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Indiana Military History Journal Is Published by the Military History Section of the Indiana Historical Society, 3 I 5 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis 46202

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Indiana Military History Journal Is Published by the Military History Section of the Indiana Historical Society, 3 I 5 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis 46202 INDIANA MILITARY HISTORY JOURNAL INDIANA HISTORICAL SOCIETY Volume 10 Number 2 May, 1985 F521_146_VOL 1 O_N02 Indiana Military History Journal is published by the Military History Section of the Indiana Historical Society, 3 I 5 West Ohio Street, Indianapolis 46202. Editorial offices for the Journal are at the Department of History, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907. Gunther E. Rothenberg is editor; Kevin Reid editorial assistant. All contributions should be sent to this address. Manuscripts should be prepared in accordance with The University of Chicago A Manual of Style (13th edition). The Indiana Historical Society, the Military History Section, and the editor disclaim responsibility for statements of fact or opinions made by contributors. The Indiana Military History Journal serves as the organ of the Military History Section and carries news of the Section as well as articles, documents, pictures, and book reviews relating to Indiana's military past, the military history of the Old Northwest, and the activities of Hoosiers in the armed forces of the United States in war and peace. In addition, the Journal will carry articles on military history topics in general which impacted on the state or region. It is hoped that the Journal will increase the reader's appreciation of the military heritage of the stateand the nation. Military History Section Board of Directors Mr. Wayne Sanford, Chairman Mr. Thomas B. Williams III 8718 Old Town Lane Drive 3203 Dogwood Lane Indianapolis 46260 Carmel 46032 Col. Jerry L. Sargent (USA, Ret.), Vice-Chairman Col. William Scott (USA, Ret.) 334 Grovewood Place 6433 Hoover Rd., Apt. A Beech Grove 46107 Indianapolis 46260 Dr. Gunther E. Rothenberg, editor Maj. William J. Watt Department of History 2240 Rome Drive Apt. B Purdue University Indianapolis 46208 West Lafayette 47906 Rev. William 0. Harris Dr. George W. Geib 723 Clarendon Place 4737 Cornelius Avenue Indianapolis 46208 Indianapolis 46208 Col. J. Robert Sutherlin (USA, Ret.) 6078 Garver Road Indianapolis 46208 The Journal is sent to members of the Indiana Historical Societywho participatei n the Military History Section. All the material in this Journal is copyrighted. Copyright, 1984, Indiana Historical Society. Cover: This painting depicts the repulse of Col. Drummond's column on August IS, 1814, as described by Major Johnathan Kearsley in this issue's lead article66The Memoirs of Johnathan Kearsley: A Michigan Hero from the War of 1812," edited by John C. Fredriksen. Courtesy of the Chicago Historical Society. NOTES FROM THE CHAIRMAN Mark your calendar for these coming events: (I) Military history sessions at the Indiana Historical Society Spring History Conference, May 17 & 18, Clifty Falls State Park, Madison, Indiana. The Military History Section will sponsor two sessions on Saturday, May 18. John Crago of Huntington, Indiana, will deliver a presentation at 9:30 that morning entitled "Recollections of a Bataan Death March Survivor," and that afternoon at 1:30 Arville Funk of Corydon, Indiana, will discuss "A Hoosier on the Doolittle Raid ( 1942)." (2) The Fall History Conference, September 7-8. The location will be announced later. (3) Seminar on the Philippines in World War II, September 21. The seminar will be held at the World War Memorial in Indianapolis. There will be morning and afternoon sessions, and an authentic Filipino lunch will be served at the Rice Bowl Restaurant. (4) Indiana Historical Society Annual Meeting, November 2, 1985, Indianapolis. Notices for theseevents will bemailed to section members astheir individual times approach. Finally,the chairman wishes to remind all thosewho have not yet renewed their 1985 Society memberships to do so as we look forward to an interesting and active year. ws 3 THE MEMOIRS OF JOHNATHAN KEARSLEY: A MICHIGAN HERO FROM THE WAR OF 1812 Edited by John C. Fredriksen• Introduction The limping, one-legged figure of Johnathan Kearsley was a familiar sight to the inhabitants of early Detroit. A native of Pennsylvania, Kearsley had previously been Collector of Internal Revenue in that state until the repeal of such taxes eliminatedhis office.He arrivedat Detroitin 1819 to assume the role of Receiver of the U.S. Land Office and held that position for the next thirty years. In office Kearsley was well regarded for his conscientious administration of the public trust and applauded for his upright character and personal integrity in private life. These assets were not lost on the public who, in 1819, elected Kearsley the third Mayor of Detroit and in 1836 made him Regent of the nascent Universityof Michigan. The memory of his civic accomplishments is preserved in that city by a street named in his memory as well as by a tributary of the Flint River which is named after him. For these and other reasons the name of Kearsley has become intimately associatedwith the history of both the territory and the infant state of Michigan. Kearsley's relocation from the cultivated clime of Pennsylvania to the raucous frontiers of Michigan was a clear success story, but one in which the "Old Major," emerges as a somewhat quixotic cause­ celebre. Kearsley may have hobbled about as a result of an old war wound, but the heavycrutches upon which he labored frequently became the painful extension of a cantankerous and fiery disposition. The perils of managingthe U.S. LandOffice in a frontier area illustratethis point clearly.Many settlers from the East shared the peculiarYankee characteristic of bantering and beating down the price of objects for sale, including land, and they would often try their hand on the "Old Major"-sometimes with unforseen results. One day, having exhausted all patience and persuasionwith a refractory customer, Kearsleytried the expedient of applying one of his crutches over the head of his antagonist. The enraged stranger responded with flailingfists. A third party, perhaps sympathetic to the sight of a cripple being bludgeoned, steppedforward to intervene but wasstopped by an onlooker who blithely exclaimed,"Let him alone, he is doing Land Office business ..,, Another celebrated example was Kearsley's pique with the Detroit Fire Department. Many Fire Chiefs were unwilling to ride their shiny, horse-drawn engines down the rutted, muddy, and unpavedstreets of early Detroit. They chose insteadthe tactic of running their vehicles down the broad wooden sidewalks ad­ joining such routes. Fires were contained, but the practice usually resulted in a trailof splintered planks and long lines of picket fences demolished by the engines'wheel hubs. This result immediately spurred the ire of the no-nonsense Kearsley, who rapidly became a most valiant defender of sidewalks and picket fences. Whenever a fire alarm sounded, he would rush out and take a stand in the middle of the sidewalk, defiantly waving his crutch to warn off the approachingfiremen. If passing the Kearsley residencebecame unavoidable, it was a common procedureto dispatch two fleet runnersahead of the engine to lift the old soldier to prevent his being run over.2 If the redoubtable Kearsley could hold his own against speculators and fire engines, he held a special terror for the students and faculty of the newly established University of Michigan. The Major had a reputation for scholarship, being an 1811 graduate of Washington College, so from 1836 to 1850 he was appointedUniversity Regent. In this capacityhe maintained an unofficial,but close,personal supervision over university affairs. Being something of a martinet, Kearsley was notorious for conducting the oral • Mr. Fredricksenholds an M.A. in AmericanHistory from the University of Michigan and is the author of the forthcoming Free Trade and Sailors' Rights:A Bibliography on the War of 1812. In this article Mr. Fredricksen pr esents the Memoirs of Johnathan Kearsley. The punctuation and spelling have been retained as in the original and only such correctionsas were necessary for the sake of clarity were made. 4 MEMOIRS OF JOHNATHAN KEARSLEY 5 examination of each graduating student in Latin. He gave them a very hard time and soon earned the appellation ..Maj or Tormentum," from 11majora tormenta," the name given big guns in a Latin 11Life of Washington."3 His relentless interrogations incited a widespread plot among membersof one graduating class. The day priorto graduationand running K.earsley'sgauntlet, severalstudents broke into the Super­ intendent's office, pilfered the files and absconded with a list of merits and demerits intended for the Major's inspection. Upon the discoveryof the break-in the next morning,constables were summoned and arrests were promised while K.earsley11pounded the woodensidewalk with his woodenleg, thundering for someone's head."" Much to his discomfiture, K.earsley was forced to grant certificates to his students, examination or not. While admired for his administrativeabilities, and renowned for his aplomb in the face of adversity, Michigan historians are not always cognizantof the fact that Johnathan K.earsleywas a highly respected officerduring the War of 1812. Indeed, the limp which was his trademark bears eloquent testimonyto the distinguished services rendered in that conflict. Born in Dauphin County, Pennsylvania,on August 20, 1786, K.earsley was the son of a Revolutionary war officer and had secured a commission as a First Lieutenant in the artillery shortlybefore the outbreak of war. He enjoyed a promising start,for he had the good fortune of being attached to the staff of Winfield Scott. K.earsley was actively engagedand nearly captured at the debacle at Stoney Creek on June 6, 1813, and later servedas aide to Generals Lewis and Williams. He was presentduring General Wilkinson's descentdown the St. Lawrenceand participated in the disastrous encounter at Chrysler's Farm on November 11, 1813. The following year, on April 12, K.earsley effected a transfer from the artillery to the command of the Fourth Rifle Regiment, which had been assigned to the defense of Fort Erie, Ontario.
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