1
HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY II February-April 2019: Reformed Theological Seminary, Atlanta ______Professor: Ken Stewart, Ph.D. Email: [email protected] Phone: 706.419.1653 (w); 423.414.3752 (cell) Course number: 04HT504 Class Dates: Friday evening 7:00-9:00 pm and Saturday 8:30-5:30 p.m. February 1&2, March 1&2, March 29&30, April 26&27 Catalog Course Description: A continuation of HT502, concentrating on great leaders of the church in the modern period of church history from the Reformation to the nineteenth century. Course Objectives:
To grasp the flow of Christian history in the western world since 1500 A.D., its interchange with the non-western world in light of transoceanic exploration and the challenges faced through the division of Christendom at the Reformation, the rise of Enlightenment ideas, the advance of secularization and the eventual challenge offered to the dominance of Europe. To gain the ability to speak and write insightfully regarding the interpretation of this history and the application of its lessons to modern Christianity Course Texts (3):
Henry Bettenson & Chris Maunder, eds. Documents of the Christian Church 4th Edition, (Oxford, 2011) Be sure to obtain the 4th edition as documents will be identified by page no. Justo Gonzáles, The Story of Christianity Vol. II, 2nd edition (HarperOne, 2010) insist on 2nd ed. Kenneth J. Stewart, Ten Myths about Calvinism (InterVarsity, 2011) [Economical used editions of all titles are available from the following: amazon.com; abebooks.com; betterworldbooks.com; thriftbooks.com]
The instructor also recommends (but does not require), Tim Dowley, ed. Atlas of the European Reformations (Minneapolis/London: Fortress Press/Lion, 2015) Course Requirements: Due: Book Review: A 1,000 word review of a biography or church- Review due 1 March historical work pertaining to the period 1500-1900. The instructor will provide fuller details as to what is expected. 15% of final score.
Examinations (2): A mid-term exam on Fri. March 29 and a final Mid-term: 7pm Friday 29 exam a week beyond the final class meeting (which will be April March 27) Value: 25% for mid-term; 25% for final. Final exam will require Final must be taken by 6 that a proctor be designated near the student’s home location. May
Essay: You will compose a 3,000 word essay which will investigate Essay due by 13 May (rather than simply narrate) a question or problem in Christian history since 1500. You will assemble a bibliography of 6-8 items, use the best sources available and properly document your quoted
2
material (Kate Turabian or the Chicago Manual of Style standards are preferred). Worth 25% of final score
Participation: The instructor will gauge each student’s Document presentations preparedness (in light of assigned reading) and participation in the scattered through the course. class. This component will include each student’s in-class Sign-up sheet will circulate. introduction of a historical document, provided in Bettenson & Sign up early! Maunder. Worth: 10% of final score
Schedule of Lectures and Readings
Date/hour Topic Readings DCC = Documents of the Christian Church Fri. 1 Feb Course Intro: Gonzáles 1. 7-11 7pm Papal Schism, Conciliar DCC 143 ‘Sacrosancta’ and 121-122 ‘Unum Sanctum’ Movement, Rise of Nation States: Back-story of the Age of Reform 8pm i. The Print Revolution Gonzáles 1.12 - 18 ii. What was Christian DCC 102-106 ‘Donation of Constantine’ Humanism? Sat. 2 Feb Luther’s Early Life Up to Gonzáles 2. 19-29 8:30 am the posting of the 95 DCC 195-197 ‘Machinery of Indulgences’, 197-203, ’95 Theses Theses’ 9:30am Luther: From Leipzig to Gonzáles 2. 30-35 the Diet of Worms DCC 203-204 ‘Leipzig Disp’ 212-214 ‘Diet of Worms’ 10:30 am Luther hid in the Gonzáles 3. 37-46 Wartburg: troubles following 11:30 am Luther: Bible Translator Gonzáles 4. 47-56 and Theologian DCC 223-226 ‘Augsburg Confession’ 12:30 lunch 1:30pm Zurich and the Spread of Gonzáles 5.57-65 the Swiss Reform 2:30pm Reformation Dissent: Gonzáles 6. 67-76 Anabaptism 3:30pm John Calvin to 1541: Gonzáles 7.77-85 exiled from Geneva 4:30pm John Calvin ascendant: Gonzáles 7.85-86 1541-1564 DCC 226-228 ‘Institutes of Calvin’ Week Two Fri. 1 Mar Calvin and Calvinism: Stewart Ten Myths chap. 1 7pm Myth and Reality
8pm England’s Reform to 1559 Gonzáles 8.87-99 DCC 242-3 ‘Act of Supremacy’, 250-251 ‘Act of Supremacy’(version 2)
3
Sat. 2 Feb Scotland’s Reform to 1574 Gonzáles 8.99-104 8:30 am
9:30am The Holy Roman Empire Gonzáles 9.105-113 Strikes Back: Lost DCC 228-229 ‘Peace of Augsburg’ Protestant Territories 10:30 am The Dutch Revolt: for Gonzáles 10.115-123 Independence & for Protestantism 11:30 am France: From Oppression Gonzáles 11.125-134 to a Century of Toleration DCC 229-230 ‘Edict of Nantes’ 12:30 lunch 1:30pm Catholic Reformation, Gonzáles 12.135-149 Catholic Counter- DCC 261-264 ‘Policies of the Jesuits’ Reformation? Both? DCC 264-270 ‘Decrees of Trent’ 2:30pm The Reformation & Art: Stewart Ten Myths chap. 8 Uneasy Relation? 3:30pm The Reformation & Stewart Ten Myths chap. 5 Missions: a Fail? 4:30pm Protestants Who Were Gonzáles 18.193-209 Opposed : (1) Puritans DCC 255-256 ‘Archbishop Parker’s Advertisements’ DCC 258-259 ‘Act Against the Puritans’ DCC 318-320 ‘Conventicle Act’ Week Three Fri. 29 Mar. Mid-term exam 7pm 8pm Assemblies at Gonzáles 21.229-235; Stewart Ten Myths chap. 3 Westminster and at Dordt DCC 271-272 ‘Remonstrant (Arminian) Articles’ DCC 303-306 ‘Solemn League and Covenant’ Sat. 30 Mar. Protestants Who Were Gonzáles 17.185-191 8:30 am Opposed: (2) Huguenots 9:30am Protestants Who Were Gonzáles 24.259-273 Opposed: (3)Pietists 10:30 am A Changed European Gonzáles 22.237-248 Intellectual Climate DCC 330-333 ‘Deistic Controversy’ 11:30 am British America and the Gonzáles 25.275-290 Great Awakening 12:30 lunch 1:30pm The American Revolution Gonzáles 27. 319-326 and the Churches 2:30pm The French Revolution Gonzáles 28. 350-362 and the Churches 3:30pm Christianity and the Gonzáles 27. 326-328 American Frontier 4:30pm Industrial Revolution Gonzáles 26.301-306; 31.385-388 Stokes Neo-Colonialism
4
Week Four Fri. 26 April Developments in Eastern Gonzales 30. 373-383 7pm Christianity 8pm Colonialism and Missions: Gonzáles 33: 417-431 Not ‘Hand-in-Glove’ William Carey’s Inquiry into the Obligation of Christians, pages 7-13 (The perpetuity of the Great Commission) Sat. 27 April The French Revolution Gonzáles 29. 363-372 8:30 am and Latin America 9:30am Scientific Revolutions and https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Hutton Christianity: Rocks, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Day-age_creationism Fossils & Bones https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal 10:30 am The Papacy in a Gonzáles 32.399-408 Revolutionary Age DCC 274-275 ‘Immaculate Conception’ DCC 275-277 ‘Syllabus of Errors’ DCC 277 ‘Papal Infallibility’ 11:30 am The Gradual Revulsion Gonzáles 27.332-336 Against Slavery: France Stewart, Ten Myths chap. 10 first, followed by Britain, followed by America 12:30 lunch 1:30pm What Civil War Did to Gonzáles 27.336-347 America’s Churches 2:30pm The Darwinian Challenge Gonzáles 31.385-6 to Christian Doctrine 3:30pm The German Universities’ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Augustus_Briggs Sway Over the Churches of the West. Fragmen- tation in American Christianity 4:30pm The Zenith of Colon- Gonzáles 33.421-431 ialism: America also joins the race
A Select Bibliography for Christianity Since 1500 Please also consult the chapter-end bibliographies in Gonzáles vol. 2.
Reference Works (if recent, invaluable for bibliography) Jerald Brauer, ed. Westminster Dictionary of Church History F.M. Cross and E.A. Livingston, ed. Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church J.D. Douglas, ed. New International Dictionary of the Christian Church Donald M. Lewis, ed. Blackwell Dictionary of Evangelical Biography Timothy Larsen, ed. Dictionary of Evangelical Biography Scott Moreau, ed. Evangelical Dictionary of World Mission
SOURCE MATERIALS FOR THE HISTORY OF CHRISTIANITY a. Reformation of the Church Roland Bainton, ed. The Age of the Reformation Gerald Bray, ed. Documents of the English Reformation
5
James Gairdner, ed. English Constitutional Documents Hans J. Hillerbrand, ed. The Reformation in Its Own Words (Many important documents) Dennis Janz, A Reformation Reader B.J. Kidd, ed. Documents of the Continental Reformation Clyde Manschreck, ed. A History of Christianity vol. 2 b. The Modern Church Edwin Gaustad, ed. A Documentary History of Religion in America Keith Hardman, ed. Christianity in America Smith, Handy, and Loetscher eds. American Christianity 2 vols. BIOGRAPHIES BY ERA a. Reformation Church i. Humanists Erasmus by Roland Bainton, Stefan Zweig, John W. O’Malley ii. Monks /Missionaries Loyola by J. Broderick; Francis Xavier by John Broderick ; Matteo Ricci by Michela Fontana, Jonathan Spence. iii. Catholic Reformers Lefevre D'Etaples by P.E. Hughes. Jimenéz de Cisneros by Erika Rummel. iv. Monarchs Elizabeth I by J.E. Neale, A.L. Rowse Henry VIII by A.F. Pollard, J.J.Scarisbrick, H.M. Smith; James VI & I by D.H. Willson, D. Matthew; Mary Queen of Scots by Ian B. Cowan, D. Hay Fleming v. Popes Histories of the Papacy by Eamon Duffy, John W. O’Malley vi. Protestant Reformers Martin Bucer by Hastings Eells, C. Hopf, Martin Gretillat; John Calvin by William Bousma, Jean Cadier, Alexandre Ganoczy, Alistair McGrath, T.H.L. Parker; Thomas Cranmer by Geoffrey Bromiley, Jasper Ridley, C.H. Smyth, Diarmaid MacCulloch; William Grindal by Patrick Collinson; John Knox by W. Stanford Reid, Jasper Ridley, Elizabeth Whitely, Jane Dawson; Martin Luther by James Atkinson, Roland Bainton, A.G. Dickens, James Kittelson, Gerhard Ritter; Philip Melancthon by Clyde Manschreck, M. Rogness, Robert Stupperich; William Tyndale by David Daniell, J.F. Mozley, C.S. Williams; Peter Martyr Vermigli by Mariano Di Gangi, Philip MacNair;. Hulderich Zwingli by Ulrich Gabler, S.M. Jackson, G.R. Potter, Jean Rilliet. b. Modern Church i. Christians in Government Oliver Cromwell by R.S. Paul. William Wilberforce by R. Coupland, Garth Lean, R. Ludwig. Lord Shaftesbury by G.F.A. Best, Grace Irwin. ii. Pietists & Puritans Richard Baxter by G.F. Nuttall, Hugh Martin. John Bunyan by F.M. Harrison, H. Trevor-Roper, John Owen by Peter Toon; Philipp Spener by F. Stoeffler. iii. Evangelists Charles Finney by Charles Hambrick-Stowe, Keith Hardman Billy Graham by John Pollock D.L. Moody by John Pollock. Charles Wesley by Arnold Dallimore; John Wesley by John Pollock, Robert Tuttle. George Whitefield by Arnold Dallimore, John Pollock. iv. Missionaries William Carey by Mary Drewery, Timothy George. Amy Carmichael by Elizabeth Elliot, Frank Houghton. Adoniram Judson by K. Anderson. Hudson Taylor by Roger Steer, John Pollock. v. Theologians Jonathan Edwards by I. H. Murray, George Marsden. Charles Hodge by A.A. Hodge, Andrew Hoffecker and Paul Gutjahr. INDIVIDUAL VOLUMES BY PERIOD A. REFORMATION CHURCH Roland Bainton, The Reformation in the Sixteenth Century Henry Chadwick, The Reformation
6
Patrick Collinson, The Elizabethan Puritan Movement; The Religion of Protestants Ian B. Cowan, The Scottish Reformation A.G. Dickens, Luther and the German Reformation & The Reformation in England, The Counter- Reformation Eamon Duffy, Saints and Sinners: A History of the Papacy Gordon Donaldson, The Scottish Reformation W.Hay Fleming, The Reformation in Scotland Edmund Haller, The Rise of Puritanism B.J.Kidd, The Counter-Reformation Pierre Janelle, The Catholic Reformation T.M. Lindsay, The Reformation (1900's) Alistair McGrath, Reformation Thought Bernd Moeller, Imperial Cities and the Reformation Heiko Obermann, The Dawn of the Reformation; The Impact of the Reformation; The Reformation: Roots and Ramifications Gordon Rupp, Luther's Progress to the Diet of Worms; The Righteousness of God; Patterns of Reformation, Lewis Spitz, Renaissance and Reformation Movements, The Protestant Reformation Bard Thompson. Humanists and Reformers; Liturgies of the Western Church. Aza Goudriaan and Fred Van Lieburg, Revisiting the Synod of Dordt John Leith, The Westminster Assembly
B. MODERN CHURCH Alan Carden, Puritan Christianity in America Raymond Brown, Spirituality in Adversity: English Nonconformity 1660-1689 Owen Chadwick,The Secularization of the European Mind & The Victorian Church Stewart J. Brown and Peter Nockles, eds. The Oxford Movement 1830-1930. Gerald Cragg, The Church in the Age of Reason & From Puritanism to the Age of Reason & Reason and Authority in the 18th Century Nathan Hatch, The Democratization of American Christianity Bradford Littlejohn, The Mercersberg Theology and the Quest for Reformed Catholicity Mark Noll, A History of Christianity in Canada and the U.S.; The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind , The Search for Christian America; The Civil War as a Theological Crisis. J.T. MacNeill, Modern Christian Movements John McManners, The French Revolution and the Church Edmund S. Morgan, Visible Saints Gordon Rupp, Religion in England Ernest R. Sandeen, The Roots of Fundamentalism Brian Stanley, The Bible and the Flag Alec Vidler, The Church in an Age of Revolution D. HISTORIES OF MISSIONS R. Pierce Beaver American Protestant Women in World Mission Jay Riley Case, An Unpredictable Gospel: American Evangelicals and World Christianity, 1812-1920. William R. Hutchison, Errand to the World: American Protestant Thought and Foreign Missions Martin Klauber and Scott M. Manetsch, eds. The Great Commission: Evangelicals and the History of World Mission Stephen Neill, A History of Christian Missions Dana L. Robert, Christian Mission: How Christianity became a World Religion Dana L. Robert, Gospel Bearers: Gender Barriers Dana L. Robert, American Women in Mission; The Modern Missionary Era
7
Brian Stanley, The Bible and the Flag. Tom A. Steffen and Lois McKinney Douglas, Encountering Missionary Life and Work. Ruth Tucker, Guardians of the Great Commission. & From Jerusalem to Irian Jaya Extension Policy All assignments and exams are to be completed by the deadlines announced in this syllabus or in class. Extensions for assignments and exams due within the normal duration of the course must be approved beforehand by the Professor. Extensions of two weeks or less beyond the date of the last deadline for the course must be approved beforehand by the Professor. A grade penalty may be assessed. Extensions of greater than two weeks but not more than six weeks beyond the last deadline for the course may be granted in extenuating circumstances (i.e. illness, family emergency). For an extension of more than two weeks the student must request an Extension Request Form from the Student Services Office. The request must be approved by the Professor and the Academic Dean. A grade penalty may be assessed. (RTS Catalog p. 42 and RTS Atlanta Student Handbook p. 14) Any incompletes not cleared six weeks after the last published due date for course work will be converted to a failing grade. Professors may have the failing grade changed to a passing grade by request. (RTS Catalog p. 42)
8
Course Objectives Related to MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes Course: 04HT504; Professor: Ken Stewart; Campus: Atlanta; Date: February-May 2019 MDiv* Student Learning Outcomes Rubric Mini-Justification In order to measure the success of the MDiv curriculum, RTS has defined Strong the following as the intended outcomes of the student learning process. Moderate Each course contributes to these overall outcomes. This rubric shows the Minimal contribution of this course to the MDiv outcomes. None *As the MDiv is the core degree at RTS, the MDiv rubric will be used in this syllabus. Articulation Broadly understands and articulates knowledge, both strong The course aims to prepare men and (oral & oral and written, of essential biblical, theological, women who are able to perform statesman-like functions for the Christian written) historical, and cultural/global information, including details, concepts, and frameworks. message, i.e. to articulate what has been the Christian past and present position. Scripture Significant knowledge of the original meaning of moderate The course will draw attention to the Scripture. Also, the concepts for and skill to research struggle with which Scripture was re- further into the original meaning of Scripture and to instated as the norming norm of the Church apply Scripture to a variety of modern circumstances. at the Reformation, and the struggle to (Includes appropriate use of original languages and ensure that it holds that same position in hermeneutics; and integrates theological, historical, subsequent centuries. and cultural/global perspectives.) Reformed Significant knowledge of Reformed theology and strong The course will draw attention to the early Theology practice, with emphasis on the Westminster major pioneers of the Reformed tradition, Standards. as well as to their successors.
Sanctification Demonstrates a love for the Triune God that aids the moderate We will observe plenty of Christian heroes student’s sanctification. and heroines who displayed Christ-like qualities.
Desire for Burning desire to conform all of life to the Word of strong Christian history shows us admirable Worldview God. persons who marched to a different drum- beat (the Word) than was prevalent in their societies. Winsomely Embraces a winsomely Reformed ethos. (Includes an strong The course, instead of exalting Christian Reformed appropriate ecumenical spirit with other Christians, leaders who were fractious or bellicose will especially Evangelicals; a concern to present the draw attention to those who were known Gospel in a God-honoring manner to non-Christians; for their holiness and ecumenicity. and a truth-in-love attitude in disagreements.) Preach Ability to preach and teach the meaning of Scripture moderate A good knowledge of the history of the to both heart and mind with clarity and enthusiasm. church in the post-Reformation period should furnish the preacher with insight as well as anecdotes/illustrations Worship Knowledgeable of historic and modern Christian- minimal Reformed patterns of worship were worship forms; and ability to construct and skill to developed in the centuries under review lead a worship service.
Shepherd Ability to shepherd the local congregation: aiding in moderate The history of pastoral ministry in the post- spiritual maturity; promoting use of gifts and callings; Reformation period will have a definite and encouraging a concern for non-Christians, both place among the subjects touched on. in America and worldwide. Church/World Ability to interact within a denominational context, moderate We will not be pursuing any narrow within the broader worldwide church, and with denominational interest or party-history. significant public issues. Students should learn to see themselves as part of the broadly Protestant tradition.