Asia Research Centre Working Paper 18 Contrarian Lives: Christians and Contemporary Protest in Jharkhand Written by Dr. Sushil J. Aaron Sushil J. Aaron, an independent researcher based in New Delhi, was the 2004/05 Sir Ratan Tata Fellow at the Asia Research Centre, LSE. He did his Ph.D. at the Jawaharlal Nehru University and his previous publications include Christianity and Political Conflict in India (RCSS: Colombo, 2002) and Straddling Faultlines: India’s Foreign Policy in the Greater Middle East (CSH: New Delhi, 2003). E-mail:
[email protected] The modern history of the Jharkhand region in India can be understood as a tale of incomplete pacification of ‘tribal’ communities by both the colonial and postcolonial regimes. Starting with the introduction of alien land tenure laws by the British, the increasing reach of inimical political and commercial interests, the tapping of huge mineral reserves as part of India’s development march have adversely affected adivasi communities through land alienation, displacement and declining access to common property resources. Adivasis have responded through issue-based people’s movements in various areas that oppose, for instance, reservoir dams, mining activity or forestry initiatives. Christians have historically played a leading role in the clamour for tribal autonomy even if they account for only four percent of the population. This paper attempts to chart what the intensely socialized generation of Christian political activists starting in the 1930s has transmuted into and how activists and the organised church respond to changed circumstances. Based on field visits to Ranchi district, plus a case study of the Koel Karo agitation, this study assesses the role of Christian social movement activists – the nature and efficacy of their involvement, their equation with mainline churches and their relationship with non-Christian adivasi activists.