Missa Benedicta Et Antiennes Votives

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Missa Benedicta Et Antiennes Votives Nicholas Ludford (c.1485–1557) Missa Benedicta et antiennes votives CHOIR OF NEW COLLEGE , OXFORD EDWARD HIGGI N BOTTOM 1 1 Antienne Ave cuius conceptio 8’03 (ed. N. Sandon) MISSA BENEDICTA ET VENERABILIS 2 Introit (plain-chant) : Salve sancta Parens 2’42 3 Gloria in excelsis Deo 9’07 4 Graduel (plain-chant) : Benedicta et venerabilis 2’44 5 Alleluia (plain-chant) : Post partum Virgo inviolata Alleluia 2’41 6 Credo in unum Deum 8’23 7 Offertoire (plain-chant) : Ave Maria, gratia plena 1’58 8 Sanctus & Benedictus 10’02 9 Communion (plain-chant) : Beata viscera 0’55 10 Agnus Dei 6’54 11 Antienne Domine Jesu Christe 9’42 (ed. N. Sandon) > minutage total : 63’13 2 CHOIR OF NEW COLLEGE , OXFORD Trebles : Matthew Clarke, Sebastian Cox, Hugh Cutting, William Ford, Henry Jenkinson, William Hewstone, Horatio Holloway, Jake Mitson, Jonathan Moloney, Philip Parker, Joshua Ridley, Lewis Spring, Hector Stinton, James Swash, Oscar Talbot, Humphrey Thompson, Richard Whittington Altos : Hugh Brunt, Dominic Burnham, Dana Marsh, Stephen Taylor Ténors : Adrian Lowe, Alex Clissold-Jones, James Brown, Alastair Putt Basses : Christopher Borrett (cantor), George Coltart, Thomas Edwards, Jonathan Howard, Maxim Jones, David Newsholme, Thomas Osborne, Duncan Saunderson Orgue : Nicholas Wearne DIRE C TIO N : EDWARD HIGGI N BOTTOM 3 Nicholas Ludford (c.1485–1557) Ce n’est que relativement récemment que la The music of Nicholas Ludford has been musique de Nicholas Ludford a été redécouverte, recovered only relatively recently, through the grâce aux recherches menées par John work of John Bergsagel, Nicholas Sandon and Bergsagel, Nicholas Sandon et David Skinner. David Skinner. Few composers of his stature Peu de compositeurs de cette envergure ont été have been so comprehensively and so unjustly négligés de façon aussi complète et aussi injuste, ignored for nearly five centuries. This CD et ce, pendant près de cinq siècles. Ce disque presents one of his most accomplished ‘festal’ présente l’une de ses messes festives les plus masses ‘Benedicta et Venerabilis’ and two of accomplies, la Missa “Benedicta et Venerabilis”, his extended antiphons. ainsi que deux de ses antiennes particulièrement développées. La carrière de Ludford semble s’être entièrement Ludford’s career seems to have been spent déroulée dans la sphère d’influence et d’activité entirely within the sphere of influence and du palais de Westminster, pendant la première activity of the Palace of Westminster in the moitié du XVIe siècle. Son nom apparaît dans first half of the sixteenth century. His name les archives de la chapelle Saint-Étienne (située appears in the records of St Stephen’s Chapel à l’intérieur du palais) dès le début des années (within the Palace) from the early 1520s. In 1520. En 1527, on mentionne sa nomination au 1527 there is a reference to his appointment poste de “bedeau de la chapelle”. Il recevait as ‘verger of the chapel’. He also received également un traitement en tant qu’organiste. a stipend as ‘organist’. These appointments Ces renseignements quant à ses fonctions ne do not altogether clarify his responsibilities nous éclairent pas tout à fait sur son rôle en towards the choral music of the chapel, but matière de musique chorale pour la chapelle, given his choral output it is likely that he had mais l’importance de son œuvre pour chœur responsibility also towards the maintenance tend à suggérer qu’on lui avait également of choral services. In 1548 the Chapel was confié des responsabilités pour le déroulement dissolved as part of the Henrican reforms, des offices choraux. En 1548, la chapelle fut and Ludford pensioned off. There is also dissoute dans le cadre des réformes religieuses evidence for an association with St Margaret’s d’Henri VIII, et Ludford fut mis à la retraite. Il Westminster, where he was eventually buried existe aussi des traces de son association avec in 1557. l’église Sainte-Marguerite à Westminster, où il fut enterré en 1557. 4 La décennie qui précède la mort de Ludford est The ten or so years before his death had been une période de turbulence pour l’Église anglaise turbulent years for the English Church and its et sa liturgie, à cause notamment des réformes liturgy, notably with the Edwardian reforms d’Édouard VI qui aboutissent au Prayer Book de leading to the Prayer Book of 1549, this 1549, réformes survenues peu après la dissolution coming close on the dissolution of all Roman de toutes les fondations catholiques. La rupture Catholic foundations. Henry VIII’s break with entre Henri VIII et l’Église de Rome avait ouvert la Rome had opened the way for reformers voie à l’influence des réformateurs de convictions of a Protestant persuasion to exercise their protestantes. Ludford (à la différence de Tallis influence. Ludford (unlike Tallis and Tye) seems ou de Tye) ne semble jamais avoir manifesté to have shown no interest in responding to the d’intérêt pour les besoins en musique d’une musical needs of a reformed liturgy. He died liturgie réformée. C’est pendant la brève période during the brief return to Roman Catholicism de retour au catholicisme sous le règne de Marie under Mary Tudor (reigned 1553-58), probably Tudor (1553-1558) qu’il meurt, sans doute encore still devoted to his Catholic beliefs. fidèle à ses principes catholiques. Telle qu’elle nous est parvenue, la musique de Ludford’s extant music comprises a number Ludford comprend plusieurs messes festives of festal masses as well as ferial (alternatim) ainsi que des messes fériales (alternatim), un masses, a Magnificat and several votive Magnificat, et des antiennes votives. Une grande antiphons. A large proportion of the music partie de cette musique est conservée dans is preserved in two sources, the Caius and deux sources, le Caius Choirbook et le Lambeth Lambeth Choirbooks. David Skinner has Choirbook. David Skinner a émis l’hypothèse argued that both were probably copied at que ces deux manuscrits ont été copiés à the instigation of Edward Higgins, Master of l’instigation d’Edward Higgins, Master d’Arundel Arundel College from 1520. Higgins also held College à partir de 1520. Higgins fut également, a canonry at St Stephen’s Westminster from dès 1517, chanoine de la chapelle de Saint- 1517. It is from these sources that the musical Étienne à Westminster. C’est de ces sources que text of the Mass ‘Benedicta et Venerabilis’ is provient le texte musical de la Missa “Benedicta taken. The two votive antiphons on this CD et Venerabilis”. Les deux antiennes votives are conserved in the so-called Peterhouse enregistrées ici, Ave cuius conceptio et Domine partbooks, originally five in number, but now Jesu Christe, sont conservées dans ce qu’il est missing a tenor partbook. The completion 5 convenu d’appeler les “Peterhouse partbooks” ; of ‘Ave cuius conceptio’ and ‘Domine Jesu ces parties séparées étaient cinq à l’origine, mais Christe’ has been made by Nicholas Sandon. il manque aujourd’hui l’une des parties de ténor. Les deux œuvres ont été complétées par Nicholas Sandon. La messe festive “Benedicta et Venerabilis” tire The festal mass ‘Benedicta et Venerabilis’ takes son nom du texte du Graduel pour les fêtes de its name from the text of the Gradual for la Sainte Vierge : “Vous êtes bénie et digne de feasts of the BVM: ‘Blessed and Honoured vénération, ô Vierge Marie, car sans aucune is the Virgin Mary who, without stain, has atteinte à votre pureté vous êtes devenue la Mère become the mother of our Saviour’. It is du Sauveur.” Prévue pour six voix, elle constitue written for six voices, and like the mass avec la Missa “Videte miraculum” (également à six ‘Videte miraculum’ (also in six voices), is the voix) la plus ambitieuse de ses mises en musique most ambitious of his mass settings. The six- du texte de la messe. L’écriture à six voix divise en part scoring divides tenors and basses, the deux les ténors et les basses ; la partie de ténor II second tenor sometimes deriving its part from est parfois issue du plain-chant. On peut signaler plainchant. There are several notable features plusieurs traits notables du style contrapuntique to Ludford’s contrapuntal style. The first is his de Ludford. Mentionnons tout d’abord la variété variety of scoring (for reduced combinations des effectifs : le compositeur fait parfois appel à of voices), reflecting usages found earlier in des combinaisons de voix réduites, ce qui reflète the Eton Choirbook, but in its variety and des usages déjà présents dans l’Eton Choirbook euphony taking a step beyond Eton. It is in antérieur, mais dépasse celui-ci en variété these sections that Ludford demonstrates an et euphonie. Dans ces sections, Ludford fait extraordinary melodic grace, spinning his lines preuve d’une grâce mélodique extraordinaire, out of motives which through sequential (but développant ses lignes à partir de motifs qui à always varied) repetition take on a logic much force de répétitions séquentielles (mais toujours more commonly associated with the melodic variées) acquièrent une logique qu’on associe construction of later styles. There is an elegance bien plus souvent à la construction mélodique here easily matching the accomplishment of de styles postérieurs à cette époque. Il y a là his great English contemporary John Taverner. une élégance qui tient aisément la comparaison It is also in these reduced-voice sections that avec les réalisations de son grand contemporain Ludford seems to engage most personally with anglais John Taverner. C’est également dans his text. In the six-voiced writing Ludford tends ces sections pour effectifs réduits que Ludford to be more abstract, with plentiful rhythmic 6 semble montrer le plus d’engagement personnel inflections animating a harmonic pacing avec son texte.
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