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MADE in TEXAS by TEXANS Austin Line TEXAS 13 SERVER February 24, 1984 A Journal of Free Voices 75C tt rmo De Mc Joe by ing Draw Arms of War: MADE IN TEXAS BY TEXANS Austin line. A new NATO truck outfitted with anti-tank HEN NAVY LT. ROBERT GOODMAN rockets was designed in Dallas. Texas churns out was shot down over Lebanon in Decem- an array of weapons that includes motors for guided W ber, he was flying a Vought A-7 fighter missiles, computer programs for nuclear subma- plane built in Texas. The Huey helicopters that fired rines, and every American nuclear warhead. Among on people in Vietnam and now attack Salvadoran the fifty states, we rank behind only California and villages originally rolled off a Fort Worth assembly Virginia in sales to the Pentagon. (Continued on Page 9) • PAGE TWO The Valley Freeze 1111111111M1 eam II 11 II► 1. d 11111 11 1,1 Ili Willi! .1;1 and Other Unnatural I Disasters TExz3B Austin HEN GOVERNOR Mark White announced on The Texas Observer Publishing Co , 1984 Ronnie Dugger, Publisher February 2 the formation of the Texans' Valley W Disaster Relief Fund to provide a mechanism for Vol. 76, No. 4 7,12-. February 24, 1984 funneling money collected in the state's religious congregations to freeze-stricken workers in the Valley, he extolled the virtues Incorporating the Stare Observer and the East Texas Democrat, of charity, of the willingness of Texans to help each other which in rurn incorporated the Austin ForUm-Advocate. through extra-governmental agencies. "Don't ever get into EDITOR Geoffrey Rips a mindset that government should solve all problems," White EDITOR AT LARGE Ronnie Dugger warned. "Texans have always believed that [such a mindset is unhealthy]." CAREY McWILLIAMS FELLOW: Nina Butts But should the state be forced to resort to the charity of CALENDAR: Chula Sims Texas church-goers nudged by the collection plate to solve WASHINGTON CORRESPONDENTS: Amy Cunningham, Al Watkins a social disaster? Beyond that, why has a freeze — of SOUTHERN CORRESPONDENT: Bob Sherrill LAYOUT AND DESIGN: Alicia Daniel calamitous proportions to be sure — caused such widespread EDITORIAL ADVISORY BOARD: Frances Barton, Austin; Elroy Bode, Kerr- suffering and despair? ville; Chandler Davidson. Houston; Bob Eckhardt, Washington, D.C.; Sissy Farenthold, Houston; Rupert() Garcia, Austin; John Kenneth Galbraith, Cam- The freeze of late December 1983 that struck the Winter bridge, Mass.; Lawrence Goodwyn, Durham, N.C.; George Hendrick, Urbana, Garden area exacted at least $200 million in damage in the Ill.; Molly Ivins, Dallas; Larry L. King, Washington, D.C.; Maury Maverick, fruit and vegetable industry in Hidalgo, Cameron, Starr, and Jr.. San Antonio; Willie Morris, Oxford, Miss.; Kaye Northcott, Austin; James Presley, Texarkana, Tx.; Susan Reid, Austin; A. R. (Babe) Schwartz, Galveston; Willacy counties. It decimated the crops of an estimated 3,700 Fred Schmidt, Tehachapi. Cal. growers. In Hidalgo County alone, over 2,000 farms raise CONTRIBUTING WRITERS: Warren Burnett, Nina Butts. Jo Clifton, Craig 75 different crops. Most of these farms suffered major damage Clifford, John Henry Faulk, Ed Garcia, Bill Helmer, Jack Hopper, Amy Johnson. — this in the third most agriculturally productive county in Laurence Jolidon, Mary Lenz, Matt Lyon, Greg Moses, Rick Piltz, Susan Raleigh, Paul Sweeney, Lawrence Walsh. the United States and the leading Texas county in terms of CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS: Alan Pogue: Russell Lee, Scott Van agricultural income. Osdol. Over 25,000 farmworkers in the four-county area are CONTRIBUTING ARTISTS: Jeff Danziger, Dan Hubig, Kevin Krenek, Ben without employment due to the freeze. According to Ed Sargent, Gail Woods. Gutierrez of the Texas Department of Agriculture, about 6,700 A journal of free voices workers passed through the McAllen office of the Texas Employment Commission, one of four offices in Hidalgo We will serve no group or party but will hew hard to the truth as we find County, in the first eight days of processing for federal Disaster it and the right as we see it. We are dedicated to the whole truth. to human values above all interests, to the rights of humankind as the foundation of Unemployment Assistance, indicating that the numbers may democracy; we will take orders from none but our own conscience, and never run much higher than 25,000. "If anything positive comes will we overlook or misrepresent the truth to serve the interests of the power- out of this," Gutierrez told the Observer, "it will be that fill or cater to the ignoble in the human spirit. we'll probably get the most accurate figures in terms of Writers are responsible for their own work ; but not for anything they have not themselves written, and in publishing them we do not necessarily imply numbers." Many of the farmworkers live without gas and that we agree with them because this is a journal of free voices. electricity due to their inability to pay high December utility bills. Some are without water due to their inability to pay 'Business Manager Frances Barton to repair plumbing damaged by the freeze. Others live in Assistant Alicia Daniel unincorporated colonias that have never had plumbing. Most Advertising, Special Projects Cliff Olofson are without adequate food. Editorial and Business Office On December 30, Gov. White requested a presidential 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701 disaster declaration for the four-county area. That same day (512) 477-0746 state agencies began delivering funds from its Emergency The Texas Observer (ISSN 00404519) is published biweekly except for a three-week interval between issues in January and July (25 issues per year) by the Texas Observer Publishing Co;, 600 Management Pool to those counties for utility assistance, home West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701, (512) 477-0746. Second class postage paid at Austin, Texas. repairs, emergency food and shelter, and for public Single copy (current or hack issue) 75C prepaid. One year, $20; two years. $38; three years, improvement projects. According to White's office, these $56. One year rate for full-time students. $13. Airmail, foreign, group, and bulk rates on request. Microfilm editions available from University Microfilms Intl., 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, funds will total $2.5 million. Aside from some $116,000 drawn Michigan 48106. from the state's Temporary Emergency Relief Program Copyright 1984 by Texas Observer Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Material may not be reproduced without permission. (TERP) and requiring matching local funds, the bulk of the POSTMASTER: Send form 3579 to: 600 West 7th Street, Austin, Texas 78701. money to be supplied by the state is flow-through money from federal block grants already designated for particular 2 FEBRUARY 24, 1984 community development needs. The governor used his office Sister Carol Anne Messina of the United Farmworkers to speed up or redirect the delivery of some of this money Ministry termed the federal aid a "disgrace." She called it to the Valley. He also asked Valley utilities and landlords "despicable that the state has to go begging to the private to defer action on unpaid bills. Then he called for the collection sector when we have money at the federal level for bombers plates to be passed. and fancy White House dinners." There have been complaints from Valley officials about the Larry Norton, an attorney for Texas Rural Legal Aid, is Governor's failure to deliver immediately on his promises of critical of the federal government's "lack of response to human emergency aid and to expedite grants made to the Valley before needs." "When the President declares an area a major disaster the freeze. A farmworker advocate said that after the first area," Norton explained, "the federal coordinator [for the 10 days of state funding, the money stopped coming. Federal Emergency Management Act (FEMA)] coordinates According to Richard Montesdeoca, assistant to Hidalgo the federal, state, local and private programs. [The Valley's County Judge Santos Saldana, 18 pre-freeze applications for federal coordinator] Greg Solovey has done next to nothing public works projects have been approved, but only one has with respect to understanding, evaluating, and coordinating been funded. human needs. The federal coordinator can implement food "We need more flexibility in providing disaster assistance," programs. We had problems [with food distribution] the first White told a February 9 press conference. There are very three, four, five weeks. The federal coordinator did nothing." few mechanisms provided the state to deal with disaster relief According to Norton, Solovey has been more concerned and rehabilitation. When the last legislature passed the with loans for farmers. The only federal response to human Temporary Emergency Relief Program, it provided the needs has been the empowerment of Disaster Unemployment governor with, perhaps, his most flexible option. TERP Assistance, which is being handled by the Texas Employment specifies that state and county funds of no more than $5 million Commission. Norton cites the situation surrounding the use can be used to match emergency federal funding. The state of the Individual Family Grant Program, established under budget provided close to $2.5 million for TERP, but most the Federal Disaster Relief Act of 1974, as an "indicator of of this was depleted in the state's response to Hurricane Alicia. the lack of response to human needs." The program was The state's other options, as well as most of those of the designed for "emergency needs and necessary expenses for federal government, are geared more for situations in which individuals and families." It is only available when the state property is damaged or destroyed. Rather than being faced requests federal implementation of the program, which with an unemployment crisis, such areas usually enjoy an provides federal funds to match state funds three-to-one.
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