’ ' tha mic Lit erature

1 ; EDWARD JACKSON M . D. .

WILLIAM H. CRISP. M . D

EL DANI Bru sse ls Be i u m DR . MARC S. . lg CORRESPONDE TS M N , PROF J KOMor o Tokyo;Jam

MAY, 1916 a

CONTENTS

' The Su i c i d e of O phthalmi c 1 Boo k N ot ic e s ? o m ra h H u m an E e and Thoringt n , J a es . R ef ction of t e y M ethods of E stimating th e R e fr a ct i on

a l l P a Tra n s ctions of th e Co e g e of P hysi cian s of. hila delphi , Vol u m e

I nd e x of Oph t Ha l m ol ogy D iagno sis ,

Op eration s, R efraction, O cul ar M ove ments . n a e a A C onj uncti va , Cor e and Scl r , nterior Cha mber and P u p il , U veal Tract D Symp athetic is ease , , Crystal line L ens

R etin a.

x Am ve r To i c blyopias , O pti c N er , Visual T acts an d C enters, L a m al A L Color Vi sion , Eyeb all , The cri pparatus , ids I r ; O rbit, Tumors , nj u i es 5.

' P atholog y , G eneral Dis eases . . Z a a n h m o ti hth l o gy , Hy i th l i So iolo C mp ra ve Op m lo g e e , Op a c c gy, an d History .

Abst ra c t s F rom For e ig n J ou r na ls

‘ Traum atic R u pt u r e of P osterior L en s C apsule

0

E FI VE DO L A R S PE R Y A P R I C L E R . I N A DVANC E

' P l i s h e d M o h b E DW AR D J ACK SON 1 ub nt ly y , a s M a j e sti c Bui l d i ng , e ol or o D nve r , C a d U . S. As

’ E n e r e s s e c o d - c l s s m t d a n a a tter N ov e m b e r 6. 1912, a t t h e P os t offi ce a t D e n e ol or d o ’ nd v r, C a . u e r t h e A c t of M a r c h 3 . .

V L Y 1 19 6 . O . 'I . DI A , N O . 5 .

E e A A N b W I L L H R I P W R D K S O A s s s e d I AM . . d it d b y E D J C . i t y C S

EXAMI N ATI O N S I N O P H T H A L MO L O G Y .

At a meeting hel d in Washington , May 8th an d 9t h , th e Am erican Board for O phthalm i c Exam ination s compl ete d its organization and w arrange d t o take up it s ork . Th e first examinati ons w ill b e hel d at

M emphis , T enn . , beginning D e cember 14 , 1916, the day follow ing the m eeting of th e Am erican A ca demy of Ophthalmolog y and Ot o- L a r yn n g ol og y, and continui g as many days a s the numb er of applicants fo r

examinati on may render nece ss ary .

All w h o d es ire t o take this examinat ion mu st fil e their formal

ap plications thre e m onth s in a dvanc e . Thes e shoul d be received by ’ B D r D P the S ecretary of th e oard , . Frank To dd , onalds on hy sicians 4 Buil ding , M inneapoli s , M innesota , b efore S eptember 1 t h . It i s the int ention o f th e board t o s crutin ize thes e applications an d s atisfy

a d the ms elve s of th e corre ctnes s of the facts therein stated , before

m itting the ap plicant t o examination . An i m p ortant part of the exam i na t i on w ill b e by th e subm iss ion of reports of five cases of different oc ular condition s and dis eas es that have b een under the p ers onal ob s ervation an d care of the appli cant . Thes e rep orts must b e s ent to

i x th e Secretary s ty day s b efore th e exam ination ; that i s , by O cto ber 14th . In ad dition t o th e rep orts of cases th ere w ill b e a cl in ical exam

i of i na t on of patients under the sup ervision th e examiners , w ith w rit

or a l r e or t s t en an d , p of the findings ; a laboratory examination , that

y m a includ e b es i de s recognition and a cc ount of s p ecim en s , and the ’ p erformance of op erations on animal s eyes , s om e of th e m ore import f An ant demonstrations o physiologic opti cs . d there w ill b e written examinations w hi ch w il l d eal rath er w ith . th e general p rin cip les of

ophthalmol ogy .

In deal ing w ith th e que stion of wh o shall b e admitt ed to take such examinations th e board has adopte d a s p reliminary r equirements

‘ th e po ss es sion of a m edi cal d egree ; e vi d e nc e s of satisfactory ethical ’ and m edical standi ng i n th e appli cant s profess ional c ommunity ; an d ’ s pe cial requirem ent s w hi ch take into accoun t th e applicant s e xp e r i

w h o ence a nd practice . Appl icants hav e be en t en years engaged in th e p ra cti ce of ophthalm ology ar e required to p res ent all publishe d w h me dical pap ers . Tho s e o h av e b een in practice l ess than ten years , f but mo re than five y ears must p resent , in add ition , evid ence o intern

ship i n an ophthalm i c ho sp ital , or as sistantsh ip in an ey e clinic , o r w w w ith a n ophthalmologist in p rivat e ork , ith statement of th e work

of require d by th e p os ition ; or , in lieu of the ab ove , reports interest

ing cases , an d th e numb er of various Op eration s he has p erform ed . Appl icant s w ith l es s than five years ’ pra cti ce in 62 O P H T H A L M I C L IT E RAT U R E

’ mu st p resent a certifi cate of one year s s ervic e in an ophthalmi c

r cl ini c , o i nternship in an ophthalmi c h osp ital , or ass istantship in p ri

vate p ractic e , w ith statem ent of duties required in su ch p os itions ; and al so a c ertificat e of on e year of sp ecial s tudy w hi ch shoul d

includ e a l l the imp ortant branches of op hthalmology, clini cal meth

h a od s , recording of cas es , op ht l mi c s urgery , p athology and the rela t tion of ophthal mology o oth er branches . After 192 0appli cants w ill

b e required t o have a y ea r of cl inical ho sp ital exp eri enc e , p referably w w in a general hospital , o r of laboratory ork , follo ing four years in

a m edical s chool . The actual conduct of th e examinations w ill be in charge of a chief examiner and so many assi stants a s th e number of applicants w may rend er necess ary . Some of the a s sistant exam iners il l b e mem

b ers of the board , but s ome m ay b e appointed from outs id e the board .

w - T he fe e for examination w ill b e t enty fi ve dollars , which must be pa id at the tim e of filing an appl ica tion ; but w hich w ill b e returned i f th e applicant is not admitte d to examination' Any a o c e pt e d app licant wh o fail s in a first examination w ill b e a dmitte d t o a s econ d examination w ithin three year s w ithout the p ayment of any

ad ditional fee . In d eciding whether the candidate shall b e admitted t o examina tion the board has taken into account th e d ifferent opportunitie s that

s o have b een avai labl e for the study of ophthalmol ogy in th e past , that m en of exp eri enc e are a ccepted on th e som ewhat d ifferent bas is from thos e wh o have recently taken up th e stu dy of ophthalmology

n ow t o t h e und er th e im proved conditions that are op ene d student . w Bu t the examinations t o b e p as s ed ill be th e sam e for al l . As a w hole s uch examinations will b ecome more valuabl e a s they d evel op from year t o year w ith the gro w ing exp eri ence of th e examin ers and the improved facilitie s for study that will certainly b e offere d in

Ophthalmi c school s and h osp ital s . Thi s uniformity of exam ination w ill give the c ertifi cate of the '

board a definite and fixed significanc e , whi ch w ill m ake i t oi real

a nd pra ctical valu e t o the profess ion and the publ ic . Whil e no formal w degree i s conferred , th e certific ate , if j ustly a ard ed , und er w i s e regu

t o l a t i ons , w ill probably come b e highly regard ed by tho s e who se study and exp erience entitl es them to th e confid ence of the c om m u ni t y as phys i cians and surgeons d evoting them s elves t o Ophthalmi c

pra ctice .

E E T H S U ICI D E O F S CI N C E . The m edical profession takes th e l ead in util izing the terribl e

w a r e xperiences of w a r for the future benefit of th e race , an d th e inj uries involving impairment of vi sion are l ikely t o furni sh valuabl e

w u w a r material from hi ch imp ortant d edu ctions may b e d raw n . B t a s goes on i t becom es ever more cl ear that th e appl i cation of mo d ern s cienc e to th e d estruction of the conditions under which s cience can

p i develo is s imply suici d e . It m ay b e effic ent an d gl orious , yet ' ' - - none the l es s it i s s elf d estruction . The s o call e d neutral nations , MAY , 19 16 63 tha t only feed and cloth e and supply m unitions t o th e belligerents w in a ord , trad e w ith them , participat e in the carnival of destruction ,

and suffer from i t . w O phthalmic s cience sho s the d isastrou s effects , not only in the

w a c N a b H Bi r n a h e r los s of such orkers as M , arm s , b c , Wagn er an d

W i c h e r k i e w i c z of w , and in d ive rsion the energi es of the scientifi c ork w e rs h o surviv e , but equally in th e crippling of agencies for inter

communication and the d iffusion of thought .

O P H T H A L M I C J O U RN A L S . The list carrie d until last month on th e third c over page of

O phtha l m i c L ite ra tu r e no longer repres ents th e ophthalm ic j ournal s f w o the orld . Some have cons olidated , others are susp end ed and

w h i s others still ill n ever again be published . It i s not p oss ibl e at t

t ime t o d etermin e w hich are only susp ended until m ore favorabl e w c onditions aris e , an d hich have run thei r cours e . It w ill b e notic ed that in thi s month ’s index of ophthalmology i s

found no referen ce to any G erman Ophthalmic j ournal . Thi s may be

t o partly due irregula rity of i ssu e , but probably d ep end s m ore on w l A t i nterferen ce ith th e transm ission of mai s . bl ockade to p reven sup pl ie s from going into G erm any may h ave no logical j ustification

w Bu t w a r hen it prevented s ci entifi c p ubli cations from com ing out . in

l ogic s oon y i eld s to p rimi tive instinct , For many months there has b een increasing d ifficulty and un certainty about getting th es e j our w na l s , and no th e blockad e has becom e qu ite effective against G erman

s cience . It becomes more and more cl ear that if reason and civilizati on

are to prevail a gainst bl in d pas sion and barbarism , th ei r interests w must be safeguarded be fore a r begins . Scien ce need s preparednes s

against w a r ; not m erel y p reparedness t o m ake w a r efficient t o the

po int of race disorgani zati on , and t o carry its chi ef c enters of d estru o ’ I w ti on nto th e enemy s c ountry . The s ci entific j ournal s of the orld

repre sent broa d , p erman ent , vital interests of the ra ce . The impai r ment of thei r efficiency and us efulnes s i s a hi nt of thos e general and l ess O bvious il ls that spread abroad w h en Europ ean stat esmen ’ P of w a r op ened thi s mod ern andora s box .

BO O K N OT I C E S .

o r n o J a P e r a c o n f t h e m a n E a nd Th i gt n, m e s . hilad elphia . R f ti o H u ye e d E m a n t h e e r a c o n SV0 M tho s of sti ti g R f ti . . , 42 4 pages , 3 44 illu s ’ r i ons w P P B e t a t , 27 of hich are colored . hiladelphia ' . l akiston P Son and C ompany . rice , ’ This book is an amalgamation of its author s w orks on R e fr a c ' tion and H ow to Refract , P rism s and Retino s copy , rearranged

- a nd c o ordinated fo r beginners i n ophthalmol ogy , particularly tho se

w h o have a l imited know le dge o f math ematic s . In its pres ent form it w ell repres ents the valuab le w o rk its auth or ha s don e in thi s part of w e d o t o the l iterature of ophthal mology , and not h es itat e say that w for t h e it is one of the best books of its cl as s no availabl e stud ent . b The first chapter , devoted to Optic s , t ell s a s much of this su j ect

a s can b e cond ens ed int o fourt een pages . After it com e three chap 6 4 O P H T H A L MI C L IT E RAT U R E

- ters , thirty nine pages , on p ri sm s . Th en com es a chapter of forty three p ages on es , th e trial case and pres cription w riting . A chap ter of thirty pages d eals with th e opti cal prop erties of the eye , vi sion , w etc . and one o f sixte en pages , ith the ophthalmos cop e . Am etrop ia - w i s consid ere d in t w o chapters of forty t o page s , and retinosc opy

- - in six chapters , fifty six pages . O ne chapter of fifty one page s i s d e

- vote d t o muscl es and five chapters , sixty fou r pages , t o d etails of th e

T w - measurem ent of r efra ction . o chapters , thirty six pages , ar e then given on presby opia , sp e ctacles and their fitting , etc . The abundant illu strations a dd much t o th e cl earness an d valu e ~ Of the w ork . The s iz e Of th e volum e has been kept d own by narrow w page margins an d the us e of a thin p ap er ; and , ith its fl ex ibl e cover and rounde d corners , i s very convenient t o handl e . The general char a cter of th e w o rk conform s w ell t o the aim state d by th e autho r ' By b eing dogmatic rat her than ambiguous ; by oc cas i onal rep eti tions t o avoid frequent referen ces , and by s impl e explanations , and a d efinite s ta tem ent of facts , the w rite r has a im ed to m ake the text ' conci se and comprehens ive .

a n a c on t h o e of P s c a n P a d e T r s ti s of e C ll g e hy i i s of hil l phi a . Third 3 7 vo s eries , volume , 8 , illu strated , 5 5 6 pages . P rinted for th e

C ollege .

Thi s volum e has esp e cial intere st fo r the ophthalm ologist , be caus e eighty- s ix pages of it are d evoted to t h e P ro c eedings of the S ection on

Ophthalmology Of th e C oll ege . Thes e proceedings are very conden sed , an d they are suppl em ente d by thirteen i llu strations and t w o c olored plates . The scop e of the ir contents may b e gathere d from the p age s of the Index of O phthalmology in this is sue , an d th ei r high value may b e inferred from th e w ell - know n attainm ents of th e P hil ad elphia group of t of ophthalmologists , m ost whom contribute o th es e pages .

Inde x o f Oph t h a l m ol o gy

DIAG N O SI S .

e r n J 6 23 5 Al p i , D. Amblyopi a . E cl ectic M ed . our . , v . 7 , p . . a o C lh u n, F. P . El ectri c C ol or Fin d er to Be U s ed in Mapping Visual J A n 66 B . . 1 . . Fiel d an d lind Spot . ( i ll . ) our Amer M ed s s , v , 2 p . 162 .

m o L . a n . P C r pt , G . S ocket C as e for oring O phthalmos cop e . ( 2 ill ) P P 9 T rans . C oll . hy s , hilad elphia , v . 3 7 , p . 3 3 . P P M odified Thorington Retin os cop e . T rans . C oll . hy s hil adelphia , 1 v . 3 7 , p . 3 9 . u rs m a L D C c h nn, H . Adrenal in E ye T e st an d ym ph o cy to si s in iagnos i s d 12 2 5 3 N e w Y M e . of C ardiac Affections . M ed . K l in . , v . , p . . ork

J V 103 903 . our . , p .

nd P H w . M itt e o rf , A . D . ain s in ead From Vie point of O phthalm ol ogi st

. 103 N e w . . 8 7 York M ed Jour , v , p . 8 . ’ l e r o t o D i oni n of D Ann d Oc u . T s n, A . O cul ar Rea ction a Test eath . . , 15 3 122 . . v , , p f 4 5 L o m a nn o . 2 7 5 . Repeated T itl e s . h ( 3 , p . 14 8 ) Arch . Ophth . , v . , p

T H E RA P E U T I C S .

a r D i o i S M e d 12 C y , E . H . n n ub conj unctivally . Texas Stat e J our . v . . 3 3 D. . nn M e d Ma , R . H . T . Sub conjun ctival Inj e ctions . T exa s State Jour . 2 2 1 3 . v . , p . r E h h d r o u r e i n E e B e d M . e . t l c O liv , G . H T oxi c Effe cts of y y p on y . rit . 22 J . 0 our , April , p . 5 8 . A M Y , 19 16 65

O r e t c h k i n B. B. l 1 8 , I odin in Op htha mology . Rus sky Vrach , v . 5 , N o . . J m n 66 16 66 our . A er . M e d . Ass , v . , p . . L a o D o nt He c k e nr t h 6 2 0 O h t h a l Rep eated T itle s . f nt , up and o ( , p . ) p m s c e 4 o op , v . 1 , p . 2 81.

O P E RAT I O N S .

L a l d o . S S i il . ) n lt , M ut ur e of cl era With C onj unctival C over n g . ( 2 1 1O h t . 3 5 ( 7 . Arch . p , v . , p .

c w P - P - S h e initz , G . E . d e . C onc ern ing o st Op erative and o st traumati c hi P P . C omp lications and Their Treatm ent . C oll . hy s , la delphia , v 3 7 , p . 4 32 . ’ V l d e 8 l 1 3 9 . a u d Oc u . 5 E . , ; I nexp edient Op erations Ann . , v . , p

4 . 2 5 . 1 2 . R ep eated T itl es . K uhnt ( , p . 6 7 ) Op hthalm oscop e , v , p 7

R EFRACT IO N . B d H Ann 1 e e J . ll , A . . The O cular C aus es of eadach e . Albany M ed , 1 37 , p . 21 . ’ u L 15 3 o r e d Oc . B u g oi s , A . C orrection of Anis ometrop ia . Ann . , v , 12 p . 3 .

- H J L a r n ol . E t . H . , e E . . ll t , . C igh yp ermetrop ia our O phth and Oto y g 0 118 v . 1 , p . . m - Ar t a nd S . . a . G ou g h , R. H . cienc e of O ptical Refraction T ex C o R ec 3 3 14 3 M e d . . , v . , p of m H ill , E . R efraction of Myop e s ; A C ons id eration C urr ent A eri can R e 2 5 7 c . . 2 1 . T each ing . Ophth . , v , p

- d ox i . . . , M ad , E . E . Over stra ne d Eyes an d The ir Treatment Ophth Rev

3 . v . 3 5 , p . 7 oo w W d a r d , J . F. Symptoms N oted in C as es of Refraction Ab ov e i - 84 1 . 8 an d U nder 4 0Years of age . Va . M e d . Sem M onthly , v . 2 , p .

O C U L A R M OV EM E N T S . i i H C . o m . C a p ne , G . External O phthal opleg a of yster cal O rigin ior d i 4 2 3 4 . 3 . i . i h i a t . P s c l . , , . C n e T een M ani c , Ferrara v p 16 N e w . . a S . . C l r k e , S . C . trab ismus or Squint M exico M ed Jour , v ,

p . 17 .

r r a c e . A i n P a r a l Do n , G . M l coholic Inj e ction s Facial N erve for Fa cial y 4 l l P P h 3 7 35 . CO . s . sis . hy , ila d elphia , v , p . r c m P P G is o , J . M . C ongenit al aralysis of External R ectu s With aresi s

. of Internal Rectu s and R etraction Movem ent s of Eyeball . T ran s P P 7 41 s . 3 . 5 C oll . hy , hilad elph ia , v p .

a s e F of S P . H n ll , H . . Op erative Treatm ent trabismus . enn . M e d . Jour , 4 v . 19 , p . 5 9 . a r r P f il l s C . . o 2 . H i , M al sy Ext ernal R ectus M uscl e With O peration . ( )

P J . 19 . . . 95 enn M e d our , v , p . 4 .

a r e r C . P E n M g ud , A . aralysi s of xter al O cular Mu scl es . O phth . R ec . , 2 5 2 0. v . , p . 6

e be r - t u S P J . R , W . N on Op erative Trea m ent of trabi smus . enn . M ed . o r , 2 7 19 . 9 . v . , p e e r s B . S S ll , R . Result s Exp ecte d in trabismu s Op erations . T exa s M e d 12 . 0 Stat e Jour , v . , p . 3 .

e ve . D i St ns , G . T ecl nations of Verti cal M eridian s of R etina . 3 ill . )

f . . o 4 5 05 Arch O phth , v . , p . 2 . a a c o r J S B M ed . . 1 . 68 . . 1 . V ill n u t , trabismus ull d e 'uebec v . 7 , p , oo n D W tto , H . W . ivergent C omitant Strabi smus , Musc ul ar Anom a li es n and R efra ct ive Errors Accompany i g it ; Treatment . O phthalm o 14 s cop e , v . , p . 2 3 6. ’ Z e nt m a e r y , W . The O Connor O peration for Advancement of O cula r P . 3 . P h 4 12 s 37 . M us cl es ( ill ) Trans . C oll . hy , ilad elphia , v . , p . ’ c n n P P Results of O on or O p eratio for Squint . Tran s . C oll . hys hila 390 P 3 7 . 9 . . . 1 20 d elphia , v , p enn . M ed . Jour , v . , p . 5 . 6 6 O P H T H A L M I C L IT E RAT U R E

C O N J U N CT IVA .

r De l o m e . T reatm ent of G onorrheal O phthalm ia With Vaccin e of l ’ B a i zot . d h t O . 3 5 N ic oll e an d Arch . p , v . , p . 89.

e a t F C . S D M e d H h , . chool an d ifferentiation . Indianap ol is . 1 0 Jour . , V . 9 , p . 19 . c e E B P U s e . e H k l , . G ono co ccic urulent C onj unctivitis ; of I ce d N ormal P u 19 S S . . . . . 5 0 alt olution enn M ed Jo r , v , p . 7 . P a Soc . 2 e . . . V C . . 12 98 t , N T rachoma Jou r Arkan sas M ed , . , p . .

r nc E z - P i e , A . . Fro en C arb on d ioxid in T reatment of Trach oma , Vernal

P 2 19 . . 4 C atarrh an d terygium . ( 1 ill . ) Arch . of O phth , v . 5 , p . P ’ R e , F. P ath ologi c Anatomy of arinaud s C onjunctivitis . Arch . d i 1 3 3 5 . O tt . , v . , p .

P . e b c C . . R u k, . S Etiology an d Treatm ent of Trachoma . enn M ed 01 6 . V . 19 . Jour . , , p dl e Ri y , N . C . P n eumoco ccal Infe ction o f Eye . O phthalm oscop e , v . 14 , p . 2 32 .

o m s o n . B S Th p , G . H O phthalmia N eonatorum . o ston M ed . and urg . 1 4 4 7 7 5 . Jour . , v . , p .

t - Z n m a e r . H e i sr a t h P e d . e y , W R esult o f K uhnt O p eration . enn . M . Jour , 19 5 20 v . , p . . EA AN D L E C O R N SC RA .

a Bl w Ae r t ze 4 a b S U . S 6 49 . H , O . erp ent l c er . C o r . f . ch ei zer , v . , p .

a ns e F. E t h l h d r oc u r e i n P s P H ll , H . N ote on y y p . T rans . C oll . hy , hila 3 4 2 d elphia , v . 7 , p . 6 . na K pp, A . S cleriti s Where T ubercl e Bacillus Was C ultivate d From

f . 4 4 o 5 . . 28 Aqu e ous . Arch O phth , v . , p . a r M pl e , W . B. P n eumo co cc al U l cer of C orn ea , T reate d With Serum 4 . 5 2 8 and Vac cine . Arch . of O phth , v . , p . 7 . e R e c e e r E . oc . . U . . . S . N p , R . C orneal l ce r C olo , Ophth , Jan O phth , v 2 2 5 9 5 , p . . a nd A O h R ol ph , R . L . Symm etrical Cystoid S cars of C ornea fte r p i t h a l m a B e d . M . N eonat orum . ull . . an d Chi r Faculty, Maryland , v 8 0. , p . 15

n S . O . Ri g , G . O p erative Re sults in Exten sive Anterior yne chia . Trans P 4 06 P s 3 7 . C oll . hy , hilad elphia , v . , p . c r T w o H Uh S a l e tt . Diplobacillus Infe ction of C ornea ; Form s ith erto ’O l 15 3 100 d c u . . d es cribe d . ( 2 ill . ) Ann . , v . , p a 4 D r e r 6 1 . 1 Repe at ed T itle s . i ( , p . 22 ) O phthal mos cop e , v . , p 2 8 .

A N T E RI O R C H AM BE R A N D P U P I L .

a r e B h of M pl , W . . Chol esterin C ry stal s in Anterio r Chamb er . Arc . 4 2 6 O phth . , V . 5 , p . 8 . W a lt r L P D 42 e . 2 89 . . os s of up il R efl ex . euts che M e d Wo ch v , , p .

U V EA L T RACT .

B e f o nn on P A a Se . . . hysi ologi c T remulous I ri s . C ompt . Rend . c d . d . , v 161 , p . 5 7 3 . B r J P u g e s s , . L . Subc onj unctival Inj e cti on s in lasti c Iritis . Texa s

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