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Communism and Religion in North India, 1920–47
"To the Masses." Communism and Religion in North India, 1920–47 Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades doctor philosophiae (Dr. phil.) eingereicht an der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin von Patrick Hesse Präsident der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Prof. Dr. Jan-Hendrik Olbertz Dekanin der Kultur-, Sozial- und Bildungswissenschaftlichen Fakultät Prof. Dr. Julia von Blumenthal Gutachter: 1. Michael Mann 2. Dietrich Reetz Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 20. Juli 2015 Abstract Among the eldest of its kind in Asia, the Communist Party of India (CPI) pioneered the spread of Marxist politics beyond the European arena. Influenced by both Soviet revolutionary practice and radical nationalism in British India, it operated under conditions not provided for in Marxist theory—foremost the prominence of religion and community in social and political life. The thesis analyzes, first, the theoretical and organizational ‘overhead’ of the CPI in terms of the position of religion in a party communist hierarchy of emancipation. It will therefore question the works of Marx, Engels, and Lenin on the one hand, and Comintern doctrines on the other. Secondly, it scrutinizes the approaches and strategies of the CPI and individual members, often biographically biased, to come to grips with the subcontinental environment under the primacy of mass politics. Thirdly, I discuss communist vistas on revolution on concrete instances including (but not limited to) the Gandhian non-cooperation movement, the Moplah rebellion, the subcontinental proletariat, the problem of communalism, and assertion of minority identities. I argue that the CPI established a pattern of vacillation between qualified rejection and conditional appropriation of religion that loosely constituted two diverging revolutionary paradigms characterizing communist practice from the Soviet outset: Western and Eastern. -
The History of Photography: the Research Library of the Mack Lee
THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY The Research Library of the Mack Lee Gallery 2,633 titles in circa 3,140 volumes Lee Gallery Photography Research Library Comprising over 3,100 volumes of monographs, exhibition catalogues and periodicals, the Lee Gallery Photography Research Library provides an overview of the history of photography, with a focus on the nineteenth century, in particular on the first three decades after the invention photography. Strengths of the Lee Library include American, British, and French photography and photographers. The publications on French 19th- century material (numbering well over 100), include many uncommon specialized catalogues from French regional museums and galleries, on the major photographers of the time, such as Eugène Atget, Daguerre, Gustave Le Gray, Charles Marville, Félix Nadar, Charles Nègre, and others. In addition, it is noteworthy that the library includes many small exhibition catalogues, which are often the only publication on specific photographers’ work, providing invaluable research material. The major developments and evolutions in the history of photography are covered, including numerous titles on the pioneers of photography and photographic processes such as daguerreotypes, calotypes, and the invention of negative-positive photography. The Lee Gallery Library has great depth in the Pictorialist Photography aesthetic movement, the Photo- Secession and the circle of Alfred Stieglitz, as evidenced by the numerous titles on American photography of the early 20th-century. This is supplemented by concentrations of books on the photography of the American Civil War and the exploration of the American West. Photojournalism is also well represented, from war documentary to Farm Security Administration and LIFE photography. -
A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951
A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951 Submitted to the Faculty of History in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the Faculty of History, University of Cambridge By Ammar Ali Jan (Wolfson College) Supervised by Dr. Shruti Kapila Lahore, Pakistan January 2018 1 A Study in the Formation of Communist Thought in India, 1919-1951 By Ammar Ali Jan (Wolfson College) Summary Despite having roots in 19th century Europe, Marxism had a deep impact on the trajectory of political ideas in the non-European world in the twentieth century. In particular, anti-colonial thinkers engaged productively with Marx’s ideas as part of their struggle against Empire. Yet, little attention has been paid to the displacements and innovations in political thought as a result of this encounter between anti-colonialism and Marxism. This dissertation aims to fill this gap by studying the history of Indian communism, focusing on the first three decades of the communist movement (1921-1950). I claim that this is an ideal time period to interrogate the formation of political ideas in India, since they presented themselves with particular intensity in the midst of an unfolding anti-colonial struggle, and arguably, the birth of the Indian political. The entry of communist ideas into the charged political environment of the 1920s had an impact on the ideological debates within the Indian polity, as well as stamping Indian communism with its own specific historicity. Through a tracing of debates among communist leaders, as well as their non-communist interlocutors, this work seeks to provide a novel lens to consider the relationship between ideas and their historical actualization, or between the universal and its instantiation in the particular. -
Marxism and Beyond in Indian Political Thought: J
MARXISM AND BEYOND IN INDIAN POLITICAL THOUGHT: J. P. NARAYAN AND M. N. ROYfS CONCEPTS OF RADICAL DEMOCRACY Submitted by Eva-Maria Nag For the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy London School of Economics and Political Science University of London 2003 1 UMI Number: U183143 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Dissertation Publishing UMI U183143 Published by ProQuest LLC 2014. Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 F S20<? lot 5 7 3 S Abstract This project aims at a re-interpretation of the work of two Indian political thinkers and activists - M. N. Roy (1887-1954) and J. P. Narayan (1902-1979). In light of their early affiliation with and later rejection of communism, Marxism and nationalism, they have often been reduced to representing an idealistic anti-Marxist strand of the Indian left of the immediate pre-independence and post-independence era. However, their case for radical democracy can and should be revised. Not only does their work run parallel to some important trends within the history of the European left and thus contributes to the history of left thinking in the early to mid 20th century, it may also have a lasting impact. -
Indian Politicalintelligence (IPI) Files, 1912-1950
Finding Aid Indian PoliticalIntelligence (IPI) Files, 1912-1950 Published by IDC Publishers, 2000 • Descriptive Summary Creator: India Office Library and Records. Title: Indian Political Intelligence(IPI) Files Dates (inclusive): 1912-1950 Dates (bulk): 1920-1947 Abstract: Previouslyunavailable material on the monitoring of organisations and individualsconsidered to be a threat to British India. Languages: Language ofmaterials: English, with a few items inUrdu and Hindi. Extent: 624 microfiches; 767 files on 57,811 pages. Ordernumber: IPI-1 - IPI-17 • Location of Originals Filmed from the originals held by: British Library, Oriental & IndiaOffice Collections (OIOC). • History note Indian Political Intelligence was a secret organisation within the IndiaOffice in London, charged with keeping watch on the activities of Indiansubversives (communists, terrorists and nationalists) operating outside India.It reported to the Secretary of State for India through the India Office'sPublic & Judicial Department, and to the Government of India through theIntelligence Bureau of the Home Department. It worked in close collaborationwith the British Government's Security Service (MI.5) and Secret IntelligenceService (MI.6). • Scope and Content The files contain a mass of previouslyunavailable material on the monitoring of organisations and individualsconsidered to be a threat to British India. They include surveillance reportsand intercepts from MI.6, MI.5 and Special Branch, and a large number ofintelligence summaries and position papers. The main thrust -
Information to Users
INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information C om pany 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313 761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9031153 The utilitarian object as appropriate study for art education: An historical and philosophical inquiry grounded in American and British contexts Sproll, Paul Anthony, Ph.D. -
A Journal of the Fine Print Volume Eleven 1988 E L E V E N 1 9 8 8 the TAMARIND PAPERS
THE TAMARIND PAPERS A Journal of the Fine Print Volume Eleven 1988 E L E V E N 1 9 8 8 THE TAMARIND PAPERS EDITOR: Clinton Adams ASSIST ANT EDITOR: Kate Downer CONTRIBUTING EDITOR: Pat Gilmour John Sommers Contributing Editor, 1974-1987 EDITORIAL BOARD: Philip Dennis Cate Van Deren Coke Richard Field Robert Gardner Jules Heller Sinclair H. Hitchings Eugenia Parry Janis Lynton R. Kistler Peter Morse Joann Moser Gustave von Groschwitz Barry Walker Gabriel P. Weisberg Theodore F. Wolff COVER: Willem deKooning. Born 1904. Landscape at Stanton Street. Lithograph, 1971. 76 x 56 em (30 x 22 in). Graham 26 (see page 24). SINGLE COPY PRICE, United States The Tamarind Papers, an annual journal of the fine print, is published by and Canada: $10.00 U.S.; Tamarind Institute, 108 Cornell Avenue, S.E., Albuquerque, New Mexico elsewhere $12.00. SUBSCRIPTIONS, 87106. Telephone 505:277-3901. Tamarind Institute is a division of the Uni United States and Canada: Two versity of New Mexico. issues, $18.00 U.S.; elsewhere, The editor welcomes submission of historical, critical, or technical articles on $23.00 (surface rna~). Back copies topics related to the fine print. Historical and critical articles should be limited are available; see page 78. to nineteenth- and twentieth-century subjects; technical articles may deal with any print medium. Manuscripts and photographs will be returned only © Tamarind Institute, 1988 if accompanied by a stamped, self-addressed envelope. In preparation of All rights reserved . manuscripts, authors should adhere closely to the Chicago Manual of Style. Printed in the United States of Tamarind Institute is not responsible for loss of or injury to unsolicited manu America by the University of New scripts or photographs. -
Rise and Fall of the Communist Movement in India with Special Focus on Kerala
IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 24, Issue 7, Ser. 6 (July. 2019) 16-24 e-ISSN: 2279-0837, p-ISSN: 2279-0845. www.iosrjournals.org Rise and fall of the Communist Movement in India with Special Focus on Kerala Dr.V.D.Radhakrishnan Assistant Professor PG and Research Department of Political Science S N. College, Kollam, Kerala, India Abstract: The British Government in India was keeping watch on the growth of the communist movement in India even from the very beginning of it. In 1924, the Indian Government launched the Cawnpore conspiracy case to arrest the spread of communism in which certain communists were tried for sedition. In the meantime, in December 1925, a conference of the Communist Party of India was convened. The prominent among those who organized the convention was one Satya Bhakta. But, after a few days of its inception, he left it and founded “National Communist Party”. Another communist connected with the formation of the Communist Party of India was Singaravelu Chettiar. Thus, a Communist Party in India was established on the Indian soil in 1925. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----- Date of Submission: 06-07-2019 Date of acceptance: 23-07-2019 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------- I. INTRODUCTION The association of Indian nationalist leaders like Dadabhai Navaroji and Romesh Dutt with the labour and socialist leaders of the West may be cited as the first contact of resurgent India with socialist thought. When Rammohan was in England he happened to meet Robert Owen, the socialist leader. Owen had unsuccessfully tried to convert Rammohan into communism. Mr. Navaroji and Mr. -
Communism and the Telengana Movement of 1946 Emily D
________________________________________________________________ Communism and the Telengana Movement of 1946 Emily D. Moreno Emily Moreno is a graduate student from Grayslake, IL. Her focus is World History, mainly the Middle East and Asia. _____________________________________________________________________________ Human rights are an integral part of human society. They allow people the freedom to make choices, and they protect individuals from coercion by the state or a host of other threats. There are many places on earth, past and present that have created, agreed to, and formulated different conceptions of human rights. Through much of the twentieth century, India’s strict caste system violated all notions of human rights. The lowest caste, Dalits, more commonly known as “untouchables,” were subject to disproportionate human rights violations. As journalist Julie McCarthy explained: For millennia, caste has been the organizing principle of society in India. Determined by birth, caste draws distinctions between communities, determining one's profession, level of education and potential marriage partner. Privileges are reserved for the upper castes and denied the lower ones. The lowliest in this pecking order are the Dalits, once called ‘untouchables’ as they are consigned by the Hindu hierarchy to the dirtiest occupations. It's a sizable community of some 200 million people. The word Dalit comes from a Hindi word meaning ‘oppressed, suppressed, downtrodden.1 Those labeled “untouchable” saw their basic human rights violated through the caste system. The Dalit class had no way to move up in Indian society and culture. During the last years of the British occupation in India, after World War II, resistance movements spread, and Indians demanded independence. -
Number 13-01 COLONIAL ORIGINS of MAOIST INSURGENCY in INDIA
- 1 - CASI WORKING PAPER SERIES Number 13-01 01/2013 COLONIAL ORIGINS OF MAOIST INSURGENCY IN INDIA: LONG TERM EFFECTS OF INDIRECT RULE SHIVAJI MUKHERJEE Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Political Science Yale University [email protected] *Please email before citing* CENTER FOR THE ADVANCED STUDY OF INDIA University of Pennsylvania 3600 Market Street, Suite 560 Philadelphia, PA 19104 http://casi.ssc.upenn.edu/index.htm © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI CENTER FOR THE ADVANCED STUDY OF INDIA © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI - 2 - Acknowledgements: I would like to thank Rikhil Bhavnani, Edwin Camp, Mario Chacon, Kanchan Chandra, Nandini Deo, Thad Dunning, Nikhar Gaikwad, Ronald Herring, Nancy Hite, Lakshmi Iyer, Devesh Kapur, Matthew Lange, Janet Lewis, Jason Lyall, Sanjay Ruparelia, Niloufer Siddiqui, Paul Staniland, Kenneth Scheve, Tariq Thachil, Steven Wilkinson, Elisabeth Wood, seminar participants in the Comparative Politics Workshop at Yale University, and participants in panels in the Annual Conference on South Asia, Wisconsin Madison (2011, 2012) for their comments and valuable suggestions. Errors remain my own. © Copyright 2013 Shivaji Mukherjee and CASI - 3 - 1. Introduction In this dissertation I try to answer the puzzle of why the Maoist insurgency in India, which is considered to be the most important internal security threat to the world’s largest democracy, occurs in certain districts in India and not others. To restate the puzzle described in the Introduction Chapter, why did the insurgency emerge -
Microfilms International 300 N
INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or “target” for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is “Missing Page(s)”. If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photograpned, a definite method of “sectioning” the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand comer of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. -
The Communist Party of India: Connaught Place the Correct Zig Ew Delhl, India April 25, 1958 Mr
INSTITUTE OF CURRENT XORLD AFFAIRS WDF-26 c/o American Express The Communist Party of India: Connaught Place The Correct Zig ew Delhl, India April 25, 1958 Mr. 'Walter S. Rogers Institute of Current World ..Affairs 522 Fifth Aenue w York 36, Row York Dear Mr. Rogers- The Communist Party of India held an "Extraordinary Session"' in Amritsar, the Punjab, from April 6 to 13, and "extraordinary"' is put- ting it mildly. The Communists revamped their Constitution, abolishing that con- spiratorial clichg, the Party '"cell," and substituting the more re- spectable-sourding "branch." They also put an end to the '"Politburo," which smacks of sinister High Command, and replaced it with an enlarged ",Central Executive Committee,'" hich sounds almost llke the Kiwanis Club. The'"revolutlonary changes," to use the Communists' own term, in- cluded a restatement of the ery aim of the Party. Indian Communists ill now strive for ""full democrac and Socialism by pesceful means," specifically by '"deeloplng a powerful mass movement, by winning a majority in Parliament and by backing it with mass sanctions." Although the Party defined itself as the "'highest organisation'" Of the "orking class,'" it blossomed forth, at Amritsar, .in full multi- class sociability. The 474 Comrades who gathered from throughout India. ---bearded Punjabi Sikhs, dark-sklnned Madrassis, dhoti-clad Bengalis--- slept in proletarian humility in Golbagh park, held their meetings in ruling-class exclusiveness in the Badminton' Club, and sllpped away, many of them, in the late afternoons to the bourgeois Kwality Restaurant for ice cream. For all the Communists' extraordinary charges, however, it is still a little early to march down to the nearest friendly neighborhood Party branch and apply for membership.