TEXA A JournalofFreeVoices Who's HighonTech? Special Session Report on the S 13

SERVER By NinaButts In ThisIssue: Willie Morris at OleMiss July 13,1984

Gulf Coast Victory (Page 10) $1.00

Drawing by Carlos Lowry

, Z.--=----: - \--..\_-11.." --,-__/1- • PAGE TWO • ,..-:.---,\--- . s FOE . ,...„...... THE_;...... PEOP - Illari SY 1914 Our Loss GO - Ai.7.---,_. 111 PR I E144S) -,„„, ms., ro ndo, II ,----- ,. HE OBSERVER is losing Frances Barton, business - ;101 ....,000..... manager since the fall of 1981. She wants to have

i 1 i. ‘. . __L=.. :,--s\/ '------4L------—_z __----_14 ----"1------..__- ,. 4 411. , . more time to devote to her family. With Jacob now - I II 111111111.1111HP' •. -- 41111111111,11.11 Iff 111111 T I II 1 — Ill W ll'ul fit WM!! i n ,, „ ------7- --7-7-'----- 2 1 ii II riithipii ...,,N.,`,...,-, ------' /2 and Jubilee approaching 10, such a decision needs no ------!----.------elaboration. -.-_--—,-----___=.....------• _--_ In announcing Frances' arrival in the 12-18-81 Observer, Ronnie Dugger wrote: "Frances is a good writer and a gifted THE political intellectual to whom, from time to time when I have TEXAS sERvER been uncertain what I think, I have turned for counsel, and she has been a stable and valued participant in progressive t ' EJ The Texas Observer Publishing Co., 1984 Ronnie Dugger, Publisher causes all her life." Ronnie's instincts — that her intellectual/activist background Vol. 76, No. 14 . 74 Xt;I:iFt Julv. 13, 1984 could benefit the business operation — were certainly right. Frances' values and knowledge have served the Incorporating the State Observer and the East Texas Democrat, Observer very which in turn incorporated the Austin Forum-Advocate. well, indeed. By cajoling and by her own example, she has . EDITOR Geoffrey Rips attracted talented freelance writers, artists, and new friends ASSOCIATE EDITOR Dave Denison to the Observer fold. She ran things on the business side with EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger great skill and humor and she has devised many new ways CAREY McWILLIAMS FELLOW: Nina Butts of promoting circulation and raising money without EDITORIAL INTERN: Teo Furtado misrepresenting or violating the spirit or purpose of the CALENDAR: Chula Sims enterprise. WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENT: Al Watkins LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Alicia Daniel In addition to innovations in direct-mail methods, under EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Frances Barton, Austin.; Elroy Bode, Kerr- Frances' guidance the Observer has made several other ville; Chandler Davidson, Houston; Bob Eckhardt, o D.C.; Sissy important advances: we've expanded our network of contacts Farenthold, Houston: Ruperto Garcia, Austin; John Kenneth Galbraith, Cam- bridge, Mass.; Lawrence Goodwyn. Durham, N.C.; George Hendrick, Urbana, with other periodicals which have similar publishing goals Ill.; Molly Ivins, Dallas; Larry L. King, Washington, D.C.; Maury Maverick, and financial constraints, sharing what we've learned; the legal Jr., San Antonio: Willie Morris, Oxford, Miss.; Kaye Northcott„Austin; James research preparatory to changing the Observer's structure has Presley, Texarkana, Tx.; Susan Reid. Austin; A. R. (Babe) Schwartz. Galveston; Fred Schmidt, Tehachapi, Cal., Robert Sherrill, Tallahassee, Fla. come a long way; and, after months of study and a careful CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Warren Burnett. Nina Butts, Jo Clifton, Craig review of the financial feasibility, the Observer is beginning Clifford, John Henry Faulk, Ed Garcia, Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Amy Johnson, to implement its plan for an office microcomputer system. Laurence Jolidon, Mary Lenz, Matt Lyon. Rick Piltz. Susan Raleigh, Paul Sweeney, Michael Ventura, Lawrence Walsh. Frances also served as a perceptive and inspirational advisor CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Alan Pogue, Russell Lee, Scott Van - to Joe Holley, when he was editor, and, more recently, to Osdol, Alicia Daniel. Geoffrey Rips. And she proved to be a relentless advocate, CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Jeff Danziger, Beth Epstein, Dan Hubig• Pat when necessary, on issues that mattered. Johnson, Kevin Kreneck• Carlos Lowry, Joe McDermott, Ben Sargent. Gail Woods. There's a very rare, genuinely caring manner about Frances, A journal of free voices which expresses itself naturally in all her relationships : It has We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we .find instructed and enhanced the lives of those of us who work it and the right as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth, to human with her; and it shows through when she interacts with values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the foundation of subscribers and others who might phone or drop by for a detnocracy; we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the power- visit. .fitl or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. Yet she can be shrewd if the situation calls for it. Her Writers are responsible for their own work, but not for anything they have ability to walk our tenuous financial tightrope, for example, not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessarily imply that we agree with them because this is a journal of free voices. has come in handy on occasion. Tenacious? You should see her track down wayward freelance writers in order to obtain Business Manager Frances Barton permission to reprint their Observer articles of years past in Assistant Alicia Daniel another periodical. Advertising, Special Projects Cliff Olofson Fortunately for us, Frances won't be going very far. She Advertising Dana Loy is maintaining her association with the Observer in several Editorial and Business Office meaningful ways: she remains on the board of directors of 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 the non-profit Texas Investigative Reporters Fund; Geoff and (512) 477-0746 The Texas Observer (ISSN 0040-4519) is published biweekly except for a three-week inter- Ronnie are campaigning to get her to write for the Observer val between issues in January and July (25 issues per year) by the Texas Observer Publishing occasionally; she will participate in the Observer's periodic Co., 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, (512) 477-0746. Second class postage paid at Austin, Texas. budget and long-range planning meetings; and we'll be seeking Single copy (current or back issue) S1.00 prepaid. One year. S20; two years, $38; three her opinions and ideas regarding subscription promotion and years. $56. One year rate for full-time students. $13. Airmail, foreign, group. and bulk rates other fund-raising projects. on request. Microfilm editions available from University Microfilms Intl., 300 N. Zech Road, Ann Arbor. Michigan 48106. . For a staff-box title, Frances and I have decided that Copyright 1984 by Texas Observer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Material may "consultant" is probably the most accurate business-like way not be reproduced without permission . POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. to designate her new role. However, I'll also continue to look to her as the Observer's spiritual advisor, and wouldn't be

2 JULY 13, 1984 hide. Lieutenant Governor Bill Hobby led the Senate by example, showing an emotional commitment that went beyond the customary reddening of his neck brought on by floor action. Even House Speaker Gib Lewis, hailed by H. Ross Perot and White as a champion of education reform, brought out the brass knuckles and twisted the number of arms necessary to pass a major piece of social reform legislation. On top of that, the Texas Federation of Teachers, AFL- CIO, — the union — has become the governor's favorite teacher organization,, and the Texas Interfaith Network organizations came away with the fundamentals of an equalization plan and friends in high places. It has been a session of strange bedfellows. On the evening of June 30, for instance, many members of the Mexican American Legislative Caucus were in the office of House Speaker Pro Tern Hugo Berlanga (D-Corpus Christi) when Gib Lewis sent out a desperate call for Berlanga, telling him to get "Red Square" out on the floor because they needed those votes to pass the education bill. "Red Square" is the section of the House Chamber in which most of the more progressive members of the Mexican American caucus sit. It was probably the only time in his career that Lewis wanted ue Red Square present and voting. Pog

n But then there was that strange coalition of big business la A

and minority interests that led the fight for the education bill. by

As lobbyists for his SCOPE (Select Committee on Public to Education) proposals, H. Ross Perot had hired Rusty Kelley ho P and Jack Gullahorn, both of whom usually operate as hired Frances Barton guns in the legislative lobby for large corporate interests. Perot also brought in Rick Salwen, his personal lobbyist for the surprised if everyone else around here thinks of her in that way, too. So it's not really goodbye. But we're going to miss her. Cliff Olofson * * * There is little to compare with the egotism of a writer. I am grateful to Frances Barton for her support, counsel, and good cheer during my tenure at the Observer. But, above all, I am grateful that she has indelibly imprinted in my

Observer is always a product consciousness the fact that the e of communal enterprise. Not only are some of the more u Pog difficult ethical and political questions we encounter debated at staff meetings, but also those who labor in the trenches of the business office without 'a byline deserve a great deal Alan by

of the credit, and just a small portion of the blame, for what to is produced here. Beyond that, Frances is wont to remind ho me, there is the community of Observer readers and P supporters, who are with us in all deliberations. I thank Frances for this enlightenment. May she thrive in her efforts to revive Help Us Welcome the hippie ethic. G. R. Allen Ginsberg Special Session Friday, July 20

Report The Texas Observer Austin E COME OUT of the legislature's special session 600 West 7th Street with a more equitable education system funded by 4:30 6:30 W yet another inequitable tax plan. That's an improvement. The Texas Legislature has been known to put together regressive tax programs to fund unfair social Preceding his poetry reading at the programs. We are making progress. University of Texas, 8:00 p.m. What Governor Mark White emerges with is his political THE TEXAS OBSERVER 3 War on Drugs. "We've taken a redfish lobbyist, a college lobbyist, a War on Drugs lobbyist, a computer expert, and Father's Day Massacre a secretary to the computer expert, and all of a sudden they're education experts," declared Sen. Carl Parker (D-Port Arthur) Halfway through the special session, the prognoses for the ,in arguing against the SCOPE proposals. education and tax plans were not great. On June 17, Father's These corporate lobbyists found themselves allied with the representatives of the Texas Interfaith Network organizations (Communities Organized for Public Service of San Antonio, Allied Citizens of Tarrant, the Valley Interfaith Network, the Metropolitan Organization of Houston, and El Paso Interfaith Sponsoring Organization). These groups had been lobbying the legislature and the governor for equalization in education funding since Governor Mark White had appeared before a l

COPS convention just after his election in 1982, committing ie himself to equalization.. Dan ia lic A by to Pho Attorney General Jim Mattox, State Senator Lloyd Doggett and State Representative Walter Martinez, June 18, 1984. Day, the Public Education Committee of the House deleted key provisions from the Haley bill. The next day a rally on the Capitol steps by the Texas Interfaith Network addressed what was called the "Father's Day Massacre" of the education plan. The rally drew state official's like flies. They were eager to denounce the massacre and to pledge support for reform before this gathering of community organizations. State Reps. Mark White addresses Texas Interfaith Network rally, Capitol Juan Hinojosa, Walter Martinez and Rene Oliveira joined steps, June 18, 1984. Bullock, Treasurer Ann Richards, and state Senators Bob Vale, Lloyd Doggett, Hector Uribe, Oscar Mauzy, and even Glenn Perot's lobbyists, by and large, worked the legislators they Kothmann. Attorney General Jim Mattox declared: "The knew best — those who usually protected the interests of big Attorney General's with you. You're going to see some business — purveying the big business rationale: a good changes. You're doing exactly what's right. They're not going education system is critical for future business investment in to get by. The present plan is indefensible and has to change. the state, and the tax program to pay for it will be drawn If they don't change it, I won't defend it in the courthouse." up in the best interests of big business. Early in the special session, several members of the Mexican American caucus Hobby told the gathering: "Bienvenidos a su capitol. Sin igualdad, no hay reforma. thought there was little possibility of forming a coalition for [Welcome to your capitol. Without passage of equalization with the likes of Kelley, Gullahorn, equality, there is no reform.]" He was followed by Bill Haley, and Salwen. But the economics of the bill prevailed. Schools who revealed his lack of understanding of the problems facing in the Valley, San Antonio, and El Paso stood to gain a great many Texas students when he began, "I'm from East Texas, deal of school income. The legislators from those areas knew and about the only Spanish I know is Mexico City and where their interests lay. They also realized that, in the Monterrey." Someone in the crowd shouted, "How do you say 'equalization' in Spanish?" Mexican American caucus, they represented one of the largest voting blocs in the' House, a bloc necessary to Lewis for passage of the education and tax programs. When the House education plan, called the Haley bill (for 'state Rep. Bill Haley of Center), was introduced, State Comptroller Bob Bullock declared it "smacks of Selma, Alabama" and carried "the fingerprints of the rich, a backroom deal." The bill provided much less for property-poor districts

than the SCOPE recommendations and drew fewer protests l ie

from property-rich districts, who feared cuts in state aid. When n Da

Paul Ragsdale (D-Dallas) criticized the equalization formula in the bill, Gov. White defended it, saying we should "avoid ia lic A any suggestion of a socialistic tendency which is to pull

everybody down to a level. We should pull everybody up." by to Pho TO OUR READERS Texas Interfaith Network members holding the line against Publishing 25 issues per year means we take an extra equalization cuts. week once during the summer and another in December to take stock. That extra summer week follows this issue. Mark White, though working for a compromise plan The next Observer you receive will be dated August 3. including equalization and teacher pay raises, did not raise the level of discussion when he told a June 21 press conference

4 JULY 13, 1984 L..... that hedidnotopposeaphasinginofequalizationbecause them allthemoneynowtheywouldhaveahardtimespending would probablyuseittobuyCadillacs it wisely,"implyingthatpoorschooldistrictsuperintendents "there's asubstantialbodyofthoughtsaying,ifyougave Speaker GibLewis marshalled hisforces,soundlydefeatedtherecommendations through theHouse.ThissetstageforBynumCaper. of thepubliceducationcommitteeandrodeHaleyBill to getHaley'sbillthroughtheHouse,BillHobbyledby consider theeducationproposal.Insodoing,Hobby example. TheSenateformedacommittee-of-the-wholeto took Parker'sseatonthefloor.Thereafter,asSenatevoted on itemafteritem,Hobbyvotedfirstasameansofinstruction relinquished thegaveltoeducationchairmanCarlParkerand by 31men,mostofwhomareAnglo,all for thesenators. financially comfortable.Sen.ChetEdwards(D-Duncanville), of childrenwasnotthemostelevated,conductedasit for instance,atonepointasked,"Whatcanyouteachasix- Lieutenant Governor BillHobby

But GibLewis,lavishedwithpraisebyWhiteandPerot, While GibLewishadtotwist,armsandbreakknuckles Now, thelevelofdebateinSenateoneducation Hobby ClearstheAir ' 0 .c 0 as 0 Photo by Alan Pogue month-old oraone-year-old?"towhichSen.HughParmer He wasfollowedbyTatiSantiesteban(D-ElPaso),whomused, bilingual andcompensatoryeducation.TheCommissionerof been toldthattheSenatebill,authoredbyGrantJones(D- (D-Fort Worth)repliedthatyouteachthemcolors,notalgebra. Abilene), "won'tfundsalaryincreasesforteachers,besides quizzical speculationtohead-banging.Edwardssaidhehad Education hasindicatedthatthismightbeaproblem.Sixty- was suddenlyinanuproar. categorical programsareleftoutinthecold."TheSenate five toseventypercentoftheteachersnotcoveredby "They shouldbehomelearningfromtheirmothers." explaining thefundingmechanismsfirsttoDoggett,then the Houseassomewhatofanegghead—apotentially Hobby. Inprevioussessions,Colberthadbeenregardedin dangerous condition—but,withtheintricaciesofschool therefore, avaluableasset. conversant inthelogarithmsofeducationfundingand, finance, hehademergedasoneofthefewlegislators Bynum calledotherstotherailingofSenatefloorvoice funding structure,StateEducationCommissionerRaymon his contentionthatonly$47millionwouldbelefttoraise salaries for65to70%oftheteachers.FinallyHobbyand Bynum andWrightcameupwithanamendmentsayingno Parker decidedtohaveBynumandDallasSchool expenses, Hobbymoveditsadoption.Actuallythereis$950 Superintendent LinusWrighttestifyonthematter.When to theusualprocedure. explained, sayingBynumdidnotcomputehisfiguresaccording more than35%oftheallotmentcanbeusedforoperating million additionalforsalaries,not$47million,Hobby undoing. TSTA,afteragreeingtosupportthelegislation, teachers indistrictsnowpayingmorethantheminimumwill withdrew itssupportfortheconferencecommitteebill,saying State TeachersAssociation(TSTA).Ultimatelyitwastheir already payingabovetheminimum.Thereislittledoubtthat it didnotguaranteespecificraisestoteachersindistricts Throughout theeducationdebate,TSTAhasconsistentlypitted teachers inpoordistrictsreceivingminimumsalaries. not receiveashighapercentageinsalaryincreaseswill doing, itrepresentedtheinterestsofteachersinmoreaffluent teacher payraisesagainstequalizededucationfunding.In so districts tothedetrimentofthoseinpoorerdistricts.In a closed-door meetingpriortotheTSTAwalkout,White had chastised alltheteachergroupsfortheirfightingagainst an appointed boardandagainstequalizationreform.Hetoldthem got theirpayincreasesallintheformofmeritraises.The if theydidnotsticktothepayraiseissuehewouldsee pull outlater.TheTFThad,allalong,beentheonlyteacher only tohaveallbuttheTexasFederationofTeachers(TFT) four leadingteachergroupsthenagreedtosupportthe bill, organization tosupportequalizationalongwithapayincrease. out ontheonlypossibilityfor substantialpayraisesgained plan. TheTSTAalsodid not winitselfanyawardsby in thelegislationisnotideal, butneitheristheequalization denouncing competencytests. JohnCole,presidentoftheTFT, in concertwithfundingrestructuring. Theteacherpaysystem There arethose whounderestimateus." said you'reasking alotfromteachers.We canhandleit. AFL-CIO, responded totheissueoftesting bysaying,"It's But whenitcametofunding,thesenatorsmovedfrom State Rep.PaulColbert(D-Houston)wasonthefloor While Colberthuddled-withvarioussenatorsexplainingthe The BynumpositionwastheadoptedbyTexas In walkingoutontheeducation bill,theTSTAwalked Teacher Pique THE TEXAS OBSERVER

5

Among the provisions of the final version of the education Texas as its base because of the "collaboration of academic, bill: a 15-member board of education will be appointed to state, and business interests not found elsewhere." be replaced with the election of board members in the general election of 1988; the school year is to begin no earlier than That collaboration was nowhere more apparent than in the September 1 as a sop to the tourist industry, giving family tax bill developed by Ways and Means Committee Chair Stan vacationers one more week than is the current practice; there Schlueter (D-Killeen), to pay for the education program. The is an 11-step salary scale with a 4-step career ladder for bill maintained exemptions on the sales tax for doctors, additional pay with a competency test for all teachers; the lawyers, engineers, and architects but removed exemptions funding structure is based on average daily attendance (instead for a wide range of repair services important to the average of average daily enrollment as proposed by the SCOPE bill); citizen and merchant. The exemption for over-the-counter sales the basic per pupil allotment will be $1290 per pupil for 1984- of computer software and programs is removed while special '85 and $1350 the following year; and the House price- computer services, such as those offered by Ross Perot's differential allotment formula was adopted to determine the company, remain exempt. The merchant is hit several times ratio for district wealth at a lower rate than that called for — with the removal of exemptions on repairs and commercial by the Senate, which would have provided greater benefits trucks and an increase in the franchise tax — while heavy for property-poor districts. industry was able to retain its exemption for a sales tax on utility use. Donald Hurwitz, representing his bowling June Karp, legislative director of the TFT, said they operation, complained that the bowling industry was in a state supported the education proposal as a way of "looking to of decline "worse than anything in the 5,000 year history the future. It's important to get the legislation moving. It of our industry." He pointed out that golf municipal green contains elements of reform for years and years. In the long fees remained exempt. Is this a tax aimed. at Archie Bunker? run, it will benefit us all." She was echoed by Ernesto Cortes of the Texas Interfaith Two of the more egregious features of the Schlueter bill, Network, who called it "the right mechanism. We just hope unveiled in the last week of the session, are the removal of it's not underfunded. We are most encouraged by the the bank-shares tax and the increase in tuition for state colleges. movement toward SCOPE. The basic allotments move up with Representative Wilhelmina Delco (D-Austin), who led a the local fund assignment." Sonia Hernandez of San Antonio successful fight against the tuition increase, asked, "If we COPS added, "It provides a necessary framework that will talk about educational quality, why rob one set of, students bring true reform." to help another set of students?" The bank-share tax repeal resolves in Texas (in the banks' favor) a matter being litigated At a June 28 press conference, Bill Hobby called the in the U.S. Supreme Court, in which Georgia banks challenged imminent passage of the education bill a "truly historic moment the method wherein local authorities levy a property tax on in the history of Texas. The Gilmer-Aikin Act of 1949 [creating the stock of banking corporations. The Schlueter bill, instead, the current education structure] was an admirable piece of requires banks to pay a corporate franchise tax, bringing the legislation for a rural state. Beginning in the early 1970s, banks a savings of 30 to 40%. It is possible that such a savings however, Texas was a predominately urban state. [This bill] provided the impetus for corporate support for the education recognizes the State's obligations to educate all its children. bill and the tax bill. The legislature reflected widespread and well-justified public discontent." Throughout the discussion of the tax bill on the House floor and the hearings held by the Ways and Means Committee, Taxing Matters Schlueter countered complaints by legislators and lobbyists protesting the removal of specific exemptions by summoning ARLY IN the special session, Admiral Bobby Ray the spectre of corporate and personal income tax. He told Inman, formerly of the National Security and the a representative of the Dallas Morning News, who was E Central Intelligence agencies and now president and protesting the removal of the exemption for advertising, Chief Executive Officer of the computer consortium MCC, ("since we're the only state with a tax on ad space") "The told a joint session of the legislature that his consortium chose reverse of this logic is that 46 other states have an income tax, so we should have an income tax. That's the thing we're trying to avoid. There is no fair tax." But some are less fair than others. Bob Barton (D-San Marcos) is "bothered by the fact that it looks like a tax on everybody without a PAC [for making campaign contribu- tions]. Industry won't accept a tax on utility bills. That would be worth $172 million. The small retailers are already paying a utility tax, an unfair franchise tax, and the same people buy ads. So now they have a third tax that's unfair. There's no tax on airplane sales or airplane gas sales, but there's a big tax on people who drive a '64 Chevy pickup. The tax on industrial utilities: that's a tax you can export because a lot is consumed outside the state. The tuition increase is a

l heavy tax on people who aren't organized: parents and kids. ie I'm basically supportive of part of the thrust of the special

Dan session. But they're getting ready to raise $1 on the franchise

ia tax. It's already the eighth highest in the U.S. We need to ic Al

start looking at equalization on the franchise tax. On the

by franchise tax, we'd be better off if we taxed net income instead to of capital worth. We've got a corporate income tax now, but ho P how much you pay now is based on how much property you've Ways and Means Committee Chair Stan Schlueter leans into invested in. Maybe next time out we can go out and get a question on taxes. equalization in taxes."

6 JULY 13, 1984 But there were other winners. The Mexican American Legislative Caucus proved its value as a voting block, coming away with an equalization formula it can live with and with a workers' compensation bill. The Texas Interfaith Network organizations gained some measure of the equalization for which they have been fighting. For sticking with the compromises of the bill, they also gain a favored place with l ie n Da

ia lic A

by

Workers' Comp, At Last to

Pho t long last, the legislature passed a bill providing Rep. Bob Barton: "equalize taxes " workers' compensation coverage for migrant and A seasonal farmworkers. But it wasn't easy. A "Since we had a, corporate executive do education reform," committee appointed by White, Hobby, and Lewis, and suggests Walter Martinez (D-San Antonio), "we should have chaired by Austin attorney Tony Korioth, had drawn up a teacher do tax reform." a compromise solution satisfying everybody except the Texas Farm Bureau. Sen. Bill Sarpalius, who had killed Winners the bill with a filibuster on the last night of the 1983 S THE DUST settles on the special session, we find legislative session, co-sponsored the measure carried by Sen. Hector Uribe. The bill provides workers' compensa- • an improved educational funding apparatus, complete with a career-ladder and teacher pay raises, and the tion coverage in a phased-in program, based on payrolls provision for a temporary appointed board that will be for migrant and seasonal workers, and contains exemp- entrusted with the implementation of the new structure. "After tions from coverage for family farmers with two or fewer the education bill passes," Walter Martinez warned, "we'll full-time employees. want to prevent erosion rather than expect improvement." As the special session began, Uribe could count 25 COPS President Sonia Hernandez said she "would like to or 26 votes in the Senate (of a possible 31) for passage have seen higher numbers, but there's good momentum now. and House sponsor Juan Hinojosa knew he had more than The next legislature will meet after a few months of having half of the House lined up. Lt. Gov. Bill Hobby was the reforms in place. Our agenda for January will be to see eagei to get the bill passed, as he had been stigmatized that the Legislative Budget Board has the correct figures for since the 1983 session by his failure to prevent the accountable costs. The Equity Center will verify the figures Sarpalius filibuster that killed the bill. But then bill the Texas Education Agency comes out with." sponsors, special committee members, and lobbyists for Texas Rural Legal Aid and the United Farm Workers found themselves bouncing back and forth between the office of the Governor and that of Gib Lewis in their efforts to make sure White would include workers' compensation in the business of the special session. Lewis blamed White for the procrastination in putting workers' compensation on the legislative call, and White blamed Lewis for the hold-up. Both were using the issue to help line up Mexican American legislative votes for the education and tax bills, while the. Mexican American Legislative Caucus was using its voting bloc on those issues as a bargaining chip for inclusion of workers'

l compensation legislation. ie n Also figuring into the equation was the state district Da

court ruling earlier this year by Judge Harley Clark ia

ic providing coverage for farmworkers. The ruling is being Al appealed by the Attorney General's office. Mattox had by said he thought the matter should be resolved legislatively to

ho rather than in the courts. P On June 28, White finally announced inclusion of the Ernesto Cortes, Jr. and Sister Christine Stevens organize at the workers' compensation bill in the session's business. The Texas Interfaith Network rally, June 18. bill passed both houses with little difficulty. Its passage is an indication of the growing strength of the urban and "The fact that there's going to be an assault [in January]," minority vote, which was able to force a compromise said Ernesto Cortes, "indicates what a step forward this is. in the select committee that produced a bill to ride straight Every action generates a reaction." through the legislature. White, Hobby, and Lewis emerge victorious from the Meanwhile, the Industrial Accident Board reports that special session, having delivered an education bill and money a large number of workers' compensation policies have to fund it. For White it was a matter of do or die, and he been taken out by farmers since the ruling by Judge Clark. survived. Lewis showed an ability to coerce votes that he A large percentage of these policies were sold by the had not previously displayed. Hobby, without fanfare, had Texas Farm Bureau. G. R. the Senate do his bidding. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 7 White and Hobby. The same goes for the Texas Federation blindness in doling out committee chairs and other favors, of Teachers, the most progressive of the teacher organizations must have noticed the fact that the House Republicans voted and now the favorite of the governor and the legislative as a nearly solid bloc against both the education and tax leadership. Does this mean White, Hobby, and Lewis will legislation. Could this be the start of new alignments of power now campaign for collective bargaining rights for teachers? in the House? In a House divided along party lines, the An intriguing prospect is the possibility of partisan divisions influence of the Mexican American and Black caucuses, in the House. Gib Lewis, who had previously exhibited party- combined with Anglo progressives, would be enhanced. G. R.

a phone call from LaNeil Wright of the Texas Eagle Forum in Dallas, alerting her to the hearings in the Capitol. The The Right's Huff Texas Eagle Forum is the state chapter of Phyllis Schlafly s national organization, whose agenda includes OLLOWING the House passage of the education bill, several organizations concerned with opposition to abortion and the ERA. In addition, the TFIT crusade has been followed by Dr. James Dobson, a F "parents' rights" rallied on the Capitol steps. fundamentalist nationwide radio show host. Robin Lewis, who described herself as a Dallas housewife and a founder of Traditional Families in Texas (TFIT), According to Mel Gabler, these organizations have no told the gathering, "We're kind of glad they did it. Now direct connection to his work. But it is clear that the main we have it in black and white." She went on to complain interest these fundamentalist groups have in preserving about busing, claiming it causes low test scores "because an elected board lies in the preservation of the Gablers' these children spend two hours more away from their influence on that body's deliberations. Gabler told the parents." Observer that it's "taken years before the elected board Lewis addressed a crowd of white men and women, paid attention to citizens. Our board in the last several many with kids, most wearing yellow "TFIT" or green years has moved to where they listen to citizen viewpoints. "Parents Prerogative" badges. Before the crowd dispersed Not only us. A number of different women's lib in order to lobby individual legislators, a preacher offered organizations, too. They've listened to all strata of Texas a prayer: "Dear Lord Jesus. We call upon you to help citizens. . . . We don't know what kind of board will keep it an elected board. " be appointed. . . . I don't believe they'll ever do it [return to an elected board in four years]. Your whole trouble This is the key issue of the fundamentalist protest of in education is the education establishment has given us the education bill. Through Education Commissioner at least 20 years of consistent downgrading. [That Rayrnon Bynum and Board Chair Joe Kelly Butler, the establishment consists of] the Texas Education Agency, fundamentalist right has been able to exercise some control the Bureau of Education in Washington, the NEA. Our over Texas textbooks and curriculum. But these groups board has been very unfairly attacked. An appointed board are also concerned about the "discipline-management" — I'm afraid they'll never listen to people. " aspect of the bill and about pre-kindergarten classes for the disadvantaged (they're better off at home). A woman Gabler continued, "People like Perot picked up false in her twenties wore a badge saying, "Pro Elected Board," newspaper articles and said the board was embarrassing and a button proclaiming, "Pro Life, Pro Family, Pro us. " This is a recurrent theme among the fundamentalist Reagan." opponents of the education plan. They are bewildered by the actions of H. Ross Perot. They think he has been The Traditional Families in Texas group was organized fooled. They thought he was one of them. They are terribly around the education issue after Robin Lewis received disillusioned. G. R.

Legislature Satisfies Highway Lobby

Austin The highway monies were included in Rep. Stan Schlueter's ANY OF THE highway lobbyists this session wore tax bill which raised the gasoline tax by five cents a gallon, a button that said simply, "THUMP THUMP." increased the motor vehicle . registration fees by $25, and M increased the sales tax on motor vehicles by one percent. "Thump, thump" is the sound of a car hitting a pothole, This was designed to bring in $1.06 billion over the next explained Eugene Robbins, president of the Texas Good Roads three years for highways. Schlueter (D-Killeen) also proposed group. Robbins was with the legislators most steps of the to do away with the complicated mechanism that guarantees way, reminding them, in their brief moments of respite from a certain amount of highway money from the state's general worrying about education problems, that they were called upon revenue, based on an inflation index. The highway department to fix the roads, too. will get as much as $265 million at the end of this year from The legislators, distracted as they were, responded with the general revenue but will depend on user fees and dedicated a sort of "Yeah, yeah, the roads, the roads," and funded funds after that. The highway department supports the move the highway department with an extra $444 million dollars since it gives the department a more predictable source of for the next year, considerably more than the Governor had money and doesn't require highways to go up against "people suggested in his proposed tax plan when he called the special money" in the appropriations process. session. There were a few signs of the beginning of caution in the

8 JULY 13, 1984 special session, a growing consensus that highway funding UT IT WAS, as always, easier to get money for should be examined as critically as other state expenditures. highways than for just about anything else. "It's For one thing, the highway department has agreed to B something that businesses and citizens who drive can undergo a management audit, an extensive review by an understand, see, and agree upon," said Cain. "Public schools independent firm of the department's budgeting, staffing are a different matter. By throwing money at it you don't planning, and bidding procedures. Robert Lanier, chairman necessarily make a better system." Rep. Tom DeLay (R-Sugar of the Highway Commission, at first wanted his department Land) agreed. Highway funding is "a concrete issue," he to pick the auditing firm but settled for a voice on the legislative said. "You can see that road out there." Education, by committee. The audit, however, will be a one-time thing, not contrast, is "abstract" and - emotional." every four years, as originally proposed. According to Grinstead, "some legislators were disap- Having the highway money tied to an increase in taxes pointed we're not getting more" for highways. Rep. Frank was another device which cooled enthusiasm, even among Eikenburg (R-Plano) was one who got up on the House floor some usually ardent highway spending advocates. A number to challenge Schlueter's highway funding proposals. Isn't it of transportation and oil industry lobbyists made appearances true, he asked Schlueter, that the Highway Department asked at Ways and Means hearings to speak against taxes rather for $1.2 billion next year? "If we vote for this bill, we will than for highways. David Ellis of the Texas Aggregates and not come anywhere close to the $1.2 billion," Eikenburg Concrete Association, for example, said, "If the Highway complained. Schlueter responded, "Any state agency asks for Department gets all the money they can stand, it may not twice as much as they need and expects to get half." benefit us." Although many of the concrete companies he A number of bills that passed in the House three days before represents would benefit from more road-building, the increase the end of the special session would institute mild reforms in the motor vehicles sales tax would hurt the companies. in highway department procedures. Cain sponsored a bill The industry is in a "retooling phase," he explained, and which would change the practices in buying right-of-way to is forced to buy more cement-mixing trucks. The sales tax "make sure we don't have to double-pay the big developers." would add $1,000 to the price of each truck, he said. He also sponsored bills to increase state revenue from fines David Fellers of the Texas Oil Marketers Association also on heavy trucks and to mandate repairing existing farm-to- urged legislators to proceed with caution. His group "is not market roads instead of building new ones. "These four or opposed to increased highway funding, but does believe that five bills put together have the potential to save the taxpayers there must be realistic accountability for any new taxes," he several hundred million dollars," he said. said. Fellers said the service stations across Texas were Chairman Lanier praised the measures as "tools which will "paying more than their fair share" to fund highways and help us be more cost-effective." He pronounced himself suggested a general sales tax increase "would be more "pleased with the results" of the special session. "Everybody appropriate." has been pretty cooperative," he said. "This is a lot of money, One of the most visible groups pushing for highway spending and we'll take this, and deploy it." Gene Robbins of Good this session was the Houston Chamber of Commerce. Roads told the Ways and Means Committee the highway "They've been out here long and hard and often," said Rep. funding plan was "reasonable" and "we are preparedto pledge David Cain (D-Dallas) a member of the Transportation our support." Committee. Colette Grinstead, lobbying for the Houston Chamber, said it had not been easy. "If it was just money All and all, things had gone well for the highway advocates. for highways, we could have gotten it very fast," she said. "THUMP THUMP" had worked. The legislators had been D. D. "But taxes are never an easy sell." - thumped by a thumping good lobby. • DIALOGUE • this pavement pastime quite. often results Where's the Cabbage? in violence, and sometimes death. In any event, it is not a skill that teachers should Now that's the good old Texas The dozens appreciate. Observer! Murphy D. Givens I'm talking about Bill Stouffer's In Regina Segovia's "Rising to the Corpus Christi factual, sensible but still hard-hitting Top," she said Jesse Jackson knew "that article ("Not Trying Very Hard," young black boys 'did the dozens' two 6/1/84) that tells the legislature how the blocks away. Doing the dozens meant cow ate the cabbage. they could string countless phrases in You guys should take copies over to rhyme to communicate. It was an ability Moved the House and Senate and stick them that somehow their teachers never After reading "AFTERWORD" in under the noses of members. appreciated." the Observer's June 15 issue by Regina Dick Henderson If my memory is well enough stored, Segovia "Rising to the Top," I felt like San Marcos `'doing the dozens' has very little to do running out and waving my flag for with poetry. It is a verbal contest Jesse Jackson. This day's return of Good books in every field involving an escalation of insults. The prisoners from Cuba convinces me .. . JENKINS PUBLISHING CO. object of the game is to be able to give I just might vote for J. J. . . . I am a The Pemberton Press W.A.S.P. (White Anglo-Saxon Protes- and receive up to a dozen insults (usually John H. Jenkins, Publisher involving one's maternal parent) without tant). losing your cool and stabbing your Mary Ruth Olson Box 2085 g3I Austin 78768 verbal antagonist. I have been told that McAllen THE TEXAS OBSERVER 9 High Tech, The Pentagon and Texas By Nina Butts

Austin college graduates. seek out enemy ships, planes, and IGH TECH for Texas. Almost "A lot of things the Defense Depart- submarines led to a relationship with the daily the newspapers print its ment buys . . . is from these companies Pentagon. praises; sung by government H with current technologies," says Frank 'In 1958, electronics was revolution- officials and corporate executives. Gov- McBee, Jr., president of Tracor, Inc., ernor Mark White travels the state ized when a TI engineer named Jack an Austin electronics firm that does half Kilby invented the integrated circuit. selling high tech and entreating commu- its business with the Pentagon and made nities to band together to entice it here. The first system to use integrated $24 million last year. "And I think the circuits was a military device, a small Mayor Henry Cisneros has built a state of Texas is wanting and will get reputation on his goal of luring new TI computer for the Air Force. "At the more and more industry of this kind. beginning a lot of the driving force for businesses, including lots of high tech, We have a good economic climate, we to San Antonio. Mayor Kathy Whitmire transistors and integrated circuits was have a good climatological situation basically the Minuteman envisions Houston with an economy here, we don't have — yet — a state based on "high technology research." [intercontinental nuclear missile]," says income tax on either people or corpora- TI spokesman Norman Neureiter. "That Last year, when Microelectronics and tions . . . we have minimal union was the whole challenge. Recently the Computer Technology Corporation activity in this state with regard to these civilian momentum has come on much (MCC) decided to set up headquarters kinds of companies, and in Austin, in more rapidly." here in Austin, local media gave the new particular, there is the University of Texas, which is a great asset to Now TI, with a dozen plants around corporation about the same attention that the state and facilities in 17 foreign a discovery of gold in the hills of Lake companies like that. A&M is another asset." countries, sells semiconductors, night Travis would draw, while in Dallas, a vision equipment, radar, and the High- city that had courted but failed to win Are the scientists at Tracor concerned Speed Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM) MCC, there was-a gnashing of teeth and about the morality of working for the to the military. TI's HARM contract is a committee appointed by the mayor to Pentagon — do they ask questions about for $7 billion spread over 10 years. find out what went wrong. the kinds of weapons systems they work A good example of a TI invention is Other voices, not as loud, question on? "I would say we've had three or four or maybe five people in our whole the hand-held, voice-controlled elec- the value of high tech for Texas. tronic repair manual that TI developed career who have had any kind of hang- Minority leaders wonder what kind of for Army recruits who work on M-1 up or concern like that," says McBee, jobs their people will be offered by an tanks. "We had the capacity to put who is 63 and helped found Tracor in industry that traditionally ships part of human speech into digital form," its work to facilities in Asia and Latin 1955 with associates from the Navy- Neureiter says. "We wanted to make funded Applied Research Laboratory at America, including El. Salvador, to be use of all this great speech technology. the University of Texas. "You get that done by low-paid women. Environmen- . . . This guy's in the field. Someone's • [concern] around and about universities. talists point out that high tech industry shooting at them — their tank has Employed people that are out in industry is no longer called "clean" in stopped and they don't have time to turn are not quite that tender about the California's Silicon Valley, where the to page thirty-nine in a manual. They matter. . . . Some of them think about poisonous chemicals necessary to the could call up repair instructions very manufacture of microchips have leaked it at Tracor, but they don't get all easily using speech." wrapped around the axle about it." into the air that workers breathe and the The director of the project, TI water that the whole community drinks, engineer John Harkins, explains,. "Some causing illness and birth defects. of these guys and girls have a real hard Add to this the fact that one of the INCE THE beginnings of the time reading, so this is to enhance best customers of high tech companies electronics industry, Texas has comprehension. It's a very integrated is the Pentagon. The military wants S been home to electronics manu- approach of applying technology and the advanced electronics for spying, target- facturers, and many of them do business human factor aspect." The little ma- ing, communicating; for "smart" mis- with the military. Texas Instruments chine, which TI will deliver to the siles, bombers, fighters, and tanks. The (TI), the premier high tech firm in the Defense Department for testing next alliance of business, government, and state, also is the second largest defense year, has a set of punch keys and a letter- education that has formed to pull high contractor in Texas. (The General number display but can also respond to tech to Texas is an alliance of bright, Dynamics fighter plane factory in Fort eight different voice commands, even accomplished people, many of whom Worth is the largest.) TI began as an in noisy places, and reply by voice and are willing to help make weapons for oil-exploration firm in Oklahoma in the pictures on its screen. "You plug it into money. These people offer clerical and 1920s, then settled in Dallas. During the hardware on the tank," Harkins factory jobs to the unemployed and World War II, TI's discovery that the says. "It can give oral warnings like careers in science and engineering to equipment that spotted oil could also `Hey! There's high voltage in this

10 JULY 13, 1984 area!' " A civilian version of the electronic repair manual should be ready by the end of this decade. The other grandparent of Texas high tech is Collins Radio, now part of the mammoth defense corporation Rockwell International. Collins has been in Rich- ardson since 1951 and was bought by Rockwell in 1973. The Collins division of Rockwell makes commercial elec- tronics and Navy communications sys- tems, including one called TACAMO, which stands for Take Charge and Move Out. TI and Collins have spawned dozens of smaller companies, including Dallas semiconductor maker Mostek. Mostek was bought in 1973 by the nation's third biggest defense corporation, United Technologies. Mostek subcontracts to supply microchips to other weapons builders, and Mostek spokesman Stan Victor says, "We want to expand our government market in the future." Lowry

Of the fifteen major high tech firms los in Dallas, five have large defense r Ca contracts — Rockwell, TI, Electrospace Systems, E Systems, and Northern by Telecom. ing Both Rockwell and Mostek are mem- Draw bers of MCC, the new research consor- Bobby Ray • tium in Austin dedicated to inventing a computer that can learn rather than just and extensive. UT will build a $20 Another recent Texas Business maga- follow instructions. The president of million building for MCC ($5 million zine article, this one written by two UT MCC is the retired Navy admiral, from UT, $15 million from private English instructors, lamented, "Too former head of the National Security donors) on UT land and rent it to MCC many graduates leave college today with Agency, and former deputy director of at a low rate. UT professors will do an education that doesn't meet the needs the Central Intelligence Agency, Bobby. consultant work there. UT gave math of industry and management." Ray Inman. Eleven of the 18 MCC professor Woodrow Bledsoe two years' "I am increasingly sensitive," Inman cooperating companies are major na- leave to run MCC's Artificial Intelli- told the Observer, "to criticism of tional weapons contractors: Control gence and Expert Systems, program. making universities trade schools. You Data, Gould, Honeywell, Lockheed, Both UT and Texas A&M promised hear that in some of the campuses. I Martin Marietta, Mostek (United Tech- think it's an unfair allegation. It does nologies), Motorola, National Semicon- MCC that they would expand their electrical engineering and computer not really appreciate or understand what ductor, RCA, Rockwell, and Sperry really fuels the economy of this country. Univac. In fact, three of the top ten science departments; UT has already made good with the establishment of 32 You stand back and look at our history defense contractors in the nation belong — we imported technology the first one one-million-dollar endowed chairs in to MCC. Inman insists that MCC will hundred years of our existence. . . . In accept defense contracts only to science, math, and engineering. The endowed chairs prompted UT President the heart of one of the darkest days of "accelerate" research projects that the republic, 1862, Congress .. . MCC has already initiated. "We are not Peter Flawn to predict that UT will have in the future a College of Engineering created the land grant colleges, laying a contract research house," he says. the basis for creating technology on a "second to none." very large scale. If you look at the years Flawn's prediction may have been a between 1865 and 1940, there was great response to Bobby Inman's much- growth in this country's Gross National LTHOUGH TEXAS BUSINESS publicized complaints about the Texas Product. MIT did .a study recently in has long been involved with education system. Recently Inman de- which they calculated that about eighty A weapons making and Texas clared, "We aren't beginning to produce percent of that growth came from academia has long been involved with the number of scientists,' engineers, and creating technology." Inman frequently weapons research, the coming of MCC mathematicians needed by current Texas refers to universities as the creators of to Texas represents a cementing of the industries." If Texas is "to be a leader technology and business as the appliers connections. in the high tech revolution," claims of technology. Inman, it must improve the school "University research is vital for Besides the $32 million for endowed attracting high tech companies," an system. "A first class school system magazine won't be cheap, but the tax base will chairs, UT also announced this spring article in Texas Business a new $6.5 million grant to the Com- declared a few months before the fight go up very appreciably and it will have a major role in attracting a whole range puter Science department from the Army to bring MCC to Austin. The university for research in artificial intelligence. commitments made to MCC are varied of industry to the state," he says. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 11 The grant specifies that, in addition to N DALLAS, there is a high tech task the research, UT will teach summer force appointed by Mayor Starke classes to Army computer scientists. I Taylor to figure out why Dallas "We will not be doing anything that didn't get MCC. It is headed by Irving is related to any specific weapons COPYINGinnys SERVICE ' businessman William Moore. Moore g system," UT computer science profes- told the Dallas Times Herald recently sor Gordon Novak said about the that one problem with Dallas is "this Copying • Binding project. "The Army wants to increase area doesn't have an educational plant Printing • Color Copying the pool of people available in the field. comparable to those in other major high The general quality of scientists in the tech areas like Boston and the Silicon Graphics •Word Processing U.S. helps the defense effort. . . . It [the Valley." grant] is going to be a benefit to the The State of Texas Economic Devel- Austin • Lubbock • Son Marcos students. When I was a student, I opment Plan, written under Governor worked at Tracor. Other students have Mark White's administration, notes, to work at fast food places. This is going "Efforts are very strong in the states to let them be paid to go to school. . . . to increase university-industry That's pretty nice." linkages." The document includes the Novak, who occasionally consults for goal of "developing the educational MCC, adds, "You can't find anything resources needed to qualify Texans for that's any good that doesn't have a jobs." military application. The DOD "A great deal is going on in junior [Department of Defense] funds a lot of and community colleges," said Linda work in engineering and science. Many Lewis at the governor's Office of things that the DOD funds are good Economic Development. "There can be things that are bringing results that a cooperative agreement with an indus- benefit everybody. Artificial intelligence try coming into a town. In an area where potentially has applications to the mili- they need workers right away and the tary as well as civilians — you could existing workforce is not qualified, they design better cars with it." can apply for Industrial Start-Up Train- Novak says that, as far as he knows, ing. The industry says that they want the six million-plus grant is the largest it. The Texas Economic Development single contract ever awarded to Com- Commission cuts a work order. The puter Science at UT. Texas Education Agency [the state's About the same time that work on the public school funding agency] meets Army grant begins, a new chancellor with the company and tries to custom What's of the UT system will take office: a, design training for that work force — It,,,111rAbout? former Secretary of the Air Force, Hans on site, at a local college, at a high Mark, who currently lives in Washing- school at night. , Industrial Start-Up Parisian Charm. Omelette & ton and holds the Reagan-appointed job Training money pays for materials, Champagne Breakfast. Beautiful of deputy director of National Aeronau- instructors — whatever is most benefi- Crepes. Afternoon Cocktails. tics and Space Administration (NASA). cial to the workforce and to the Gallant Waiters. Delicious Mark is a nuclear physicist and former company." Quiche. Evening Romance. chairman of the nuclear engineering This is the system that gives Lockheed Continental Steaks. Mysterious department at the University of Califor- Aerospace and Missile Company in Women. Famous Pastries. nia at Berkeley. Cognac & Midnight Rendezvous. Austin on-the-job training for its work- ers, using Austin Community College In short, it's about everything RONALD REAGAN IS WATCHING YOU teachers. a great European style ( on Reverse Side of T-Shirt) restaurant is all about. Slowly and almost invisibly, war Dealer T-SHIRTS electronics is staking out more territory Inquiries Tired of Reagan's Welcome Doublespeak? for itself in the Texas economy. A San Order Now! ksh ovn . _' Rod a Black Antonio city council member, in a recent WAR IS PEACE FREEDOM IS SLAVERY Silkscreened 2 Sides conversation about drawing high tech to (S, M, L, XL) S9 95 cafe IGNORANCE IS STRENGTH Post Paid Send San Antonio, was surprised by the 310 East 6th St. Check or m/o . suggestion that high tech companies Vote Republican Newspeak Designs Austin, Texas 1984 70 Greenwich Av invited to San Antonio might be defense Suite 410. NYC 10011 contractors. Defense-related high tech is not dramatic. It does not attract the curiosity and attention that the Pantex bomb Alander Associates factory in Amarillo or the fighter plane MANAGEMENT CONSULTANTS and helicopter plants in Fort Worth draw. The high tech weapons workers Box 111, Salisbury, Ct. 06068 do not make bombs or gun sights or missiles. They make circuit boards and Our services have been found to be of particular value to clients whose business software and computer terminals; they philosophies have become disarranged. make the brains of guns and bombs and missiles.

12 JULY 13, 1984 are screened again, and the ones who become employees receive three to six months of on-the-job A Case In Point training, supervised by other West- inghouse employees. We reimburse ECENTLY, Westinghouse trial Start-Up Training program. the company for the supervisors' Electric, the thirteenth big- wages." This year's budget for state The A&M employee who runs money for the Westinghouse pro- R gest Pentagon contractor in the start-up training at Westing- the nation, went looking for a place house, Robert Ellis, described the gram is $87,920. to put a new war electronics plant. program: "We first identify the "You can train so many people Westinghouse considered forty people who can apply. For 300 this way, and it costs so little," Ellis towns and cities around the country. people, we started with about 1500 said. "And the dropout rate is less Texas' College Station won. applicants. They have to have good than five percent. That's startling. "One of the big drawing cards vision because they'll be working A twenty-five percent attrition rate was Texas A&M," explained Bill with small, color-coded boards. We is common in industry." Sensibaugh, director of human give them three days of pre- "The first of the Industrial Start- resources at the College Station employment training in dexterity, Up Programs was in 1972 at the plant. pre-soldering, and assembly. The Westinghouse plant in Round Rock The plant opened in January classes are at night. Then we [also a defense contractor]," Ellis 1983, and approximately 300 of its recommend to the company some said. "There are six hundred com- workers, who produce printed cir- of those people. We're really avoid- panies that have moved to or started cuit boards for weapons and fighter ing a major problem for the com- in Texas in the last fifteen years. plane radar systems, have been pany here. Next they receive thirty Industrial Start-Up is one of the trained by Texas A&M using hours of on-site training, and they major incentives for them to settle money provided by the state Indus- are paid by the company. Then they here." N. R. Coalition Demands a PCB-free Gulf By Scott Lind

6 HE SPIRIT of the Frontera Audubon Society, Greenpeace 170 miles east-southeast of Brownsville American people is International and the Cousteau Society;. in December, 1981, and August, 1982. being discussed as wan- the States of Texas and Louisiana The Washington Post estimated that ing. But that's not the case with us, the through their respective attorneys gen- ChemWaste netted between $10 million people of the Rio Grande Valley," said eral; and fishers' and shrimpers' associ- and $25 million from those two research Sue Ann Fruge, spokeswoman for the ations all played roles in bringing about burns. Gulf Coast Coalition for Public Health. a change in direction by the Reagan "It's refreshing that the democratic On May 22, the Environmental Pro- administration-directed EPA. Independ- process still works," said Fruge. "It tection Agency (EPA) denied Chemical ents, Democrats and Republicans of the seems that in this day and age, most Waste Management, Inc. , research Rio Grande Valley flexed their political people are afraid to even attempt making permits which would have allowed the muscles and won a delay. a difference through work in the political corporation to incinerate 3 million What motivated Rio Grande Valley realm." gallons of PCB-laden wastes and citizens' concerns was anxiety over the possibilities of long-term contamination The EPA's move surprised virtually 250,000 gallons of U.S.. Defense De- everyone involved in the ocean incinera- partment stocks of liquid DDT, on board of the entire Gulf basin in case an incinerator ship's cargo should be tion issue. Jack Ravan, EPA assistance its ships Vulcanus I and II in the Gulf administrator for water, denied Chem- of Mexico. jettisoned. In an area intimately aware of problems associated with the wide- Waste the four research permits, noting The Gulf Coast coalition, (see TO, that the company had not even sought 2/10/84) while instrumental in mobiliz- spread application of pesticides, the prospect of contamination of the Gulf s research permits in the first place. Steve ing near-unanimous opposition among Shatzow, the EPA hearing officer at the Valley citizens to toxic-waste incinera- food chain through accidental spillages of PCB-laden wastes and the possible Brownsville EPA public hearing in tion in the Gulf, was not the only November, had counseled against grant- organization sharing the fruits of victory infiltration of partially combusted wastes into the marine system seemed more ing ChemWaste three-year special per- in that surprising decision. Valley mits for incinerating toxic wastes about Interfaith, a Texas Interfaith network than hypothetical contingencies. This was compounded by revelations of a month before the EPA's May decision; associate; conservation groups such as but he did advocate four "research" the state Sierra Club, the Valley's lawsuits filed in at least a half dozen states against ChemWaste and/or its burn permits. By the time Ravan made parent organization, Waste Manage- his decision, Shatzow had been trans- ferred to the EPA's pesticide division. Scott Lind is a reporter for The Monitor ment, Inc. ChemWaste had already in McAllen. conducted two "research" burns at a site Ravan credited his decision in part to THE TEXAS OBSERVER 13 .. the objections raised by thousands of incineration) as the means which should Valley citizens in the November EPA be utilized last. „ .. public hearing. Citizens' spokespeople - -T i The focus of attention now shifts from z- wanted no issuance of permits until after the Gulf coastal area to other regions definitive regulations governing ocean of the country, with different political incineration were promulgated and pre- ,-__ formations, where citizens may not be sented to the public for their input. 8 informed — or misinformed, depend- Ravan did not, however, close the door ing on one's point of view — on the to future ocean incineration permits, and pros and cons of ocean incineration. he said future research permits would Other areas might be more difficult for be necessary as further study is given competing groups to form a . regionwide to the issue. The assistance EPA consensus regarding ocean incineration. administrator for water, noting that The Rio Grande Valley, a semi-rural, "ocean incineration companies" had not semi-metropolitan area, stretching 80 originally applied for research permits, .40 4 miles from Mission in the west to South ..... It said it would not be fair to grant such Padre Island, is isolated in geographic permits without first holding another set and strategic ways from the rest of the of public hearings. United States. For some, the Valley "I'm saying to them [chemical waste might have seemed the most likely locale /0.4-4, /0mi..cz„,„„ incineration proponents] that there is in which to deal with this controversial clearly a lack of credibility, and there issue. Instead, the political calculus was at least a public perception that this worked the other way; shared political A dream with tears process had been predetermined," and social understandings helped forge For distant sons, Ravan said. "I was saying that wasn't a consensus against what came to be Who bleed beside their silent guns, true. We wanted a clear, open process. perceived as an overweening, outside Dead for our illusions, To the degree that that would allow the threat to Valley citizens' quality of life. chemical waste industry to build a U.S. Rep. Solomon Ortiz, D-Corpus Our paranoid conclusions. foundation for a base of trust, I think Christi, was unabashed in his declaration this will help them." that the democratic process was con- They tried so hard to be great men, Indeed, Ravan's decision to open the firmed by the EPA decision. "This But returned, EPA research and rules development shows our system of gbvernment process to outside environmental groups works. . . . I believe that if they [the Too soon, might help ocean incineration propo- EPA] hadn't had the hearings in To earth again. nents. Opponents of at-sea incineration, Brownsville, and if more than 6,000 How will it end? while expressing optimism as a conse- Valleyites hadn't shown up, it would be quence of Ravan's decision in their a different story. It just goes to prove favor, do emphasize that the May 22 that [public officials will respond] on Perhaps in a dream with little boys decision to disallow the four research any issue people are interested enough Filling the earth with their gentle joys, permits is only an interlude in the battle in, rallying behind that issue." In the last, sweet moments waged since ChemWaste first burned Ortiz, whom Gulf Coast coalition toxic wastes in the Gulf. 1984 is an members credited as the hardest-work- Of some dusty game ... election year, and the EPA has taken ing Congressman on the issue, said Before madmen set the world aflame. a renewed interest in doing some people. do need to be realistic about the lobbying for groups which previously need to handle toxic waste properly. felt shunned. It will not be until early "We do have millions of gallons of Tapestry w/multicolor design & poem ($15) 1985 before any future research permits chemical wastes stored, and we had calls are accepted for consideration by the from the other side, from industry and Qty EPA. In the meantime, at-sea incinera- from individuals who would like to see tion opponents will be drawn into uneasy the disposal of these chemicals. I believe T-shirt w/multicolor design ($12) dialogue with ChemWaste and other that when there's enough research done, 100% preshrunk cotton ocean incineration companies over pro- and it's proven not to be harmful to the Specify qty. S posed regulations governing at-sea burns ❑ M ❑ 1. ❑ XL ❑ public or marine life, the decision on and research schemes for future burns whether to grant incineration requests as the presidential campaign winds down name will be different.. However, at this time and votes are counted. it's premature to do any burning at sea." Ravan directed that a comprehensive address research plan should include other Ortiz said Ravan had been straightfor- incineration sites in the Atlantic and ward with Valley citizens and concerned Pacific oceans. At least one site already with doing what's right. "He has gained city state zip has been designated off the Maryland the confidence and the respect of the coast. At the same time, he ordered EPA people. It's very refreshing to have a staff to examine the merits of competing man like Jack Ravan." Send check or money order to: land-based and ocean-based incineration Fruge noted Valleyites' financial and THOUGHTS PUBLISHING CO. sites and whether ocean incineration is moral support of the Gulf Coast Harriet, AR 72639 actually necessary. The London Ocean coalition's lobbying efforts and near-100 (501) 448-5177 Dumping Convention, of which the U.S. percent support by elected municipal and is a signatory, defines ocean dumping county. officials. "We may have had a (and this by definition includes at-sea lot of setbacks in the past year and one-

14 JULY 13, 1984 half. But the one thing that hasn't been OBIN LAID OUT the timetable beaten out of us is our spirit." leading to renewed considera- T tion of research permit applica- Coalition member Deyaun tions as early as Winter 1985: EPA staff Boudreaux, alluding to inevitable future will arrive at proposed ocean incinera- conflicts, said, "There are so many tion regulations by August 23 of this avenues open to us, and we just have year, thereupon. to be weighed by public to pursue them and be a little tenacious groups and in public hearings which are at times." likely to begin in Fall 1984. Two studies Ocean incineration opponents ques- on land- and sea-based incineration tioned why the EPA had seemed to be would also be completed and released edging toward permitting ChemWaste to by November. incinerate 3 million gallons of PCBs for In November 1983, an entirely differ- research purposes. About 3 million ent scene presented itself to ocean The final gallons of PCB-laden wastes were incineration opponents. A lawsuit was assembly illegally stored at an Emelle, Alabama, filed against the EPA in Brownsville- of all U.S. nu- landfill operated by ChemWaste, and the U.S. District Court, requesting that an clear weapons takes ,..„ corporation is under state order to injunction be obtained to halt the EPA's place in the Texas Panhandle. remove the wastes. public hearing later that month on Houston has more oil company headquarters than any other city in Pat Tobin, EPA's director of the ChemWastes applications for three-year special permits for ocean incineration. the world. The whole state reeks of criteria and standards division, said it Sunbelt boosters, strident anti- was "purely coincidental," the relation The states of Texas and Louisiana, along with environmentalist, farmworker, unionists, political hucksters, and between the 3 million gallons stored and new industry and money. the 3 million gallons which would have community action and fishing industry associations, argued that the public been incinerated in the proposed re- THIS IS THE LOOK OF search burns. He said four shiploads could not meaningfully participate in the TEXAS TODAY and the Texas were necessary for adequate research public hearing if they had no ocean Observer has its independent eye and testing — and four shiploads incineration regulations with which to on all of it. We offer the latest in amounted to about 3 million gallons of compare ChemWaste's permit applica- corporate scams and political scan- PCB wastes. tions. U.S. District Judge Ricardo dals as well as articles on those Hinojosa, ruling without prejudice on who have other, and more humane, But Attorney Robin Alexander of the merits of the plaintiffs' arguments, visions of what our state can be. Texas Rural Legal Aid said, "It seems determined the lawsuit was premature, Become an Observer subscriber to- like a fairly peculiar coincidence to since the EPA's administrative route for day, order a gift for a friend, or in- me." Alexander represents the Gulf appeal had not been exhausted. When struct us to enter a library subscrip- Coast coalition. She questioned why Ravan came out May 22 with his tion under your patronage. 250,000 gallons of DDT was considered decision, Atty. Gen. Jim Mattox noted adequate for a research burn, while that Ravan's decision basically answered about 3 million gallons of PCBs were plaintiff's objections raised in the suit. necessary for the same types of environ- When Ravan decided in favor of the mental monitoring conducted during a EPA's promulgating ocean incineration Send the Observer to — research burn. "One can only conclude regulations, he also opened the door to it was because the PCB wastes were participation by the very same groups name there," she said. which earlier had felt excluded from an Tobin said his staff's reasoning, while internal, decision-making process be- address "simplistic," had a research-related tween EPA staff and ocean incineration proponents. For those groups that do not basis for why such amounts of PCBs were necessary in four shiploads. For question the general utility of ocean city state zip one voyage, the EPA wanted to place incineration as a viable alternative — if an incinerator stack extender on board its incineration standards are as rigorous to monitor better any release of as for land-based incineration sites — ❑ this subscription is for myself uncombusted particulates into the atmos- his invitation for open participation ❑ gift subscription; send card in my name phere, followed by a voyage without should be an encouraging sign. When ❑ $20 enclosed for a one-year subscription such an extender. In that manner, the Ravan also stated that alternative meth- ❑ bill me for $20 EPA could check findings from the two ods of destruction of toxic wastes should previous research burns which did not be further explored, it would seem he My name & address (if different) utilize an incinerator stack extender. He made friends of groups which advocate said that, unfortunately, the extender viable alternative methods. cannot be fitted and taken off during a But what of those groups which name voyage but only at the Mobile Bay port believe at-sea incineration can never be facility. Then another shipload would be acceptable since it would be nearly address necessary to monitor fully effects of impossible to contain accidental or ocean incineration on marine life. That intentional discharge of toxic wastes into city state zip study would require about 13 days ocean waters? By working out research duration, he said, and "we felt a methods with ChemWaste and other at- shipload seemed to be reasonable." sea incineration companies, will these THE TEXAS OBSERVER Then the Vulcanus II needed to conduct groups end up lending a legitimacy to a research burn of the 250,000 gallons a mode of toxic waste disposal they now 600 W. 7th, Austin, Texas 78701 of liquid DDT. unconditionally reject? ❑ THE TEXAS OBSERVER 15 (Advertisement)

A Puh' ,7. Service Message from the American Income Life Insurance Co.—Waco, Texas—Bernard Rapoport, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer

Too Big To Fail An Opinion

By Bernard Rapoport

I was born a little left of the Socialists but was raised a to the government and say, "Bail us out!" There is never any Socialist and then became a capitalist. With a little more than most essential requisite for a democracy, but certainly one six and a half decades of experience, I have come to. the firm of the attributes that must rank among the very highest is conclusion that capitalism is better than any of the other fairness. I wonder how the owners of a small bank that just economic alternatives. The reasons that I resort to expressing went under feel when they read about what the government my views through this editorial are twofold: first, I want to speak did so far as sustaining the giant banks. out against those happenings that threaten the capitalist I have a deep concern that in allowing corporations and system, and second, I am outraged at our government bailing government to get so large, especially in these days of out the giant U.S. banks through the loaning of money to unrestrained merging, that we will end up in a situation that Argentina to pay them the interest on loans that probably should this bigness will deny every salutary benefit that a capitalistic not have been made in the first place. society supposedly can provide. Each day competition is I am aware of the financial aspects with the International lessened, and too soon some of these giants will have all the ' Monetary Fund which supposedly provided the rationale for advantages of a private monopoly and total financial security the transaction. However, when it gets down to the bottom because our government will not be able to let them fail. Adam line — and certainly those of us that run substantial businesses Smith told us early that the unseen hand was a great regulator have an instinctive urge to get to that point as quickly as — this, of course, being competition. It appears to me that possible — there is but one conclusion: the American taxpayer we need another unseen hand to insure the preservation of has had to subsidize the giant banks. What concerns me the our capitalistic society — one that would insure a competitive most about this situation is that I don't believe there was economy. anything necessarily evil about what our government did. The • I am no economist, but how about a tax on gross sales tragedy is that our government and financial leaders concluded of businesses that do $100 to $150 million a year of 1% and that there was no alternative. Failure on the part of Argentina an increase of 1 0/0 on each hundred or hundred fifty million to pay the interest would in many instances have forced the dollars thereafter? That would do more to preserve our bank examiners to charge off or place in a doubtful category traditional capitalistic society than anything I know of. For those billions of dollars of loans that had been made to example, if you bought a car from a small automobile Argentina. manufacturer, the tax might be $100; and if you bought it from The conclusion of our leaders was simply this: these one of the giants, the tax might be $3,000 or $4,000. The particular banks were too large to be allowed to fail. point is that in order to preserve our economic democracy, In our country, thousands of small businesses go bankrupt we are going to have to establish certain rules to insure that all the time, and in my view,- that is the way that it ought to we will indeed have the kind of society that we want. be in a capitalistic society. Take a risk and if you lose — well, Proposals such as the one I have just outlined will bring you lose. If you win, your business prospers. The business outcries from so-called "worshippers" of efficiency, and they that is not well run should not prosper nor have government are the first to complain that any type of government action assistance in order to continue. If one wants to be a capitalist, deters efficiency. They, of course, always want favorable let him or her try and let the chips fall where they may. So government action for their particular business. Those why shouldn't this philosophy apply to the giant banks? Are worshippers of efficiency bring to mind the advice that Lord we at a stage where General Motors, Ford, Chrysler, Lockheed, Ritchie Calder gave us: "But we know how that efficiency has and IBM don't have to be concerned about survival or being a built-in tendency to take us rapidly where we will not want an efficiently run corporation? Can the managers of these giant to be when we get there." corporations, who in most instances are not even substantial To get profit without risk, experience without danger, and stockholders or owners of the corporations, have the comfort reward without work is as impossible as it is to live without of knowing that for them there is a safety net, i.e. the U.S. being born. So says A. P. Boethy. I don't know when he said government? If they should make a terrible blunder and find it, but I am positive that it was prior to the time the U.S. that their company is near insolvency, will they come running Government began bailing out failing businesses.

American Income Life Insurance Company BERNARD RAPOPORT Chairman of the Board and EXECUTIVE OFFICES: P.O. BOX 208, WACO, TEXAS 78703, 817-772-3050 Chief Executive Officer

16 JULY 13, 1984 The Broad Shoulders of a Good Man

By James Presley

Lalo Solis, long an important force the wrath of many Texans. Henry was way, which he felt was the American in San Antonio politics, died on June of Mexican descent. And he was a way — through politics. The practice 11 at the age of 86. The following is Catholic. Well, the issue in Austin that of politics, he knew, was too important excerpted from an eulogy delivered by day finally boiled down to whether to democracy for any American to his friend James Presley, now of Henry would even be permitted to speak ignore. Texarkana. — Ed. at the convention. That morning Henry "Politics are good, if you play 'em had just gotten into town from Ralls, clean," he told me. He insisted on out on the Plains, and finally in the "playing 'em clean" while at the same afternoon, as the hot late May sun cast time being a tough competitor. Maury San Antonio long shadows outside the auditorium, he Maverick, Sr. , once called him "my CONSTANT THEME in Lalo was invited to address the delegates for conscience." Solis's life and career was his fifteen minutes. Henry made a passion- ate, moving appeal that snapped the, by Starting in politics in the 1930's, Lalo A deep interest in the betterment waited twenty years for his first victory then, listless delegates to their feet. I of people — all people — and his as a campaign manager, when Henry lifelong participation in politics was think it was the best speech I ever heard Henry Gonzalez make, maybe the best Gonzalez won a seat on San Antonio's keyed to that abiding interest. He had city council in 1953. Their friendship a genuine, profound feeling for "the speech I've ever heard. In the next day's San Antonio Light, there was a picture had begun a few years before when little man" and you didn't have to be Gonzalez, a night school teacher, and around him long to realize this empathy. of Henry's being carried triumphantly through the tumult. If you go look up Lalo, a truck driver for the school The first time I ever saw Lalo Solis, system, met during a coffee break. I learned this. It was in 1958 at a that picture, you'll see that one of the political convention in Austin. I was a broad shoulders Henry rode on belonged "I told him," remembered Lalo, "if young Ph.D. student at the University to Lalo. Lalo's day had climaxed he ever had a friend running for public of Texas, 28 years old, and Lalo that successfully because Henry's had. That office, to let me know and I would help year would be twice my age, at 56 — was how Lalo was — always there, him. A few days later he told. me he slightly older than I am now. reliable, hardworking, letting others had filed for the state legislature. He asked me to be his campaign manager. I didn't know his name, but I couldn't take the limelight he labored to prepare. `Why don't you get someone who knows miss him as he worked his way along I went to that convention to observe. more about it?' I asked him. But he said the convention floor. A stout, greying, I left as an enthusiast, and I came to know Lalo — and Henry , — well that he wanted me and I told him I would olive-complexioned man in his middle do my best. So we started and we fifties with the shoulders of a stevedore, summer because I joined the campaign campaigned from that night to the runoff he stood out in that milling throng of and rode all over this huge state of Texas, as Henry's press man, general without missing a single day. He had business suits and white collars. Deliber- an old sedan and we spent $300 in all ately, he moved from group to group, jack-of-all-trades, and sometime driver. for the race, including the $100 filing from person to person, doggedly button- I had many long conversations with fee." holing delegates. A frown furrowed his Lalo, and we were soon fast friends. brows into ridges. Sweat dampened his He told me one day that summer, "A Even in defeat, the Gonzalez-Solis blue shirt at the armpits. His prominent lot of guys — some big shots — take team had won, for Gonzalez became the Indian nose and rock-like jaw jutted one look at me, • especially when I'm first candidate of Mexican descent to forward as if carved from the granite wearing my khakis, and they say, 'Well- reach the runoff in a local legislative on Mount Rushmore. His face symbol- 1-1, what's this guy? He's just a truck election. It was the optimistic prelude ized intensity. driver!' and they don't think I know to a series of successful Soils-coached what I'm talking about. And that's right campaigns. Soon his candidate for Lalo and others had gone to that county commissioner, Albert Pena, Jr., convention hoping to gain an endorse- — I do drive a truck. But lots of times I've been right, when they weren't." was in the courthouse. Gonzalez went ment for Henry B. Gonzalez, then in on to become the first Texas state the state senate, in his race for governor Lalo Solis was one of the true, unsung heroes of American politics. I soon senator of Mexican descent and, in that summer. But Henry's was a contro- 1961, the first such man in Texas to versial name at that time, for reasons learned that our long, tiring summer was become a Congressman. that today may seem archaic to a only a chapter for Lalo in a larger, younger generation. He had filibustered personal, continuing one-man campaign Race, culture, creed, education, bank against a series of segregation bills in for a world free of discrimination. He account meant nothing to Lalo in judging the Texas Senate, and in 1958 that was had been, for a long time, doing a man. "Will he keep his word? Can not only a first, it had brought down something about prejudice in his own you trust him?" he wanted to know. He THE TEXAS OBSERVER 17 was short on theory; about practical As a young man he wandered as a the right city! democracy he knew more than many an laborer through the Middle West and Nearing retirement, his seven chil- intellectual with a Ph.D. degree. No then eastward as far as Pennsylvania and dren grown and he a silver-haired doubt that was why his admirers at St. West Virginia. Because he was fluent grandfather in his mid-sixties, Lalo and Mary's University bestowed a Doctor in English, he became an interpreter his wife Teresa bought a little downtown of Politics honorary degree upon him. when working with other Mexican cafe of their own. To no one's surprise, Americans, which earned him a higher ROWING UP, Lalo and his Lalo's Cafe displayed political banners wage. Toward the end of World War friends suffered discrimination. and placards along with culinary spe- I he served in the Army. When World Born Hilario Garda Soli's in cials. The cooking, under the direction G War II broke out he was married, with San Antonio in 1902, he was the fourth of Mrs. Soli's, was definitely a family, and too old to be drafted, but of eight children born to immigrants authentically Mexican, but, typically, he volunteered and served anyway. from Mexico. Signs in cafe windows his candidates faced no racial or cultural when he was young warned, "No Dogs Segregation was un-American to him. tests, whether they were chicano, An- or Mexicans Allowed." He knew first- My mind goes back to those coffee- glo, Black, or, as in one case, Chinese. hand what it is to be an underdog. He drinking sessions we used to have at Lalo leaves us a rich heritage that first learned English in the public Tony Kawazoe's Cafe on the West Side. persists, that continues to be a part of Schools of San Antonio, which he had Lalo would call G. J. Sutton to join us. us, that lives in us. It will not die until to quit to go to work before he entered Tony would sit at our table and we we let it die. These memorably positive high school. would talk politics. An outsider might qualities that we celebrate in his life we He liked to speak Spanish. "We have said we symbolized some sort of also can pass on to others, so that on taught all the kids Spanish first; then cultural ecumenism. Each of us repre- a day like this, in a far year, when we they learned English in school. Then sented a distinct segment of our Amer- reach a place like this, someone will they can have both Spanish and English. ica: Lalo, a chicano; G. J., a black; remember that we, too, in our way At home, we always use Spanish. That's Tony, of Japanese descent; I, a white helped make the world a little better and good. Lots of people don't want their Anglo of Scotch-Irish and other blends, that we passed on some of these children to speak Spanish." It wasn't a bona fide WASP. What a terrific qualities. That is one of the reasons we that way in his family. fusion ticket we might have fielded in are here today. ❑ • POLITICAL INTELLIGENCE •

for Gramm" group. "One thing they'll standpoint about occupational safety and Demo Desertion have goin' for them is experience," he health." The nomination now goes to It comes as no great surprise that said. "The same experience of the the Senate for confirmation. fundraisers for the Democratic primary Democrats for Clements committee — campaigns of Kent Hance and Bob the experience of losing." V Last month the National Campaign Krueger have become finance chairmen Against Toxic Hazards listed the San of Republican Phil Gramm's campaign Populist President? Jacinto Pits in Evergreen, Texas, as one of 43 toxic dumps across the country for the U.S. Senate. During the Demo- For years the former Olympian Bob that the EPA has mysteriously left off cratic primary, there was no end of Richards toured the country promoting its priority cleanup list. The dumps were recrimination-in-advance by Krueger Wheaties as the Breakfast of Champi- judged "sufficiently dangerous" by the and Hance supporters against Texas ons. Now the pole vaulter from Waco EPA's own standards to be included, progressives (see "Dialogue," TO, is championing an unappetizing brand according to the environmental group. 3/9/84) for the presumed desertion of of politics that is enough to ruin progressives after a primary victory by anyone's breakfast. With the backing of V H. L. Mitchell, co-founder of the Krueger or Hance. Instead, of course, the far-right Liberty Lobby, Richards Southern Tenant Farmers Union, has the deserters are Walter Mischer, Jr., announced in late June that he is tired brought to the attention of the Observer of Houston and Allied BancShares, who of Ronald Reagan's economic policies an important U.S. Supreme Court will transfer from his position as Hance and is running. for President as a third decision upholding Hawaii's right to finance chairman to that of Gramm party candidate. It's true he's not likely break up land holdings of multinational finance chairman, and L. D. Brinkman to be much of a spoiler. But this leaves corporations and to redistribute them of Kerrville and San Antonio, who led a sour taste: he is calling his party the among the tenants. Praising the decision fundraising for Krueger in 1978 and Populist Party. for opening up the possibility of land 1984 and will be finance chairman of V Former Austin lawyer Robert reform in the United States, Mitchell the Democrats and Independents for Phil says: "Perhaps the U.S. Supreme Court Gramm Committee. No great surprise, Rowland is Ronald Reagan's choice to head the Occupational Health and Safety now points the way to restore the land as Mischer has long been a funder of held by multinational corporations to the Ronald Reagan and John Tower cam- Administration. Rowland, who has long been active in Republican politics, was people who are willing and able to work paigns. But during the last year, who for it, for the benefit of all Americans, were they trying to fool? immediately welcomed by business groups, including the U.S. Chamber of and not just the private profit of a few." ri Mischer's and Brinkman's desertion Commerce. But Dr. Sidney Wolfe, The Southern Tenant Farmers Union, probably was no shock to Lloyd Dog- director of the Naderesque Health which has supported and fought for the gett. In his address to the state Demo- Research Group in Washington, told the rights of landless farm people since its cratic convention June 16, Doggett Wall Street Journal Rowland "doesn't foundation, recently celebrated its 50th predicted the formation of a "Democrats know very much from a scientific anniversary.

18 JULY 13, 1984

v When Mark White included in his the tax would raise three-and-a-half expanded call the transfer of funds from billion dollars. She doesn't buy the the Public Utility Commission to the argument that it will drive corporations OPEN MONDAY- SATI'RDAY ID-6 AND ,)PEN SI;NDAY 10- Office of Public Counsel (OPC), it out of Texas. "Forty-six other states looked like OPC director Jim Boyle have it," she said, "where they gonna would be getting some of the money he run to?" WATSON & COMPANY needs to expand his staff to take on an V In one of the many oratorical high expanded agenda fighting utilities on points of the special session, state Rep. behalf of Texas consumers (TO, Torn Uher (D-Bay City) got up and 6/29/84). The bill for the fund transfer BOOKS appealed to his colleagues' consciences met little resistance in the Senate and not to raise taxes on cigarettes. "Think was geared for a swift run through the of the people who enjoy smoking," he 604 BLANCO STREET (PECAN SQUARE) 472.4190 House Appropriations Committee. But said. "These are people who are the process shorted out when House oftentimes poor people, with low in- Speaker Gib Lewis, instead, sent the bill comes, and for many this is the only to the State Affairs Committee, where pleasure they will enjoy all day." The complete personal and business insurance it barely passed, 5-4, leaving it three House went ahead and raised the tax on short of the votes needed for a commit- cigarettes by two cents a pack. ALICE ANDERSON AGENCY tee recommendation to the full House V Digging into his bag of political . 808-A East 46th with just three days to go before the end P.O. Box 4666, Austin 78765 tricks, President Reagan recently pulled of the special session. What a friend the (512) 459-6577 out what appeared to be a real rabbit the utilities have in Lewis. when he used the report "A Nation at V In his June 21 press conference, Risk" to claim that the report recom- Governor Mark White speculated that mended tuition tax credits for private and Associates large growers in California were respon- schools, merit pay for teachers, prayer 2306 Lake Austin Blvd. sible for the Panetta amendment to the Austin, Texas 78703 • in public schools and dismantling the REALTOR 4! Simpson-Mazzoli bill. The amendment U.S. Department of Education. But, (1) Representing all types of properties in Austin and Central Texas provides for the reinstitution of the according to Dr. Anne Campbell, a Interesting & unusual property a specialty bracero program in the agricultural member of the panel responsible for the b- 477-3651 industry with few requirements concern- report, the rabbit turned out to be an ing the availability of a domestic work illusion. The report made no such accounts force to do the work for which these recommendatons. Campbell, who is also Ronnie Dugger: "Heard's of the Bees in hiding are the pure gold "guestworkers" are shipped in. Said a conservative Republican, accuses of real history." White, "I don't think we need Reagan of attacking public schools in guestworkers in Texas." order to further his own political agenda, Bryan Woolley (Dallas Times all the while ignoring concrete panel Herald): "It ought to be right beside V During the state Senate debate on the the Alamo books." composition of the State Board of proposals. Education, Sen. Buster Brown (R-Lake Reagan's claim that his administration "The Miracle of the KILLER BEES: Jackson) proposed election of the chair is reforming education by focusing on 12 Senators Who Changed Texas Politics" of the board by a plurality. Oscar Mauzy violence, drop-out rates and truancy is by Robert Heard (D-Dallas) said it looked like Brown and more window-dressing. As the put it, "The vio- Honey Hill Publishing Co. Jesse Jackson were in agreement on such Oklahoma Observer 1022 Bonham Terrace, Austin, Texas 78704 things. "You and Jesse Jackson [also] lence report released by the Reagan $7.95 plus $1.03 tax and shipping agree that black people and white people administration was based on shockingly should be treated differently," Mauzy out-of-date data that even Reagan's said during the Saturday evening session supporters in education repudiated. The in the Senate. "Only you won't agree administration is actually increasing the on how they'll be treated." Mauzy said drop-out rate due to cutbacks in pro- that if Jackson and Brown drove around grams for slow learners and poor the state campaigning together, "I have children. The truancy ploy is the latest a hunch. Reverend Jackson will be in rabbit out of the White House hat but the back seat and you will be in the front educators say they don't know what it seat." means." During the same debate, Sen. John Leedom (R-Dallas) complained of the Correction lobby pressure for an appointed board In its June 29, 1984 article of education. Kent Caperton (D-Bryan) "Congress Considers Salvador Ref- BEHIND THE TARPON INN replied: "If you want to avoid those ugee Bill," the Observer got Rep. PORT ARANSAS — OPEN DAILY pressures, I suggest you get into another John Moakley's (D-Mass.) first line of work." name wrong. V The proposal to institute a corporate income tax in Texas got a smattering of votes in the special session. Sixteen House members voted to tax corpora- Life Insurance and Annuities tions with over $10.000 in profits, and Martin Elfant, CLU twelve members voted to tax million- 4223 Richmond, Suite 213, Houston, TX 77027 Sut;re OF CANADA dollar corporations. Co-sponsor (713) 621-0415 Senfronia Thompson (D-Houston) said THE TEXAS OBSERVER 19 • BOOKS AND THE CULTURE • Morris in Mississippi

By Mary Lynn Kotz

Oxford, Miss. good ol' boys-to-be swarm around purpose of the course was to teach them T'S NOT EXACTLY Elaine's, but Morris, their mentor and friend, things about the mind of the working the Warehouse is a proper pub, and shouting above the beer and hard-rock American novelist." I Willie Morris and his friends hang din of a college hangout. Willie Morris Michael Burke, president of Madison out here. Willie, who used to hold court presides over a table, just as he once Square Garden, came to talk about his in Elaine's during his days as editor of did in New York. William Styron has friendship with Hemingway. Another Harper's, is known now as the Literary joined him here, and John Knowles, and guest speaker was Motee Daniels, Lion of Oxford. Now and then, some James Dickey — who brought a whole Faulkner's bootlegger. And Dean Faulk- of the old crowd from Elaine's even suitcase full of poems and stories that ner Wells, whose father, killed in a come down to join him in his den — he called his "magic box" — and plane crash before she was born, was after they have spoken to his classes in Winston Groom and George Plimpton, Faulkner's younger brother, came to contemporary American literature or among others. They come down, some talk about "Pappy" — her uncle, the magazine writing at the university. for free, to talk about their writing. The novelist. (One day in 1957, she burst This is the Oxford where novelist writers really come to Oxford because into his workroom, usually a sacrosanct William Faulkner mined his Nobel of their friendship with. Willie and their place. "Pappy, Pappy, I've got the Prize-winning treasures. Morris, the fascination with Faulkner. greatest news," she said. "An Ole Miss enfant terrible of the New York literary Willie's students are ecstatic about the girl has just been crowned Miss Amer- scene during the Sixties, who wrote in course. Harriet Riley, of Meridian, ica." North Toward Home that his intellectual Miss., a journalism major, told me, "Well, Missy," Faulkner replied. home was in New York, has come to "My brother went to graduate school "At last somebody has put Mississippi his native Mississippi, on the trail of in English at Berkeley. He couldn't on the map!") Faulkner's muse. believe I'd actually met those writers. Faulkner — his spirit, his vision and "I agreed to come for one semester `Styron?' he said. 'You've got to be painful understanding of the albatross of as writer-in-residence at Ole Miss," kidding!' " racial hatred around the neck of the says Morris. "I had no idea that I'd be Morris admits that the reading list for South — permeates Willie's classes. The here for four years. But I fell in love the graduate-level course is rather writers who come to Oxford to join with Oxford. It's a good ol' working eclectic. The students ploughed through Willie in enlightening the students come country town, enhanced by the palpable eighteen books a semester ("I thought to Faulkner's shrine, as well. _Willie sophistication of the university. I'm that was a lot when I began," said Riley. takes them and the students for seminars staying on next year, as journalist-in- "Now there are about fifty more I want on the grounds of Faulkner's serene residence, because it's a pleasant place to read.") on a list that — in addition antebellum estate, Rowan Oak, where to live and a good place to work. I love to Faulkner, Fitzgerald, and they sit beneath the ancient cedars and it for the same reasons Faulkner did. Hemingway — included John Knowles, magnolia trees and beside the roses in "After all, it is home," he . adds, A Separate Peace; James Jones, The the formal gardens Faulkner designed sipping on a Moosehead beer at the Pistol; James Dickey, Deliverance; himself. Warehouse. Winston Groom, Better Times Than "I'll never forget John Knowles, These; William Styron, Lie Down in Just off the Courthouse Square, where wandering around Rowan Oak," said Darkness, Sophie's Choice and The Cindy Till, a petite blonde broadcasting a marble-white Confederate soldier still Long March; Walker Percy, The faces due South, the Warehouse was just major from Jackson, Miss. "Just Moviegoer; Irwin Shaw, The Young Knowles and Willie and Pete, Willie's that while Faulkner was alive. Now, the Lions; Robert Penn Warren, All the rough-planked building houses dog. It was like they were on hallowed King's Men; Truman Capote, Breakfast ground." boutiques, two restaurants, a bookstore, at Tiffany's; Mark Harris, Bang the a photo studio, and a bar where Ole Miss Drum Slowly; Eudora Welty, The Pon- "Willie loves Faulkner," reported John Morgan, another student, rotund sorority sisters in running shoes and der Heart; Budd Schulberg, What Makes shorts (and hairspray and mascara) and like Willie and a frequent drinking Sammy Run. buddy at the Warehouse. "He has taught Mary Lynn Kotz is a Washington "I wanted them to experience the us how to see the South as Faulkner saw journalist, author of Upstairs at the variety and diversity of U.S. writing," the South. He has taught us how White House, Marvella, A Personal he said. "Also, I structured the list southern people relate to stuff, and he Journey, and (with Nick Kotz) A Passion around people who could come down has taught us how to see ourselves as for Equality. here and people I knew well. The southern people."

20 JULY 13, 1984 Willie would happily spend the whole HE NOVEL Willie is writing, to In the Warehouse, Willie holds forth year talking about his idol, but he allows be published by Doubleday, is after class, swapping stories with the that the students think that Styron, not T set in a little Mississippi town students, memorizing sensations and Faulkner, is the greatest American during the Korean War. Its title is Taps. quotes for his own future writing, but novelist of the Twentieth Century. mainly giving of himself: "Being with Styron — whom Willie calls "Stingo" "I was in high school in Yazoo City when they really started sending the them both exhilarates and saddens me," — has been to Ole Miss twice to talk he says. "I am thrilled by their exuber- to Willie's classes. He has told them bodies back. Another boy and I always played taps at the military funerals," he ance and energy and intelligence — the about the autobiographical strains in best students here are as good as the Sophie's Choice — he did know a Sophie says. best students anywhere and they don't in a boardinghouse in Brooklyn. And As writer-in-residence at the univer- have the blast attitudes you have in the how he'd drop little greeting cards sity, Willie Morris has found writing in East. But it saddens me to look at them, among his prose, for his friends. (A his own small residence most produc- because they are so young. They don't reference to Yazoo City, Mississippi, tive. During these Ole Miss years, he know the terrible shit ahead — you for example, was for Willie.) He told wrote The Courting of Marcus Dupree know, the blows life has in store for them about what he intended in the (Doubleday, 1983), primarily about them." football's most promising and impetuous novel, how he approached his subject Willie has had his share of losses: young star, which he calls "the story and he left them spellbound and in- Both his parents and some of his closest spired. of a middle-aged white man .and a teenaged black football player who get friends have died; his former wife, And then, of course, there are the together in a town where three civil Celia, has remarried; his friendship with stories from Morris himself. He is not rights workers were murdered in 1964." Barbara Howar, inspiration for The Last a teacher, he insisted, he is a storyteller. The book is about social change in of the Southern Girls, is over; he lost Willie told them about the time he Mississippi and how sports has become his job as editor of Harper's, which he and Robert Penn Warren were inducted a metaphor for that change. This spring, held dear. as fellows into Silliman College at Yale, Morris, for writing Dupree, won the He shares with his students the stories speaking to about fifty students who 35th Annual Christopher Award for about James Jones, for example, whose were interested in writing. One asked, "artistic excellence in books, films, or death in 1977 still grieves Willie. What "Why do such seemingly civilized men television specials that affirm the highest Willie gives the students is what he gave come from such a barbaric region as the values of the human spirit." James Jones and other old friends who South?" and Warren answered, "I'm Early this year, bookstores also began go out of their way to see him in Oxford, sick and tired of hearing that question distributing Always Stand In Against the as well as the old Harper's crowd — from Yankees. I suppose my answer has Curve and other stories from Morris's Larry L. King, Marshall Frady, David to do with inoculation against hook- past, written at Ole Miss and published Halberstam, et al., who come in to speak worm!" by Yoknapatawpha Press, as was to his class in the journalism department Willie Morris has had the range of Terrains of the Heart, And Other Essays — a quality of caring. experience to make the course meaning- on Home, in 1981. Yoknapatawpha, To his surprise, the native son who ful to the students, with or without the located in Oxford and owned by Dean was so troubled about his state during visiting authors. A native of Yazoo City, Faulkner Wells and her husband Larry, the Sixties has found a new affinity for Miss. , far to the south of Oxford, he has also reprinted in paperback Morris's the Mississippi of the Eighties. "The gained his degree in English at the Good Old Boy: A Delta Boyhood, and state has changed in twenty years," University of Texas in 1956. Following North Toward Home, which continue to Willie says, "enough to make it beara- a four-year stint at the other Oxford as be sold out as soon as they are ble. Race is no longer obsessive — the a Rhodes Scholar studying history, he distributed. The Wellses are reprinting albatross around the necks of both edited the Texas Observer from 1960- North Toward Home, which moved a whites and blacks. There's been a 1962, went to New York to work for generation of expatriates (and educated liberation of sorts. These are historic Harper's as associate editor, then served a generation of northerners) in a hard- times for the Deep South — especially there as editor from 1967 to 1971. In cover edition this fall. for Mississippi." addition to North Toward Home in 1967, he wrote Yazoo in 1971; one novel, The Last of the Southern Girls; and a children's book, Good 01' Boy. He put together James Jones' notes and tapes to finish Whistle, on which Jones was .4AIL working when he died, and wrote James 4 Pt Jones, a Friendship, in 1979. Recover- lip. .T CHEESE ing from the loss of a friend, he came South partially to recapture his own literary soul. .40"itiwt, CAKE Morris moved to Oxford from A Bridgehampton, Long Island, where his ... .,-..Vir) neighbors and friends — the late Irwin ON THE RIVERWALK rime Shaw, Truman Capote, Kurt Vonnegut, SERVING SANDWICHES TO SEAFOOD, 1 Wilfred Sheed, Craig Claiborne, 4 FROM 11:30 UNTIL 11:30 Knowles and Plimpton, Joseph Heller, EVERY DAY OF THE WEEK; 4kartproo and A. J. Liebling, and the late Jean Stafford — were mostly the writers who OPEN 'TILL MIDNIGHT now figure largely in his literature IN THE METRO CENTER, SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS (loud course. THE TEXAS OBSERVER 21 Coming back after years of exile, Meredith in this Deep South university family's black servant, the model for his Willie sees a revolution: "Who would in 1962. A black cheerleader at Ole Dilsey, "who endured," who worked have imagined, fifteen years ago, that Miss, or example, caused a national for the writer's family until she died at you'd ever go to a Southeastern Confer- flurry last year when he refused to unfurl the age of 100 — and then lay in state ence basketball game and watch ten a Rebel Flag at a football game. in Rowan Oak. black players on the court at one time? Willie, however, does not paint an Or a bunch of black Cub Scouts helping all-rosy picture of the South for his Willie says, "I have a recurring image the cheerleaders in the stands? Or white students. "He makes us realize that of running into Mr. Bill in front of Shine coeds embracing a victorious Elston Mammy Callie's daughter still goes to Morgan's Drug Store. 'Well, Morris,' Turner, a black All-American for- the ice house to get water," said student he says, 'let's go sit on the front porch, ward?" John Morgan, who grew up in Oxford. have a little whiskey and talk about "And you can go out a couple of miles what's been hap'nin' in Mississippi Willie shakes his head in wonder. since I left.' " There has been visible change since into Beat Two, and find people not even Federal troops were called in to quell living in the Twentieth Century." Willie Morris, who is now home

rioting at the enrollment of James "Mammy Callie" was the Faulkner again, could tell him. ❑

those years." Suddenly the young Louisiana • pitcher with the fearsome curve turns up on the TV screen, now as a major leaguer with the Chicago Before the World Seizes U Cubs. The lefty has hung on to his "wisp of immortality," still breaking curve By Dave Denison balls over the plate while his former opponents grow old. MERICAN MEN, especially being. "autobiographical." In "The OME OF THE material in Always those who were boy athletes, Fumble" Morris has a little fun with Stand In will be familiar to those A hold nothing so dear as boy- his past, pitting his high school football who remember North Toward hood. To be a grown man is too team, the Yazoo City Choctaws, against S Home. "The Phantom of Yazoo" was weighty, too tiring, sometimes too the biggest and meanest team in Missis- originally published in the New Yorker, boring. But to be a boy, running fleet- sippi, and putting himself in the critical and later became a section in Morris's footed through the outfield, single- play with fifty seconds left. well-known memoir. Morris's concern minded about a sinking line drive and with place will be familiar, too. "The little else! That was freedom. To become ALWAYS STAND IN Search for Billy Goat Hill," the final attached to simple things, such as a solid story in the collection, is about what wood bat or a well-worn leather mitt! AGAINST THE CURVE time hath wrought on old familiar That was good living. By Willie Morris places. "This yearning for some palpa- Willie Morris's latest book is in honor Yolcnapatawpha Press, 1983 ble touch with the physical past is deep of those good days. Always Stand In 116 pp. $12.95 and primal," he writes. . Against the Curve is a collection - of So Willie came back after many years seven sports stories; three are drawn to visit Austin, Texas, and to wander from Morris's boyhood memories of In "Always Stand In Against the Curve" Morris writes about his first the campus like an alien, looking for football and baseball in the Mississippi the beloved baseball field he knew so delta and the others are each in some confrontation with the breaking ball. As an adolescent on Mississippi's cham- well as a member of the University of way about the pangs of watching those Texas squad. "I had been looking easy days slip away. pionship American Legion team, he travels to Baton Rouge to face the forward to this, for I have forever been Morris writes in the foreword that he Louisiana champions. "The game is haunted, obsessed even, by coming back likes to think of himself "in body and etched in my memory, as indelible as to known places, by absorbing the in spirit, as I was on a summer's first love," he writes. The pitcher for precise textures of vanished moments, afternoon when I was seventeen years the Louisiana team had a fearsome curve as if the simple act of the wanderer's old. . . . Surely there is a wisp of ball. "Confronting a great curve at reappearance would postpone the tide of immortality in us then, poised at that sixteen is one of life's memorable mortality." juncture before the world seizes hold of junctures, almost sexual in its intensity, Of course nothing was as he remem- us." and there is no full expectation of it, bered it. "Why, Texas, did you let it He tells of his friend Larry L. King, and no one can prepare you for it, not get so big so quickly?" he asks who asked for a tryout for the football even yourself." Despite coaching advice plaintively. He tries to soothe himself team after he got a Nieman Fellowship to "stand in" Morris strikes out four with "the quizzical speech" he had once to Harvard. King was 41 years old. times; but that is not really the point heard given by the Queen of England: Morris understood very well what it was here. His Mississippi all-stars go home "The past is no longer with us, the that made King do it, he tells us, "and vanquished, and he takes us quickly present is here today, and the future is I hope this little book will help the reader through the decline of his baseball days. yet to be." . understand, too." He ends the story with a scene many Ah, but the past is very much with The seven stories are not just sports years later: He is in Houston watching Willie Morris. These wistful stories stories — they reflect Morris's larger a televised major league game. He has bring it back, recreate it, hold onto it. concerns set in the arena of past a six-month-old child; his concerns are His stories stand in against the rush of triumphs and defeats. The closest one more complex now. He lounges on the time, but not without the knowledge that to a simple sports tale is "The Fumble," floor "absorbing again the satisfying old eventually the strikes are called and the described as a "novella" — the others nuances of the sport I had forgotten all side is retired. .. • ❑ 22 JULY 13, 1984 paiswaimmimisminow4wswamemmomminw-- Ty • SOCIAL CAUSE CALENDAR • otices of future events must reach the Amarillo -- 8/3. Call the contact numbers DALLAS &server at least three weeks before the for schedules of the other groups. ACLU, 651-7897; ACORN, 823-4580; vent, WOMEN'S LEGAL HOTLINE Alliance for Mental Recovery, 436-1660; Amiss. for Demo. Action, 368-8931; THE WOBBLIES The Women's Advocacy Project, a non- Armadillo Coalition, 349-1970; Bois d'Arc ,The Wobblies, a play written by Stewart profit organization based in Austin, is Patriots, 827-2632; Bread for the World, Joe and Peter Rubilotta, about Big Bill operating a statewide toll-free Women's Haag, 741-1991x298; Casa America Libre, wood's conspiracy trial of 1917 in Legal Hotline. The hotline, which offers 942-9413; Ctzns. Assn. for Sound Energy cago, will open on July 12 at 8 p.m. free legal advice and counseling to women (CASE), 946-9446; Ctzns. Party, 352-1239; the Dougherty Art Center, Austin. throughout Texas, focuses its services on Clean Air Coalition, 387-2785; Comanche sex discrimination issues. The number is Peak Life Force, 337-5885; Cmte. in Solidar- kShows are $5 and will run July 12 - 15, 1-800-221-FAIR. ity with the People of F,1 Salvador, 375-3715; t9 -22 and 26- 29 at 8 p.m. and also 2 p.m. Dallas Area Bilateral Nuclear Freeze Coali- :;en Sundays. For more information call OBSERVANCES tion, 324-1972; Dallas-Ft. Worth Solar N77-024. Energy Assn., 522-2816; Dallas Friends July 13, 1863 — Anti-draft riots in New Service Group, 321-8643; Dallas Gay Alli- Pesticide Awareness York City. ance, 528-4233; Dallas Inter-Religious Task Workshop July 14 — Bastille Day Force on Central America, 375-3715; Dallas The Texas Pesticide Project of the Texas Nuclear Freeze toalition, 324-1972; Dallas — First nationwide rail July 16, 1877 UN Assn., 526-1853; E. Dallas Nghbrhood enter for Rural Studies, the Dallas Sierra strike begins. b, the Texas Committee on Natural Assn., 827-1181; Environmental Health July 19, 1848 — First U.S. women's ,Resources, and Bluebonnet Natural Foods Assn., 620-0620; Fellowship of Reconciliation rights convention held, Seneca Falls, New (FOR), 370-3805; Fredrick Douglass Voting Grocery will sponsor a pesticide awareness York. League, 426-1867; Hard Times News, 942- op,p covering less hazardous alterna- 4236; Human Ecology Research Foundation, dive 'Methods to safe indoor pest control July 28, 1868 — 14th Amendment, 620-0620; Humanists of North Tx., 381-1818; guaranteeing due process to all but Native k'on July 18. Admission is free and the Lawyers' Alliance for Nuclear Arms Control, workshop will run from 7-9:30 p.m. at Americans, ratified. 43 Charles St., Suite 3, Boston, 02114; Lesbian

the Walnut Hill Recreation Center, 10011 August 1, 1917 — Industrial Workers Rights Task Force (Dal. Co. NOW), 742- Midwa.y Road in Dallas. Participants are of the World leader Frank Little lynched 6918;' Neighborhood Info. & Action Service, to register in advance. For inforrna- in Butte, Montana. 827-2632; N. Lake Col. Solar Club, 659-5254; asked N. Tx. Abortion Rights Action League on call (214) 368-1791 or (214) 391- (NTARAL), 742-8188; NOW (Dal. Co.), 742- 08. Video Access 6918; NOW (N. Dal.), 494-2990; Physicians PANTEX PILGRIMAGE Public access video production equip- for Social Responsibility, 688-2699; The Pantex Pilgrimage is a bicycle ride ment has arrived at the George Washington Progressive Voters League; 376-1660; and series of public education programs Carver Library at 1161 Angelina Street. Resistance Cmte., 942-4236; Sierra Club, through Texas towns and county seats, The equipment is available to Eastside 369-5543; Socialist Party, 4711 Bowser, 15, 75219; Tx. Cmte. on Natural Resources, 352- July-August, by peace activists on their Austin residents who want to produce 8370; Tx. Tenants Union, 823-2733; way to demonstrate at the Pantex nuclear television programs for the public access UNICEF, 241-7807; War Resisters League, weapons assembly plant, Amarillo. The cable channels. Citizens living in zip code 337-5885; West Dallas Involvement Cmte., Pilgrimage will start from 12 sites through- areas 78702, 78721, 78722 and 78723 are 1902 Bickers, 75212; Women's International out Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma eligible. League for Peace and Freedom, 324-1972. and converge on Pantex, August 3. A For more information, call Wendell FORT WORTH ce camp will be formed along the Handy at 472-8954. ACLU, 534-6883; ACORN, 924-1401; ghway at the Pantex main gate for a Allied Communities of Tarrant (ACT), 332- three-day vigil. Bishop Matthiesen will VOTER REGISTRATION 1830; Bread for the World (Dist. 12), 924- lead an interfaith service on Hiroshima Freedom Summer '84 is a voter registra- 1440; Citizens for Education on Nuclear Lay, Monday, August 6, 8 a.m., at the tion project that is placing volunteers in Arms (CENA), 295-6587; Citizens for Fair plant gates. This will be followed by a human service agencies to register low- Utility Regulations, 478-6372; Citizens' picnic and rally at noon. Contact people income voters throughout the summer. Party, 834-5123; Coalition of Labor Union in the 12 departure sites are: There are nine Freedom Summer Texas Women, 540-1393; Conscientious Objector Awareness Cmte., 457-6148; Dist. 10 Demos., Austin, Carol Hust, 474-2848 coordinators, who are placing volunteers: 283-7001; Dist. 12 Demos., 535-7803; Farm San Antonio, David Plylar, 736-0004 Dallas, Sandra Crenshaw, 372-6124 Workers' Support Cmte., 927-0808; Denton, Dan Griffiths, Houston, Steve Arch Erich, 791-7191 or Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR), 274- P.O. Box 3064, Denton 76202 778-1523 7554; First Friday, 927-0808; Ft. Worth Task Dallas, Glenda Wolfarth, 827-8506 San Antonio, Robert Hernandez, 733-1441 Force on Central America, 921-0419; Fort Worth, Les Breeding, 534-6207 or 222-0224 IMPACT, 923-4806; Mental Health Assn., Tyler, Elihue Edelston, 592-4263 El Paso, Larry Medina, 562-9452 335-5405; Mexican-American Demos., 626- Houston, Bob Henschen, 661-9889 8305; NOW, 338-4456; Nuclear Weapons Corpus Christi, Renae Flores, 855-5550 Freeze Campaign, 926-3827; Sierra Club, Lubbock, Jim Phiffer, 747-6583 Fort Worth, Josie Torres and Mary 923-9718; Tarrant Co. Demo. Womens' Tulsa, Herb Neuman, 744-0581 Schaub, 273-3967 or 273-3968 Club, 261-6583: Tarrant Co. Precinct Work- Oklahoma City, Rex Friend, 527-9526 Austin, Lafe Larson and Sandy Scott, 474- ers' Club, 429-2706; Tx. Coalition of Black Albuquerque, Dori Bunting, 344-1140 7994 Demos., 534-7737; Tx. Tenants' Union, 923- Santa Fe, Dave Powelson, 988-1045 5071; Traditional Native American Circle, Progressive Organizations The Houston group leaves City Hall, 926-9258; Women's Political Caucus, 336- July 22, 7 a.m. Then on to Hempstead The Observer has built up lists of organiza- 8700. — 7122, College Station — 7/23, tions in Texas we regard as progressive. The editor invites communications recommending the legendary Bremond/Marlin — 7/24, Waco — 7/25, organizations for inclusion. We will generally Gatesville/Meridian — 7/26, print the listings for Austin and Around Texas Comanche/Stephenville — 7/27, Rising in one issue, followed by Dallas, Fort Worth; RAW DEAL Star/Cross Plains — 7/28, Abilene — Houston and San Antonio in the next. The 7/29, Sweetwater — 7/30, Post — 7/31. complete list is available for a $5 processing Steaks, Chops, Chicken Lubbock — 8/1, Plainview — 8/2, and fee to any group deemed progressive in purpose. open lunch and evenings 605 Sabine, Austin No Reservations

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24 JULY 13, 1984