Part I. North Atlantic Coast
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DEPARTMENT OP THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS PMITH, DIBECTOE WATER-SUPPLY PAPER 261 1909 PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC COAST SPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON BY H. K. BARROWS, 0. 0. COVERT AND K. H. BOLSTER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEORGE OTIS SMITH, DIRECTOR WATER- SUPPLY PAPER 261 SURFACE WATER SUPPLY OP THE UNITED STATES 1909 PART I. NORTH ATLANTIC COAST PEEPAEED UNDEE THE DIRECTION OF M. 0. LEIGHTON BY H. K. BARROWS, C. C. COVERT AND R. H. BOLSTER WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1911 CONTENTS. Page. Introduction............................................................ 9 Authority for investigations............................................. 9 Scope of investigations.............................................. 10 Purposes of the work.................................................. 11 Publications.......................................................... 12 Definition of terms................................................... 15 Convenient equivalents................................................ 16 Explanation of tables................................................. 17 Field methods of measuring stream flow................................. 18 Office methods of computing and studying discharge and run-off.......... 23 Accuracy and reliability of field data and comparative results......'..... 27 Use of the data........................................................ 29 Cooperative data...................................................... 29 Cooperation and acknowledgments..................................... 30 Division of work...................................................... 31 Gaging stations in North Atlantic coast drainage basins...................... 32 Storm of Sept. 26 to 29 in State of Maine ................................... 37 St. John River drainage basin.............................................. 38 Description.......................................................... 38 St. John River at Fort Kent, Maine..................................... 40 Fish River at Wallagrass, Maine........................................ '43 Aroostook River at Fort Fairfield, Maine................................ 43 St. Croix River drainage basin............................................. 45 Description......................................................:... 45 St. Croix River near Woodland, Maine................................. 46 Machias River drainage basin............................................. 49 Description.......................................................... 49 Machias River at Whitneyville, Mairie.................................. 49 Union River drainage basin................................................ 52 Description.......................................................... 52 River and lake surveys in Union drainage basin........................ 52 West Branch of Union River at Amherst, Maine........................ 53 West Branch of Union River near Mariaville, Maine.................... 54 Union River at Ellsworth, Maine....................................... 55 East Branch of Union River near Waltham, Maine....................... 56 Webbs Brook at Waltham, Maine...................................... 57 Green Lake at Green Lake, Maine...................................... 59 Green Lake Stream at Lakewood, Maine................................ 60 Branch Lake near Ellsworth, Maine.................................... 60 Branch Lake Stream near Ellsworth,, Maine................'............. 62 Penobscot River drainage basin........................................... 63 Description.......................................................... 63 River and lake surveys in Penobscot drainage basin.................... 65 West Branch of Penobscot River at Millinocket, Maine.................. 65 Penobscot River at West Enfield, Maine................................ 68 3 4 CONTENTS. Penobscot River drainage basin Continued. Page. East Branch of Penobscot River at Grindstone, Maine.................... 70 Mattawamkeag River at Mattawamkeag, Maine.......................... 72 Piscataquis River near Foxcroft, Maine................................ 74 Kenduskeag Stream near Bangor, Maine............................ '... 76 Kennebec River drainage basin........................................... 80 Description.......................................................... 80 River and lake surveys in Kennebec drainage basin..................... 82 Moosehead Lake at east outlet, Maine................................'... 83 Kennebec River at The Forks, Maine................................... 84 Kennebec River at Bingham, Maine................................... 86 Kennebec River at Waterville, Maine................................... 88 Sebasticook River at Pittsfield, Maine................................. 90 Cobbosseecontee Stream at Gardiner, Maine............................. 93 Androscoggin River drainage basin........................................ 95 Description.......................................................... 95 River and lake surveys in Androscoggin drainage basin.................. 97 Androscoggin River at Errol Dam, N. H............................... 97 Androscoggin River at Rumford Falls, Maine............................ 101 Presumpscot River drainage basin........................................... 102 Description.......................................................... 102 Presumpscot River at outlet of Sebago Lake, Maine...................... 103 Saco River drainage basin.................................................. 105 Description... ... .................................................... 105 Saco River near Center Conway, N. H.................................. 105 Saco River at West Buxton, Maine... ... ... ........................... 108 Merrimac River drainage basin............................................. 109 Description... ... ..........J......................................... 109 Pemigewasset River at Plymouth, N. H.... ............................ 110 Merrimac River at Franklin Junction, N. H............................ 113 Merrimac River at Garvins Falls, N. H................................. 114 Merrimac River at Lawrence, Mass... ... ... ........................... 117 Souhegan River at Merrimac, N. H..................................... 120 South Branch of Nashua River at Clinton, Mass......................... 122 Sudbury River at Framingham and Lake Cochituate at Cochituate, Mass.. 123 Taunton River drainage basin...... '. ...................................... 126 Description... ... .................................................... 126 Matfield River at Elmwood, Mass...................................... 127 Satucket River near Elmwood, Mass................................... 128 Tenmile River drainage basin............................................. 129 Description... ....................................................... 129 Tenmile River near Rumford, R. I..................................... 129 Blackstone River drainage basin............................................ 130 Description... ....................................................... 130 Branch River at Branch Village, R. I.................................. 131 Pawtuxet River drainage basin............................................. 132 Description... ... .................................................... 132 Pawtuxet River at Harris, R. I........................................ 132 Pawcatuck River drainage basin............................................ 133 Description.......................................................... 133 Wood River at Hope Valley, R. I...................................... 134 Connecticut River drainage basin........................................... 135 Description... ... .................................................... 135 Connecticut River at Orford, N. H..................................... 13T CONTENTS 5 Connecticut River drainage basin Continued. Page. Connecticut River at Sunderland, Mass... ... .......................... 140 Connecticut River at Hartford, Conn................................... 142 PasGumpsic River near St. Johnsbury, Vt............................... 143 White River near Sharon ,Vt........................................... 146 Ashuelot River at Hinsdale, N. H... .................................. 148 Millers River at Wendell, Mass......................................... 151 Deerfield River basin................................................... 153 Description...... ................................................ 153 Deerfield River at Hoosac Tunnel, Mass............................. 154 Deerfield River at Shelburne Falls, Mass............................ 155 Ware River near Ware, Mass... ... ... .............. i................... 158 Burnshirt River near Templeton, Mass.................................. 159 Quaboag River at West Brimfield, Mass ................................ 161 Westfield River at Knightville, Mass.................................... 163 Westfield Little River near Blandford, Mass... ......................... 165 Housatonic River drainage basin... ... ... ................................. 168 Description...... .................................................... 168 Housatonic River at Gaylordsville, Conn................................ 169 Hudson River drainage basin............................................... 171 Description... ... ...................................................