HEERLEN,STRATEGIES THE | 7X600 | M.M.P.J. DINGENAAND | 0909816 PLACES | QUARTILE 1 & 2, 2015-2016 TABLE OF CONTEXT

HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 | PART 1 1

BUILDING BLOCK 8A | PART 2 17

INTERVENTION | PART 3 43

BIBLIOGRAPHY | PART 4 57 FIG. 0: BUILDING BLOCK 8A IN A MAP OF HEERLEN (1:4000). HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 OVERVIEW

The city of Heerlen is divided into clusters based on the existing main traffic structure. Area 8 and 9 are together a cluster that is situated in the south near the city centre of Heerlen. This area is surrounded by a couple of important roads, such as the Valkenburgerweg, the Kruisstraat, the Welterlaan, and the highway N281.

This report contains an analysis that focusses on building block 8A that is highlighted in Figure 1. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 1 WELTERLAAN OUDE LINDESTRAAT

HAMERSTRAAT

BENZEN- VALKENBURGERWEG RADERWEG

EUTERPELAAN

KRUISSTRAAT

BENZENRADERWEG OUDE LINDESTRAAT AMBACHTSSTRAAT DEKEN NICOLAYESTRAAT

SCHOOLSTRAAT CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT FIG. 1: OVERVIEW AREA 8 & 9. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 TRAFFIC LOGIC

Figure 2 shows the current traffic system surrounding the cluster exists out of different streets. The Valkenburgerweg is an avenue between the Pancratiusplein and the city of Valkenburg. The Welterlaan transforms from the highway A79 that starts in into an avenue. Between the Valkenburgerweg and the Welterlaan another avenue is situated called the Kruisstraat. Finally, the N281 highway starts in the junction Kerensheide and leads to other cities, such as Kerkrade and Aachen (Germany).

The figure shows the possibilities to access the cluster by car, however, all streets are accessible for bicycles and pedestrians. The pedestrians even have more routes due to the fact of having alleys. All streets in this cluster have a speed limitation of 30 kilometres per hour and some of them are only accessible through one direction. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 3 OUDE LINDESTRAAT

HAMERSTRAAT

VALKENBURGERWEG

BENZENRADERWEG OUDE LINDESTRAAT

PEDESTRIAN PATHS SCHOOLSTRAAT STREETS CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT FIG. 2: TRAFFIC SYSTEM OF AREA 8 & 9 ACCESSIBLE BY CAR. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 TRAFFIC LOGIC

Entering the cluster through the Oude Lindestraat from the N281 highway (Fig.3) has the feeling of entering a park through the green surroundings and curvy road. This entrance will mainly be used by the employees of the pension fund that come from the highway.

The entrance in Figure 4 through the Hamerstraat will be used by the inhabitants of this area, due to the residential buildings on both sides of the street. The street also have a difference in height level, which results in different heights in the roofs of the buildings.

The Benzenraderweg (Fig. 5) is a narrow one-direction street with a speed-limitation of 30 km per hour. The old school of the mines is situated on the left side and residential buildings on the right. This street will be used by the inhabitants of these residential buildings.

Figure 6 shows that The Oude Lindestraat can also be entered from the Kruisstraat. This side has other characteristics then the entrance from the highway, so is this street narrow with buildings on both sides. The building on the left is “Huis op de Linde” the former office building of architect F.P.J. Peutz. The street will be used by the inhabitants of these buildings. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 5 FIG. 3: OUDE LINDESTRAAT FROM THE N281 HIGHWAY. FIG. 4: HAMERSTRAAT FROM THE WELTERLAAN.

FIG. 5: BENZENRADERWEG FROM THE KRUISSTRAAT. FIG. 6: OUDE LINDESTRAAT FROM THE KRUISSTRAAT. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 TRAFFIC LOGIC

The Schoolstraat (Fig. 7) is a narrow street one-direction street leading to the monumental school of crafts. Both sides of this streets has residential buildings with on one side parking lots. This street will be used by the inhabitants of this streets.

Figure 8 shows that the entrance through the Coriovallumstraat can be entered from the Kruisstraat. The street has on left side classical residential buildings and on the right side both modern residential buildings as a office building. In the beginning of the street is even a small parking area for the visitors of the office building.

Figure 9 and 10 shows that the Valkenburgerweg is an important connection towards the city centre of Heerlen since the Roman period. It is wider then the streets inside the cluster and has residential as office buildings on both sides. More towards the traffic node with the Euterpelaan the residential buildings will become higher and there will be green in the middle of the street due to the traffic node. Across the street a big park/ garden is situated, however, this green area is not visible through the difference in level of height. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 7 FIG. 7: SCHOOLSTRAAT FROM THE KRUISSTRAAT. FIG. 8: CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT FROM THE KRUISSTRAAT.

FIG. 9: VALKENBURGERWEG FROM THE KRUISSTRAAT. FIG. 10: VALKENBURGERWEG FROM THE TRAFFIC NODE WITH IN THE LEFT THE EUTERPELAAN. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 NOTION OF EXPERIENCE LOGIC

As can be seen in Figure 11, a map of Heerlen in 1938, most buildings blocks are closed. In the south of the map the cluster and building block 8A can be recognized by Jan Stuyts’s monumental school of crafts. This cluster was on the border of the city near to the river Geleenbeek.

Important differences compared to the state of the art are the constructed highways, the improved density, the bigger scale, and the more open building blocks. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 9 FIG. 11: MAP OF HEERLEN IN 1938. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 NOTION OF EXPERIENCE LOGIC

On 2 February 1939 the Welterlaan (Fig. 12) was a paved road with on both sides greenery and no houses, which means that this was not part of the city centre. Through it appearance, however, the Welterlaan was a important entrance of the city back in the 1930’s. Today the Welterlaan has a formal and grey character with houses on both sides.

Figure 13 shows that the traffic node between the Kruisstraat, Coriovallumstraat, and Schoolstraat was in March 1971 a important traffic node. The building in the middle of the photo and the building on the right in the Coriovallumstraat were also used for commerce in that time. In the back of the photo the shopping center ‘t Loon can be recognized. As can be seen the state in 1971 differs not much from the state of the art except for the roundabout.

Figure 14 shows that in March 1979 the building Huis op de Linde was already built by the design of F.P.J. Peutz. In front of this building, however, was a small parking, which is not present in the state of the art. The right side of Oude Lindestraat was also used for parking as in the current state.

The Burgemeester de Kesselplein had in February 1979 also a park in front of the school of crafts shown in Figure 15. The school of crafts can be seen in the left side with cars parked in front of it. The park is less green by the lack of trees and feels less public then the park currently is. The buildings around the Burgemeester de Kesselplein nearly changed through the period of time. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 11 FIG. 12: WELTERLAAN ON FEBRUARY 2, 1939. FIG. 13: TRAFFIC NODE BETWEEN THE KRUISSTRAAT, CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT, SCHOOLSTRAAT IN MARCH 1971.

FIG. 14: THE OUDE LINDESTRAAT WITH ON THE LEFT THE FIG. 15: BURGEMEESTER DE KESSELPLEIN WITH THE HUIS OP DE LINDE IN MARCH, 1979. SCHOOL OF CRAFTS ON THE LEFT IN FEBRUARY 1979. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 NOTION OF EXPERIENCE LOGIC

The building in the Benzenraderweg (Fig. 16) was designed as the school of the mines. Currently the building still exists and still houses the educational function. The street in front of the school is wide and grey with parking spaces along it, currently this street is a narrow one-direction street with a speed limitation and has more greenery along this side of the street.

As can be seen in Figure 17 that the school of crafts is aligned in the axis starting in the Tempsplein, which, in combination with its height, shows the importance of the building. The exact date of the photo is unknown, however, it should be taken before 1970; the start of the construction of the pension fund office building. The lack of cars in the streets is another noticeable fact.

Figure 18 shows that the construction of the pension fund office building started on 16 January 1970. The surroundings are green and the people look happy. The people have their arms crossed and look satisfied to the start of the construction.

After the construction was completed, the green surroundings were used as a playground for children (Fig. 19), mostly for the children of the employees. Different playground equipments can be seen in the back of this picture. This photo, taken on 2 July 1977, shows seven children of the same age that pose for the cameraman. However, in the current situation there is no playground anymore. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 13 FIG. 16: THE SCHOOL OF THE MINES IN THE FIG. 17: TEMPSPLEIN WITH IN THE BACK THE SCHOOL OF BENZENRADERWEG, DATE UNKNOWN. CRAFTS, DATE UNKNOWN.

FIG. 18: START OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE PENSION FIG. 19: CHILDREN PLAYGROUND NEAR THE PENSION FUND OFFICE BUILDING ON JANUARY 16, 1970. FUND OFFICE BUILDING ON JULY 2, 1977. HEERLEN, AREA 8 & 9 TYPOMORPHOLOGY

Typomorphology makes distinctions between the next six options: • City block as urban ‘surface filling’/ ‘continuous’ texture; • Ribbon development as (suburban) linear texture; • Garden city block as element of urban texture; • Garden city block as element of suburban texture; • Train track related built elements; • Highway related built elements.

Area 8 and 9 has two different typomorphologies, namely the city block as urban ‘surface filling’ and the highway related built elements (Fig. 20). The building blocks designed by Jan Stuyt and which were drawn on the map of Heerlen in 1938 are considered to be urban ‘surface filling’.

The two high-rise office buildings of the pension fund and the bank building are highway related built elements that is coloured grey in the figure. Finally the buildings along the Welterlaan are transition between these two typologies. The buildings of the Welterlaan have a more traditional architectural look, however, the buildings were built after the 1950’s. 1. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 15 FIG. 20: TYPOMORPHOLOGY OF AREA 8-9. BUILDING BLOCK 8A OVERVIEW

The cluster is divided into separated parts.

Building block 8A (Fig. 21) is not a typical building block, the building block exists out of the monumental redesigned school of crafts with some nearby buildings, such as the refurbished Rabobank office, multi family houses, and single family houses. Figures 22 till 26, on the next page, show the buildings of this building block.

Behind the monumental school of crafts is a large garden/park situated, however the entrances to this park in the Coriovallumstraat and the Valkenburgerweg have a barrier, with a large unused semi-public park as a result. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 17 VALKENBURGERWEG

BURGEMEESTER DE CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT HESSELLEPLEIN

FIG. 21: OVERVIEW BUILDING BLOCK 8A. FIG. 22: MULTI FAMILY HOUSE IN THE FIG. 23: REFURBISHED RABOBANK OFFICE BY DREESSEN CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT. WILLEMSE ARCHITECTEN IN THE EUTERPELAAN.

FIG. 24: PARK IN FRONT OF THE MONUMENTAL SCHOOL FIG. 25: BACKSIDE OF THE REDESIGNED SCHOOL OF OF CRAFTS. CRAFTS. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 19 FIG. 26: FRONTSIDE OF THE MONUMENTAL REDESIGNED SCHOOL OF CRAFTS OF JAN STUYT BY MBM ARQUITECTES IN THE BURGEMEESTER DE HESSELLEPLEIN. FIG. 27: AXONOMETRIC NORTH BUILDING BLOCK 8A.

7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 21 FIG. 28: AXONOMETRIC EAST BUILDING BLOCK 8A. FIG. 29: AXONOMETRIC SOUTH BUILDING BLOCK 8A.

7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 23 FIG. 30: AXONOMETRIC WEST BUILDING BLOCK 8A. FIG. 31: TOP VIEW BUILDING BLOCK 8A (1:2000). SECTION 1 SECTION 2

SECTION A

SECTION B

7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 25 SECTION A-A

SECTION B-B

SECTION 1-1

SECTION 2-2

FIG. 32: SECTIONS BUILDING BLOCK 8A (1:2.000). FIG. 33: BUILDING BLOCK 8A ELEVATED NORTH.

7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 27 FIG. 34: BUILDING BLOCK 8A ELEVATED SOUTH. FIG. 35: BUILDING BLOCK 8A OFFICE BUILDINGS ELEVATED. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 29 FIG. 36: BUILDING BLOCK 8A MULTI FAMILY HOUSES ELEVATED. FIG. 37: BUILDING BLOCK 8A SINGLE FAMILY HOUSES ELEVATED. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 31 FIG. 38: BUILDING BLOCK 8A REMAINING BUILDINGS ELEVATED. BUILDING BLOCK 8A TRAFFIC LOGIC

After entering the cluster through one of the avenues, a system of streets appear. Area 8 exists mostly out of one direction streets with a focus on the redesigned school of crafts of Jan Stuyt (Fig. 39). This building is not only standing in the middle of an axis between two building blocks with a square in between them, it also lines up with a second square in front of the school.

Area 8 is also accessible for pedestrian through narrow alleys, such as the alley next to a multifamily building where pedestrians can enter the Coriovallumstraat from the Valkenburgerweg, and the square in front of the monumental school of crafts.

Building block 8A has also multiple parking lots, such as the one behind the school of crafts and behind the Rabobank office. These parking lots are used by the employees of the offices. The residents of the buildings in this building block mostly park their car in the streets, such as in the Coriovallumstraat and Burgemeester de Hesselleplein. The multi family building has it one parking garage that can be accessed from the Valkenburgerweg. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 33 VALKENBURGERWEG

PARKING

PARKING

BURGEMEESTER DE CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT HESSELLEPLEIN

PEDESTRIAN PATHS STREETS FIG. 39: TRAFFIC SYSTEM OF BUILDING BLOCK 8A. BUILDING BLOCK 8A TRAFFIC LOGIC

The Burgemeester de Kesselplein (Fig. 40) is a narrow one-direction street with on the left a small park and on the right parking lots, a small green zone, and the monumental school of crafts. Between the street and the park in the left a low fence is created to divide the street from the park.

Figure 41 shows the Coriovallumstraat that can be recognized by its modern buildings. Both, the left and the right, show multi-family houses. The left side of the street can be used for parking. The street leads to a semi-public park, however, by the use of a barrier the park does not attract people to enter.

The park in front of the school of crafts (Fig. 42), however, is public. People, especially employees and inhabitants of the nearby residential buildings, make use of this park. The park offers space to play sports, such as Jeux de Boule. This park is a path directing towards the monumental school.

The path from the Valkenburgerweg and the Coriovallumstraat (Fig. 43) is used by the residents of the nearby houses. The residents get easily to the shopping centre ‘t Loon. The alley has to overcome different levels of height. This alley is useful due to the barriers in the semi-public park. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 35 FIG. 40: BURGEMEESTER DE KESSELPLEIN. FIG. 41: CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT.

FIG. 42: PATH THROUGH THE PARK IN FRONT OF THE FIG. 43: PATH FROM THE VALKENBURGERWEG TO THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS. CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT. BUILDING BLOCK 8A NOTION OF EXPERIENCE LOGIC

Figure 44 shows that in 1913 the construction of the school of crafts by the design from Jan Stuyt was completed. The main entrance of this building is aligned with the street in front, along the street two green zones are created that lead to the entrance of the building.

The first extension (Fig. 45) was completed in 1917 and has created a new wing on the left side of the building. The street towards the school is replaced by a path through a park with a low fence as a border.

In 1920 the second extension was completed (Fig. 46), a new wing on the right side attached to the school. The photo was taken in 1975 with still the park in front of it, however, the park has a new design and lost its connection towards the entrance of the school. In front of the school cars are parked in the length. Another notable difference is the new dormer above the entrance that changed through the years.

Figure 47 shows that on 21 October 1998 most of the school got destroyed due to a fire, only the outer walls and construction survived this disaster. In front of the school still are parking spaces, however, the cars do not park in the length anymore with more parking spaces as a result. Behind the school building the office building of the ABP can be seen. In 1997 the building got renovated by the design of MBM Arquitectes. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 37 FIG. 44: THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS BY JAN STUYT AFTER FIG. 45: THE FIRST EXTENSION OF THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS COMPLETION IN 1913. COMPLETED IN 1917.

FIG. 46: THE SECOND EXTENSION OF THE SCHOOL OF FIG. 47: THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS GOT DESTROYED CRAFTS, PHOTO TAKEN IN 1975. DURING A FIRE ON OCTOBER 21, 1998. BUILDING BLOCK 8A NOTION OF EXPERIENCE LOGIC

The first aerial photo of the school of craft (Fig. 48) is made in October 1962. It clears show the garden behind the school that belong to the managers of the Dutch mines, the park in front of the school, and the parking places of this area. The parking spaces of the school of crafts are behind the school, there is a small parking for approximately 20 cars.

The second aerial photo, Figure 49, is taken in August 1988. As can be seen there are differences between the two aerial photos, such as size of the parking behind the school which grew multiple times, the park in front the school that has more trees and a different design, more cars parked along the streets through the area, and the pension fund office building was built.

Figure 50 shows that in 1961 the houses of the managers of the Dutch State Mines (DSM) got photographed. Two royal semi detached houses that show the wealth through the mines. Around these two houses a enormous garden is situated. Both, the houses and the garden, remained untouched through the years.

In July 1963 the construction of the bank building started on the Euterpelaan (Fig. 51). Across the street a high-rise multi family building and a swimming pool were situated. The high-rise building is currently still present in Heerlen, the swimming pool got demolished. The bank building that got built is renovated through the period of time. The green area on the right in the photo show the garden where houses of the managers of the mines are situated. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 39 FIG. 48: AERIAL OF THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS IN OCTOBER FIG. 49: AERIAL OF THE SCHOOL OF CRAFTS IN AUGUST 1962. 1988.

FIG. 50: HOUSES OF THE MANAGERS OF THE DUTCH STATE FIG. 51: START OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE BANK MINES IN 1961. OFFICE IN JULY 1963. BUILDING BLOCK 8A TYPOMORPHOLOGY

The buildings in building block 8A exist out of two different typomorphologies. All buildings are considered to be a city blokc as urban ‘surface filling‘; ‘continuous’ texture, and the office building of the Rabobank is part of the highway related built elements.

Like stated before this building block is not a typical building block due to the fact that it mostly exists out of multiple free standing buildings. Because of the free standing buildings most of them don not have a specific front and back side.

As can be seen in Figure 52, four buildings that are situated inside the garden are all- sided orientated. Both the school of crafts and the bank office are three-sided orientated due to the back side which is facing the garden/park and the highway. Two buildings are two sided orientated, one building covers the whole width of the building block and therefore faces two streets and the other building follows the street around the corner. Only two buildings are one-sided orientated and have a clear front and back side.

Another observation that can be made are the differences of . The school of crafts is tradition like its surroundings in the Burgemeester de Kesselplein, however, the buildings in the Coriovallumstraat are more modern. This is because the Coriovallumstraat is a transition zone between the this traditional part and the modern part of the city. 2. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 41 ALL-SIDED ORIENTATED

THREE-SIDED ORIENTATED

TWO-SIDED ORIENTATED

FIG. 52: DIFFERENT TYPOMORPHOLOGIES OF ONE-SIDED ORIENTATED BUILDING BLOCK 8A. INTERVENTION OVERVIEW

Building block 8A has several problems that needs to be solved by interventions in order to create a better quality of life for both the building block, the cluster, and the city of Heerlen.

IBA Parkstad 2020 and will be explored and used as references. By the means of these references guidelines will be formulated and eventually solutions in the form of interventions will be designed. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 43

INTERVENTION REFERENCE: WIEL ARETS

The Dutch architect Wiel Arets (Fig. 53) was born in 1955 in Heerlen, graduated in 1983 from the University of Technology, and has won an uncountable number of architectural awards during his career. He designed several buildings in the region of Heerlen, such as the renovated Glaspaleis (Fig. 54) and renovation and extension of the AZL Pension Fund Headquarters (Fig. 55) in Heerlen as well his own House & Studio Arets (Fig. 56), the H’ House (Fig. 57), and Academy of Arts in Maastricht (Fig. 58).

A similar approach of modern architecture is present in the redesign of the school of crafts by Spanish architects MBM arquitectes in Building Block 8A. The use of this architecture with the use of concrete and natural materials in the semi-public park behind the school of arts can connect and open this park to the other building blocks. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 45 FIG. 53: WIEL ARETS. FIG. 54: BACKSIDE OF THE RENOVATED GLASPALEIS IN FIG. 55: THE EXTENSION OF THE AZL PENSION FUND HEERLEN. HEADQUARTERS IN HEERLEN.

FIG. 56: HOUSE & STUDIO ARETS IN MAASTRICHT. FIG. 57: THE H’HOUSE IN MAASTRICHT.

7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 47 FIG. 58: THE ACADEMY OF ARTS IN MAASTRICHT. INTERVENTION IBA 2020 PARKSTAD

The IBA is an abbreviation for the German: Internationale Bau Ausstellung (International Building Exposition) and are a creative approach to improve the city with an economic impulse as a result. These expositions are normally only for German cities, however, the region Parkstad with the city of Heerlen and Basel in Switserland will have IBA in 2020 because both cities have German influences.

Parkstad is a region in the south of the Netherlands and exists out of multiple municipalities: Heerlen, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Brunssum, Nuth, Voerendaal, Simpelveld, and Onderbanken. The characteristic of the area is the interdependence between the countryside and the city. In urban areas, many green zones are extended to the countryside with a that the naturally transition from urban to rural.

IBA 2020 Parkstad will be directed by Jo Coenen (Fig. 59), another famous architect from Heerlen. Coenen graduated in Architecture at the Eindhoven University of Technology, such as follow citizen Wiel Arets. Coenen was professor at universities such as Eindhoven and Delft. After his office designed the winning masterplan for IBA Hamburg in 2013 Coenen got asked for the function as director of IBA Parkstad 2020. Coenen is known for his innovativeness and sustainability, which are keywords for IBA Parkstad 2020.

IBA 2020 Parkstad exists out of five different themes (Fig. 61): collateral landscape, clever heritage, re-use, crafts & manufacturing, and activating the mental space. In Heerlen these five themes are translated into 5 different methods: programming & flexibility, green inner city, improvement of public structure, urban dynamics & young people, and north-south corridor. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 49 FIG. 59: JO COENEN, DIRECTOR OF IBA PARKSTAD 2020. FIG. 60: SKETCH OF COENEN ABOUT PARKSTAD.

FIG. 61: SCHEMATIC OVERVIEW OF THE CONTENTS IBA FIG. 62: SCHEMATIC OVERVIEW OF PARKSTAD. 2020 PARKSTAD. INTERVENTION GUIDELINES

Guidelines are created in order to improve the structure of the existing building block 8A based on the IBA themes. These guidelines have influence on both the building block scale and the cluster scale in order to improve the quality of life. 1. Involvement of the garden/park towards the cluster/building block. 2. Closing the gap in the building block.

1. Involvement of the garden/park towards the cluster/building block. Figures 63 and 64 show that the park/garden behind the monumental school of crafts and the high-rise office buildings of the ABP is semi-public and does not attract people from its surroundings. One of the five IBA Parkstad themes is collateral landscape that focusses on improvements of the structure, landscape, and connections. By involvement of the garden/park towards the building block another function will be created in this cluster as well more connections in and out of the cluster.

2. Closing the gap in the building block. In the state of the art in the Coriovallumstraat is a gap (Fig. 65) between different houses that is also anligned with one of the axis of the monumental school of crafts. Another method used by IBA 2020 is the Re-use method that exists out of re-use and sustainable (new) constructions. Therefore, to close this gap in building block a new sustainable building has to be designed. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 51 FIG. 63: BOUNDARY BETWEEN PARK/GARDEN AND THE FIG. 64: BOUNDARY BETWEEN THE PARK/GARDENS AND CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT. THE VALKENBURGERWEG.

FIG. 65: GAP IN BUILDING BLOCK IN THE FIG. 66: GARDEN OF THE MULTI FAMILY HOUSING ON THE CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT. OTHER SIDE OF THE GAP IN THE BUILDING BLOCK. INTERVENTION WIEL ARETS, THE IBA ARCHITECT

First the involvement of the garden/park towards the building block will be the improved. In both the Coriovallumstraat and the Valkenburgerweg the boundaries will be adapted. The reference of Wiel Arets Architects is irrelevant for this intervention.

The boundary in the Coriovallumstraat, with the barrier and gate, will be removed. The street will then flow into the park and gives a gradually transition.

Currently the boundary from Valkenburgerweg is a prominent brick wall with cast iron gates to close, both, the building block and the park/garden. This brick wall and gate can not be removed and has to be remained. However, this gate can and should be opened in order to attract people to access this park.

The involvement of the garden people will give a green area close to the city centre. In the current situation the nearest park is across the highway and that is situated to far to walk. The park is currently owned by the ABP, the office buildings of this company will not be accessible for the visitors of the park. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 53 FIG. 67: SKETCH OF THE INTERVENTION IN THE CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT.

FIG. 68: SKETCH OF THE INTERVENTION IN THE VALKENBURGERWEG. INTERVENTION WIEL ARETS, THE IBA ARCHITECT

The second intervention is closing the gap in the Coriovallumstraat. The V’House is used as reference to close the gap. This building is situated in Maastricht and has a facade made from glass. The use of glass gives the building both a soft and hard appearance. A soft appearance through its transparency and a hard appearance due to its reflections of the buildings across the street.

The Coriovallumstraat is a transition between the ‘modern’ part around the theatre and the ‘traditional’ area around the monumental school of crafts designed by Jan Stuyt. The right side of the Coriovallumstreet has multiple large and modern buildings, therefore, a long building with the same appearance as the V’House will suit in order to close the gap.

Furthermore, the gap is aligned with one of the axis of the school of crafts and, thus, will reflect the school of crafts in its facade. Also the building will reflect the traditional buildings situated on the other side of the street.

The new designed building will fill the vacant ground, and will not affect its surroundings, such as the plots and the common garden of the multi-family houses. 3. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 55 FIG. 69: REFERENCE V’HOUSE OF WIEL ARETS FIG. 70: AERIAL OF THE SECOND INTERVENTION

FIG. 71: SKETCH OF THE INTERVENTION IN THE CORIOVALLUMSTRAAT. BIBLIOGRAPHY FIGURES

Figure 1, 2, 20, 21, 27-39, 52, and 70: Self made sketchup models.

Figure 3-10, 40-43, and 63-66: Google Maps. (http://www.google.nl/maps)

Figure 11: Heemkunde vereniging Heerlen stad. (http://heemkundeverenigingheerlenstad.nl/algemeen/aspecten-uit-de-geschiedenis- van-heerlen/)

Figure 12-19 and 44-51: Archieven.nl (Beeldbank Rijckheyt). (http://www.archieven.nl/nl/zoeken?mivast=0&mizig=95&miadt=62&milang=nl&mizk_ alle=rijckheyt&miview=ldt)

Figure 22-26: Self made photos on 11 september 2015.

Figure 53-58 and 69: Wiel Arets Architects. (http://www.wielaretsarchitects.com)

Figure 59: Delft Integraal. (http://delftintegraal.tudelft.nl/article/een-gevecht-ook-met-mezelf/)

Figure 60-62: Handboek IBA Parkstad Limburg 2015. (IBA Handboek 2015.pdf on oase.tue.nl)

Figure 67-68 and 71: Self made hand drawings. 4. 7X600 | STRATEGIES AND PLACES | 57 BIBLIOGRAPHY LITERATURE

Bosman, A.H.J. (2016). Lectures Strategies and Places (7X600).

Coenen, J. et al (2015). Handboek IBA Parkstad Limburg 2015.

Panerai, P. et al (1997). Urban Forms, The death and life of the urban block.