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Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Gil Revisão Taxonômica E Análise Cladística Dos Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Gil Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística dos gêneros de tarântulas arborícolas Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1985 e Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). São José do Rio Preto 2018 Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Gil Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística dos gêneros de tarântulas arborícolas Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1985 e Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Dissertação apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Rogério Bertani. São José do Rio Preto 2018 Gil, Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística dos gêneros de tarântulas arborícolas Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1985 e Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae) / Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Gil. -- São José do Rio Preto, 2018 132 f. : il. Orientador: Rogério Bertani Dissertação (mestrado) – Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas 1. Ecologia animal. 2. Aranha. 3. Biologia – Classificação. I. Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio deMesquita Filho". Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas. II. Título. CDU – 595.4 Ficha catalográfica elaborada pela Biblioteca do IBILCE UNESP - Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto Yeimy Lizeth Cifuentes Gil Revisão taxonômica e análise cladística dos gêneros de tarântulas arborícolas Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1985 e Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 (Araneae: Theraphosidae: Aviculariinae). Dissertação apresentada como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de Mestre em Biologia Animal, junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, do Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas da Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Câmpus de São José do Rio Preto. Financiadora: CNPq Comissão Examinadora Prof. Dr. Rogério Bertani Instituto Butantan – São Paulo Orientador Dra. Caroline Sayuri Fukushima Instituto Butantan – São Paulo Dr. Fernando Perez-Miles Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de La República de Uruguay São José do Rio Preto 22 de Fevereiro 2018 Aos três pilares da minha vida: meus pais Víctor Cifuentes e Leonor Gil, e à minha irmã Mariana Cifuentes, minhas forças e esperança. AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais Víctor e Leonor, principal exemplo, motor e fonte de inspiração, meu apoio e companhia durante todos os caminhos da minha vida e minha irmã Mariana que ainda na distância estão presentes como luz no caminho. Aos meus irmãos Alexander e Omar, pelo apoio durante estes anos. Também quero agradecer profundamente ao professor Rogerio Bertani, por ter aberto as portas de seu laboratório, por permitir-me ser sua estudante, pela paciência, confiança e apoio; ao Carlos Perafán e Juan Pablo Botero pelas orientações durante a elaboração do trabalho, conselhos, apoio, mas, principalmente, pela amizade. A Rick West, que doou grande parte dos espécimes, contribuindo de grande maneira ao desenvolvimento do projeto; ao Laboratório de Ecologia e Evolução do Instituto Butantan, o lugar que me acolheu durante estes dois anos; à agencia financiadora CNPq pelo processo [190543/2015- 9] e ao Programa PEC-PG, por incentivar o estudo de estudos de pós-graduação para estudantes latino-americanos. Aos curadores das coleções, que gentilmente enviaram os espécimes utilizados no presente trabalho e ao Laboratório de Biologia Celular do Instituto Butantan pelo uso do Microscópio de Varredura. Quero agradecer às almas bonitas da minha vida e aos meus amigos que encontrei pelo caminho: Ao Aramys, pela sua ajuda com correções de português e amizade, e aos meus companheiros de laboratório Pedro, Caroline, Irene e André, pelo apoio e amizade; às minhas irmãs no Brasil: Maita, Mariana, Gineth, Elisa, pelas risadas, piadas, conselhos e amizade, por fazer cargas leves e momentos felizes. Ao “tico” Arturo e ao Danilo, aqueles que me receberam como em casa em São José do Rio Preto, pelas conversações, risadas e amizade. Ao Brad Zamft, pelo conselho, palavra, abraço, pelo apoio, por estar sempre presente ainda em tempos de distância. Igualmente ao Mathias Weibel, Dani Martinez e Dani Espejo grandes amigos na distância, aqueles que tem sido um suporte constante, sempre presentes. Finalmente agradeço todas aquelas pessoas que me apoiaram e contribuíram neste processo de formação. Obrigada. “Exploration is in our nature. We began as wanderers, and we are wanderers still. We have lingered long enough on the shores of the cosmic ocean. We are ready at last to set sail for the stars.” Carl Sagan RESUMO Os gêneros Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 e Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 são revisados, e a maioria das espécies são redescritas, chaves taxonômicas para a identificação de espécies são propostas e mapas de distribuição são apresentados. Tapinauchenius é composto pelas espécies: Tapinauchenius plumipes (C. L. Koch, 1842), Tapinauchenius latipes L. Koch, 1875 e Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837). Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidt & Bauer, 1996 é sinonimizada com Tapinauchenius latipes, e Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995 e Tapinauchenius gigas Caporiacco, 1954 são consideradas sinônimos-júniores de Tapinauchenius plumipes. Tapinauchenius concolor (Caporiacco, 1947) é considerada “nomem dubium”. Tapinauchenius elenae Schmidt, 1994 e Tapinauchenius subcaeruleus Bauer & Antonelli, 1997 são transferidas para Psalmopoeus e as novas combinações Psalmopoeus elenae (Schmidt, 1994) n. comb., e Psalmopoeus subcaeruleus (Bauer & Antonelli, 1997) n. comb. são estabelecidas. Psalmopoeus é composto por 14 espécies: Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895, Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus intermedius Chamberlin, 1940, Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994, Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006, Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925, Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880), Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014, Psalmopoeus elenae (Schmidt, 1994 ) n. comb, Psalmopoeus subcaeruleus (Bauer & Antonelli, 1997) n. comb, e duas espécies novas: Psalmopoeus sp. nov 1 e Psalmopoeus sp. nov 2. Foi efetuada análise cladística com 45 táxons e 84 caracteres utilizando o programa TNT, com pesos iguais (L= 180, Ci 41, Ri= 67) e com pesagem implícita (K weight = 4.909, L= 184, Ci=41, Ri= 66). As duas metodologias usadas recuperaram Tapinauchenius e Psalmopoeus como monofiléticos e grupos irmãos dentro de Aviculariinae. Palavras chave: Tarântulas neotropicais, Psalmopoeinae, Selenocosmiinae, orgão estridulatorio, sistemática. ABSTRACT The arboreal tarantula genera Psalmopoeus Pocock, 1895 and Tapinauchenius Ausserer, 1871 are taxonomically reviewed, the majority of the species are redescribed, taxonomic keys are proposed for species identification and maps with distribution of the species are presented. Tapinauchenius has three valid species: Tapinauchenius plumipes (C. L. Koch, 1842), Tapinauchenius latipes L. Koch, 1875 and Tapinauchenius sanctivincenti (Walckenaer, 1837). Tapinauchenius cupreus Schmidtt & Bauer, 1996 is synonimized with Tapinauchenius latipes, and Tapinauchenius brunneus Schmidt, 1995 and Tapinauchenius gigas Caporiacco, 1954 are considered junior- synonyms of Tapinauchenius plumipes. Tapinauchenius concolor (Caporiacco, 1947) is considered “nomen dubium”. Tapinauchenius elenae Schmidt, 1994 and Tapinauchenius subcaeruleus Bauer & Antonelli, 1997 are transferred to Psalmopoeus making the new combinations Psalmopoeus elenae (Schmidt, 1994) n. comb., and Psalmopoeus subcaeruleus (Bauer & Antonelli, 1997) n. comb., respectively. Psalmopoeus is composed of 14 species: Psalmopoeus cambridgei Pocock, 1895, Psalmopoeus ecclesiasticus Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus emeraldus Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus intermedius Chamberli, 1940, Psalmopoeus irminia Saager, 1994, Psalmopoeus langenbucheri Schmidt, Bullmer & Thierer-Lutz, 2006, Psalmopoeus plantaris Pocock, 1903, Psalmopoeus pulcher Petrunkevitch, 1925, Psalmopoeus reduncus (Karsch, 1880), Psalmopoeus victori Mendoza, 2014, Psalmopoeus elenae (Schmidt, 1994 ) n. comb, Psalmopoeus subcaeruleus (Bauer & Antonelli, 1997) n. comb, two of them newly described: Psalmopoeus sp. nov 1 and Psalmopoeus sp. nov 2. Cladistic analyses for 45 taxa and 84 characters were carried out with TNT program, with equal weights ( L= 180, Ci 41, Ri= 67) and under implied weighting (K weight = 4.909, L= 184, Ci=41, Ri= 66).The two used methodologies recovered Tapinauchenius and Psalmopoeus as monophyletics and as sister groups inside Aviculariinae. Key words: neotropical tarantulas, Psalmopoeinae, Selenocosmiinae, stridulatory organ, systematics. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Figures 1-18. Geral morphological characters…………………………………………...…........34 Figures 19-26. Tapinauchenius plumipes male ….……………….……………………………..42 Figures 27-31. Tapinauchenius plumipes female..........................................................................44 Figures 32-40. Tapinauchenius plumipes, females, spermathecae variation. …………………45 Figures 41-42. Tapinauchenius concolor immature sintypes …………………………………45 Figures 43-47. Lectotype and paralectotype of T. gigas……………………………………….46 Figures 48-59. Tapinauchenius latipes male…………………………………….……….…….49 Figures 60-63. Tapinaucheius latipes female…………………….…………………………….50 Figures 64-72.
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