Finding the Shape of Space
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE and ALGORITHMIC LIABILITY a Technology and Risk Engineering Perspective from Zurich Insurance Group and Microsoft Corp
White Paper ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ALGORITHMIC LIABILITY A technology and risk engineering perspective from Zurich Insurance Group and Microsoft Corp. July 2021 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Executive summary 03 This paper introduces the growing notion of AI algorithmic 2. Introduction 05 risk, explores the drivers and A. What is algorithmic risk and why is it so complex? ‘Because the computer says so!’ 05 B. Microsoft and Zurich: Market-leading Cyber Security and Risk Expertise 06 implications of algorithmic liability, and provides practical 3. Algorithmic risk : Intended or not, AI can foster discrimination 07 guidance as to the successful A. Creating bias through intended negative externalities 07 B. Bias as a result of unintended negative externalities 07 mitigation of such risk to enable the ethical and responsible use of 4. Data and design flaws as key triggers of algorithmic liability 08 AI. A. Model input phase 08 B. Model design and development phase 09 C. Model operation and output phase 10 Authors: D. Potential complications can cloud liability, make remedies difficult 11 Zurich Insurance Group 5. How to determine algorithmic liability? 13 Elisabeth Bechtold A. General legal approaches: Caution in a fast-changing field 13 Rui Manuel Melo Da Silva Ferreira B. Challenges and limitations of existing legal approaches 14 C. AI-specific best practice standards and emerging regulation 15 D. New approaches to tackle algorithmic liability risk? 17 Microsoft Corp. Rachel Azafrani 6. Principles and tools to manage algorithmic liability risk 18 A. Tools and methodologies for responsible AI and data usage 18 Christian Bucher B. Governance and principles for responsible AI and data usage 20 Franziska-Juliette Klebôn C. -
Identify GEO Objects #5
Identification of UI Objects in Classification of Geosynchronous Objects Issue 11 Ted Molczan 2010 Jan 31 Revision 2, 2010 Feb 02 Abstract Sixty-seven (67) objects reported as unidentified in Classification of Geosynchronous Objects, Issue 11, have been newly correlated with launches, and identified as a specific piece from their launch. Corrections of 5 previous independent identifications are proposed. This increases the total number of identified objects to 140, out of 152 originally reported as unidentified. 1. Introduction The European Space Agency’s European Space Operations Centre reports annually on the status of objects in geosynchronous orbit, via the Classification of Geosynchronous Objects (COGO) series, produced by the Space Debris Office of the Ground Systems Engineering Department. COGO Issue 11, Section 4.7, reports 152 objects tracked by the International Scientific Optical Network (ISON), classified as unidentified, because they could not initially be correlated with a specific launch. They receive permanent IDs of the form UI.nnn, in which UI denotes unidentified, and nnn is a serial number. Objects that are eventually correlated to launches retain their UI designation, but are also listed in Section 4.7 with their COSPAR designation. The launches expected to account for most of the 152 UI objects are the 77 which placed a total of 153 officially catalogued objects into geosynchronous orbit, for which orbital elements are not available from official sources. COGO Issue 11, identifies 40 objects that had been correlated with their launches, and independent researchers have correlated an additional 33 objects. All belong to the 77 known launches. The present study originates within the small community of hobbyists who observe objects in orbits for which official orbital elements are not available, and analyze their orbits, optical characteristics and radio transmissions. -
Evaluation of Stereoscopic Geoeye-1 Satellite Imagery to Assess Landscape and Stand Level Characteristics
EVALUATION OF STEREOSCOPIC GEOEYE-1 SATELLITE IMAGERY TO ASSESS LANDSCAPE AND STAND LEVEL CHARACTERISTICS K. Kliparchuk, M.Sc, GISP a, Dr. D. Collins, P.Geo. b a Hatfield Consultants Partnership, 200-850 Harbourside Drive, North Vancouver, BC, V7P0A3 Canada – [email protected] b BC Ministry of Forests and Range, Coast Forest Region, 2100 Labieux Road, Nanaimo, BC, V9T6E9, Canada - [email protected] Commission I, WG I/3 KEY WORDS: Remote sensing, GeoEye-1, effectiveness evaluation, forest resource management, stereo, photogrammetry ABSTRACT: An ongoing remote sensing project has been underway within the Coast Forest Region since 2000. The initial parts of the project investigated the application of commercially available high-resolution satellite imagery to resource feature mapping and compliance and enforcement surveillance. In the current project, stereo imagery from the new GeoEye-1 satellite was acquired. This system provides 0.5m panchromatic and 1.65m colour imagery, which is approximately a four time increase in spatial resolution compared to IKONOS imagery. Stereo imagery at this resolution enables the delineation of single trees, coarse woody debris measurement and the generation of Digital Elevation Models and estimation of volumes of material displaced by landslides. Change detection and identification of high priority zones for Compliance & Enforcement investigation is greatly enhanced. Results of this research are presented and discussed. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction The initial focus of the project was to investigate the application of commercially available high-resolution satellite imagery to resource feature mapping and compliance and enforcement surveillance. A previous published study by the authors in 2008 extended the use of high resolution IKONOS imagery through Figure 1. -
Employment Report
2019 EMPLOYMENT REPORT Columbia Business School students experience unparalleled access to dynamic companies and leaders After 21 years of teaching at this institution, it is an honor to assume the role of Dean of Columbia Business School. in New York and around the world, I want to thank Dean Glenn Hubbard for his excellent joining an entrepreneurial community stewardship of the School over these last 15 years. that fosters innovation and creates Columbia Business School is ushering in a new generation of students during a critical time—one that demands we everyday impact in the global address the rapidly-evolving needs of business in the digital future. The nature of the MBA job market has changed and so too must business education, which is at an inflection point, marketplace. They build connections where data science is as important as management science. with practitioners and industry This is why we must redefine business education, by sharpening our curriculum in order to embrace how technology, data, and leaders, and tap into a lifetime algorithms are transforming business. We will need to continue to create experiential learning opportunities to better prepare students for careers in the digital future across industries. We network of more than 47,000 alumni must strengthen our engagement with the University, creating curricular opportunities for our students, and exploring spanning over 100 countries who offer collaborative research in areas of broader impact and of significant interest to the School. We must also strengthen mentoring opportunities, internships, faculty thought leadership and enhance lifelong learning by offering new courses to alumni who want to continuously and so much more. -
Practical Homomorphic Encryption and Cryptanalysis
Practical Homomorphic Encryption and Cryptanalysis Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) an der Fakult¨atf¨urMathematik der Ruhr-Universit¨atBochum vorgelegt von Dipl. Ing. Matthias Minihold unter der Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Alexander May Bochum April 2019 First reviewer: Prof. Dr. Alexander May Second reviewer: Prof. Dr. Gregor Leander Date of oral examination (Defense): 3rd May 2019 Author's declaration The work presented in this thesis is the result of original research carried out by the candidate, partly in collaboration with others, whilst enrolled in and carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Department of Mathematics at Ruhr-University Bochum as a candidate for the degree of doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.). Except where indicated by reference in the text, the work is the candidates own work and has not been submitted for any other degree or award in any other university or educational establishment. Views expressed in this dissertation are those of the author. Place, Date Signature Chapter 1 Abstract My thesis on Practical Homomorphic Encryption and Cryptanalysis, is dedicated to efficient homomor- phic constructions, underlying primitives, and their practical security vetted by cryptanalytic methods. The wide-spread RSA cryptosystem serves as an early (partially) homomorphic example of a public- key encryption scheme, whose security reduction leads to problems believed to be have lower solution- complexity on average than nowadays fully homomorphic encryption schemes are based on. The reader goes on a journey towards designing a practical fully homomorphic encryption scheme, and one exemplary application of growing importance: privacy-preserving use of machine learning. -
Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space
SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space December 1983 NTIS order #PB84-181437 Recommended Citation: SALYUT: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space–A Technical Mere- orandum (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, OTA- TM-STI-14, December 1983). Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 83-600624 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 Foreword As the other major spacefaring nation, the Soviet Union is a subject of interest to the American people and Congress in their deliberations concerning the future of U.S. space activities. In the course of an assessment of Civilian Space Stations, the Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) has undertaken a study of the presence of Soviets in space and their Salyut space stations, in order to provide Congress with an informed view of Soviet capabilities and intentions. The major element in this technical memorandum was a workshop held at OTA in December 1982: it was the first occasion when a significant number of experts in this area of Soviet space activities had met for extended unclassified discussion. As a result of the workshop, OTA prepared this technical memorandum, “Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space. ” It has been reviewed extensively by workshop participants and others familiar with Soviet space activities. Also in December 1982, OTA wrote to the U. S. S. R.’s Ambassador to the United States Anatoliy Dobrynin, requesting any information concerning present and future Soviet space activities that the Soviet Union judged could be of value to the OTA assess- ment of civilian space stations. -
Aerospace, Defense, and Government Services Mergers & Acquisitions
Aerospace, Defense, and Government Services Mergers & Acquisitions (January 1993 - April 2020) Huntington BAE Spirit Booz Allen L3Harris Precision Rolls- Airbus Boeing CACI Perspecta General Dynamics GE Honeywell Leidos SAIC Leonardo Technologies Lockheed Martin Ingalls Northrop Grumman Castparts Safran Textron Thales Raytheon Technologies Systems Aerosystems Hamilton Industries Royce Airborne tactical DHPC Technologies L3Harris airport Kopter Group PFW Aerospace to Aviolinx Raytheon Unisys Federal Airport security Hydroid radio business to Hutchinson airborne tactical security businesses Vector Launch Otis & Carrier businesses BAE Systems Dynetics businesses to Leidos Controls & Data Premiair Aviation radios business Fiber Materials Maintenance to Shareholders Linndustries Services to Valsef United Raytheon MTM Robotics Next Century Leidos Health to Distributed Energy GERAC test lab and Technologies Inventory Locator Service to Shielding Specialities Jet Aviation Vienna PK AirFinance to ettain group Night Vision business Solutions business to TRC Base2 Solutions engineering to Sopemea 2 Alestis Aerospace to CAMP Systems International Hamble aerostructure to Elbit Systems Stormscope product eAircraft to Belcan 2 GDI Simulation to MBDA Deep3 Software Apollo and Athene Collins Psibernetix ElectroMechanical Aciturri Aeronautica business to Aernnova IMX Medical line to TransDigm J&L Fiber Services to 0 Knight Point Aerospace TruTrak Flight Systems ElectroMechanical Systems to Safran 0 Pristmatic Solutions Next Generation 911 to Management -
Information Guide
INFORMATION GUIDE 7 ALL-PRO 7 NFL MVP LAMAR JACKSON 2018 - 1ST ROUND (32ND PICK) RONNIE STANLEY 2016 - 1ST ROUND (6TH PICK) 2020 BALTIMORE DRAFT PICKS FIRST 28TH SECOND 55TH (VIA ATL.) SECOND 60TH THIRD 92ND THIRD 106TH (COMP) FOURTH 129TH (VIA NE) FOURTH 143RD (COMP) 7 ALL-PRO MARLON HUMPHREY FIFTH 170TH (VIA MIN.) SEVENTH 225TH (VIA NYJ) 2017 - 1ST ROUND (16TH PICK) 2020 RAVENS DRAFT GUIDE “[The Draft] is the lifeblood of this Ozzie Newsome organization, and we take it very Executive Vice President seriously. We try to make it a science, 25th Season w/ Ravens we really do. But in the end, it’s probably more of an art than a science. There’s a lot of nuance involved. It’s Joe Hortiz a big-picture thing. It’s a lot of bits and Director of Player Personnel pieces of information. It’s gut instinct. 23rd Season w/ Ravens It’s experience, which I think is really, really important.” Eric DeCosta George Kokinis Executive VP & General Manager Director of Player Personnel 25th Season w/ Ravens, 2nd as EVP/GM 24th Season w/ Ravens Pat Moriarty Brandon Berning Bobby Vega “Q” Attenoukon Sarah Mallepalle Sr. VP of Football Operations MW/SW Area Scout East Area Scout Player Personnel Assistant Player Personnel Analyst Vincent Newsome David Blackburn Kevin Weidl Patrick McDonough Derrick Yam Sr. Player Personnel Exec. West Area Scout SE/SW Area Scout Player Personnel Assistant Quantitative Analyst Nick Matteo Joey Cleary Corey Frazier Chas Stallard Director of Football Admin. Northeast Area Scout Pro Scout Player Personnel Assistant David McDonald Dwaune Jones Patrick Williams Jenn Werner Dir. -
Geoeye Corp Overview
GeoEye See our World…Better than Ever 1 GeoEye Focus on Africa Ms. Andrea Cook Senior Sales Manager Middle East, Africa & India GeoEye GeoEye: Company Overview OfferingOffering bestbest resolutionresolution –– colorcolor –– accuracyaccuracy commerciallycommercially availableavailable 3 GeoEye: IKONOS and GeoEye-1 IKONOS – Launched 24 September 1999 – World’s first commercial satellite with 1- meter resolution • 0.82 meter panchromatic, 3.2 meters multi-spectral • Over 300 million km² of world-wide archive • Extensive global network of ground stations __________________________________________________________ GeoEye-1 – Launched 6 September 2008 – Started Commercial Operations 5 February 2009 – Most advanced satellite commercially available • 0.41 meter panchromatic, 1.65 multi- spectral • Designed for <5m accuracy without ground control • Up to 700,000 km² per day collection capacity (panchromatic) • >7 year mission life 4 IKONOS: 1 meter imagery AlmostAlmost 1010 yearsyears ofof archivearchive –– stillstill collectingcollecting strongstrong 5 GeoEye-1: First Images NowNow CommerciallyCommercially AvailableAvailable –– CollectingCollecting WorldWorld WideWide 6 GeoEye Constellation Collection Capacity Faster Response Times Faster Project Completions More Opportunities Served • GeoEye Constellation Collection Capacity – GeoEye-1 • Image 350,000 km2/day in multi-spectral mode • 700,000 sq km/day panchromatic mode – IKONOS • 150,000 sq km/day • True Constellation Operations for GeoEye-1 and IKONOS – Phased orbit Key: – Access to all locations -
EX ALDERMAN NEWSLETTER 137 and UNAPPROVED Chesterfield 82 by John Hofmann July 26, 2014
EX ALDERMAN NEWSLETTER 137 and UNAPPROVED Chesterfield 82 By John Hofmann July 26, 2014 THIS YEAR'S DRIVING WHILE BLACK STATS: For some reason the Post-Dispatch did not decide to do a huge article on the Missouri Attorney General's release of Vehicle Traffic Stop statistical data dealing with the race of drivers stopped by police. The stats did not change that much from last year. Perhaps the Post-dispatch is tired of doing the same story over and over or finally realized that the statistics paint an unfair picture because the overall region's racial breakdown is not used in areas with large interstate highways bringing hundreds of thousands of people into mostly white communities. This does not mean profiling and racism doesn't exist, but is not as widespread as it was 30 years ago. Traffic stop statistics for cities are based on their local populations and not on regional populations. This can be blatantly unfair when there are large shopping districts that draw people from all over a region or Interstate highways that bring people from all over the region through a community. CHESTERFIELD: Once again the Chesterfield Police come off looking pretty good. The four largest racial groups in Chesterfield are: Whites (84%) Asians (9%), Hispanics (2.9%) and Blacks (2.6%). If you believe in these statistics they show the Chesterfield Police are stopping too many whites and blacks and not stopping enough Asians and Hispanics. That is what is wrong with the Missouri Collection of Traffic data. The County wide population data comes into play since there is a major Interstate Highway going through Chesterfield and four major shopping districts. -
The New Vision for Space Exploration
Constellation The New Vision for Space Exploration Dale Thomas NASA Constellation Program October 2008 The Constellation Program was born from the Constellation’sNASA Authorization Beginnings Act of 2005 which stated…. The Administrator shall establish a program to develop a sustained human presence on the moon, including a robust precursor program to promote exploration, science, commerce and U.S. preeminence in space, and as a stepping stone to future exploration of Mars and other destinations. CONSTELLATION PROJECTS Initial Capability Lunar Capability Orion Altair Ares I Ares V Mission Operations EVA Ground Operations Lunar Surface EVA EXPLORATION ROADMAP 0506 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 LunarLunar OutpostOutpost BuildupBuildup ExplorationExploration andand ScienceScience LunarLunar RoboticsRobotics MissionsMissions CommercialCommercial OrbitalOrbital Transportation ServicesServices forfor ISSISS AresAres II andand OrionOrion DevelopmentDevelopment AltairAltair Lunar LanderLander Development AresAres VV and EarthEarth DepartureDeparture Stage SurfaceSurface SystemsSystems DevelopmentDevelopment ORION: NEXT GENERATION PILOTED SPACECRAFT Human access to Low Earth Orbit … … to the Moon and Mars ORION PROJECT: CREW EXPLORATION VEHICLE Orion will support both space station and moon missions Launch Abort System Orion will support both space stationDesigned and moonto operate missions for up to 210 days in Earth or lunar Designedorbit to operate for up to 210 days in Earth or lunar orbit Designed for lunar -
Chip Company AMD Pursues Rival for $30 Billion Tie-Up
P2JW283000-5-A00100-17FFFF5178F ***** FRIDAY,OCTOBER 9, 2020 ~VOL. CCLXXVI NO.85 WSJ.com HHHH $4.00 DJIA 28425.51 À 122.05 0.4% NASDAQ 11420.98 À 0.5% STOXX 600 368.31 À 0.8% 10-YR. TREAS. (Re-opening) , yield 0.764% OIL $41.19 À $1.24 GOLD $1,888.60 À $5.00 EURO $1.1761 YEN 106.03 Conflicts in Russia’s Orbit Intensify, Upending Kremlin Plans Stimulus What’s News Talks Are On Again, Business&Finance But Deal MD is in advanced talks Ato buy Xilinx in adeal that could be valued at Is Elusive morethan $30 billion and mark the latest big tie-up in the rapidly consolidating Negotiations show semiconductor industry. A1 signs of life after AT&T’s WarnerMedia is Pelosi ties airline aid restructuring itsworkforce as it seeks to reducecostsby S to broad agreement as much as 20% as the pan- PRES demic drains income from TED BY KRISTINA PETERSON movie tickets, cable sub- CIA AND ALISON SIDER scriptions and TV ads. A1 SO AS MorganStanleysaid it is RE/ WASHINGTON—Demo- buying fund manager Eaton LU cratic and WhiteHouse negoti- TO Vancefor $7 billion, continu- atorsresumed discussions over ing the Wall Street firm’s N/PHO acoronavirus relief deal Thurs- shifttoward safer businesses YA day, but gavenoindication AR likemoney management. B1 AS they were closer to resolving GHD deep-seated disputes that led IBM plans itsbiggest- BA President Trump to end negoti- ever businessexit, spinning AM ationsearlier this week. off amajor part of itsinfor- HR FewonCapitol Hill were op- mation-technologyservices VA SHATTERED:Armenia accused Azerbaijan on Thursday of shelling ahistoric cathedral in the separatistterritory of Nagorno- timistic that Congressand the operations as the company Karabakh.