OAK AMBROSIA BEETLE Platypus Quercivorus

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

OAK AMBROSIA BEETLE Platypus Quercivorus

Rhode Island Department of Environmental Management/Division of Agriculture Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) OAK AMBROSIA BEETLE Platypus quercivorus The Oak Ambrosia Beetle is capable of causing extensive tree mortality in oak forests dominated by Quercus. This could result in major environmental impacts such as loss of biodiversity, changes in species composition of forests, reduced acorn crops and resultant adverse impacts on wildlife species that depend on acorns as a food source. University of Tennesee – Inst. Of Ag. Identifying Features: Adults of the genus Platypus are reddish brown to dark brown in color with a cylindrical, elongated body that averages 5 mm long. These insects have a concave declivity armed with spines. The front Perdue Unversity (prothoracic) legs are adapted for excavation. Larvae are variable in size, ranging from 2-6mm when matures. External symptoms include large amounts of splinter-like boring dust at the base of infested oaks as well as late summer wilting. Damage: Platypus quercivorus has a wide host range. It attacks many species of the family Fagaceae (Mainly oaks), but is also known to attack spicebush, Prunus sp., and Cryptomeria. Oaks are commercially important for lumber and products such as furniture, cabinets, flooring and cooperage. In addition oaks are important ornamental and street trees in many North American communities. The Oak Ambrosia Beetle could cause significant loss of wood quality. Information Sources USDA Forest Service Oak Ambrosia Beetle, University of Tennesee. <http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu/invasive-species-site/oak_ambrosia_beetle.shtml> Platypus quercivorus, Forest Health Management International <http://spfnic.fs.fed.us/exfor/data/pestreports.cfm?pestidval=166&langdisplay=english> Image Sources Oak Ambrosia Beetle, University of Tennesee. http://eppserver.ag.utk.edu/invasive-species-site/oak_ambrosia_beetle.shtml Oak Ambrosia Beetle,Perdue University. http://pest.ceris.purdue.edu/pest.php?code=INBNQEA Platypus sp., USDA Forest Service http://www.forestryimages.org/browse/detail.cfm?imgnum=0284055 This fact sheet was made possible, in part, by a Cooperative Agreement from the United States Department of Agriculture’s Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service.

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth Northwest Forests'
AMER. ZOOL., 33:578-587 (1993) Arthropod Diversity and Conservation in Old-Growth mon et al., 1990; Hz Northwest Forests complex litter layer 1973; Lattin, 1990; JOHN D. LATTIN and other features Systematic Entomology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Oregon State University, tural diversity of th Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2907 is reflected by the 14 found there (Lawtt SYNOPSIS. Old-growth forests of the Pacific Northwest extend along the 1990; Parsons et a. e coastal region from southern Alaska to northern California and are com- While these old posed largely of conifer rather than hardwood tree species. Many of these ity over time and trees achieve great age (500-1,000 yr). Natural succession that follows product of sever: forest stand destruction normally takes over 100 years to reach the young through successioi mature forest stage. This succession may continue on into old-growth for (Lattin, 1990). Fire centuries. The changing structural complexity of the forest over time, and diseases, are combined with the many different plant species that characterize succes- bances. The prolot sion, results in an array of arthropod habitats. It is estimated that 6,000 a continually char arthropod species may be found in such forests—over 3,400 different ments and habitat species are known from a single 6,400 ha site in Oregon. Our knowledge (Southwood, 1977 of these species is still rudimentary and much additional work is needed Lawton, 1983). throughout this vast region. Many of these species play critical roles in arthropods have lx the dynamics of forest ecosystems. They are important in nutrient cycling, old-growth site, tt as herbivores, as natural predators and parasites of other arthropod spe- mental Forest (HJ cies.
[Show full text]
MYCOTAXON Volume 104, Pp
MYCOTAXON Volume 104, pp. 399–404 April–June 2008 Raffaelea lauricola, a new ambrosia beetle symbiont and pathogen on the Lauraceae T. C. Harrington1*, S. W. Fraedrich2 & D. N. Aghayeva3 *[email protected] 1Department of Plant Pathology, Iowa State University 351 Bessey Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA 2Southern Research Station, USDA Forest Service Athens, GA 30602, USA 3Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences Patamdar 40, Baku AZ1073, Azerbaijan Abstract — An undescribed species of Raffaelea earlier was shown to be the cause of a vascular wilt disease known as laurel wilt, a severe disease on redbay (Persea borbonia) and other members of the Lauraceae in the Atlantic coastal plains of the southeastern USA. The pathogen is likely native to Asia and probably was introduced to the USA in the mycangia of the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus. Analyses of rDNA sequences indicate that the pathogen is most closely related to other ambrosia beetle symbionts in the monophyletic genus Raffaelea in the Ophiostomatales. The asexual genus Raffaelea includes Ophiostoma-like symbionts of xylem-feeding ambrosia beetles, and the laurel wilt pathogen is named R. lauricola sp. nov. Key words — Ambrosiella, Coleoptera, Scolytidae Introduction A new vascular wilt pathogen has caused substantial mortality of redbay [Persea borbonia (L.) Spreng.] and other members of the Lauraceae in the coastal plains of South Carolina, Georgia, and northeastern Florida since 2003 (Fraedrich et al. 2008). The fungus apparently was introduced to the Savannah, Georgia, area on solid wood packing material along with the exotic redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), a native of southern Asia (Fraedrich et al.
[Show full text]
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41 (1): 123–128 (2006)
Appl. Entomol. Zool. 41 (1): 123–128 (2006) http://odokon.ac.affrc.go.jp/ Death of Quercus crispula by inoculation with adult Platypus quercivorus (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) Haruo KINUURA1,* and Masahide KOBAYASHI2 1 Kansai Research Center, Forestry and Forest Products Research Institute; Kyoto 612–0855, Japan 2 Kyoto Prefectural Forestry Experimental Station; Kyoto 629–1121, Japan (Received 10 December 2004; Accepted 27 October 2005) Abstract Adult Platypus quercivorus beetles were artificially inoculated into Japanese oak trees (Quercus crispula). Two inocu- lation methods were used: uniform inoculation through pipette tips, and random inoculation by release into netting. Four of the five trees that were inoculated uniformly died, as did all five trees that were inoculated at random. Seven of the nine dead trees showed the same wilting symptoms seen in the current mass mortality of oak trees. Raffaelea quercivora, which has been confirmed to be the pathogenic fungus that causes wilt disease and is usually isolated from the mycangia of P. quercivorus, was isolated from all of the inoculated dying trees. Trees that died faster showed a higher density of beetle galleries that succeeded in producing offspring. We found positive relationships between the density of beetle galleries that succeeded in producing offspring and the rate of discoloration in the sapwood and the isolation rate of R. quercivora. Therefore, we clearly demonstrated that P. quercivorus is a vector of R. quercivora, and that the mass mortality of Japanese oak trees is caused by mass attacks of P. quercivorus. Key words: Mass mortality; oak; pathogenic fungi; Raffaelea quercivora; vector An inoculation test on some smaller trees in the INTRODUCTION nursery with this fungus, which was later described In Japan, the mass mortality of oak trees (Quer- as Raffaelea quercivora Kubono et Shin.
[Show full text]
Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758–1900)
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 583: 1–776 (2016) Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758–1900) ... 1 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.583.7084 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758–1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes Yves Bousquet1 1 Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada Corresponding author: Yves Bousquet ([email protected]) Academic editor: Lyubomir Penev | Received 4 November 2015 | Accepted 18 February 2016 | Published 25 April 2016 http://zoobank.org/01952FA9-A049-4F77-B8C6-C772370C5083 Citation: Bousquet Y (2016) Litteratura Coleopterologica (1758–1900): a guide to selected books related to the taxonomy of Coleoptera with publication dates and notes. ZooKeys 583: 1–776. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.583.7084 Abstract Bibliographic references to works pertaining to the taxonomy of Coleoptera published between 1758 and 1900 in the non-periodical literature are listed. Each reference includes the full name of the author, the year or range of years of the publication, the title in full, the publisher and place of publication, the pagination with the number of plates, and the size of the work. This information is followed by the date of publication found in the work itself, the dates found from external sources, and the libraries consulted for the work. Overall, more than 990 works published by 622 primary authors are listed. For each of these authors, a biographic notice (if information was available) is given along with the references consulted. Keywords Coleoptera, beetles, literature, dates of publication, biographies Copyright Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada.
[Show full text]
Report of a Pest Risk Analysis for Platypus Parallelus (Fabricus, 1801) for Turkey
Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin (2015) 45 (1), 112–118 ISSN 0250-8052. DOI: 10.1111/epp.12190 Report of a pest risk analysis for Platypus parallelus (Fabricus, 1801) for Turkey E. M.Gum€ us€ß and A. Ergun€ Izmir_ Agricultural Quarantine Directorate, PO 35230, Konak, Izmir,_ Turkey; e-mail: [email protected] Invasive bark and ambrosia beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are increasingly responsible for damage to forests, plantations and orchards worldwide. They are usually closely associated with fungi, which may be pathogenic causing tree mortal- ity. Stressed or weakened trees are particularly subject to attack, as is recently felled, non-treated wood. This PRA report concerns the ambrosia beetle Platypus parallelus (Euplatypus parallelus, Fabricus, 1801) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), which was detected in ofﬁcial controls. The PRA area is Turkey. P. parallelus is not on the A1 or A2 list for Turkey but the Regulation on Plant Quarantine (3 December 2011-OJ no: 28131) Article 13 (5) indicates that pests which are assessed to pose a risk for Turkey following PRA that are not present in the above lists and plants, wood, plant products and other mate- rials contaminated by these organisms are banned from entry into Turkey. This risk assessment follows the EPPO Standard PM 5/3(5) Decision-support scheme for quarantine pests and uses the terminology deﬁned in ISPM 5 Glossary of Phytosanitary Terms. This paper addresses the possible risk factors caused by Platypus parallelus (Euplatypus parallelus, Fabricus, 1801) in Turkey. Terms (available at https://www.ippc.int/index.php). The Introduction PRA area is Turkey.
[Show full text]
Australia's Biodiversity and Climate Change
Australia’s Biodiversity and Climate Change A strategic assessment of the vulnerability of Australia’s biodiversity to climate change A report to the Natural Resource Management Ministerial Council commissioned by the Australian Government. Prepared by the Biodiversity and Climate Change Expert Advisory Group: Will Steffen, Andrew A Burbidge, Lesley Hughes, Roger Kitching, David Lindenmayer, Warren Musgrave, Mark Stafford Smith and Patricia A Werner © Commonwealth of Australia 2009 ISBN 978-1-921298-67-7 Published in pre-publication form as a non-printable PDF at www.climatechange.gov.au by the Department of Climate Change. It will be published in hard copy by CSIRO publishing. For more information please email [email protected] This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the: Commonwealth Copyright Administration Attorney-General's Department 3-5 National Circuit BARTON ACT 2600 Email: [email protected] Or online at: http://www.ag.gov.au Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the Australian Government or the Minister for Climate Change and Water and the Minister for the Environment, Heritage and the Arts. Citation The book should be cited as: Steffen W, Burbidge AA, Hughes L, Kitching R, Lindenmayer D, Musgrave W, Stafford Smith M and Werner PA (2009) Australia’s biodiversity and climate change: a strategic assessment of the vulnerability of Australia’s biodiversity to climate change.
[Show full text]
Screening Aid Platypus Quercivorus (Murayama), Megaplatypus Mutatus (Chapuis)
Ambrosia Beetles Screening Aid Platypus quercivorus (Murayama), Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis) Joseph Benzel 1) Identification Technology Program (ITP) / Colorado State University, USDA-APHIS-PPQ-Science & Technology (S&T), 2301 Research Boulevard, Suite 108, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526 U.S.A. (Email: [email protected]) This CAPS (Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey) screening aid produced for and distributed by: Version 5 USDA-APHIS-PPQ National Identification Services (NIS) 30 June 2015 This and other identification resources are available at: http://caps.ceris.purdue.edu/taxonomic_services The ambrosia beetles (Platypodinae) (Fig. 1) are an enigmatic group of bark beetles native to the tropical regions of the world. Within this group two species are considered potentially invasive pests: Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) and Megaplatypus mutatus (Chapuis). Platypus quercivorus feeds primarily on oaks (Quercus) and other broad leaf trees and spreads the ambrosia fungus Raffaelea quercivora which may be the agent of Japanese oak disease. Megaplatypus mutatus primarily attacks walnut (Juglans), poplar (Populus), and apple (Malus) trees but will infest a variety of other broadleaf trees. It does little direct damage to the tree, but its boring can reduce the tree’s structural integrity and discoloration caused by symbiotic fungi reduce wood quality (Figs. 2-3). Platypodinae is currently considered a subfamily of Curculionidae which Fig. 1: Platypus sp. on tree (photo by, is comprised of weevils and bark beetles. Members of this family are Andrea Battisti, Universita di Padova, highly variable but almost all species share a distinct club on the end Bugwood.org). of their antennae consisting of three segments. In general, members of Platypodinae are small (<10mm long) elongate beetles of a reddish brown or black color.
[Show full text]
Invasive Forest Pests – What Risk to the UK?
Invasive forest pests – what risk to the UK? Daegan Inward Invasive species can be very economically and environmentally damaging: - Predate, compete or hybridise with native species - Influence loss of native species & ecosystem services - Most serious pests and diseases of trees and forests are non-native Invasive tree pathogens in the UK: Dothistroma needle blight Ash dieback Dutch elm disease Phytophthora ramorum 2 21/04/2020 Some ‘high profile’ invasive forest pests in the UK: Horse chestnut leaf miner 5mm Oak processionary moth 3 21/04/2020 Asian Longhorn beetle (ALB) •ALB is native to E. Asia, and feeds within a variety of broadleaf trees. It has become a pest across Europe and N. America • In 2009 a live adult ALB was found by a local resident at Paddock Wood, Kent. • Inspection of the area located a suspected source: a premises importing stone from China. 4 21/04/2020 ALB Eradication actions, 2013 -Initial rapid ground survey; felling & detailed inspection. -All potential host trees within 100m of an infested tree felled, inspected & destroyed on-site. -All broad-leaf trees within 500m radius inspected from ground, repeated over next 3-4yrs. Final Tally: 2166 trees felled (incl. 627 from private gardens) 66 infested trees (10 different tree species) ALB declared eradicated in 2018 – the ecology of the species made it possible in this case (extended life cycle in UK) 5 21/04/2020 Scolytinae: Bark & ambrosia beetles Majority are ‘decomposers’. Include some of most significant temperate forest pests Some with capacity to kill mature trees Key biosecurity threat, easily transported Increased risk under CC due to increased frequency of drought stress US has 58 exotic Scolytinae established Europe has >20 established Scolytinae Until recently, the UK recorded only 1 (Dendroctonus micans) > 30% of Coleoptera interceptions in the UK are Scolytinae 6 21/04/2020 Mechanisms of spread Eric Allen, Canada 7 21/04/2020 Bark vs ambrosia beetles Most Scolytinae have a symbiotic relationship with fungi; may be actively or passively vectored.
[Show full text]
Studies of Ambrosia Beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in Their Native Ranges Help Predict Invasion Impact
Studies of ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in their native ranges help predict invasion impact Jiri Hulcr1,*, Adam Black2, Kirsten Prior3, Chi-Yu Chen4, and Hou-Feng Li4 Abstract Ambrosia beetles frequently invade non-native regions but are typically of no concern because most species live in dead trees and culture non- pathogenic symbiotic fungal gardens. Recently, however, several ambrosia beetle–fungus complexes have invaded non-native regions and killed large numbers of host trees. Such tree-killing invasions have occurred unexpectedly, and the mechanism of the ecological switch from dead trees to live trees has been left unexplained, or termed an “evolutionary mismatch.” We demonstrate that the mismatch hypothesis is not supported in the redbay ambrosia beetle, Xyleborus glabratus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), because this beetle is able to colonize live trees also in its native range and its symbiotic fungus acts as a pathogen in some native hosts. We further synthesized findings from recent literature and unpublished observations on several other invasive fungus-associated beetles such as Euwallacea fornicatus (Eggers) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Platypus quercivorus Mu- rayama (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), and Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to present an alternative to the “evolutionary mismatch” hypothesis. The revised hypothesis is that the majority of destructive ambrosia beetle species that have invaded new regions are already capable of colonizing living tree tissues in their native habitats. Furthermore, associated fungi are typically mildly to strongly pathogenic to native host tree species. A predisposition to colonize living tree tissues occurs in very few ambrosia beetle species, but these species predictably act as pests in invaded regions.
[Show full text]
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring Within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘I: Synthesis Report
Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Prepared by Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Surveying for Terrestrial Arthropods (Insects and Relatives) Occurring within the Kahului Airport Environs, Maui, Hawai‘i: Synthesis Report Francis G. Howarth, David J. Preston, and Richard Pyle Hawaii Biological Survey Bishop Museum Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96817 USA Prepared for EKNA Services Inc. 615 Pi‘ikoi Street, Suite 300 Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96814 and State of Hawaii, Department of Transportation, Airports Division Bishop Museum Technical Report 58 Honolulu, Hawaii January 2012 Bishop Museum Press 1525 Bernice Street Honolulu, Hawai‘i Copyright 2012 Bishop Museum All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of America ISSN 1085-455X Contribution No. 2012 001 to the Hawaii Biological Survey COVER Adult male Hawaiian long-horned wood-borer, Plagithmysus kahului, on its host plant Chenopodium oahuense. This species is endemic to lowland Maui and was discovered during the arthropod surveys. Photograph by Forest and Kim Starr, Makawao, Maui. Used with permission. Hawaii Biological Report on Monitoring Arthropods within Kahului Airport Environs, Synthesis TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents …………….......................................................……………...........……………..…..….i. Executive Summary …….....................................................…………………...........……………..…..….1 Introduction ..................................................................………………………...........……………..…..….4
[Show full text]
Title Ecological Studies on Dispersal Flight and Host Selection of The
Ecological studies on dispersal flight and host selection of the Title ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Murayama)( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Pham, Duy Long Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2020-09-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k22787 許諾条件により本文は2021-04-01に公開; Pham DL, Ito Y, Okada R, Ikeno H, Isagi Y, Yamasaki M (2017) Phototactic behavior of the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae) before and after flight. Journal of Insect Behavior 30(3): 318-330. doi: Right 10.1007/s10905-017-9615-3. Pham DL, Ito Y, Okada R, Ikeno H, Isagi Y, Yamasaki M (2019) Effects of leaf conditions and flight activity on the behaviour of Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) (Coleoptera: Platypodidae). Journal of Applied Entomology 143(9): 1000-1010. doi: 10.1111/jen.12671 Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University Ecological studies on dispersal flight and host selection of the ambrosia beetle Platypus quercivorus (Murayama) Pham Duy Long 2020 Table of contents Chapter 1: General introduction: Dispersal flight and host selection of bark and ambrosia beetles ........................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 2: Factors affecting flight distance of Platypus quercivorus ............................ 19 Chapter 3: Effects of flight on phototactic behavior of Platypus quercivorus .............. 35 Chapter 4: Effects of leaf conditions on the olfactory response of Platypus quercivorus to leaf volatiles ...........................................................................................................
[Show full text]
Raffaelea Quercivora
Raffaelea quercivora Scientific Name Raffaelea quercivora Kubono and Shin. Ito, 2002 Synonyms: none known Common Names Japanese oak wilt JOW Japanese oak disease fungus Type of Pest Fungus Figure 1. Raffaelea quercivora infestation in an oak forest. Troy Kimoto, CFIA, Bugwood.org. Taxonomic Position Class: Sordariomycetes Order: Ophiostomatales Family: Ophiostomataceae Reason for inclusion in manual CAPS Pest of Economic and Environmental Importance CAPS Oak commodity survey list Pest Description On the outside of host trees, there is little visible sign of Raffaelea quercivora. Symptoms of leaf discoloration and wilting are visible on infected hosts (Kuroda, 2001), but these may be caused by other wilt pathogens. Raffaelea quercivora can be seen in cross-sections of symptomatic trees as a brown to black discoloration and small white pustules originating by the tunnels formed by its vector, Platypus quercivorus (Fig. 2) (Batra, 1967a). Figure 2. Sporodochia (small white pustules) growing on a cross section of a maple. Reproduced from Batra (1967a) with permission from Mycologia. ©The Mycological Society of America. 1 Last Update: September 28, 2018 Identification of R. quercivora requires isolation of the pathogen from host material and growth in culture for morphological identification. Colonies produced on potato dextrose agar (PDA) at 20-25°C (68-77°F) spread rapidly and can reach 80 mm (~3 1/8 in) diameter in five days. The colony itself initially has a white, water- soaked appearance that shifts to a pale olive to brown-olive color after two weeks, taking on a Figure 3: Left: Raffaelea quercivora hyphae invading fragrant odor reminiscent of ethyl living host cells (radial section).
[Show full text]