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New Directions in Cariology Research 2011 International Journal of Dentistry New Directions in Cariology Research 2011 Guest Editors: Alexandre R. Vieira, Marilia Buzalaf, and Figen Seymen New Directions in Cariology Research 2011 International Journal of Dentistry New Directions in Cariology Research 2011 Guest Editors: Alexandre R. Vieira, Marilia Buzalaf, and Figen Seymen Copyright © 2012 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “International Journal of Dentistry.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Ali I. Abdalla, Egypt Nicholas Martin Girdler, UK Getulio Nogueira-Filho, Canada Jasim M. Albandar, USA Rosa H. Grande, Brazil A. B. M. Rabie, Hong Kong Eiichiro . Ariji, Japan Heidrun Kjellberg, Sweden Michael E. Razzoog, USA Ashraf F. Ayoub, UK Kristin Klock, Norway Stephen Richmond, UK John D. Bartlett, USA Manuel Lagravere, Canada Kamran Safavi, USA Marilia A. R. Buzalaf, Brazil Philip J. Lamey, UK L. P. Samaranayake, Hong Kong Francesco Carinci, Italy Daniel M. Laskin, USA Robin Seymour, UK Lim K. Cheung, Hong Kong Louis M. Lin, USA Andreas Stavropoulos, Denmark BrianW.Darvell,Kuwait A. D. Loguercio, Brazil Dimitris N. Tatakis, USA J. D. Eick, USA Martin Lorenzoni, Austria Shigeru Uno, Japan Annika Ekestubbe, Sweden Jukka H. Meurman, Finland Ahmad Waseem, UK Vincent Everts, The Netherlands Carlos A. Munoz-Viveros, USA Izzet Yavuz, Turkey Roland Frankenberger, Germany Toru Nikaido, Japan Contents New Directions in Cariology Research 2011, Alexandre R. Vieira Volume 2012, Article ID 392730, 1 page Relationship between Cariogenic Bacteria and pH of Dental Plaque at Margin of Fixed Prostheses, Junko Tanaka, Norio Mukai, Muto Tanaka, and Masahiro Tanaka Volume 2012, Article ID 452108, 4 pages Analysis of Polymorphisms in the Lactotransferrin Gene Promoter and Dental Caries, Joao˜ Armando Brancher, Giovana Daniela Pecharki, Andrea Duarte Doetzer, Kamilla Gabriella dos Santos Medeiros, Carlos Alberto Cordeiro Junior,´ Vanessa Santos Sotomaior, Peter Bauer, and Paula Cristina Trevilatto Volume 2011, Article ID 571726, 9 pages Susceptibility to Dental Caries and the Salivary Proline-Rich Proteins, Martin Levine Volume 2011, Article ID 953412, 13 pages Frequency of Dental Caries in Four Historical Populations from the Chalcolithic to the Middle Ages, A.-M. Grimoud, S. Lucas, A. Sevin, P. Georges, O. Passarrius, and F. Duranthon Volume 2011, Article ID 519691, 7 pages Measuring Dental Caries in the Mixed Dentition by ICDAS, Eino Honkala, Riina Runnel, Sisko Honkala, Jana Olak, Tero Vahlberg, Mare Saag, and Kauko K. Makinen¨ Volume 2011, Article ID 150424, 6 pages Dynamic Production of Soluble Extracellular Polysaccharides by Streptococcus mutans, Eva-Maria Decker, Ilka Dietrich, Christian Klein, and Christiane von Ohle Volume 2011, Article ID 435830, 6 pages Timing of Colonization of Caries-Producing Bacteria: An Approach Based on Studying Monozygotic Twin Pairs, Michelle R. Bockmann, Abbe V. Harris, Corinna N. Bennett, Ruba Odeh, Toby E. Hughes, and Grant C. Townsend Volume 2011, Article ID 571573, 7 pages Identification of Microbial and Proteomic Biomarkers in Early Childhood Caries, Thomas C. Hart, Patricia M. Corby, Milos Hauskrecht, Ok Hee Ryu, Richard Pelikan, Michal Valko, Maria B. Oliveira, Gerald T. Hoehn, and Walter A. Bretz Volume 2011, Article ID 196721, 13 pages Early Childhood Caries, Yumiko Kawashita, Masayasu Kitamura, and Toshiyuki Saito Volume 2011, Article ID 725320, 7 pages In Vitro Properties of Orthodontic Adhesives with Fluoride or Amorphous Calcium Phosphate, Clara Ka Wai Chow, Christine D. Wu, and Carla A. Evans Volume 2011, Article ID 583521, 8 pages Elderly at Greater Risk for Root Caries: A Look at the Multifactorial Risks with Emphasis on Genetics Susceptibility, Daniel Gati and Alexandre R. Vieira Volume 2011, Article ID 647168, 6 pages Women Are More Susceptible to Caries but Individuals Born with Clefts Are Not, Aditi Jindal, Michelle McMeans, Somnya Narayanan, Erin K. Rose, Shilpa Jain, Mary L. Marazita, Renato Menezes, Ariadne Letra, Flavia M. Carvalho, Carla A. Brandon, Judith M. Resick, Juan C. Mereb, Fernando A. Poletta, Jorge S. Lopez-Camelo, Eduardo E. Castilla, Iedaˆ M. Orioli, and Alexandre R. Vieira Volume 2011, Article ID 454532, 6 pages Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2012, Article ID 392730, 1 page doi:10.1155/2012/392730 Editorial New Directions in Cariology Research 2011 Alexandre R. Vieira Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Correspondence should be addressed to Alexandre R. Vieira, [email protected] Received 22 December 2011; Accepted 22 December 2011 Copyright © 2012 Alexandre R. Vieira. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Due to the great success of the “New Directions in Cariology actively in this debate of what approaches are more efficient Research” first issue, we decided to repeat the experience and to revert the current figures of caries prevalence, and what here you have the “New Directions of Cariology Research aspects of this disease should be the focus of research in the 2011.” This issue coincides with the disturbing record of coming years. another death in the United States, a 24-year-old male from Cincinnati, OH, consequence of untreated carious lesions. It Alexandre R. Vieira is still a puzzle to many how a largely preventable disease remains highly prevalent, affecting 80% of the people alive in the globe. This special issue is a sample of the current research ef- forts addressing issues related to the pathogenesis of caries. I would like to thank the authors for their excellent contri- butions, in addition to the many colleagues who assisted in the peer-review process. Finally, I would like to thank the support provided by my guest editors, Dr. F. Seymen, from the Istanbul University, Turkey and Dr. M. Buzalaf, from the University of Sao˜ Paulo, Brazil. Aspects related to the disease presentation can be ap- preciated in Grimoud et al., Honkala et al., Y. Kawashita et al., and Jindal et al. Caries is dependent on biofilm formation, and T. Hart et al., E. Decker et al., Tanaka et al., and M. Bockmann et al. are examples of current approaches to bet- ter understand the dynamic relationship between bacterial colonization and the host. How fluoride in the oral cavity environment interferes in the process of lesion formation continues to be of interest and, Chow et al. further explore this topic. Finally, genetics susceptibility to caries is an emerging area of interest in cariology, and D. Gati and A. Vieira, J. Brancher et al., and M. Levine provide examples of the challenges faced by this line of work. I invite you to read, evaluate, and share this collection of 12 papers that comprise this 2011 Special Issue. Furthermore, I hope the readers will be interested in participating more Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Dentistry Volume 2012, Article ID 452108, 4 pages doi:10.1155/2012/452108 Clinical Study Relationship between Cariogenic Bacteria and pH of Dental Plaque at Margin of Fixed Prostheses Junko Tanaka, Norio Mukai, Muto Tanaka, and Masahiro Tanaka Department of Fixed Prosthodontics and Occlusion, Osaka Dental University, 1-5-17, Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 540-0008, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Junko Tanaka, [email protected] Received 30 June 2011; Revised 13 September 2011; Accepted 1 October 2011 Academic Editor: Alexandre Rezende Vieira Copyright © 2012 Junko Tanaka et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether teeth that have undergone prosthetic restoration are under conditions that promote caries recurrence. Methods. The subjects were 20 dentate adults with both a healthy tooth and an affected tooth entirely covered with a complete cast crown in the molar regions of the same arch. The pH was measured in plaque adhering to the margin of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown and adhering to the cervicobuccal area of the natural tooth. In addition, the numbers of cariogenic bacteria (mutans streptococci and lactobacilli) were measured employing the saliva test. The relationships between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the natural tooth and between the number of cariogenic bacteria and plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown were investigated. Results. The plaque pH of the tooth covered with a complete cast crown decreased as the numbers of SM and LB increased. The natural tooth were also influenced by the number of SM. Conclusion. Secondary caries are likely to develop from the marginal region of the crown in the oral cavity with a high caries risk unless a preventive program is prepared and the oral environment is improved following the program. 1. Introduction is necessary to understand the importance of “treatment of process” of caries incidence. Secondary caries from the margin of fixed prostheses is often The “treatment of process” means the performance of noted
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