Hi sto ri c a rc h i ved d o c ume n t ,
Do n ot a ssum e co nte nt ref l ects c urre nt
s i nti f i kn owl d o l i i s o r ra ti s. c e c e ge , p c e , p c ce
W i l l a mette Na ti o na l Fo rest
SENSITIV E PLANT FI ELD GUI DE
by JEN NI FER DI M LIN G , B OTAN IST W illamette National Forest
m "
NAH ON N AL -;f
Nov 4 W
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" -r 2 ' «v s . u t s x 0 } t u w m m L 3 A n .a va lo
g I E} APR I L 1 991 Eg; L
USDA Forest Servi ce Pa i f i c N r h est i n 0 c o t w Reg o
R6 - W l LL- OO4 — 9 1 ACK N O W LED GEMEN TS
Specia l thanks a re d ue to many peopl e who helped i n creati ng this pu blicatio n:
I ene S m G a h Art s Lo et e R a - La e e e P b Af s r tu pf , r p ic i t ; r t y f rri r , u lic fair ; D s t Bo n s s e R oa ntree A e Sm h n ose i tric ta i t Mik , lic it , Caroly Cl ,
e McCa be a nd E e n E e e t. Mik , v ly v r t
’ I d like to a l so than k a l l who l ent me photos.
Status r p esented isbe " ( W I 33 : : 3 c a 1 . c:
INTR O DUCTION
This booklet is intended to be a semi -technical guide to the status and identity of the n sensitive pla t species found on Willamette NF . It is a compilation of ma teri a l from status n i lists , ha dbooks on the rare plants of O rego n a nd existi ng reports a nd sightings found n S ’ f the upervisor s Of ice files . The handbook is meant to be upd ated as new information and
. H u USFS status listings become available opef lly , all members of the will use this book as a reference tool .
The USFS ma nua l states that employees of the Age ncy shall seek to co nserve plants according to the 1 973 E ndangered Species Act and to (1 ) mai ntain at least viable p op ul a a l l x n 2 n tions of e isting ative plants , ( ) assist in identificatio and recovery of threatened and endangered plants and (3 ) avoid actions which may cause a species to become threatened or endangered .
Our Sensitive Plant List is taken from the Regio n 6 U .S. Forest Service 1 99 1 Sensitive
Plant List . Each p l a nt on the Regional list is rated or give n a status by three agencies : US S u Fed era l S O D Federal ( Fish and Wildlife ervice thro gh the Review) , tate ( regon epart ment of Agri culture) and O regon Natural Heritage Data Base .
Fed era l : The Endangered Sp ecies Act proposes three status categories : n species listed as threatened or enda gered , species proposed for
n a nd . O listi g , candidate species for prop osal to list nly listed and
proposed species are legally protected on f ed era l land . We have no n listed or proposed threatened or e dangered species on the forest ,
only candidate species . There are 3 categories for candidate spe cues :
Ca tegory 1 Taxa for which the USFW S has suff icient information to suppo rt the
proposal to list as endangered or threate ned . Ca tegory 2 Taxa which need add itional i nformation (further research) to be a bl e to propose the plant as threate ned or e ndangered . Ca tegory 3 Taxa no longer being considered for listi ng as threatened or endan gera d because : A- extinct B - not taxonomically valid C taxa is more abundant and widespread than was originally thought and/ or those not subject to any identifiable threat
Status presented is based on the Federal Register Notice of Review .
Sta te: Al l plants in a ny of the following categori es are protected on state P H owned lands by O regon HB 53 3 . The US S andbook states that employees should cooperate a nd co nsult with state age ncies . Li st 1 : End a ngered : Any native plant species determined to be i n danger of exti nction throughout all or any signifi cant portion of its range or those listed as endangered on the Federal list
Any plant species determined likely to become endangered within the foreseeable future throughout a l l or a ny significant portion of its range
a nd i d a te: An num C y plant species designated for study , whose bers are believed l ow u a nd or declining , or whose habitat is s fficiently threatened u u u declining in q antity and q ality , so as to potentially q alify for listing as a threatened or endangered species in the foreseeable future
Status is based on a list updated in February of 1 99 1 .
O reg o n Na tura l Heri ta ge Da ta Ba se:
In accordance with USPS Manual Supplement the Camanula scabrel a Region shall cooperate with State Heri tage Programs when f ormul a t p ’ Re i ona l Forester s S n Pl a nt S ing and changing the g e sitive pecies Carexlivida List . Cimlciluga elala Li st 1 :Threatened or endangered throughout range
i st 2:T n O n m L hreatened or enda gered in rego , ore stable elsewhere
Status is based on a list updated in November of 1 990.
Lycopodiuminundatu There are 7 Ranger Districts (RD) on the Willamette National Forest . In order to save 2- Ietter : space , the districts will be referred to in a code
Pol si y tchumcalilo
Homa nzoliia thom TABLE O F SENSITIV E SPEC IES
STATUS S i s 0( r: p ec e Agoseris elata Allium campanulatum Arnica viscosa
Asplenium septentrionale
A orma nu H DE ster g S ,
Astragalus umbra ti cus
Botrychium mi nga nense
Botrychium p umi col a Calamagrostis breweri
Campanula scabrella Carexlivida Cimicifuga elata
Frasera ump qua ensi s Gentiana newberryi Hieracium bolanderi
u i nund a tum BR SH Lycopodi m , L ycopodium selago
u u BR M K SH Ophioglossum v lgat m , ,
Oxypolis occidentalis
Pellaea a nd romed a ef ol i a
Poa Iaxiflora
Polystichum californicum
h m onrr SH OA DE LO Romanzoff ia t o p s , , , B R M K
u u B R SH OA Sche chzeria pal stris , ,
Sisyrinchiu m sarmentosum Utricularia minor Wolff ia columbiana
SENSITIV E SPECIES BY HABITAT e i s Ha b i ta t Loca ti on Phe n o l ogy
M esi c Mead ows
- strea mba nks u S . Calamagrostis breweri , lake margins J ly ept moist meadows DE:
- Frasera ump qua ensi s meadows and open woods July Aug .
LO , OA:
- Gentiana newberryi moist meadows Aug Sept . MK :
Sisyrinchium sarmentosum meadows June - July
(Mt . Hood N F; low elevation)
W et Mea d ows/ B og
Carexlivida bogs and swamps at low Ma y- July F elevations (Mt . Hood N )
Lycopodium i nund a tum sphagnum bog
SH, BR :
- m u m n u S . O phioglossu v lgatu boggy meadows , ope woods J ly ept and verna l pools
SH, B R :
- Oxypolis occidentalis mountai n springs and bogs July Aug . BR :
Scheuchzeria palustris sphagnum bogs and lake margins Ma y- July : SH, OA, B R
Pond s
Utricularia minor standing or slowly- moving June - August water at mid to high elevation R : OA, B
Wolffia columbiana floati ng below surface
1 Elevations given are those found in populations on the Willamette National Forest . SENSITIV E SP EC IES B "HAB ITAT
Habi tat
tcrol)s nookyOu Ripari an "o n e Lycopodium selago streamside in dense moist woods to wet cl iff s/ ta l us
Mt. H ELM S D r ( ood , alem ist ict) 2 Calamagrostis breweri om Pellaea andl Poa Iaxiflora Sisyrinchium sarmentosum
lllo Pol stichumca M oi st W oods y
- Botrychium mi nga nense moist woods adjacent to swamp Aug Sept . esSc SH: RockySlop ,
a Cimicifuga elata moist woods June - July Amica viscos
SH, LO : Lycopodium selago
Poa Iaxiflora moist woods to streamside Astergormani
. H S u (Mt ood , i slaw NF to Campanua scabrr Dry Meadows a nd Op e n W oods
Agoseris elata meadows and open woods June - July H D h (Mt. ood / esc utes N F Romanzoltia thom
A u u u u u - u lli m campan lat m openings in dry , conifero s J ne J ly H ighVolcanicArea woods (6 suspected on NFs) B otrychiumpumio
A uumbra ti cus stragal s open , dry woods Si ski ou u ( y , Umpq a NF)
Hieracium bolanderi moist to dry Open woods and June - July dry open slopes R I : 7200
2A plant may be listed twice in the habitat part of this booklet . The habitat type in which the
plant is most commonly found is the habitat where the plant is discussed . SEN SITIV E SPECIES BY HABITAT
Habi tat Loca fl on Ph en o l ogy
Rocky O utcrop s
A u f u spleni m septentrionale clif crevices and tal s slopes , moist u (Umpq a NF ,
P a nd romed a ef ol i a wa l l u ellaea rock , o tcrops D u u ( o glas and Lane Co nties ,
P u u olystich m californic m moist woods , cliffs and rock crevices SH: ock Sl r R y o p es, Sc ee
A Auu rnica viscosa rocky places , lava slopes , g st near timberline (Deschutes and Umpqua NF)
- Aster gorma nu scree slopes and rock shelves July Aug .
SH, DE:
- u u u Au. Campan la scabrella rocky areas , tal s slopes J ne g
Mt. A H S ( dams , ood , hasta
Romanzoff ia thomp sonrr moist drainage slopes March - July a l l dist ri cts :
Hi gh V o l can i c Areas
- Botrychium p umi col a pumice gravel July Sept . D u 7200 ( esch tes NF , above ) SENSITIV E P LANTS BY DISTR ICT
B LUE R IV ER OAKRI DGE
Lycopodium i nund a tum Frasera ump qua ensi s O phioglossum vulgatum Romanzoff ia thomp sonrr Oxypolis occidentalis Scheuchzeria palustris Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Utricularia minor Scheuchzeria palustris Utricularia minor RIG DON
D ETR O IT Hieracium bolanderi Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Aster gorma nrr Calamagrostis breweri SW EET HO M E Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Aster gorma nrr LOW ELL Botrychium mi nga nense Cimicifuga elata Cimicifuga elata Lycopodium i nund a tum Frasera ump qua ensi s O phioglossum vulgatum Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Polystichum californicum Romanzoff ia thomp soni i MCK EN"I E Scheuchzeria palustris
Gentiana newberryi O phioglossum vulgatum Romanzoffia thomp soni i SENSITIV E PLANT BY BLOOM I NG TIM E (P HENOLOGY)
Fl oweri ng Pl a nts:
Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Aster gormanii Carexlivida Poa Iaxiflo ra Scheuchzeria palustris Allium campanulatu m Astragalus umbra ti cus Agoseri s elata Campanula scabrella Ci micifuga elata Hieracium bolanderi Sisyrinchiu m sarme ntosum Utriculari a mi nor Arnica viscosa Botrychium mi nga nense Botrychium p umi cola Frasera ump qua ensi s Lycopodiu m i nund a tum Oxypolis occide ntalis Calamagrostis breweri Ge ntiana newberryi Ophioglossum vulgatum Lycopodiu m selago SENSITIV E SPECIES BY FLOW ER C OLO R
B LUE W HITE Campanula scabrella Aster gorma nrr to pink to lavender Gentiana newberryi (white within) Cimicifuga elata cream to pink O xypolis occidentalis or p urp l e PUR PLE Romanzoff ia thomp soni i yellow throat Sisyrinchium sarmentosum Scheuchzeria palust ris greenish - white Allium campanulatum
G R EEN Frasera ump qua ensi s
m oashlnel o SENSITIV E SPECIES BY FAMI LY
CAM PAN ULACEAE LENTI B ULARIACEAE Campanula scabrella Utricularia minor
CO M POSITAE (ASTERACEAE) LILIACEAE Agoseris elata Allium campanulatum Arnica viscosa Aster gormanii LYCO PO D IACEAE Hieracium bolanderi Lycopodium i nund a tum Lycopodium selago CYP ERACEAE Carexlivida O PHIOGLOSSACEAE Botrychium mi nga nense GENTIAN ACEAE Botrychium p umi cola Frasera ump qua ensi s O phioglossum vulgatum Gentiana newberry i PO LYPO DIACEAE GRAM INEAE (POACEAE) Asplenium septentrionale Calamagrostis breweri Pellaea a nd romed a efol i a Poa Iaxiflora Polystichum californicum
HYD RO PHYLLACEAE RAN UNCULACEAE Romanzoffia thomp sonrr Cimicifuga elata
IRI DACEAE SCHEUCH"ERIACEAE Sisyrinchium sarmentosum Scheuchzeria palustris
LEGUM IN OSAE (FAB ACEAE) UM B ELLI FERAE Astragalus umbra ti cus Oxypolis occidentalis
LEM NACEAE Wolff ia columbiana Ag oseris elata (Nutt.) G reene
Ta l l a se i s a se a n e i n unta i n a n e i n go r , f l d d l o or mo d d l o Composita e or Sunflower Fa mi ly
g en s: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB : 2
utjgfl : Su u D u msjrje spected on Willamette National Forest ; doc mented on esch tes ,
O Mt. H NFs. Wenatchee , kanogan , and ood
: D r Haml et y to mesic meadows and open woods , from valleys to moderate elevations u in the mo ntains ,
R n : a ge Washington to California , both sides of the Cascades .
2P 3 d m u x u M 103 erennial ; in height , glabro s with the e ception of short villo s u ba sa l 1 0- 3 0 hairs on the invol cre ; leaves , cm long , entire to pinnatifid ; stem with milky sap ; flowers large - headed and yellow; i nvolu 2- 3 cre cm hig h , bracts imbricate , the outer broader and blunter than the inner.
B l mi n : u - u Auu ee g J ne J ly , g st at high elevations .
Th reete: Change in drainage ; timber harvest .
r n : H : . 4 79 V ol . 5 Refe e ces itchcock p , ,
p . 25 .
A : V ol . 4 . 564 . brams , p
Photo : Don Eastman ish lacr Hi m:Dry p
hcentre 301921Nort
RelereneeeHitcht
H u 1 97 itchcock and Cronq ist , 5
Noll i m ; FWS.
fiengezSouthern
u 1 975 Hitchcock and Cronq ist , Arnica vi scosa (G ra y)
S a sta a ni ca Sti ck a ni ca h r , y r Composita e or Sunflower Fa m i ly
Stems: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O N HDB : 2
Qtetflguti eg : Suspected on the Willamette National Forest . It was historically found in ’ D u . M . L T S . esch tes Co ( oraine , hree ister s Wilderness) and Klamath Co (Crater
: l a va run- Hebttet Rocky places , slopes and slopes with seasonal water off , near or above
- 6 . S . A timberline ( in the Cascades oil is poor , rocky , well drained ssociated with " ' Pi cea b reweri a na Pi nus monti col a Tsua mertensi a na Abi es Ia si oca r a Pi nus a l bi ca ul rs , , g , p , ,
P enstemon spp . and Ca rexbreweri i .
: S u O Mt. S . fl a me o thern regon Cascades to hasta , California
Qeeeflp ttog : Perennial with freely branch
- 2050 . P ing stems , cm tall lants covered
- . with hairs , many gland tipped Leaves u 2- 4 ab ndant , opposite , oval , cm long and
without petioles . Leaves at the base 2 u . red ced Flower heads one per stem , I vlu ra . n o cm , yellow with no y flowers
cre sticky with Ianceolate , acuminate
- 9 1 2 . bracts , mm long vn but Arni ca e osa looks similar , is less conspicuously pubescent and leaves are sharply toothed (also mainly located in
Shasta Co., California) .
B l eemi n g : July -August
Threete: Poor ability to reestablish seed
u . lings ; hikers , skiers , p mice mining
- 2 7 . V ol . 4 . 4 6 R ef ereneee: Abrams , , p
1 923 . Abrams ,
9) j 1 Al l common names which correspond to Lati n names may be seen in the Glos sary of Plant Names at the back of this b00k Photo : O R Natural Heritage Dbase WSI None 5161953F
Er flame:Western
Peck.Thebestso
A 1 923 brams , Aspleniu m septentrionale (L.) Hoff o m .
Gra ss fern Polypodi a cea e or Fern Fa mi ly
Stems: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB :2
Djetflg utgi fl : Suspected on the Willamette NF ; documented on Umpqua NF
: u uu . M et Cliff crevices and tal s slopes , s ally in moist sites
n : u A U .S. Re ge Western E rope and sia , western
De sefl p ttofl : Pl a nt with a slender rhizome ; blades not divided but leaves often forked - u 6 l on slender and grass like . Stipe m ch longer than the blade ; leaf as a whole less than g and wide .
I nna te: Rock quarry ing ; rock climbers .
H A Refetefl ees: Not in itchcock , brams or
Peck . The best source is the original
i : A. 1 969 . The descr ption Lang , Frank First Record of Asplenium septentrionale Am ri L . Hoffm . in O regon . e een gem
Photo : David Wagner Arnica
1 Lang , 969 Aster gorma n l l (Pi p er) B l a ke
’ Gorma n s a ster Composita e or Sunflower Fa mi ly
fl a me : FW S: C2; O R : C ; O NHDB : 1
Qtstfltzutjen: Documented on the Sweet Home and Detroit R Ds on the Willamette National
Forest ; also found on the Mt. Hood NF .
: D r x uu - Ha bita t y , e posed scree slopes and rock shelves within them , s ally north facing , mid i u . A Ab es rocera Ts a to high elevations to feet) ssociated with p , g mertensi a na Coma nd ra umb e/l a ta Arctosta h l os neva d ensi s Juni erus communi s , , p y , p , Ca l oced rus d ecurrens Tsua herero h l l a "a ro h l l um tena x Achi l l ea Ia nul osa A rosti s , g p y , p y , , g
' vri i l i r I i f i P n m r r A i l us. a a b s n ca a t o a Fra ena Juncus s . e ste on oce , , g , p , and p
BM : Central Cascades of O regon ; endemic to Willamette and Mt. Hood N Fs.
Qesefi p ttofl : Perennial with a creeping rhizome which produces across
- 1 3 d m . u tall Leaves are sessile , gland lar ,
- 1 3 u . entire , cm long ; lower leaves are red ced Heads are usually solitary and terminal on the stems ; ray flowers are white to pink or laven 2- 4 der and discs flowers yellow , mm across
1 . B and cm long racts are in a spiral , green
- a nd . tipped , loose , ovate sharp pointed Gorman ’ s aster is related to i i us A. a uc ca t p p , which differs in having broad - n u t lanceolate ovate i vol cral brac s , lacking the short sparse pubescence on the underside of
the leaves and more southern range . Aster h /l us rm ni i A. l ed o go a hybridizes with p y , which i n t u differs having cot ony , not gland lar to
- u u . gland lar hairy , leaf p bescence
M i ng : July to September
Timber harvest ; road building ; gravel operations ; hikers and trail maintenance ; u g col l ecti on i n the wild ; competitors ca sing shading or i ncreased moisture if habitat sta bi
Ii z ed .
: . 9 1 V ol . 5 . 86 . Betetertces: Hitchcock p , , p
2. P : H m :V ol . 4 . 3 6 Abrams , p hoto er Fitz Bleemlngzl une
H u 1 975 itchcock and Cronq ist ,
orOpening/loss
u 1 975 Hitchcock and Cronq ist , B otri chi um mi nga nense V i ctori n
Gra y moonwort ’ Ophi oglossa cea e or Add er s Tongue Fa mi ly
g a tes: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O N HDB :2
i D u H R D M . H . q Qii l fi bmfl t: oc mented on the Sweet ome on the Willamette N F and t ood NF : M Thua l i ca ta Ha bjta t oist forest on slopes of always near water; associated with j p , Acer ci rci na tum Oxa l i s tri l l i fol i a u , , moss , and often fo nd with other members of the species , especially Botrychi um mul ti fi d um in our area; middle elevations
: B u Q u u u rt M e Great Lakes to Colorado ; ritish Col mbia to ebec ; thro gho t California , no h
to O regon .
i : Pl a n 1 5 QeseLp tLQtt t slender and somewhat fleshy , to cm in height ; sterile segments but simply pinnate , lobes somewhat folded together not overlapping so that lowest several pairs tend to embrace the base of the fertile stalk; fertile segment 4 times longer than the sterile segment; apical pinnae become gradually reduced in size ; fertile segment u u3 emerges and overtops the sterile segment early in development , ending p abo t cm in
height . Can be confused with Botry chi um Iunul a ri a but the two may be separated basedon leaf
morphology ; B . mi nga nense has (a) narrower u1 0 pinnae vers s mm) , (b) a broadly u u 0 c neate base (vers s a cordate base) , ( ) lower margin of the pinnae are ascending (rather than desce nding) and (d) the pin nae do
not ovefla p .
Peni l e:August- September
hr :T i n I ea ts imber harvest , change hydrology
or op eni ng/ l oss of the canopy cover.
R f r n : M T 1 979 wI Q e e e ees ichael , John , , Ho
Duuu. B Co. rown , b q e
T T.M . 1 973 n r aylor , , , I l1e Eerns a d Ee g m i B u a l li esa tBritish Qn b a , ritish Col mbia
i l u m V . no a M seu , ictoria
W H. . 1 983 Wagner , . and F Wagner , , “ Genus Communities As A Systematic Tool I n the Study of the NewWorld B otry chi um
- Temp 63 . Photo : Courtney Loomis fl becomesextre
Meats:Hikers
T 1 973 aylor , B r ot i c h i um p um i col a C ov. i n U nd erw.
Pumi ce gra p ef ern ’ Ophi oglossa cea e or Add er s To ngue Fa mi ly
g a tes : FW S: C 1 ; O R : C ; O N HDB : 1
M i l an: Suspected on the Willamette NF ; documented on the Deschutes N F ' P u M . T S . ( a lina tns , hree ister s Wilderness) and in Klamath Co (Crater on the east side of the Cascades .
: Pu uu A Ha bi ta t mice gravel , no h m s , at high elevations (above fter snowmelt soil becomes extremely d ry .
- : Mi d O Mt. S . Haa ge Cascades in regon to hasta , California
: P u 8 - 22 1 Qesefl p ti a n lants sto t , fleshy , cm high ; fertile and sterile segments erect ; fronds 26- 1 4 r x 3 uu , cm in length ; ste ile blade sessile , leathery , appro imately cm and s ally ter na tel u - u u divided ; sporophyll with tip rec rved , sessile or short stalked , eq aling or s rpassing y u u sterile blade , panic late ; old leaf bases remain , forming a sheath aro nd the lower half of plant .
Eenue: July - September
I hrea ts: Hikers trampling plants ; collection .
Photo : David Wagner m meet:Strea
A 1 923 brams , Calamag rostis b reweri Thurb .
’ Brewer s reed gra ss Gra mi nea e or Gra ss Fa mi ly
Sta tus: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB : 2
Qi stflb a ti q n: Documented on the Detroit R D of the Willamette National Forest and on the
Mt. Hood NF .
: Strea mba nks u Ha bi ta t , lake margins , moist s balpine to alpine meadows
a n : u O S - T S Ca lifor fl R ge Clackamas Co nty , regon to almon rinity Mtns and ierra Nevada in nia .
Desefl p ti oi t: The taxonomy of this p l a nt is difficult . Note the very narrow leaves tufted
u r . The the base of the plant and p rple colo i ng of the florets length of the twisted awn , x u -2 which e ceeds the gl me by mm , 4 - u - 4 and the shallowly toothed gl me , The mm in length , are distinctive . lemma
is shallowly toothed . The plant is gla u - 3 d m u bro s , in height with ro nded
- Iigules and panicles 3 8 cm in length .
Consult a professional for identification .
B l eemi n g : July- August
I h rea ts: Change in hydrology ; timber
harvest ; hikers trampling plants .
: H : . 628 V ol . 1 Beferea ees itchcock p , ,
- p . 523 4 .
A : V ol . 1 . 1 57 . brams , p
Photo :Je nny Dimling l od i cul n
inSis Mt.Eddy
H u 1 7 itchcock and Cronq ist , 9 5
' CronquistsFlo
H u 1 975 itchcock and Cronq ist , x v l . W i l l Care li id a (W a h ) d .
Pa l e Sedg e Cypera cea e or Sedge Fa m i ly
Sta tus: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O N HDB :2
Di sti i bti ti a n:This plant is suspected on the Willamette National Forest ; it is documented on the Mount Hood NF .
Ha bita t: Low elevation bogs and swamps .
n : u u M M Ha" g e Circ mboreal ; so th to western Washington , northwest ontana , ichigan and
u . New Jersey , disj nct in northwest California
Qesa ri bti oa z This plant keys out into Group the Ca rexspecies in Hitchcock and ’ C ronqui sts Flora of the Pacific Northwest ; it more than 2spikes and 3 deciduous stigmas . Leaves are 1 mm wide . The t u brac s , which s btend atleast the lowest - 5 spike , have a well developed sheath of but mm in length , the bracts are not taller than the inflorescence . Spikes only have
5 to 1 5 flowers . The pe rigynium is gla u bro s , not compressed , beakless (or almost so) and densely pimpled .
Th rea ts: Change in hydrology of wet habitats .
: . 586 V ol . 1 R ef eren ees: Hitchcock p , ,
- p . 285 6 .
22. : V ol . 1 . 3 Abrams , p
Photo : Peter Lesica H c C nu 1 975 itch ock and ro q ist , C imicifuga elata Nutt.
Ta l l Bugba ne Ra nuncula cea e or Buttercup Fa mi ly
Sta tus : FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB : 1 b i sti i buti a n: Extant populations are located on Sweet Home and Lowell R 03 and historical populations were found on B lue River R D on the Willamette National Forest . Populations
x on no but u S D BLM . e ist other National Forests , on the E gene and alem istricts of the
: M conif erous/ d eci d uous mix . A Ha bi ta t oist woods , a , at lower elevations ssociated species u Pseud otsua men i esi i Tsua hetero h l l a Acer ma cro h l l um incl de an overstory of g z , g p y , p y ' a nd Ta xus brevi fol ra Ara /l a nud i ca ul i s A er ci rci na tum R i bes bra cteosum , a shrub layer of , c , , Aruncus s l vester R ubus a rvi florus B erb eri s nervosa y and p , and an herb layer consisting of ,
'
Pol sti chum muni tum Ad ra nfum ed a tum Oxa li s ore a na V a ncouvri a hexa nd ra . y , p g and e I Plants often grow associated with rocky C l ff S and/ or ri parian areas .
: Chel l a m un u O Ha a ge Co ty , Washington to Lane Co nty , regon , on the west side of the
Cascades .
: P m 1 - 2 u u - bescti bti a rt erennial with a ste m , p bescent gland lar; maple like leaflets 4 - 1 2 - u shallowly lobed , cm , ovate orbic lar , fi nely serrate -dentate ; inflorescence a closely u u flowered panicle , gland lar; flowers apetalo s , 4 5 sepals ( ) , cream to pinkish , shed at anthe - 1 sis ; stamens many , cream colored ; follicles
2 u . or , s bsessi le Look- alikes i nclude some of the most com mon shrubby species on the forest : Acer k ma r h l l um Fl ubus a rvi fl ora Actea rubra c op y , p ,
' In l l a nd Fl rb es b ra cteosa a of these plants , the l leaf shape is similar. The ta l bugbane may be most easily disti nguished by its biternately compou nd leaflets with fuzzy pedu ncles and its elo ngate inflorescence . Si nce flowers have
m n . no petals , sta e s are all one sees Fruits are brown a nd look like inflated pea pods . g lea mi ng : June - July
I bi ea ts:Ti mber harvest ; change in hydrology or cover.
'
: 1 28 V ol . 2 Rei ei enees: Hitchcock p . ; ,
- p . 3 3 7 8 .
m : V ol . 2 . 1 79 . Abra s , p Photo : Lois Kemp westernsloot
H u 1 975 itchcock and Cronq ist , Frasera ump q ua en si s Peck Ap p l eg .
Umpqua swerti a G enti a na cea e or G enti a n Fa m i ly
fl a ws : FW S:C2; O R : None ; O NHDB : 1
Qisti ib uti a u: Documented on Lowell and Oakridge R Ds of the Willamette NF . Al so located
u Si ski ou uNFs u D ELM . on Rog e River, y and Umpq a and the E gene istrict of the
: u m u Ha bita t Edges between open s balpine woods and moist eadows , in damp areas nder u b u . The U S rt u e the canopy , and one pop lation in a beargrass bald mpq a we ia is fo nd
- - 000 1 3 501 950 . u u Abi es tween and 5 ( m) Us ally fo nd in dominated forests , associ
' ' R hod od end ron Tri fol i um howel ri R ud b ecki a occi d enta l i s Prend i a m a ui l i num ated with , , , q , P rol a i cta Chi ma hi l a umb el l a ta Di cen tra formosa Achi l l ea Ia nul osa A oseri s y p , p , , , g a ura nti ca A ui l e i a form osa Aster l ed o h l l us Ca rex enns l va ni ca Da nthoni a , q g , p y , p y , ca li forni ca Eri o h l l um Ia na tum Seneci o tri a n ul a ri s El mus l a uca Sa lix Si d a l cea , p y , g , y g , ,
' cusi cki i Scrr us mi croca r us. , p p
m n u u O T Cc . Bm ge; Fro La e County thro gh so thwestern regon to rinity , California , western slope of the O regon Cascades .
:T u 5 - 1 1 b eseflp ti ei t all biennial ; stern glabro s , d m; ba sa l leaves oblanceolate to sub-sp a tu 20- 4 0 u late , cm long ; ca line leaves in whorls of - 1 - 2d m 3 5 ; inflorescence a dense panicle , x long ; caly cleft nearly to the base , corolla u x - scarcely eq aling the caly , pale yellow green u eta l r or bl ish or white , each p with a f inged
- 4 u x . gland , parted , fo nd in leaf a ils The most distinctive feature of this plant is its upri ght inflorescence which is similar to ’ beargrass . O ne ma y see last year s spike the following spring . - u Lui na stri cta A look alike to watch o t for is , whose leaves are of the same texture as the ’ ’ H Lui na s Swertia s . owever , leaves are not whorled and flowers are very different . ma gnum : July- August
I bi ea ts: Loggi ng ; change i n the hydrology of wet areas ; grazing .
2. : V l . 3 . 3 6 Bei etenees:Abrams o , p Photo : Warren Pavlat 1 923 Abrams ,
H u 1 itchcock and Cronq ist , 975 Hieraciu m b oland eri G ra y
’ Bol a nd er s h a wkweed Composita e or Sunflower Fa mi ly
g a tes: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB : 2
Qistflbyti a n: Located on the Rigdon R D of the Willamette National Forest . Also found on
Rogue River and Si skiyouNFs.
Ha b i ta t: Dry to moist open woods and steep rocky slopes from to of ten below
timberline .
z D u ur u O Hu u Bfi flgfi o glas , C r y , Josephine and Jackson Co nties in regon to mboldt Co nty ,
California .
: S 1 - 3 d rn u x u besei i p ti ei t lender perennial , ; stems ca de , nbranched below; ba sa l - 7 u leaves cm , spat late , sessile , entire to denticulate with long hairs ; open u x inflorescence , glabro s e cept for an occasional small linear hairy bract ; i nvol u u t 8- 9 cre glabro s , of en blackish tinged , l on 3 - 1 0 mm g ; heads , pale yellow (rarely k white) ; achenes linear , dar brown and
3 u . striated , mm , papp s white to tawny Hi era ci um bol a nd eri ma y hybridize with
H. a lbi f/orum and others within the genus .
m a gna te: June - August
I h rea ts:Ti mber harvest .
- : A : V ol . 4 . 598 9 . Hetebea ca s brams , p 0)
Photo : Wayne Rolle A 1 92 brams , 3 Lycopod i um i n un d a tum L .
North ern bog club moss Lycopodi a cea e or Clubmoss Fa mi ly
Sta tus: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHD B : 2 b i sti i b uti eb : Documented on Blue River and Sweet Home R Ds of the Willamette National
Forest . Also located on the Siuslaw NF.
Ha bita t: O pen sphagnum bogs from coast to mountains ; associated with Drosera
rotund i fol i a and V a cci ni um occi d enta l e. Grows on scoured banks or on floating logs at middle elevations
n : u . Ha" g e Interrupted circ mboreal
De seflp ti oa : Freely - rooting main stem which gives rise to upri ght branches which termi L co od i um a nnoti num s oro h l l ous nate in cones . Unlike y p , the p p y leaves are very similar to — n . The the vegetative leaves entire , li ear, tapering to a point difference is that the sporo
x . uri phyll leaves have e panded bases Cones are sessile , p ght , terminal and ellipsoid globose in shape .
Eeni i e: July-August
Th rea ts: Elk thrash ground with antlers digging up vegetation ; any action which changes the hydrology of the bog .
Photo : David Wagner sp orop hyl l
H u 1 7 itchcock and Cronq ist , 9 5 Lycopod iu m selago L .
Fi r clubmoss Lycopodi a cea e or Clubmoss Fa mi ly
g a tes : FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB :2 msti i buti gn : Suspected on the Willamette National Forest ; documented sites occur on
Mt. Hood NF and the Salem District of the BLM .
Ha bi ta t: I n our area fir clubmoss is most common in streamside habitats under a dense M i te/Ia ova /i s O l o a na x Bl e hnum s i c nt xa l i moist canopy associated with moss , , p p , c p a , O s l vi f ore a na Tsua hetero h l a Acer ci rci na tum V a cci ni um a r ol i um Co ti s Ia ci ni a ta . g , g p y , , p , p
- Most are found at low to mid elevation in the Tsuga heterop hy/Ia zone . Fir clubmoss has
' n u - Abi es a ma bi l rs also bee fo nd in bogs and on shaded rocks in arctic alpine regions , in the
x u . zone , and on e posed cliffs and tal s slopes
Ra nge: Circumboreal ; scattered throughout O regon .
i : S Hescb p ti a n tems are erect , forming a Qi ti si fl of leafy shoots ; plant with elongate sporo h l l L co od i um i nund a tum p y s (like y p ) that are not very different from vegetative leaves , sporophyll zones alternate with vegetative zones in the leafy shoot clumps .
Feni l e: September
Threa ts:Ti mber harvest .
Photo : Lois Kemp sp orop hyl l
H u 1 7 itchcock and Cronq ist , 9 5
u 1 975 Hitchcock and Cronq ist , Oxypolis occid entalis Coul t R ose
Cow - ba ne or W estern occi d enta l i s Umbellifera e or Ca rrot Fa mi ly
Sta tus: FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB : 2
Qi stflbutia n: Documented on the Blue River R D of the Willamette National Forest .
Ha b ita t: Mountain springs and bogs .
fla nge: Cascade mountains of southern O regon to Sierra Nevada and Sa n Bernadino
Mountains of California .
: Pl n u u fleserjp ti gn a t an erect aq atic herb; most easily disting ished by its simple pinnate , ovate to lanceolate and crenate leaves and by its simple to sparingly branched stem . Up
- . u 1 2 per leaves become fewer and lanceolate to linear lnvol cre bracts , flowers white or - i purp le . Carpels have prominent nerves which make them looked 5 r bbed .
B l eemi n g : July -August
I bi ea ts: Change in hydrology of the wet habitat .
- 24 4 . f r n :A : V ol . 3 . 3 R e e e ses brams , p
Photo : Carolyn Close 1 923 Abrams , Pellaea a n d romed a ef ol i a (K a uf .) Fee
Coffee fern Polypodi a cea e or Fern Fa m i ly
Sta tus : FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB :2
Qistflbuti a n: Suspected on the Willamette National Forest ; documented locations occur in
D u a u but . o glas and L ne co nties , not on federal land
- Ha bita t: Western O regon inland valleys on non calcareous rock at mid to low elevations .
- fl a nge: Mi d O regon down to southern California .
: 4 - 24 fleseflb tib n Rhizome slender , creeping , with distant fronds ; fronds inches ; stipe u bi - u ova l ro nd , yellow , glabrous ; blade to tri pinnate , triang lar to in shape with entire to lobed margins ; fertile segments curved under while ste ri le ones flat; blades d ul l green to - ur a l e reddish p ple above , p or yellowish green below; rachis and stipe with slight whitish bloom .
: A :V l . 1 . 3 0. flefetenees brams o , p
Photo : C .L . Weber A 1 923 brams , Poa Iaxiflora Buckl .
Loose- flowered bluegra ss Gra m i nea e or Gra ss Fa mi ly
S a tus: FW S: None ; O R : C ; O NHDB : 1
Qi stnibuti a n: Suspected on the Willamette National Forest . Populations are documented on the Siuslaw and Mt. Hood NFs.
Ha b i ta t: Moist woods composed of mixed stands of conifer and deciduous trees or alder i flats , within moist zone of ripar an areas ; prefer partial shade and gentle slopes ; associated u Pol sti chum muni tum Bromus Oxa li s Ca rex Ga l i um species incl de y , , , , and other moist site indicators ; found from near sea l evel to low elevations in the mountains .
: S u A O P u u u O o ul a fla nge o thern laska to the lympic enins la , so th thro gh regon ; most p p tions are found along the Coast Range .
- ti esgi ip ti on : Rhizomatous perennial 3 4 ft. in height ; stems not clustered leaf sheaths and uu u u 3 - 5 2- 4 blades s ally retrorsely scabro s , Iig les mm long , blades mm wide ; inflorescence 1 0- 1 5 3 4 - 5 - 6 an open drooping panicle , cm long ; spikelets or flowered , mm long ; lemmas webbed at base and pubescent on the keel ; florets perfect . Consult a professional for identification .
Photo : Da n Luoma H u 1 7 itchcock and Cronq ist , 9 5
H u 1 97 itchcock and Cronq ist , 5 R omanz offia th omp son i i
' Thompson s m i st m a i d en Hydrophyll a cea e or W a terlea f Fa mi ly
fi a tus : FW S: 3 C ; O R : None ; O N HDB : 1 b isti ib utib n: Populations are documented on all 7 Ranger Districts of the Willamette
National Forest . It is a l so documented on Umpqua NF .
: M 1 200 Ha bita t oist , steep , seeping open drainage slopes from lower to mid elevations , ( , A u H l i i l i l l . o od scus d sco or M te a soil is rocky and shallow ssociated species incl de ,
' ' ' ' breweri M onti a si bi ri ca Del hrni um men i esi i Mi mul u utta u um nutta l l ri . , , p z , s g t s and Sed
fla nge: Central O regon Cascades only .
Th - fleseLi bti Qn:This is the only known annual R oma nz offi a . e stem is several branched ; 3 5 - Iobed u l uu u uu 3 - 5 leaves ( ) , cl stered basally , ear y decid o s , ca line s ally opposite and x x r u u 2 mm , silky hairs in leaf a ils ; flowers a illa y , petals white with a yellow t be ; caps le celled , flattened .
Summi ng :April - June
I bi eats:Q uarrying ; roadbuilding .
M egs: NOt i n any key .
P hoto : David Wagner V alerie Sloane Scheuchz eria pa lustris va r. americana L .
Scheuchz ena Sch euch z eri a cea e Fa mi ly
Sta tus : FW S: None ; O R : None ; O NHDB :2
D ri uti e : T u S H B u O i st b n his plant is doc mented on weet ome , l e River and akridge
R Ds of the Willamette National Forest . It is also found on the Mount Hood NF .
Ha bi ta t: In sphagnum bogs and along lake margins in boreal zones . Scheuchzeri a is often
Ca rexs . D rosera s . V a cci ni um ul i i nosum Ka /mi a mi cro h l l a associated with p , p , g , p y ,
Tofi e/d i a l a nd ul osa P otenti l l a a l ustri s . g , p and other bog plants
n : A S u . Ra ge laska to ierra Co nty , California
i : P u - l a nt 1 0- 4 0 flesca bti on erennial r sh like p with rhizomes ; leaves cm , ones at the base u u u u persistent , those at the top red ced to sheathing bracts ; prominent lig le at j nct re of 1 0- 1 2 3 1 2- u sheath and blade , mm in length ; racemes to flowered ; pedicels spread in fr it
- 25 u x. 3 (to mm) ; perianth greenish white and membraneo s , segments oblong and appro
- - - mm ; fruit a 4 8 mm follicle which appears inflated and is 3 parted and straw colored .
T l a nt . The his p may be seen , by practiced eye , on aerial photos areas which this plant inhabits appear reddish .
B l eemi ng : Ma y- July
Th rea ts: Change i n hydrology .
Photo : David Wagner H u 1 7 itchcock and Cronq ist , 9 5 Sisyrinch iu m sarmentosu m Suksd . exG reen .
' Suksd orf s Blue- Eyed gra ss i ri da cea e or Iri s Fa mi ly
Sta tus: FW S: C2; O R : C ; O NHDB : 1
b istri buti a n: Suspected on the Willamette National Forest ; documented on the Mt. Hood and Gifford Pinchot NFs.
Ha b i ta t: Margins of mesic meadows and stream zones .
fla nge: Canada to eastern Washington and North Dakota .
flesa i i p ti a n: Stems grow in small leafless tufts which grow to 2 mm ta l l ; bracts of the x u u spathe linear, the inner e ceeding the pedicels , the o ter m ch longer than the inner;
u u . sepals and petals from pale to dark blue or p rplish , yellow at the base ; caps le globose O ne Si s ri nchi um other species of y , u S. i d a hoense , may be conf sed with
S. sa rmentosum. They may be separated by a variety of tepal characters ;
8 . sa rmentosum tepals have no ema rgi n u uta ation , are pale bl e and have an Q r tepal l ength/ wi d th ratio of to while
8 . i d a hoense has emarginate outer tepals which are dark blue and have a length/ A width ratio of greater than lso , ’ Suksd orf s blue - eyed grass has a wide hyaline margin near the apexof the inner bract . Si sy ri nchi um i d a hoense lacks this bract character.
Stea mi ng : June - July
I bLea ts:Ti mber harvest .
:A : V ol . 1 . 4 66 . brams , p H D u enderson , o glas M 1 976 “ A B , iosystematic Study of Pacific North western Blue - Eyed S u Grasses ( isyrinchi m , ri i fl tt a , 28 :1 4 9 - 76 Photo : Lois Kemp H u 1 97 itchcock and Cronq ist , 5
H a nd 1 975 itchcock Cronquist , W olffia col umb iana K a rst.
W a ter- M ea l Lem na cea e or Duckweed Fa mi ly
ma tus: FW S: None ; O R : No ne ; O NHDB :2
Qisti ibutia n: Suspected on the Willamette National Forest ; documented on the Mount
Hood N F.
: P W . uncta ta Az oI/a Lemna S i rod el a . Ha b i ta t onds ; associated with p , , and p
: u S u A but our . fla ng e Widely distrib ted in North and o th merica , rare in area
flesa ri p tia n: Pl a nt floating just below the surface of the water body ; thallus ovoid to
- u 1 l on 1 6 . s bglobose , scarcely mm g , body greenish , stomata Th W ol ffi a uncta ta u e closest relative , p , has an oblong thall s , white to brown pockmarks on both surf aces and numerous stomates .
: . I ni ea ts Changes in hydrology , sedimentation
- : H u : . 677 78 V ol . 1 73 5 . flei eLences itchcock and Cronq ist p , ,
u 1 975 Hitchcock and Cronq ist ,
G lossary of Pl a nt Names
Common Na me
Abies amabilis Pacific silver fir Abies lasiocarpa Subalpine fir Abies procera Noble fir Acer circinatum V ine maple Acer macrophyllum Big - leafed ma p l e Achillea lanulosa Yarrow Actaea rubra Red baneberry Adiantum pedatum Lady fern Agoseri s a ura nti ca O range mountai n dandelion Agrostis exa ra ta Spike bentgrass Ag rostis variabilis V ariant bentgrass Aquilegia formosa Red columbine A u sa rsa ri l l a ralia nudica lis Wild p , aralia Arctostaphylos nevadensis Ki nni cki nni ck Arnica Iatifolia Mountain arnica Arnica venosa V einy arnica Aruncus sylvester Goatsbeard Aster l ed op hyl lus Cascade aster Aster p a uci ca p itus O lympic Mountain aster Azolla Water fern Berberi s ne rvosa Cascade oregon grape Blechnum spicant Deer fern Botrychium multifi dum Leathery g ra p ef ern Botrychium Iu nulari a Moonwort Bromus Brome grass Calocedrus decurrens Incense cedar ' Carexbreweri Brewe r s sedge Carexpensylvanica Long - stolon sedge ’ Chi mop hi l a umbellata Prince s pine Comandra umbellata Fake toadflax Coptis laciniata O regon goldthread Danthonia californica California oa tgra ss Delphinium menziesii Menzies ’ Iarkspur Dicentra formosa Bleeding heart Drosera rotundifolia Sundew Elymus glaucus Blue wheatgrass or western rye- grass Eri ophyllum lanatum O regon sunshine E m m H n quisetu hye ale orsetail , scouri g rush Fra geri a Strawberry Fraxinus Iatifolia O regon ash Galium Bedstraw G lossary of Pl a nt Names
Common Na me
Gentiana algida Whitish gentian Hieracium a lbif l orum White -flowered hawkweed Holodiscus discolor Ocean spray Juncus effusus Soft or common rush Juniperus communis Mountain juniper Kalmia microphylla Small - leafed kalmia Lemna Duckweed Luina stricta Tongue - leafed luina Lycopodium annotinum Stiff clubmoss ' Mimulus guttatus Yellow mo nkeyflower ' Mitella breweri Brewe r s mitrewort Mitella ovalis Oval - leafed mitrewort Montia sibirica M iner' s lettuce O plopanaxhorridum Devil ' s club
' Oxalis oregana O regon wood - sorrel Oxalis tri l lifol i um Tri llium - leaved wood- sorrel Penstemon Penstemon or bea rd stongue Penstemon procerus Small - flowered penstemon Picea breweriana Weepi ng spruce Pinus albicaulis White pine Pinus monticola Western white pine Polygonum a choreum Knotweed Polystichum munitum Common sword f em Potentilla palustris Marsh ci nquefoil Pseudotsuga menz i esu Douglas fir Pte ridium aquilinum Bracke n fern Pyrola picta White -veined pyrola or W intergreen Rhodode ndron Rhodode ndron Ribes bracteosum Stink cu rra nt Rosa gymnocarpa Ba ld hi p or little wild rose Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry Rudbeckia occidentalis Coneflower Salix Willow Sci rpus microcarpus Small - fruited bulrush ’ Sedum nutta l i i Nutta l s stonecrop ' Sidalcea cusickii Cusick s checkerma l l ow Sisyrinchium id a hoense Idaho blue- eyed grass Senecio tri angularis Arrow- leaved groundsel Spiraea douglasii Douglas spiraea Spirodela Great duckweed Taxus brevifolia Pacific yew G lossary of Plant Names
Thuja plicata Weste rn red c edar Tofieldia glandulosa Tofieldia Trifolium howellii Howell ' s or bigleaf clover Tsuga heterophylla Weste rn hemlock Tsuga mertensiana Mountain hemlock V acci niu m parvifolium Red hucklebe rry V accinium occidentale Western bog blueberry V ancouveria hexa nd ra Inside- out flower Wolffia punctata Water- meal "erophyllum tenax Beargrass
R eferences
A 1 923 . . S P brams , Leroy . Illustrated flora of the pacific states tanford University ress ,
Stanfo rd .
1 V u H . A. u M . O . . T . 955 . itchcock , C L Cronq ist , wnby and J W hompson asc lar plants of
P S . the pacific northwest . University of Washington ress , eattle
l ni um se tentri ona l e . H . O . A. 1 969 . The r As e Lang , Frank first reco d of p p L offm in regon
American fern journal .
roleorWinterreen - u i u . B g T T M 1 7 . Th B aylor , . . C . 9 3 e ferns and fern allies of r tish Col mbia ritish Col mbia pro
vi nci a l uu V i . m se m , ictor a