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Catalogue of the Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) in the Flora of Bulgaria

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Catalogue of the Family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) in the Flora of Bulgaria PHYTOLOGIA BALCANICA 13 (2): 153–178, Sofia, 2007 153 Catalogue of the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) in the flora of Bulgaria Minčo Ančev Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. Georgi Bonchev St., bl. 23, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria, e-mail: [email protected] Received: November 09, 2006 ▷ Accepted: March 14, 2007 Abstract. The Catalogue features the taxonomic composition of family Brassicaceae in the Bulgarian flora. It presents all relevant species and subspecies with their basionyms and synonyms used in the national Floras and Keys. The taxa are accompanied by complete reference data. Given is the distribution of species by floristic regions in the country, as well as their general distribution. The Catalogue also gives the chromosome number (2n) of the species and subspecies; counts based on Bulgarian material are asterisked. All Bulgarian endemic species and subspecies are duly noted down. The synantropic species in the family account for 33.30 % and the neophytes (2.73%) are marked with a symbol. The conservationally significant taxa have been categorised and rated according to the IUCN criteria. Attached is also a list of species that were cited for Bulgaria in the different Floras, but were not confirmed in its territory. Species reported in earlier reference sources that are not encountered in Bulgaria are listed too. Key words: Brassicaceae, distribution, Bulgaria, Bulgarian endemics, chromosome numbers, neophytes, taxonomic structure, threatened taxa Introduction genera, species and subspecies arranged in alpha- betical order. It reflects the taxonomic structure of After the publication of family Brassicaceae in the the family which, more or less, rests on the species Flora of the PR Bulgaria (Jordanov 1970), in the concept of Flora Europaea (Tutin & al. 1993), the subsequent years its component genera that were taxonomic solutions applied in the Med-Checklist studied out have formed the taxonomic basis for (Greuter & al. 1986) and Atlas Florae Europaeae floristic and biosystematic investigations of the (Jalas & Suominen 1994; Jalas & al. 1996), and on family in Bulgaria. The results of these investiga- the contemporary concepts about the taxonomy of tions, closely related to the taxonomic studies in such genera as Arabidopsis, Arabis and Lepidium, Europe and the Mediterranean, were used for revi- based on phylogenetic studies (O’Kane & Al-She- sion of the larger genera and groups of species and hbaz 1997; Al-Shehbaz & O’Kane 2002; Al-Sheh- for a critical inventory of the family in the Bulgar- baz & al. 2002). As genus Thlaspi with five per- ian flora featured in this synonymic Catalogue. ennial and three annual species is in the process of biosystematic research in the flora of Bulgar- Structure and content of the Catalogue ia, we have refrained from dividing it into smaller genera in the Catalogue, although in recent years there has been a string of investigations outlining The Catalogue of family Brassicaceae in the flora the need of such a division (cf. Meyer 2006, and of Bulgaria represents a synonymic list of the taxa: the References thereof). 4• Phytol. Balcan. 13(2) • 2007 154 Ančev, M. • Catalogue of Brassicaceae in the Bulgarian flora The Catalogue shows up the taxonomic chang- The general distribution of species and subspecies fol- es and distribution data on the studied represent- lows their distribution within the country, and the atives of the family in the Bulgarian flora in recent general distribution of the nominal subspecies that do years (Stanev 1970, 1975, 1981, 1984; Vassilev 1975; not occur in Bulgaria is added. The hybrid species of Delipavlov 1980; Delipavlov & Cheshmedzhiev 1983; genus Rorippa, distributed in Bulgaria is given with its Delipavlov & al. 1984; Ančev 1991, 1995, 1997, 2001, hybrid formula. The chromosome number(s) (2n) are 2006; Cheshmedzhiev & Stoychev 1994; Dimitrov included immediately after the general distribution of 1994, 1997, 2001, 2002a, b; 2006; Pashaliev & Dim- the species or subspecies. Counts based on Bulgarian itrov 1995; Marhold & al. 1996; Ančev & Polatschek material are asterisked followed by the reference data. 1998, 2003, 2006; Dimitrov & Nikolov 1998; Gussev & Dubious counts are preceded by a question mark. al. 1998; Petrova & al. 1998; Ančev & Tomšović 1999; Bulgarian endemics, species and subspecies, are in- Marhold & Ančev 1999; Niketić 2000; Zhelev & Go- dicated in the margin with End, the Balkan endemics – gushev 2000; Kostadinova & Dimitrov 2002; Dimitrov with ▲. Single-time reported species and subspecies & Sidjimova 2003; Petrova 2004). that are documented by herbarium material, but later The accepted genera, species, subspecies and vari- have not been confirmed in the Bulgarian flora are des- eties are given in Bold; the synonyms are given in Ital- ignated with (?). Reported species and subspecies that ic, as the basionyms and replaced names are marked have not been documented, nor were subsequently con- with “triple equal” (≡), the heterotypic synonyms are firmed are marked with (??), thus indicating the proba- marked with (=); misinterpreted names appear at the bility that they may be rediscovered in the country. end of synonymy and are marked with a dash. In family Brassicaceae, the synantropic species A species group is used in the Catalogue to show (Stefanov & Kitanov 1962; Kuzmanov & Kožuharov a very close morphology and probable phylogenetic 1971), weeds and ruderal species in the Bulgarian flo- bonds between the species within the group. The group ra account for 33.30% of the total number of species (aggregate) species is the earliest described (segregate) in the family. The archeosynantropic species in this species included in the group (Greuter & al. 1986). group (archeophytes or synantropic plants that par- In taxonomic combinations, basionyms are cited ticipate in the buildup of the autochtonous flora) ac- in the synonymy in alphabetical order. In the process count for 56 species (30.60%). They are not designated of selection of cited synonyms, besides the basionyms, specially in the Catalogue. The neosynantropic spe- there have been also cited the taxa used in the Bulgarian cies (neophytes) are marked with Nеo in the margin Floras and Keys (Stojanov & Stefanov 1924, 1933, 1948; (2.73%). To them belong accidentally spread, or cul- Stojanov & al. 1966; Jordanov 1970; Kozhuharov 1992; tivated and then run wild plants in the Bulgarian flo- Delipavlov & Cheshmedzhiev 2003), the Conspectus of ra, probably not earlier than the 15th century (Kuz- the Higher Plants in Bulgaria (Kozhuharov & al. 1980), manov & Kožuharov 1971; Greuter & al. 1986). The Conspectus of the Bulgarian Vascular flora. Distribu- Catalogue includes some conspicuously cultivated tion maps and floristic elements (Dimitrov 2002; Assy- outdoors Cruciferous plants. They are designated with ov & Petrova 2006), and occasionally the synonymous Cult in the margin . taxa used in other critical and monographic taxonomic The taxonomic and nomenclature revisions of fam- publications. In order to acquire a more comprehensive ily Brassicaceae and the results of the studied distribu- idea of the intraspecies variability, the not nominal va- tion and ecology of its representatives in the country rieties known in the Bulgarian flora are given too. The have called for revision of the list of species and sub- Catalogue does not include forms, a taxonomic catego- species with an ecologically protected status, includ- ry that reflects the modificational variability in the pop- ed in the Red Data Book of the PR of Bulgaria (Velchev ulations and is of limited application. 1984). Following the IUCN criteria (2001), they are The names of authors of the various taxa are giv- referred to four categories in the catalogue: RE (Re- en according to the adopted standard of Brummitt & gionally Extinct) – plants found once usually in a sin- Powell (1992). Distribution of the species and subspe- gle locality and after that have not been confirmed; cies in Bulgaria is presented in square brackets [ ] by CR (Critically Endangered) – species and subspecies floristic regions (Kuzmanov & Kozhuharov 1968; Jor- facing an extremely high risk of extinction in the wild danov 1970), immediately after the synonymic block. in the immediate future; En (Endangered) – taxa fac- Phytol. Balcan. 13(2) • Sofia • 2007 155 ing a very high risk of extinction in the wild; and Vu Finally, the Catalogue lists (Appendix 1) the spe- (Vulnerable) – species and subspecies facing a high cies incorrectly reported for the Bulgarian flora for risk of extinction in the wild. one or another reason. Floristic regions of Bulgaria: Abbreviations and symbols used: 01 Black Sea Coast: Af Africa 01а – Northern; Al Albania 01b – Southern Am America 02 Northeast Bulgaria As Asia AsM Asia Minor 03 Danubian Plain Aus Australia 04 Forebalkan Balk Balkan Peninsula 05 Stara Planina Mts: BH Bosnia-Herzegovina 05а – Western; Bu Bulgaria 05b – Central; C Central 05с – Eastern Cauc Caucasus 06 Sofia Region Cosm cosmopolitan CR Critically Endangered 07 Znepole Region Cr Crete 08 Vitosha Region Cult cultivated (includes Vitosha and Plana Mts) Е East, eastern 09 West Frontier Mts Еn Endangered 10 Valley of Strouma River: Еnd Bulgarian endemic 10а – Northern; Еu Europe 10b – Southern Gr Greece Hrv Croatia 11 Mt Belasitsa InH Indo-Himalayan 12 Mt Slavyanka Yu Former Yugoslavia 13 Valley of Mesta River Kry Crimea 14 Pirin Mts: Ма R Macedonia 14а – Northern; Med Mediterranean 14b – Southern N North, Northern Neo neophyte 15 Rila Mts RE Regionally
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