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Hph 2006/2007 HPH Schweiz/Suisse/Switzerland, 2006/2007 HPH HIGH PERFORMANCE HORSES SCIENTIFIC NEWS sponsored by TWYDIL® A DIVERSIFICATION OF THE SOURCES OF NUTRITIVE ELEMENTS COMBINED WITH INGREDIENTS TO STABILIZE INTESTINAL FLORA, HELPS TO STRENGTHEN GROWING HORSES. Dr Brieuc de Moffarts (DVM, Ms, PhD). HPH 06/07 HPH HIGH PERFORMANCE HORSES SCIENTIFIC NEWS sponsored by TWYDIL® Editor: Pavesco AG – TWYDIL® Print: Offsetdruck Grauwiller Partner AG Elisabethenstrasse 54 CH-4410 Liestal CH-4010 Basel Copyright: Reprints as well as partial reprints of text Photographers: APRH, Chantilly, France allowed with indication of reference only : Agence Dollar, Le Faulq, France «TWYDIL® HPH 06/07». Sébastien Cox, Liège, Belgium Copy requested. Temps de poses, Ath, Belgium Copyrights of pictures belong to the Trevor Jones, Worlington, UK photographers. Gilly Wheeler, UK Bildagentur Valeria Streun, Oberhasli, Switzerland Robert Bösch, Oberägeri, Switzerland 1 HPH 06/07 Contents Page A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT 3 EVALUATION OF AN ORAL SUPPLEMENT ENRICHED WITH GLUCOSAMINE AND CHONDROITINE SULPHATE ON THE JOINT ENZYMATIC BALANCE IN YOUNG HORSES 4 WHERE WILL DUBAI STOP? 11 SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS FOR HOT COUNTRIES 14 UPDATED SCIENTIFIC INFORMATION ON NUTRITIONAL MANAGEMENT OF ENDURANCE ARABIAN HORSES 17 EVALUATION OF A SPECIFIC PROGRAMME FOR ENDURANCE HORSES 20 NEW ANTI-DOPING PRECAUTIONS 26 NEW TWYDIL® DIRECTOR OF PRODUCTION 29 RESPIRATORY TROUBLES 30 THE WORLD’S BEST FOUR-IN-HAND DRIVER 32 INVESTIGATION OF THE SPECIFIC NEEDS OF GROWING HORSES 40 TWYDIL® SUPPORTS RESEARCH 45 TWYDIL® RACING, THE INDISPENSABLE PRODUCT FOR PROFESSIONALS 48 VARENNE AND OTHER FAMOUS ITALIAN HORSES 54 COMPARISON OF HAEMATOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF 500 HORSES FROM DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES 58 TWYDIL® RANGE OF PRODUCTS 62 2 HPH 06/07 A MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 In 2006, the year of TWYDIL®’s 40th birthday, our sales in the world increased by 17 %! Over the past 10 years, TWYDIL® has doubled its turnover by expanding sales within each continent and developing in many emerging markets. Far from being satisfied, we will redouble our efforts by intensifying our research, diversifying our product range, welcoming new collaborators, and expanding our contacts with veterinary surgeons and the professional horse fraternity. Together we will continue to work to justify the renowned image of quality and security of TWYDIL®. Valère HENRY President 3 HPH 06/07 EVALUATION OF AN ORAL SUPPLEMENT ENRICHED WITH GLUCOSAMINE AND CHONDROITINE SULPHATE ON THE JOINT ENZYMATIC BALANCE IN YOUNG HORSES Drs Marie Daix, Jean-François Bastin & Nathalie Kirschvink FUNDP- University of Namur, Veterinary Department, Animal Physiology, rue de Bruxelles 61, B- 5000 Namur Implication of matrix metalloproteinase on osteoarticular disorder For the sporting horse, the os- teoarticular pathologies represent the major cause of lameness. Joints are complex structures made up of various entities (see figure 1). The neighbouring bones are covered with joint cartilage at the zones of contact to provide good mobility within the joint. This mobility is en- hanced by the presence of synovial liquid which acts as a lubricant. The whole joint is enclosed within a synovial membrane and stabilised by ligaments and sometimes mus- cles which surround it. The struc- ture of the joint cartilage plays a major role in its movement. It in- cludes both chondrocytes and extra- cellular matrix. The extracellular matrix consists largely of collagen, which supplies the cartilage with its resistance, and proteoglycans and glycoproteins which create the elas- ticity reducing shocks caused by movement. The term " osteoarticu- lar pathologies " in fact includes a large number of different diseases with a common denominator: the destruction of the joint cartilage ex- tracellular matrix (Van Den Boom, et al., 2005). Several authors have shown that this destruction of cartilage follows the activation of pro-inflammatory and enzymatic factors among which 4 HPH 06/07 Figure 1 Neil et al., JAVMA, 2005 so facilitating the destruction of the chondroitine sulphate seem to be extracellular matrix. able to modulate the activity of the These mediators appear to induce MMP and facilitate the synthesis of a chain reaction, in which the various the extracellular matrix (Henrotin, et components join with each other to al., 2002). produce an even more active pro- In vitro studies carried out with a teinase (Nagase, et al., 2006). Re- chondrocyte culture or in vivo with peatedly researchers have shown an orally supplemented rodents showed increase in the activity of the MMP the beneficial effect of these products in case of joint pathology (Brama, on preventing cartilaginous degrada- et al., 2000, Clegg and Cartler, tion (Beren, et al., 2001, Neil, et al., 1999); this increase seems to be the 2005 b). A study showed that an oral first step in the development of carti- supplement composed of glu- lage injury, additionally important cosamine, chondroitine sulphate and and several positive correlations manganese ascorbate delayed the ap- were observed by histological analy- pearance of auto-immune arthritis in sis (Van Den Boom, et al., 2005). laboratory rats (Beren, et al., 2001). Glycosaminoglycans and their In man, there are numerous inves- precursors such as glucosamine or tigations concerning the effects of the most important seems to be the matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) (Brama, et al., 2004, Neil, et al., 2005 a). The MMP are zinc-dependent en- zymes involved in numerous physio- logical and pathological processes. These proteinases are able to degrade the extracellular matrix. Their activ- ity is subjected to complex control and notably depends on specific in- hibitors: "Tissue Inhibitors of Metal- loproteinases" or TIMP. It is largely the balance between the MMP and the TIMP that defines the proteinase activity. Indeed, the enzyme is inac- tive when bound to its inhibitor. It is only free when its lytic activity ex- presses itself, so creating the capac- ity to split the proteins contained in the extracellular matrix. Some pro- inflammatory factors such as cy- tokines and certain hormones seem capable of activating the MMP and 5 HPH 06/07 Preparation for MMP activity measurement by zymography climatization the first investigation was undertaken (T0). General phys- ical examinations as well as a spe- cific examination of the locomotive system were made to produce a lameness score for each animal. Joint puncture allowed the extrac- tion of synovial liquid. The ponies glycosaminoglycans and their pre- plement containing, amongst other were divided into two homogeneous cursors on diverse osteoarticular products, glucosamine, chondroitine groups on the basis of size, weight, pathologies. Most of these researches sulphate and harpagophytum on the sex, age and lameness score. During result in a decrease of the seriousness balance of MMP-TIMP in healthy the following six weeks, the ponies and the pain in treated patients. young horses at rest. received an individual supply of These supplements also seem able to supplement A* or B **, mixed into prevent some of the osteoarticular Study presentation their concentrate ration. pathologies, both in man and in ani- Following the six weeks supple- mals (Henrotin, et al., 2002). Sixteen healthy ponies with aver- mentation, a further physical exami- In addition, another study carried age age 2.5 years, average size of out on elderly horses showed that an 1.35 m and 300 kg weight were used oral supplement based on a combina- for this study. The ponies were ac- tion of glucosamine hydrochloride commodated on farms at Centres of and chondroitine sulphate over 12 Ovine research of the University of weeks resulted in a significant in- Namur (Belgium). Their food crease in the length of stride, joint throughout the study consisted of mobility and the duration of move- concentrates given individually ment. This study seems to confirm once a day and hay twice a day. The the beneficial effect of this supple- ponies had access to a meadow for ment on the locomotion of the horse one hour each day. Two weeks were (Forsyth, et al., 2006). allowed for the ponies to become The aim of the present study was acclimatized to their new envi- to estimate the effect of a feed sup- ronment. During this period of ac- Chondrocytes in synovial fluid Figure 2: Figure 3 Figure 2 MMP2 activity in synovial fluid MMP9 activity in synovial fluid A* A* B** B** * * * T0 T6 anterior T6 posterior T6 knee T6 tarsal T0 T6 MP-Joint MP-Joint joint joint 6 * TWYDIL® ARTRIDIL new formula ** control HPH 06/07 nation was undertaken (T6) identical to the first. Gel d’électrophorèseElectrophoresis permettant gel used de déterminer to determine l’activité MMP The specific examination of the lo- dans le liquide synovial comotive system produced a new MMP activity in synovial fluid lameness score for each pony. Syn- ovial fluid was analysed for the fol- lowing markers: activities of MMP2 and MMP9 and the activity of the TIMP as markers of the enzymatic stress. A cytological analysis of the synovial fluid was also undertaken. The investigators were not aware of Pro-enzymeHuman the identity of supplements A* and MMP9Spots activity d’activité spots de in la synovial MMP9 MMP9Spots activity d’activité spots de in la synovial MMP9 MMP9MMP9 pro- B** until after all the analyses were fluid of a B group pony at T6 fluid of a A group pony at T6 dans la synovie chez un poney dans la synovie chez un poney enzymehumaine completed. du groupe B à T6 du groupe A à T6 usedutilisée as en The study was approved by the lo- standardtant que cal commitee responsible for ethics standard in animal experimentation. Results e) Cytology: mality and no significant differ- The cytological analysis of the ence was noticed between ponies a) Lameness scores : synovial liquid revealed no abnor- in group A* and group B **. At T0, the ponies’ lameness scores in both groups were very low sug- gesting that none of them pre- sented severe lameness.
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