n f lnd K te Atn p Atr IEEAE SYSEMAICS AISOY GOU EESEAIES O ACAE ESEAC ema acae eseac ico Agicuue & Sciece Cee .O. o 6, ico, ew eaa K Cosy a M-C aiièe acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 20, Aucka, ew eaa EESEAIE O UIESIIES M Emeso eame o Eomoogy & Aima Ecoogy .O. o 84, ico Uiesiy, ew eaa EESEAIE O MUSEUMS M ama aua Eiome eame Museum o ew eaa e aa ogaewa .O. o 46, Weigo, ew eaa EESEAIE O OESEAS ISIUIOS awece CSIO iisio o Eomoogy G..O. o 00, Caea Ciy A.C.. 260, Ausaia SEIES EIO AUA O EW EAA M C ua (dd n 199 acae eseac Mou Ae eseac Cee iae ag 20, Aucka, ew eaa Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 39 Molytini (Insecta: Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Molytinae) C Caw Otago Museum P.O. Box 6202, Dunedin, New Zealand Mn Whn Ρ Ε S S ico Caeuy ew eaa 1999 Cprht © ndr rh lnd td 1999 prt f th r vrd b prht b rprdd r pd n n fr r b n n (rph ltrn r hnl nldn phtpn rrdn tpn nfrtn rtrvl t r thr tht th rttn prn f th pbIhr Ctln n pbltn CAW C (bn Chrl Mltn (Int Clptr Crlnd Mltn / C Cr — nln Cntrbr Mn Whn r 1999 (n f lnd ISS 111-533 ; n 39 IS -7-935- I tl II Sr UC 59573(931 rprd fr pbltn b th r dtr (nd pltd b rvr Crb n ptr-bd txt prn lt nnn nd prntn t ndr rh Mt Albrt rh Cntr rvt 917 Alnd lnd Mār txt b b t Cnltnt Wllntn blhd b Mn Whn r ndr rh O x nln Cntrbr Wbt http//prnz/ rntd b G rnt td WIlntn rnt vr Lyperobius townsendi (Illtrtr W lr bltn f th Fauna of New Zealand r pprtd b th ndtn fr rh Sn nd hnI ndr ntrt nnbr C917 OUA SUMMAY E WAKAOOGA MA E MAEA Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Curculionidae Subfamily Molytinae Tribe Molytini Molytine weevils Iusaio / Wakaaua aamus uecuaus (Il- ltrtr / K-hh lr These flightless weevils are some of the largest beetles in New Zealand, and they are some of the largest members in ā īhr Mltn the world of their tribe Molytini. Adult speargrass weevils Κ ēn īhr rr-r ēth nāā pītr rh r t (genus yeoius can range in colour from a red-brown Atr r t rāt nō ēth n tn to black, and many species have elegant white stripes on rh tō rāt ī n Mltn Ιn trh nā their backs, whereas adult karo and knobbled weevils īhr nh tr ( t pnn Lyperobius), nā (genus aamus are predominately dark brown with t nā p h ōō h pn n triangular or rounded tubercles on their sides and backs. rān t Otrā rā nō ēth h āth t This study redescribes the twelve known species and tā hr t ā t prr ō rāt trā K provides descriptions of eight new speargrass weevils. nā p t īhr nh th t r t īhr How to identify these weevils is covered in detail, and pūrr (nō t pnn Hadramphus), he parauri te tae, there is a key to the known and new kinds. Habitus trā t trā nā ēth tn h prht h drawings of these weevils, as well as detailed illustrations tptr rān t āh of key external and internal features, are provided. I rt tēn rnhtn hht ā-p As the popular name speargrass weevil implies, adults of nā īhr Mltn t ā ōht n most species feed on the rigid spiky leaves and large t t ēth h r Kt ēn h flowering heads of speargrasses or spaniards (taramea), h īhr nh tr K ht nō nā ōrr and they are sometimes also found on kopoti. Grubs of nā hār ōht tth tēnā most species feed on roots and the growing leaf crown of tēnā Arā nh ēth hh ēn īhr these members of the carrot family (Apiaceae), whereas ēth hh nā āhtn t ō rāt tnn the karo weevil grubs bore in the trunks of karo trees on the h rt nō h Poor Knights Islands. K t n ārnrn tn ēn th n These weevils are known to occur in insular habitats from t tr t tn t nn n p tēn the subtropical Poor Knights Islands off the Northland īhr; n nā r trtr nā p coast, to the isolated Chatham Islands in the east, and the t tr nō t nō ēth nh th n cold subantarctic Snares Islands in the south. They are t tp ī n t pt K nā trnū most numerous and diverse in the South Island mountains, t nn nā īhr tr nā with maximum species diversity in West Otago and nā r h ēn hān t hān ārt ( t Fiordland. Ap t n pūt Enr nō nā trnū t An attempt to reconstruct the genealogy of these weevils īhr nh th t r — tā rāt h h r is presented. Using this genealogy as a basis, the hr h hr nā h nā r ht ecological and biogeographic history of their divergence h (coiue oeea (aa aee ou -5- in New Zealand is estimated. It is suggested that they are Kitea ēn īhr Mltn ēth ān trth an old group, of at least 65 million years duration in nā pārūrū t r rr n nā Aotearoa, descended from a widespread ancestral tr ht h Whrr nh tār complex of coastal, insular, lowland, and mountainous n t āht pt t nā āh rr pērā sites that have long been conspicuous features of our ā Mtr Snr t tn Kār h āh t t country. nā n Wpn ō t hh nā īhr These weevils are generally considered in New Zealand t t t hh nā īhr Ā t āh conservation biology as threatened species that are highly rr t tn hhtn ēn pītr t tā vulnerable to the combined impact of rodent predators and Ōtā t Ur t Kārh t habitat modification. One species appears to have become K h t th httr t hpp extinct since European settlement. Insect ecologists who nā īhr n ā hh t hpp n have made detailed studies of the knobbled weevil h tūāpp hth t hh hr ēn consider that they are good indicators of whether there are rt nā t K trh t āh tā rāt nh th t rats on an island. t ēth t nā tn ān t hōrp hr nā īhr t t t hn rt nā t n tn E hpt n nō tr hā nā īhr Contributor r bn Cr is Honorary Curator of n — rā n t t 5 rn t nh n Entomology at the Otago Museum in Dunedin. His past Atr E hpt n nō h nh ō rāt research has included systematic revisions of tussock tīpn nā āh h tn — t thn tēnā butterflies and geometrid moths, as well as many nā tr ēā t h tār tēnā nā hn publications on the history, method, and theory of tptpt tēnā t t nā p n I rt nā h rhī nā tn ān Atr biogeography and phylogenetic systematics. Currently he ht n t nn h pāhh t āh t is working on collecting and describing new species of nh ēn pītr t E nh ōrr boulder, copper, and black mountain butterflies, and the n h t n nā āhtn n rāt conservation status of katipo spiders. pēn t r tō rāt tn hrr nā h Ko te th n āt bn Cr t Kt t hrrē t āh ō rāt ān nh Arā tēth Wāhn Māt nā Atn p t Whr pr hrt n nn n r t tn n Ōtā Ōtpt K ēth nrnhtn t āhā ērā ēth thn trtr nā tn nā t r t trtr nō t hh nā pp āt rnh ί t īhr pūrr ā hrōpūtn nā pūrrh pātītī trn nā tā rāt nh tēn īhr h th pūrrh `trd K hpt thn h pā h nh n tēth tr t r ār ana ki te hītr nā tn nā ātāpn t r- rān (Arā n h t n nā īhr pūrr thn nā pūnh hrōpū pā n t r p h r ā h rr n h īhr kunenga mai ēth K tān h ēn rā h h rr p t h t r he whakaahua i ēth pūrrh h K ēn hou, nō rt nā hān pūrrh nh t nā pūrrh r nā pūrrh nh n h pān te t Arā nō tēth pp hā n t trtr i te ongeonge haere o te tpō Kp Āhn - Glr aitanga a Pepeke — generic term for insects tā — trpd koiora-matawhenua — biogeography tār — ltd rt ōō — rd-brn Tawhiti Rahi — Poor Knights Islands kunenga — evolution Te Taka o te Kārh t — rdlnd monemone noa — obliterated, rendered extinct tona — tubercle ōrr — xpd t dnr tr hā — vr nnt t ongeonge — becoming rare, endangered whenua tapotupotu — lowland pāhh — nrtn ntbl īhr — vl pātītī trn — t r Translation by b pūrr — nbbld Huatau Consultants, Wellington —6— ASAC New Zealand's coxella, karo, knobbled, and speargrass weevils are revised. Sixteen species are recognised in the genus Lyperobius Pascoe, 1876, of which eight are new (australis, barbarae, clarkei, eylesi, glacialis, montanus, patricki, and townsendi). Four species are recognised in the genus Hadramphus Broun, 1911. Karocolens Kuschel, 1987, based on K. pittospori Kuschel, 1987, is reduced to synonymy with Hadramphus, and the new combination H.