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Intellectual Property and Development in Wipo

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Intellectual Property and Development in Wipo 1 Research Papers Research Paper 95 July 2019 MAINSTREAMING OR DILUTION? INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT IN WIPO Nirmalya Syam RESEARCH PAPERS 95 MAINSTREAMING OR DILUTION? INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AND DEVELOPMENT IN WIPO Nirmalya Syam* SOUTH CENTRE JULY 2019 * Nirmalya Syam is Senior Programme Officer of the Development, Innovation and Intellectual Property Programme (DIIP) ([email protected]) of the South Centre. The author is grateful to Ambassador K. Nandini Singla and Mr. Erry Prasetyo for their insightful comments. The author takes full responsibility for all the data, analysis and views contained in this paper. THE SOUTH CENTRE In August 1995 the South Centre was established as a permanent inter- governmental organization of developing countries. In pursuing its objectives of promoting South solidarity, South-South cooperation, and coordinated participation by developing countries in international forums, the South Centre has full intellectual independence. It prepares, publishes and distributes information, strategic analyses and recommendations on international economic, social and political matters of concern to the South. The South Centre enjoys support and cooperation from the governments of the countries of the South and is in regular working contact with the Non-Aligned Movement and the Group of 77 and China. The Centre’s studies and position papers are prepared by drawing on the technical and intellectual capacities existing within South governments and institutions and among individuals of the South. Through working group sessions and wide consultations, which involve experts from different parts of the South, and sometimes from the North, common problems of the South are studied and experience and knowledge are shared. NOTE Readers are encouraged to quote or reproduce the contents of this Research Paper for their own use, but are requested to grant due acknowledgement to the South Centre and to send a copy of the publication in which such quote or reproduction appears to the South Centre. The views contained in this paper are attributable to the author/s and do not represent the institutional views of the South Centre or its Member States. Any mistake or omission in this study is the sole responsibility of the author/s. Any comments on this paper or the content of this paper will be highly appreciated. Please contact: South Centre Ch. du Champ d’Anier 17 POB 228, 1211 Geneva 19 Switzerland Tel. (41) 022 791 80 50 Fax (41) 022 798 85 31 [email protected] www.southcentre.int Follow the South Centre’s Twitter: South_Centre ABSTRACT In 2007 Member States of the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) unanimously adopted a set of 45 recommendations which constitute the WIPO Development Agenda. Developing countries sought to give new direction to WIPO through the Development Agenda, away from the pursuit of facilitating and strengthening protection, acquisition and enforcement of intellectual property (IP) rights as an end in itself towards an approach that would be sensitive to the impact of IP on development, both in terms of opportunities as well as costs. This paper explores whether development considerations have been adequately addressed by WIPO since its creation as the United International Bureau for the Protection of Intellectual Property (BIRPI) in the nineteenth century. The paper also analyses whether the implementation of the WIPO Development Agenda adopted in 2007 has shaped the current vision of the WIPO Secretariat and its Member States to address the impact of IP on development; and whether implementation of the Development Agenda has facilitated the use of IP law and policy as a tool that responds to advancing innovation, industrial, health, agricultural, education and other development policies in developing countries. The paper finds that the approach towards IP in WIPO continues to be dominated by a perspective that pursues acquisition, protection, management and enforcement of IP rights as an end in itself. Conflicting interpretations of development orientation have adversely impacted the implementation of the Development Agenda in the spirit in which the developing countries had proposed the Development Agenda. The paper recommends developing countries to undertake cross regional coordination to enhance their level of engagement on IP and development, advance specific suggestions for achieving greater impact on addressing development challenges through specific activities including projects in the areas of technical assistance as well as norm-setting, pursue governance reforms in WIPO to ensure greater representation of developing countries in the decision making bodies of WIPO and in the staff composition of the WIPO Secretariat, amend the WIPO Convention to align its mandate on IP promotion to the development needs and challenges of its Member States and the development goals of the United Nations (UN), and also pursue a review of the relationship between the UN and WIPO as a UN specialized agency in the UN Economic and Social Council. En 2007, les États membres de l'Organisation mondiale de la propriété intellectuelle (OMPI) ont adopté à l'unanimité une série de 45 recommandations qui forment le Plan d’action de l’OMPI pour le développement. Les pays en développement ont cherché, au travers de ce Plan d’action, à donner une nouvelle orientation à l'Organisation en remettant en cause l’idée que l’établissement de règles visant à faciliter et à renforcer la protection, l'acquisition et le respect des droits de propriété intellectuelle constitue une fin en soi, pour adopter une approche qui tienne davantage compte des répercussions des principes qui régissent la propriété intellectuelle sur le développement, aussi bien en termes d’opportunités que de coûts. Le présent document s’interroge sur la place des considérations relatives au développement au sein des discussions qui ont lieu à l’OMPI depuis sa création au XIXe siècle sous l’appellation de Bureaux Internationaux réunis pour la protection de la propriété intellectuelle (BIRPI). Il tente de déterminer si la mise en œuvre du Plan d'action de l'OMPI pour le développement adopté en 2007 a eu une incidence sur la vision actuelle du Secrétariat de l'OMPI et de ses États membres en ce qui concerne l’impact des règles en matière de propriété intellectuelle sur le développement, et si la mise en œuvre du Plan a favorisé l'utilisation des lois et politiques relatives à la propriété intellectuelle en tant qu’outil permettant d’encourager les innovations, les politiques industrielles, sanitaires, agricoles, éducatives et autres dans les pays en développement. Il fait le constat que l’OMPI continue de considérer la propriété intellectuelle uniquement du point de vue de l'acquisition, de la protection, de la gestion et de la mise en œuvre des droits de propriété intellectuelle. Des interprétations contradictoires sur les orientations à suivre en matière de développement ont eu des répercussions négatives sur la mise en œuvre du Plan d'action et remis en cause l'esprit dans lequel il avait conçu par les pays en développement. Le document recommande aux pays en développement de collaborer sur le plan régional afin de renforcer leur participation dans les discussions sur les aspects de la propriété intellectuelle liés au développement, de proposer des solutions concrètes permettant de renforcer l’impact des mesures prises pour faire face aux défis en matière de développement, sous la forme d’activités spécifiques telles que la mise en œuvre de projets dans les domaines de l'assistance technique et l'établissement de normes, de poursuivre les réformes en matière de gouvernance au sein de l'OMPI afin d'assurer une plus grande représentation des pays en développement dans les organes de décision et au Secrétariat, de promouvoir une modification de la Convention de l'OMPI afin d’inclure dans son mandat les questions liées au développement et ainsi répondre aux besoins et défis auxquels sont confrontés ses États membres et aux objectifs des Nations Unies en matière de développement, et de réformer les liens entre les Nations Unies et l’OMPI en tant qu’institution spécialisée des Nations Unies au sein du Conseil économique et social. En 2007, los Estados miembros de la Organización Mundial de la Propiedad Intelectual (OMPI) adoptaron por unanimidad un conjunto de 45 recomendaciones que constituyen la Agenda para el Desarrollo de la OMPI. A través de la Agenda para el Desarrollo, los países en desarrollo trataron de dar un nuevo rumbo a la OMPI, alejándose del empeño por facilitar y fortalecer la protección, la adquisición y el cumplimiento de los derechos de propiedad intelectual (PI) como un fin en sí mismo para avanzar hacia un enfoque sensible a la influencia de la PI en el desarrollo, tanto en términos de oportunidades como de costos. Este documento analiza si la OMPI ha abordado de manera adecuada las consideraciones relativas al desarrollo desde su creación como las Oficinas Internacionales Reunidas para la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual (BIRPI) en el siglo XIX. Asimismo, el documento examina si la aplicación de la Agenda para el Desarrollo de la OMPI, adoptada en 2007, ha configurado la visión actual de la secretaría de la OMPI y de sus Estados miembros para hacer frente a las consecuencias de la PI en el desarrollo; y si la aplicación de la Agenda para el Desarrollo ha facilitado el uso de la legislación y las políticas sobre PI como una herramienta que responde al fomento de la innovación, la industria, la sanidad, la agricultura, la educación y otras políticas de desarrollo en los países en desarrollo. El documento concluye que el enfoque de la PI en la OMPI sigue estando dominado por una perspectiva que tiene como principal prioridad la adquisición, la protección, la gestión y el cumplimiento de los derechos de PI como un fin en sí mismo. Las interpretaciones contradictorias de la orientación al desarrollo han repercutido negativamente en la aplicación de la Agenda para el Desarrollo en el espíritu en el que los países en desarrollo la habían concebido.
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