironstones, 144 roll-front type, 193-94 Ophiolites, 52, 141 basin and the basin filL 194 Orcadian Basin, 103 diagenesis and mineralization, 194 Ordovician rocks of the Bathurst area, 141 exploration, 195 Ore deposits and basins, variation in, through geologic time, 8 Phanerozoic model, 154-55 Ore fluids, 3 Phanerozoic supercycles, 83-87 Ore-forming processes, 1 Phase diagrams, 11 Ore shale, 203 Photosynthesis, 85 Organic geochemistry, 3, 48, 95-96 Picromerite, 166 and criteria for basin classification, 43, 48-49 Pimienta Formation, 154 Organic matter Piper Sands, 107 fate of, 167-68 Pisolites, 151 repositories of, 168 Placer deposits, 131 Organic matter diagenesis, effects of, 94 basin context, 135-36 Organic matter maturation indicators, 11 definition of, 131 Organic maturation, 93 environments of placer formation Oronto Group clastics, 202 deposition, 133-34 Ouachitas, 111 preservation, 134 Oxic carbonate deposits, 150, 151 exploration, 138-39 Oxidation state, 82 mechanism of placer formation, 131 Oxide type of deposit, 149 entrainment equivalence, 131-32 Oxygen, vertical distribution of dissolved, in seawater, 62 placer enrichment by settling equivalence, 132 Oxygen isotope analyses of the zeolite phases, 91-92 settling equivalence, 131 Oxygen-minimum layer, 62 transport equivalence, 132 Ozark dome, uplifting of, 113 predepositional factors in placer formation, 134-35 Quaternary shoreline placer deposits, 137 Pacific Ocean Backarc Basins, basin analysis of, 103, 113-15 Witwatersrand placer deposits, 136 Paleobathymetry Placer enrichment relative, 67 by sequential operation of different equivalence laws, 132-33 use of, in making water depth correction, 39-40 by settling equivalence, 132 Paleoclimate, 20 Placer gold, occurrences of, 58 role of, in mineral deposition, 20 Placer mineralization, 187 Paleocurrent mapping, 33 Plate movement, 85 Paleogeography, 51, 67 Plate stress, role of, 76 Mesozoic-Tertiary, 104-5 Plate tectonics, 21-22, 43. Seealso Tectonics modern principles of, 51-52 advent of, 51 new developments of, 74-75 basin classifications, 43-45 paleo-distribution of carbonate rocks, 52, 54 consequence of, 22-23 paleo-upwelling, 52 Play analysis flow diagram, 4 Paleohydrology, 3 Point Pleasant member of the Trenton Limestone, 96 Paleolatitude, 23 Polyhalite, 166 Paleomagnetic restorations, 51 Polyhistory basins, 45, 47 Paleoplacer Au/U deposits, 187-89 Polytaxic conditions, sedimentary consequences of, 83 Paleoposition, 23 Polytaxic events, 81
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Polytaxic-oligotaxic cyclicity, indicator of, 82 Roll-front type uranium deposits, 193-95 Porosity, correlation of with depth, 97 Ross Creek Fault, 110-11 Portage Lake lava series, 201, 202 Rote Faule areas, 200 Potash deposits, 163 Rotliegendes, 106, 199 Potassium feldspar, dissolution of, 93 clastics, 202 Potentiometric, definition of, 97 interval, 104 Powder Mill Group, 201 Russian cratonic sequences, 66 Powder River Basin, 48 Ruth Shale, 141 Precambrian deposits, 154-55 Ryukyu trench, 44 Precipitation analcite, 91 Sag, 44 aragonite, 160 Sahara Basin, 66 carnotite, 195 St. George Basin, 47 catalyzation of, by biochemical processes, 147 St. George's Island, 104 clinoptylolite, 91 Sakonnakon Basin, 163 gypsum, 160-62 Salt domes, 166-67 heulandite, 91 Sandstone diagenesis, 91-95 manganese oxide, 149, 151 Sandstone vertical sequences, 61-62 pyrite, 195 San Juan Basin, 192 uranium, 194, 195 Santiago Formation, 154 Precipitation sequence, 162-63 Saturation shelves, 164 Predepositional factors in placer formation, 134-35 Sea Drilling Project, 80-81 Pre-Mesozoic crust basin, 44 Sea-floor spreading rate, 84 Preserved stratigraphic record, 22 Sea-level analysis, impact on stratigraphic concepts, 78-80 Progradation, 58, 59 Sea-level curves Proterozoic deposits critique of, 73-78 Athabasca-type, 190 as index of plate activity, 84 Oklo-type Sea-level evolution, 68-73 diagenetic history, 190-91 Sea-level rise, 79 exploration, 191 Sea of Japan, 47 vertical sequence, 190 Seawater/brine interface, 160 Provenance, role of, 92 Secondary porosity, 91 Pull-apart basins, 45, 47 Sedimentary and ore-forming processes, effects on, 3 Pure shear, verificationof, 30-31 Sedimentary basins, 23 Pycnocline, 62, 160 classification, 23, 43-49 Pyrite, 154, 168, 187, 204 basin types, 46-47 precipitation of, 195 criteria, 45-46 Pyrite-calcite assemblage, 19 plate tectonic basin classifications, 43-45 Pyrolusite, 151 tectonic versus geochemical basin classification, 47-49 Pyrrhotite, 141 Sedimentary cyclic phenomena, modern analysis of, 80-81 Sedimentary geochemistry of manganese, 147 Quartz cementation, 190 Sedimentary geology, future of, 23 Quaternary shoreline placer deposits, 137-38 Sedimentary processes, 1-2 sequential evolution of synsedimentary and diagenetic ore Radiometric dating techniques, 11 deposits, 17 Rammelsberg, 178, 182 stratigraphic column as successive equilibria, 18-19 deposits in, 180 synsedimentary deposits and basin analysis, 19-20 Rapitan iron deposits, 142, 143-44, 145 Sedimentary rocks Reaction path geochemical models, 11 and basin hydrogeology, 97-101 Red Sea Rift, 30-31 and organic geochemistry, 95-96 Reduced carbonate facies, 150 sandstone diagenesis, 91-95 Reefs, 98 Sedimentation, 1 Reelfoot Rift Rough Creek Graben system, 7 Sediment cyclicity, origin of, 80 Regional diagenetic overprinting, 51 Sediment-hosted ore deposits, 1 Resultant precipitation, 18 role of basin analysis in exploration for, 1-5 Resurgent basin, 47 Sediment loading, 36 Resurgent tectonics, 33 Sedimentology, 21 Rhine graben, 47 Sediment yield, 76-77 Rhodochrosite, 150 Seismic data, acquisition of, 3 Rhyodacitic flows, 199 Seismic facies analysis, 68 Ridge basin, 47 Seismic reflectors, geometry of, 67 Rift basins, 46-47 Seismic sections, analysis of, 67 copper as product of diagenesis in, 199-205 Seismic sequence, definition of, 78 Rinneite, 163 Seismic stratigraphy, 21, 66-68 Road River Formation, 178 Selwyn Basin, lead, zinc, and barium deposits in, 178, 180, 181 Roan Group, 203, 204 Sequence analysis, 67 Rock salt, 165, 168 Sequence stratigraphy, 64 Rocky Mountain foreland basin, 33 definition of, 67 Rokuehnite, 163 Selenium, 195
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Sergipe Basin, 163 Tachyhydrite, 163-64 Settling equivalence, 131 Taman Formation, 154 placer enrichment by, 132 Target minerals, occurrences of, 8 Shaba-Roan interval, 203-4 Tectonic basin classification, 23 Shaba Supergroup, 203 versus geochemical basin classification, 47-49 Shale-hosted deposits of lead, zinc, and barium, 7, 177 Tectonic history, 51 exploration, 183 of basin evolution, 92 geochemistry, 180 effects of in sandstone diagenesis, 93 sulfur isotopes, 181-83 Tectonic reactivation, 44 whole-rock chemistry, 180-81 Tectonics, 85. See also Plate tectonics tectonic setting, 178-79 inversion, 35 in Arkansas, 179 Tectonic subsidence analysis, 36-41, 45, 108, 109, 115, 117 in Nevada, 179 Tentaculites Shale, 178 at �eggen, 179-80 Tepexic Formation, 154 at Selwyn Basin, 180 Tetzintla, 153-54 vertical sequence Thenardite, 166 in Arkansas, 177 Thermal decay, behavior of, 28-29 at �eggen, 178 Thermal diffusivity, Soret coefficient of, 160 in Nevada, 177-78 Thermal fluid migration, 115 at Selwyn Basin, 178 Thermal modeling, 22 Shelf margin systems tract, 72 Thermal subsidence, 27-31 Shikoku Basin, 47 in the Illinois Basin, 116 Shoreline enrichment, 134 Tidal flat sedimentation patterns, zoning of, 58-59 Siderite, 141, 142 Tide-dominated (continental) shelves, 60 Sloss boundaries, correlation of, 66 Tillites, 52 Sloss sequences, 66 Time-rock stratigraphy, 64 Solution geochemistry, 131 Time-temperature index (TTl), 95-96 Solution interfaces, as loci of massive precipitation, 17-18 Tintina fault zone, 180 Soret coefficient of thermal diffusivity, 160 Titanium mineral-zircon-monazite assemblage, 135 Sphalerite, 168 Titano-magnetite, 192 Stanley Shale, 177 Toplap, 68 Staurolite, 162 Toplap signature, 68 Steer's head basin, origin of, 28 Torg field, 107 Stokes' law, 131 Tourmaline, 162 Storm-derived reef debris, 160 Trace mineral analysis, 8 Storm-dominated shelves, 60 Trachybasalt flows, 199 Strand plains, 93 Transform margins, 43, 47 Stratification, 18 Transgressive-regressive sequences, 79-80 Stratigraphic concepts, impact of sea-level analysis on, 78 Transgressive sequence, 65 Stratigraphic record, 22-23 Transgressive systems tract, 71-72 Stratigraphy, 21 Transport equivalence, 132 Submarine fans, 60-61 Transpressional basins, 47 Subsidence Transvaal Basin, 142 flexural, 31-34 Trench basin, 47 thermal, 27-31, 116 Trench slope basin, 47 Successor basin, 47 Triassic basins, 47, 48 Sulfatization, 166 Triassic Hewett Sands, 106 Sulfur isotopes, 181-83, 202, 205 Triassic rifting, 200 Supercharged basin, 48 Triassic strata, 200 Supercontinent accretion, 84, 118-19 Turbidites, 66, 111 Supergene enrichment, 144 graywacke, 141 Sylvite, 160, 162, 163 Turbidity currents, 60 Synclinorium, 28, 32 Syngenetic deposition, 1 Uinta Basin, 47 iron ore, 141-45 Ultramafic flows, 141 manganes� 147-56 Unconformities, 98 placer, 131-39 Undercharged basin, 48 Syngenetic trace mineralization, 8 United States Geological Survey, 8 Syngenite, 166 Upper Atokan Hartshorne, 112 Synsedimentary deposits, 17 Upper boundaries, 67-68 and basin analysis, 19-20 Uraninite, 187, 195 sequential evolution of, 17 radioactivity of, 138 Systems tract, 69 Uranium definitionof, 70 occurrences of, 58 highstand, 70, 72 paleoplacers and the nature of the early atmosphere, 187 lowstand, 70 detrital nature of mineralization, 187 lowstand wedge, 70-71 modern versus ancient occurrences, 185-89 shelf margin, 72 Phanerozoic deposits: Colorado plateau type, 191-92 transgressive, 71-72 basin and the basin filL 192
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diagenetic sequence, 192 Water depth correction, use of paleobathymetry in, 39-40 exploration, 192-93 Waverly arch, 32 Phanerozoic deposits: roll-front type, 193-94 Weathering, 135 basin and the basin fill, 194 of labile minerals, 135 diagenesis and mineralization, 194 West EkofiskField, 107 exploration, 195 Western Interior of North America, 66 Proterozoic deposits: Oklo type, 190 Western Siberian Basin, 66 diagenetic history, 190-91 West Philippine Basin, 47 exploration, 189, 191 Westwater Canyon rocks, 192 vertical sequence, 190 Wet alluvial fans, 133 precipitation, 194, 195 White Pine, copper deposits in, 201-3, 204-5 relationship of age to type of deposit, 187 Whole-rock chemistry, 180-81, 187 surficial deposits, 195 Williston Basin, 35, 66 in Witwatersrand Basin, 137 Wilson cycle, 45, 87 Witwatersrand, 187 gold deposits in, 1, 137 Vadose weathering, 194 placer deposits in, 58, 136-37 Vanthoffite, 166 quartzites in, 187-88 Variscan front, 103-4 uranium deposits in, 137, 187, 188 Variscan massifs, 105 Woodford Shale, %, 113 Variscan Orogeny, 199 World-class ore deposits, basin type and history, 5-8 Ventersdorp Contact Reef, 137 Ventura Basin, 47 Zechstein chlorides, 165 Vertical migration, 48 Zechstein evaporites, 165, 200, 201 Vertical seismic profiling, 3 Zechsteinkalk, 200 Viburnum trend, 8 Zechstein producing fields, 107 Viking graben, 28, 47, 105, 106, 108 Zechstein salt deposits, 104 analysis of, 32-33 Zechstein sequence, evaporites of, 199 Vitrinite, 192 Zechstein strata, 199-200 reflectance, 11 Zeolite formation, temperatures of, 92 Volcaniclastic sandstones, downhole diagenesis of, 91-92 Zeolites, 192 Volcanic sands, sandstone diagenesis in, 92 Zerobic zone, 62 Volcanism, 83 Zinc deposits, 7, 168 longer term periodic, 84 in Arkansas, 177, 179 as source of carbon dioxide, 85 at Meggen, 178, 179-80 Volcanogenic events, changing periodicities of, 83 in Nevada, 177-78, 179 Volga-Ural Basin, 66 at Selwyn Basin, 178, 180 Vufulira, 203 Zircon, 162
Downloaded from http://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/books/book/chapter-pdf/3807775/9781629490120_backmatter.pdf by guest on 28 September 2021 Selected conversion factors*
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