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Geology and Minebal Besoueces Middletown

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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Ray Lyman Wilbur, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Bulletin 840 GEOLOGY AND MINEBAL BESOUECES OF THE MIDDLETOWN QUADRANGLE, PENNSYLVANIA BY GEORGE W. STOSE AND ANNA I. JONAS (fj *O .,/ *S Prepared in cooperation with the PENNSYLVANIA TOPOGRAPHIC AND GEOLOGIC SURVEY UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON: 1933 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D. 0. ......... Price 40 cents CONTENTS Page Abstract-..______._______._______.____.________--_-_-_-------.-__ 1 Introduction ___ _______________----________------_------------.--_ 2 Location of the area.________-_---___-____-_____-----_------_-- 2 Previous work_________-_-_--_----_----_--_---_---_----------- 4 Field work by the present writers._-_._.___-_______-_-_-_---___- 4 Surface features____________-_---------____----_-_--_----------_- 5 Surface forms______________-__----_-__----_-_---_----------- 5 Altitude ___-.___-___._._.._----------__---__-_-_------------_ 5 Drainage. ____________________________________________________ 6 Areal geology._._........_._ -- - . -. 7 Pre-Cambrian rocks (Algonkian?)_______________________________ 8 Rocks of igneous origin_---_-_-_--__..-._.......-........._ 8 Metabasalt__ __________-__-__-_-___-_-_-_-_-_---_---__-_ 8 Aporhyolite.___.....___-------_--_-_--------------------- 10 Volcanic slate___________--_.______-_-____---__---------- 11 Age of the volcanic rocks _______________________________ 12 Cambrian system______.___--------_-------------------------- 12 Chickies quartzite______._-_--.______..___-__.-__--___-._ 12 Chickies slate________-----_-_______-_-__--_-_--__-_--_-- 17 Harpers phyllite._____-----_--_________-_-_---_---____---- 18 Antietam quartzite______--------_-_____--__--------------- 19 Vintage dolomite_______---__.__....____._______---_----- 21 Kinzers formation......_--_-___________-.__-_-_---___-_--_ 23 Ledger dolomite.__________--__-___---_____-_-_--___-__-__ 26 Conococheague limestone-_--______._-._---_-_-___-------_. 30 Ordovician system.___________________________________________ 31 Beekmantown limestone.__--_-_______-_-____-_--_-_-_---__ 31 Cocalico shale....___ . --_._. 33 Conestoga limestone__-_-------___-_-_____._____-__------_- 34 Triassic system_______________________________________ _____ 36 Newark group._________-__-______________________--_----- 36 New Oxford formation__._______________.______________ 38 Gettysburg shale____________________________________ 40 Triassic igneous rocks_____________________.______._____________ 41 Diabase__ _____________________________________________ 41 Contact metamorphism of Triassic sediments _________________ 44 Tertiary system_____________________________________________ 46; High terrace gravel______________________________________ 46 Quaternary system.___________________________________________ 48 Lower terrace gravel__--------_-_______-.__._.__________ 48 Flood-plain alluvium._____________________________________ 49 Geologic structure_______________________________________________ 50 Area of Paleozoic rocks_______-________________________________ 50 Hellam Hills anticlinorium_______________._________________ 50 Emigsville syncline______---__________________________.____ 53 Wrightsville syncline_-_-----_-___-_____-_-_______..._.._.. 53 m IV CONTENTS Geologic structure Continued. Area of Paleozoic rocks Continued. Page Mount Pisgah and Strickler anticlines _______________________ 53 Marietta anticline-____________________-___________________ 54 Thrust faults____________ _ _____ __________ 54 Chickies overthrust____________________________________ 54 Glades overthrust-____________________________________ 55 Stoner overthrust-____________________________________ . 55 Normal faults____________________________________________ 56 Metamorphism. __________________________________________ 57 Age of the deformation____________________________________ 58 Folding and thrust faulting.__________________________ 58 Normal faulting_____________________________________ 59 Area of Triassic rocks_______________________________________ 59 Geologic history______________________________________________ _ 60 Mineral resources.________________________________________________ 62 Limestone__ _-_---_---__-__-____-__--__-----_-.__-___-_-____ 63 Baked shale.________________________________ 69 Sand.._____________________________.---.___ 69 Clay. ..-.__-_-_-_____-__.________-____--.--.-___.______-_- 71 Building stone.________________________________________________ 73 Ornamental stone _____________________________________________ 73 Iron ore___________________________________________________ 74 Coal_____________--_--_-________-_--__-__-__--_____-__-___-__ 75 Water resources_____________________________________________ 76 Precipitation _____________________________________________ 76 Surface water___________________________________________ 76 Municipal water supplies_________________________________ 77 Water power.____________________________________________ 79 Ground water.___________________________________________ 80 Springs __________________________________________________ 81 Index...__..____________________________________ 83 ILLUSTRATIONS Paw PLATE 1. Topographic and geologic map and structure sections of the / Middletown quadrangle___.______________________ In pocket. / 2. A, Susquehanna Gap at Chickies Rock;0B, Cambrian quartzite ledges at Hellam Point and Chickies Rock _____________ 10 3. Columnar section of the sedimentary rocks of the Middletown quadrangle-___-__--______________--__---______--_--___ 10 4. A, View overlooking the Susquehanna River from Shells Rock; B, Sharply overturned anticline of Chickies quartzite in Har­ pers phyllite south of Chickies Rock___________________ 18 5. A, Thick beds of conglomerate in Hellam member of Chickies quartzite near Highmount; B, Coarse pebble beds in Hellam conglomerate north of Highmount____________---_-_ 18 6. A, Creep in weathered outcrop of Harpers phyllite 1 mile north of Columbia; B, Banding on weathered surface of Vintage dolomite in limestone quarry southwest of Emigsville ____ 18 CONTENTS . V Page 7. A, Lenticular bed of dolomite in Beekmantown limestone 1 mile southwest of Rheems; B, Hill Island...._.____._.._.____ 42 8. A, Large quarry in diabase at Yorkhaven; B, Baked shale within the intrusive diabase near base of sill at Yorkhaven______ 42 9. A, Large tumbled masses of diabase that form the " Governor's Stable"; B, Haldeman Riffles, Susquehanna River.___.._ 42 10. A, Level surface of 500-foot terrace north of Columbia; B, The 300-foot river terrace east of Marietta _______________ 42 11. Map of the main Paleozoic structural features of southern Penn­ sylvania and the adjacent part of Maryland.._____________ 50 12. A, B, Recumbent folds in limestone at abandoned Hippie quarry_______ _____________________________________ 66 13. .4, Main pit of Mount Wolf quarry, Saginaw; B, Baked shale at lower contact of diabase sheet in quarry northeast of Lawn. _ 66 14. A, Quarry in thick-bedded Triassic red sandstone at Walton- ville; B, Large dimension stone from Waltonville quarry... 74 15. A, Old Codorus iron furnace; B, Roundtop and Middletown 4 reservoir, 7 miles east of Middletown _______________ 74 FIGURE 1. Outline map of Pennsylvania, showing location of the Middle- town quadrangle and areas covered by other reports....... 3 2. Structure section at Chickies Rock__.________________ 13 3. Detailed section of upper part of Chickies quartzite at quarry south of Chickies Rock______________________________ 13 4. Structure section of Chickies quartzite at Hellam Point...... 14 5. Plan, elevation, and section of Chickies quartzite at river bluff east of Dugan Run__________________________________ 15 6. Sketch section of old Stacey-Wilton quarry, north of Wrights- ville....-..--....__-_-___--.-_-__.-_______._--__-.._. 34 7. Ideal progressive sections across the Triassic basin, illustrating hypothetical mode of deposition of the sediments.________ 37 8. Ideal section of northwestern part of Triassic basin________ 42 9. Section showing remnants of roof of Triassic sediment on dia­ base sill west of Yorkhaven______.._____.._____ _____.__ 43 10. Profile along Susquehanna River in the Middletown quad­ rangle showing gravel-covered terraces and peneplain sur­ faces _.__________.____________ 47 11. Details of Quaternary gravel deposits north of Falmouth____ 48 12. Sketch map showing major faults and structural axes of the Middletown quadrangle...__________________________ 51 13. Structure in Cambrian rocks in river bluff west of Dugan Run. 54 14. Sketch section showing "klippe" of Glades overthrust south of Emigsville....__..____________________.-__. 56 15. Sketches of folds in Hippie limestone quarry.._.____.._._. 66 16. Map of brownstone quarries at Waltonville______________ 72 GEOLOGY AND MINERAL RESOURCES OF THE MIDDLETOWN QUADRANGLE, PENNSYLVANIA By GEORGE W. STOSE and ANNA I. JONAS ABSTRACT The Middletown quadrangle, in southeastern Pennsylvania, comprises parts of Lebanon, Dauphin, Lancaster, and York Counties, and is crossed by south- westward-trending belts of metamorphosed pre-Cambrian rocks, fossiliferous lower Paleozoic rocks, and Triassic sediments. The Chickies Ridge and the Hellam Hills form a range that extends southwestward across the southern part of the quadrangle. They separate the York Valley on the south from the wider Mount Joy Valley on the north, which lies north of the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County. A belt of Triassic - sediments
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