Appendix B

Bird & Tree Identification Resources Cerulean Warbler Identification Guide

Key Habitat Preferences  Large tracts of mature deciduous forest near rivers and streams

 Canopy gaps (openings in the forest due to tree fall, storms, etc…) with large trees for singing. Interior forest edges (i.e. narrow roads, trails, utility rights-of-way, small fields)

 Along ridges and steep slopes

 Moist (mesic), north- and northeast-facing slopes

 Often associated with oak-hickory stands (especially white oak), elm, soft maples (red and striped maple), birch, beech, sycamore, or black ash. Prefers high density of understory vegetation (vertical structure) where breeding.

bluish-green back white wing bars cerulean-blue head and back white wing bars black eyeline

dark eyeline

necklace White belly/breast with faint yellow wash & blurred lateral White belly/breast with bluish-black dark lateral streaks streaks Male Female • Small songbird (11.5 cm [4.5 in]) • Small songbird (11.5 cm [4.5 in]) • Mostly white below with dark blue -gray • Lacks breast band or necklace. "necklace" and dark streaks on flank • Prominent pale eyebrow stripe (supercilium) • Long, pointed wings • Long pointed wings • Short tail • Short tail • Blackish wings and tail • White wing-bars • White wing-bars

TO TO LEARN MORE ABOUT CERULEAN WARBLERS AND THEIR SONGS/CALLS PLEASE SCAN THESE LINKS:

Song/Call Song/Call Bird Song Partners AMJV USFWS Sample Sample App in Flight Guide Midwest Cornell Audubon Larkwire Guide Confusing Species & Key Marks Black-throated Blue Warbler Setophaga caerulescens

blue-gray or blue-black back grayish olive-green upperparts Black throat white stripe & sides

Male Female small white wing patch small white wing patch

bright yellow upperparts Pine Warbler dull gray-olive upperparts Setophaga pinus

Whitish eye ring Male Female two white wing-bars two white wing-bars

Blackburnian Warbler Cerulean Warbler (Female) Setophaga fusca Setophaga cerulea triangular face patch white wing bars blue-green upperparts

yellow throat &supercillium wing bars

Male Female black-streaked flanks pale yellowish underparts blurred streaks on sides Songs/Calls of Cerulean Warbler vs. Confusing Species

Black-Throated Blue Warbler Pine Warbler Setophaga caerulescens Setophaga pinus

"zoo, zoo, zoo, zoo, zee." Make sharp, short call notes

Blackburnian Warbler Cerulean Warbler Setophaga fusca Setophaga cerulea

"zip, zip, zip, zip, titititi, tseeee," and "teetsa, "zee zee zee zizizizi eeet” or “Poor poor teetsa, teetsa, teetsa." pitiful me”: Associated Species (birds often found with Cerulean Warblers)

Worm-eating Warbler Wood Thrush Helmitheros vermivorum Hylocichla mustelina Song similar to Chipping Sparrow, but faster, buzzy, and more insect-like flute-clear ee-oh-lay

male female

Scarlet Tanager Louisiana Waterthrush Piranga olivacea Parkesia motacilla sore-throat robin, “Chick-Burr” loud, distinctive song consisting of 2-3 clear, slurred whistles followed by a rapid jumble of notes Leaf Identification Guide – Part 1

Striped Maple Red Maple Sugar Maple (Acer pensylvanicum) (Acer rubrum) (Acer saccharum)

White/Paper Birch Black Birch American Beech (Acer pensylvanicum) (Acer rubrum) (Acer saccharum)

White Ash

Black Ash Yellow Birch (Acer saccharum)

Ash (Fraxinus spp.) Green Ash Leaf Identification Guide – Part 2

Chestnut Oak

White Oak

Northern Red Oak Leaf Identification Guide - Part 3

Shagbark Hickory

Bitternut Hickory Bark Identification Guide

Green Ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica)

Black Birch Sugar Maple (Betula lenta) (Acer saccharum)

Chestnut Oak Striped Maple Shagbark Hickory (Quercus prinus) (Acer pensylvanicum) (Carya ovata)

Bitternut, Mockernut Black Ash or (Fraxinus nigra) Pignut Hickory (Carya spp.)