World Intellectual Property Organisation 1359

Chapter XV World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

During 1985, membership of the World Intellec- At the sixteenth series of meetings, held at tual Property Organization (WIPO) increased to Geneva in September/October 1985, the govern- 112 with the admission of Angola (15 April), ing bodies of WIPO and the Unions administered Nicaragua (5 May) and Bangladesh (11 May). The by it approved reports on activities and the pro- number of States party to the Paris Convention gramme and budget for 1986-1987. for the Protection of Industrial Property rose to The WIPO General Assembly unanimously ap- 97 with the admission of Mongolia. The number pointed Arpad Bogsch as the Director General of of States party to the Berne Convention for the WIPO for a further period of six years. Protection of Literary and Artistic Works re- mained at 76. Barbados became party to the Nice Activities in 1985 Agreement concerning the International Classification of Goods and Services for the Pur- Development co-operation activities poses of the Registration of Marks, raising During 1985, WIPO co-operated with most membership of the Nice Union to 33. Barbados developing countries and with intergovernmental and deposited their instruments of accession organizations in their development projects to the Patent Co-operation Treaty (PCT), bring- relating to intellectual property, by providing ing PCT Union membership to 39. At the end of assistance in the preparation of legislation, or the year, total membership in WIPO and its various establishment or modernization of national or Unions, taken together, was 127. regional institutions, including patent documen- Seventeen intergovernmental Unions in the two tation and information services. main fields of intellectual property were ad- Two WIPO permanent programmes, supervised ministered by WIPO in 1985. They were founded by intergovernmental permanent committees, pro- on the multilateral treaties, conventions and vided the framework for development co-operation agreements listed below in order of adoption: relating to industrial property and to copyright and neighbouring rights. Industrial property: Paris Convention for the Protec- Regarding industrial property, WIPO organized tion of Industrial Property; Madrid Agreement for the a workshop on patents in the service of develop- Repression of False or Deceptive Indications of Source on Goods; Madrid Agreement concerning the Inter- ment (Harare, Zimbabwe), a high-level policy national Registration of Marks; The Hague Agreement planning meeting on industrial property in Africa concerning the International Deposit of Industrial (Lomé, Togo), a national industrial property Designs; Nice Agreement concerning the International seminar (Baghdad, Iraq), a high-level workshop Classification of Goods and Services for the Purposes on industrial property in the Arab countries of the Registration of Marks; Lisbon Agreement for (Geneva), a regional workshop on invention de- the Protection of Appellations of Origin and Their velopment and innovation (Manila, Philippines), International Registration; Locarno Agreement a regional workshop on licensing and other in- establishing an International Classification for Industrial dustrial property transfer arrangements (Bombay, Designs; Patent Co-operation Treaty; Strasbourg Agree- ment concerning the International Patent Cl&s&a- India), an interregional seminar on industrial tion (IPC); Trademark Registration Treaty; Vienna strategy and the patent system (Seoul, Republic Agreement establishing an International Classification of Korea), a high-level meeting of government of- of the Figurative Elements of Marks; Budapest Treaty ficials of South pacific countries to consider co- on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Micro- operation in industrial property (Suva, Fiji), a organisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure; Nairobi meeting for the English-speaking Caribbean coun- Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol. tries, Haiti and Suriname to consider co-operation Copyright and neighbouring rights: Berne Convention in industrial property (Bridgetown, Barbados), a for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works; Rome workshop on classification, search and examina- Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers tion of patent applications in chemistry for the An- of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations; Geneva Convention for the Protection of Producers dean countries (Caracas, Venezuela), an Ibero- of Phonograms against Unauthorized Duplication of American meeting on the establishment of an Their Phonograms; Brussels Convention relating to international patent documentation centre in the the Distribution of Programme-Carrying Signals Spanish language (Madrid, Spain), a meeting of Transmitted by Satellite. vice-ministers and a meeting of heads of industrial 1360 Intergovernmental organizations

property offices of the Central American isthmus Another expert committee met at Geneva in countries (Guatemala City) and a symposium on February and December to advise on proposals industrial property for judges of the same coun- contained in a memorandum drawn up by the tries (San José, Costa Rica), a national workshop International Bureau-the WIPO secretariat-on on patent documents as a source of technological a possible treaty on the international registration information (Havana and Cienfuegos, Cuba), and of marks. The memorandum highlighted the a meeting of directors of industrial property offices limited territorial scope of the Madrid Agreement of Argentina, Chile, Paraguay and Uruguay (Asun- on the subject, the reasons for its lack of attrac- cion, Paraguay). tiveness for member States of the Paris Union not Medals and prizes for inventors and promoters party to the Agreement, and the need to seek solu- of innovation were awarded by WIPO at national tions acceptable to the greatest number of coun- and international exhibitions or contests and special tries and to devise a simple, inexpensive system ceremonies held in Belgium, Bulgaria, China, India, for users. The memorandum also set out likely dif- the Ivory Coast, Japan, Paraguay, the Philippines, ferences between the Madrid Agreement and a the Republic of Korea, , Uruguay, the new treaty which would coexist with it. It was USSR and Zaire. decided that the International Bureau would draw Continuing a programme started in 1975, 410 up a detailed outline of a new treaty and would state-of-the-art search reports on technology disclosed study its financial aspects and links with regional in patent documents and related literature were pro- systems. vided to developing countries free of charge under The Bureau published the text of the first ver- agreements concluded between WIPO and con- sion of a draft treaty on protecting intellectual pro- tributing industrial property offices in developed perty in respect of integrated circuits (popularly countries. Most of the reports were prepared by the called “microchips”). It also published Industrial patent offices of Australia, Austria, Finland, the Ger- Property Protection of Biotechnological Inventions which man Democratic Republic, the Federal Republic analysed several related basic issues. of Germany, Japan, Sweden and the USSR. Work continued on updating IPC and other Development co-operation activities in copyright classifications concerning industrial designs or and neighbouring rights included training courses registration of trade and service marks. at Brasilia, Brazil, and Nanjing, China; a seminar During 1985, 7,305 international applications for Central American and Caribbean States, at Mex- were filed under PCT in 28 receiving offices. The ico City, and seminars at Cairo, , and Cotonou, PCT Gazette was published fortnightly and special Benin; and a workshop at Zomba, Malawi. issues were put out in March and December to WIPO training programmes continued to grow, consolidate general information. The total number with 239 fellowships granted in 1985 to nationals of registrations of marks under the Madrid Agree- of 83 developing countries in industrial property ment was 8,961. To that figure should be added and 60 fellowships to nationals from 48 develop- 4,736 renewals under the Agreement’s Nice and ing countries in copyright, in addition to individuals Stockholm Acts. Registrations and renewals recommended by various organizations. In the in- therefore totalled 13,697, compared to 13,043 in dustrial property sector, 22 countries-including 1984. The total number of changes recorded in the seven developing countries-three intergovernmental International Register of Marks was 15,610, as organizations and two non-governmental organiza- compared with 17,501 in 1984. tions provided individual and group training. Con- cerning copyright, 12 countries (seven developing) Copyright and neighbouring rights and one national organization provided such Activities in copyright and neighbouring rights training. included the convening, jointly with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Industrial property Organization, of a group of experts on the The first consultative meeting on the revision of copyright aspects of protecting computer software the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial (Geneva, February/March), an expert group on Property took place at Geneva in June 1985, to revise the copyright aspects of direct broadcasting by the Convention by introducing new provisions and satellite (Paris, March), and a committee of changing existing ones to meet the needs of develop- governmental experts on model provisions for na- ing countries more effectively. The proposed changes tional laws on publishing contracts for literary included giving full recognition to inventors’ cer- works (Paris, December). Two other meetings were tificates, a form of protection existing in several held in Paris-the Executive Committee of the socialist countries. Berne Union and the Intergovernmental Commit- At Geneva in July, an expert committee discussed tee of the International Convention for the Pro- harmonizing certain provisions in laws to protect tection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms inventions. and Broadcasting Organizations. World Intellectual Property Organization 1361

Publications class in which a State is placed is decided solely by The International Bureau continued to issue the State and the rights of each are the same, ir- regularly the following publications, in various respective of the class. languages: Copyright, Industrial Property, International The contribution class for each member State Designs Bulletin, Les Marques internationales, WIPO Newslet- of WIPO and of the Paris or Berne Unions, together ter, PCT Gazette, Les Appellations d’origine, Intellectual with the amount of the ordinary contribution of Property in Asia and the Pacific, Industrial Property Laws each State, is given in Annex I below (the class in- and Treaties and Copyright Laws and Treaties. dicated for the Paris Union also applies to the Nice, Locarno, IPC and Vienna Unions). Members of one Secretariat or more Unions do not pay separate contributions to WIPO; the Unions themselves contribute towards As at 31 December 1985, WIPO employed 288 the costs of WIPO’s International Bureau and pro- full-time staff members. Of those, 99 were in the gramme of legal-technical assistance. Professional and higher categories (drawn from 40 The amounts of ordinary contributions payable member States) and 189 were in the General Service for 1986 are given in the table below. category. In addition, 91 experts were employed by WIPO on technical assistance projects during the year Income and expenditure

Budget Summary figures for income and expenditure for the biennium 1984-1985 are as follows: The principal sources of the WIPO budget- approximately 87 million Swiss francs for the 1984-1985 Equivalent in In thousands of thousands of biennium-are ordinary and special contributions Swiss francs US dollars* from member States and income derived from inter- Income PCT national registration services (primarily under Contributions 40,065 19,170 and the Madrid Agreement). Income from registration services 40,908 19,573 Ordinary contributions are paid on the basis of Publications and miscellaneous 8,416 4,027 a class-and-unit system by members of the Paris, Total 83,389 42,770 Berne, Nice, Locarno, IPC and Vienna Unions and Expenditure by WIPO member States not belonging to any of staff 55,449 26,531 the Unions. Publications 4,538 2,171 States members of the six Unions are placed in Buildingst 9,759 4,669 Travel 2,732 1,307 seven classes (I to VII) to determine the amounts Meetings 1,179 564 of their ordinary contributions. WIPO States not Other 13,093 6,265 members of any of the Unions are placed in three Total 86,750 41,507 classes (A, B or C) for the same purpose. States in *At the United Nations rate of exchange for December 1985: 2.09 Swiss francs Class I or A pay the highest contributions of their = $US 1.00. group and those in Class VII or C the lowest. The †Includes maintenance, rental and amortization of the building loan.

CONTRIBUTION SCALES FOR 1986 (1.68 Swiss francs = $US 1.00: United Nations rate as at 31 December 1986)

In Swiss Equivalent in In Swiss Equivalent in francs US dollars francs US dollars

WIPO* V 67,782 40,346 Class VI 40,670 24,208 A 85,000 50,595 VII 13,556 8,069 B 22,500 15,178 NICE UNION C 8,500 5,059 Class PARIS UNION 51,880 30,881 II † Class III 31,129 18,529 565,059 336,345 IV 20,752 12,352 II † V 10,375 6,176 III 339,037 201,808 VI 6,226 3,706 IV 226,024 114,538 VII 2,075 1,235 V 113,010 67,268 VI 67,809 40,363 LOCARNO UNION VII 22,602 13,454 Class 20,013 11,913 BERNE UNION II † Class III 12,008 7,148 338,912 201,733 IV 8,005 4,765 II 271,129 161,386 V 4,003 2,383 III 203,347 121,040 VI 2,401 1,429 IV 135,565 80,693 VII † 1362 Intergovernmental organizations

In Swiss Equivalent in In Swiss Equivalent in francs US dollars francs US dollars IPC UNION VIENNA UNION Class Class I 272,846 162,408 I 5,085 3,027 II † † II † † III 163,708 97,445 III 3,051 1,816 IV 109,138 64,963 IV †† V † † V †† VI 32,742 19,489 VI 610 363 VII 10,914 6,496 VII 203 121

NOTE: There were no contributions to the PCT Union for 1986. *The amounts indicated are payable by those States members of WIPO which are not members of any of the Unions (see Annex 1). †No State currently belonged to this class.

Annex I. MEMBERSHIP OF THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION AND UNIONS ADMINISTERED TO WHICH CONTRIBUTIONS ARE PAYABLE (As at 31 December 1985; ordinary contributions payable in 1986)

CONTRIBUTION CLASS MEMBER In Swiss Equivalent In STATE OR OTHER W P B francs US dollars*

Algeria P N - - - - VI 74,035 44,068 Angola W - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 Argentina W P B - - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Australia W P B N - IPC - III III 737,221 438,822 Austria W P B N - IPC - IV VI 396,584 236,061 Bahamas W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Bangladesh W - - - - C - 8,500 5,059 Barbados W P B N - VII VII 38,233 22,757 Belgium W B N - IPC - III III 737,221 430.822 Benin W P B N - - VII VII 38,233 22,757 Brazil W P B - IPC - - IV IV 470,727 280,194 Bulgaria W P B - - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Burkina Faso W P B - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Burundi W P - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Byelorussian SSR W - - - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 Cameroon W P B - - - VII VI 63,272 37,661 Canada W P B - - - - - III III 542,384 322,847 Central African Republic W P B - - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 - - Chad W P B - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Chile W - B - - - - - VI 40,670 24,208 China W P - - - III 339,037 201,807 Colombia W - - - C - 8,500 5,059 Congo W P B - - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Costa Rica W B - VII 13,556 8,069 Cuba W P - - - VI 67,809 40,362 Cyprus W P B - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Czechoslovakia W P B N LO IPC IV IV 499,484 297,311 Democratic People’s Republic of Korea W P - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Denmark W P B N LO IPC IV IV 499,484 297,311 Dominican Republic W P - - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Egypt P B IPC VI VII 114,107 67,920 El Salvador W - - - C - 8,500 5,059 Fiji W B - - - VII 13,556 8,069 Finland W P B N LO IPC - - IV IV 499,484 297,311 France W P B N LO IPC VA - I I 1,253,795 746,306 Gabon W P B - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Gambia W - - C 8,500 5,059 Germ& Democratic Republic W P B N LO IPC - III V 613,664 365,276 Germany, Federal Republic of W P B N IPC I I 1,228,697 731,367 - Ghana W P - VII - 22,602 13,453 Greece W P B - - - - V VI 153,680 91,476 Guatemala W - - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 - Guinea W P B - - - VII VII 36,168 21,522 - Haiti W P - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Holy See W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,622 Honduras W - - - - C - 8,500 5,069 - Hungary W P B N LO - V VI 168,058 100,034 Iceland W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 India B - - - - IV 135,565 80,693 Indonesia W P - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 - - - Iran W P - - - VI 67,809 40,362 - - - - Iraq - P - VI 67,809 40,362 Ireland W P B N LO IPC - IV IV 499,484 297,311 - Israel W P B N - IPC - VI VI 147,447 87,766 W World Intellectual Property Organization 1363

CONTRIBUTION CLASS MEMBER In Swiss Equivalent in STATE OR OTHER W P B francs US dollars*

Italy W P B N LO IPC - III III 749,229 445,969 Ivory Coast W P B - - - VII VI 63,272 37,661 Jamaica W - - - - - C - - 8.500 5,059 Japan W P B - - IPC - - I II 1,109,034 660,139 Jordan W P - - - - VII 22,602 13,453 Kenya W P - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Lebanon - P B - - - - - VI VI 114,705 68,276 Libyan Arab Jamahiriya W P B - - - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Liechtenstein W P B N - - - - VII VII 38,233 22,757 Luxembourg W P B N - IPC VA - VII VII 49,350 29,374 Madagascar P B - - - VII VI 63,272 37,661 Malawi W P - - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Mali W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Malta W P B - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Mauritania W P B - - - - VII VII 36,156 21,522 Mauritius W P - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Mexico W P B - - - - - IV IV 361,589 215,231 Monaco W P B N IPC - VII VII 49,147 29,254 Mongolia W P - - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Morocco W P B N - - - - VI VI 114,705 66,276 W P B N LO IPC VA III III 752,280 447,785 New Zealand W P B - - - V V 180,792 107,614 Nicaragua W - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 Niger W P B - - VII VII 36,156 21,522 Nigeria P - - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Norway W P B N LO IPC - IV IV 499,484 297,311 Pakistan W B - - - VI 40,670 24,208 Panama W - - - - C - 8,500 5,059 Peru W - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 Philippines W P B - - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Poland W P B - - - - V VI 153,680 91,476 Portugal W P B N - IPC - IV V 423,696 252,199 Qatar W - - B - - 25,500 15,178 Republic of Korea W P - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Romania W P B - - - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Rwanda W P B - VII VII 36,158 21,522 San Marino - P - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Saudi Arabia W - - - A - 85,000 50,595 Sanegal W P B - - - VII VI 63,272 37,661 Somalia W - - - - C - - 8,500 5,059 South Africa W P B - - IV IV 361,589 215,231 Spain W P B N LO IPC - IV II 635,048 378,004 Sri Lanka W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 W P - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Suriname W P B N - IPC - - VII VII 49,147 29,254 Sweden W P B N LO IPC VA - III III 752,280 447,785 Switzerland W P B N LO IPC - - III III 749,229 445,969 Swian Arab Republic P - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Thailand - B - - - - - VII 13,556 8,069 Togo W P B - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Trinidad and Tobago - P - - - - VI - 67,809 40,362 Tunisia W P B N VA VI VI 115,315 68,639 Turkey W P B - - VI VI 108,479 64,570 Uganda W P - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Ukrainian SSR W - - - - C 8,500 5,059 USSR W P - N LO IPC - - I 909,798 541,546 United Arab Emirates W - - - B - - 25,500 15,178 United Kingdom W P B N - IPC I I 1,228.697 731,367 United Republic of Tanzania W P - - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 United States W P N - IPC - I - 889,785 529,633 Uruguay W P B - - VII VII 36,158 21,522 Venezuela W - B - - - V 67,762 40,346 Viet Nam W P - - - - VII 22,602 13,453 Yemen W - - - - - C - 8,500 5,069 Yugoslavia W P B N LO - - - VI VI 117,106 69,705 Zaire W P B - - - - VI VI 108,479 64,670 Zambia W P - - - - VII - 22,602 13,453 Zimbabwe W P B - - - - VII VII 36,158 21,522

Total 112 97 76 33 15 27 5 22,783.000 13,561,239

NOTE: Membership in WIPO is indicated by ‘W”: in the Paris Union by “P’; in the Berne Union by “B”: in the Nice Union by “N”; in the Locarno Union by “Lo": in the Strasbourg (IPC) Union by “IPC”; in the Vienna Union by “VA’: The class indicated for the Paris Union applies equally to the Nice, Locaro,IPC and Vienna Unions. Five States were members of Unions to which contributions are not payable and therefore are not included in this table. *Calculated on the basis of the United Nations rate of exchange for December 1966: 1.68 Swiss francs = $US 1.00. 1364 Intergovernmental Organizations

Annex II. OFFICERS AND OFFICES OF THE WORLD INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY ORGANIZATION (As at 31 December 1985)

CO-ORDINATION COMMITTEE OFFICERS Colombia, Cuba, Czechoslovakia. Denmark, Egypt, France. German Democratic Chairman: Adolfo Loredo Hill (Mexico). Republic, Germany, Federal Republic of, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Italy, Ivory First Vice-Chairmen: Jacek Szomanski (Poland). Coast. Japan, Mexico. Morocco, Netherlands, Nicaragua, Nigeria, Philippines, Second Vice-Chairman: J. H. A. Gariepy (Canada). Poland, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sweden, Switzerland, ‘Tunisia, Turkey. USSR, United Kingdom, United Republic of Tanzania, United States, Uruguay, MEMBERS Venezuela. Yugoslavia, Zaire. Zimbabwe. Algeria, Angola, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China.

SENIOR OFFICERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL BUREAU

Director General: Arpad Bogsch. Kamil Idris (Arab countries). Deputy Directors General: Klaus Pfanner, Marina Portia Lev Efremovich Kostikov. Director, Developing Countries (Copyright/ Division: Shahid Alikhan. Legal Counsel: Gust Ledakis. Director, Industrial Property Division: Ludwig Baeumer. Director, Public Information end Copyright Department: Claude Masouyé. Director, Patent Co-operation Treaty Division: François Curchod. Director, Development Co-operation end External Relations Bureau: Director, Patent Information end Classifications Division: Paul Claus. Ibrahima Thiam (AfricaI). Director, Copyright Law Division: Mihaly Ficsor. Laksmanathan Kadirgamar (Asia and the Pacific). Director, Administrative Division: Thomas A. J. Keefer. Enrique Pareja (Latin America and the Caribbean). Director, Public Information Division: Roger Harben.

HEADQUARTERS AND OTHER OFFICE

HEADQUARTERS LIAISON OFFICE WITH THE UNITED NATIONS IN NEW YORK World Intellectual Property Organization World Intellectual Property Organization 34 Chemin des Colombettes 2 United Nations Plaza, Room 560 1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland New York, N.Y. 10017, United States Cable address: WIPO Geneva or OMPl Genève Telephone: (212) 963-6813 Telephone: (22) 999-111 Telex: 420544 UNH Ul Telex: 22376 OMPl CH Facsimile: (41-22) 335428