Ptel— M. I. H. DISCO TctJey Bittemien. 55 CUFF ROAD Sat., 11th May Join fern. 8.30 p.m. 20p tlHNo. 84 S FridayM, May 10th, 197l4 11II IP Fascist group seeks to smash left and kindle racial unrest

by Nick Witchell

Leeds could well be on the brink of bitter political gang warfare of a violence and intensity unknown since the late 1960's. Over the past few weeks there has been a rapid escalation of tension between extreme left-wing and right-wing groups in Leeds. The opposing sides are now dosing ranks and organising themselves for what some see as a prolonged and possibly bloody struggle. The spark which has ignited this new round of poli­ tical violence is a fanatical Nazi organisation called The slogan of the National Democratic Freedom Movement daubed on the National Democratic Freedom Movement. Earlier this week one of the leaders of the NDFM the University's Henry Price Building. David Myatt, told me that his organisation is pre- j paring itself to forcibly smash all left-wing groups and kindle racial unrest in Leeds. Mr Myatt claimed that the NDFM, which was formed David Myatt COURSES DEMANDED in January by extremist members of the National Front and other right-wing organisations, already has an "We want active membership of over 200: FOR HANDICAPPED "Our membership is made people who up of those who are violent. The Leeds Area branch of the National Union of We want people who are pre­ pared to use violence. We are prepared Students is giving its fullest support to a group of don't believe in democracy — Leeds NUS pledges full will use the same methods as parents who want a better education for their mentally Mussolini in Italy and Hitler to use handicapped children. in Germany," he said. support for campaign There have already been Last weekend the city's by Ian Coxon hints of what isl to come. In violence" education department notified recent weeks there have been the parents of ten mentally formed by parents with several confrontations between handicapped children that it children on the course. He against City Council the NDFM and left-wing was not prepared to extend told Leeds Student that a groups. the special courses that the At last Saturday's annual number of leading members 9 children are attending at Park of the medical profession have cost of keeping ten students Pottemewton would be used Trades Council May Day Lane college. said that these handicapped on for another year could be to provide places for the in­ march through the city centre children need specialist educa­ as little as £2,500 compared crease in the number of four student participants were tion up to the age of 30. with the £46 million that handicapped 16 year olds attacked and one young mem­ Success will be spent on education in caused by the increased size ber of the NDFM was arres­ Hr Mr Blamire said: "The Leeds next year." of the area now covered by ted after he threw water at The courses which are run parents are going to picket a the Leeds Education^ the marchers. One of the in the college's Pottemewton meeting of the education com­ Cllr. Mrs Doreen Hamil­ Authority," Mrs Hamilton attacked students vnu Poly m L annexe were initiated in 1971 mittee at the Civic Hall in ton, the Chairman of the said. Union President-elec Ian and are designed to develop Leeds on June 10 to demand city's Education Committee Steele. He was surrourdted by the social maturity of men­ that the students be allowed said: "The scheme set up at a gang of NDFM supporters Goal "'•: tally handicapped teenagers to stay at the college for Park Lane was only a pilot as he walked through a pedes­ between the ages of 16 and another year at least." course and it was made quite trian precinct on his way to Ian Steele 19. In July the first ten clear to the parents involved Mr Blamire said that the join the march. He said it was students who were accepted The only alternative to the that students would only be parents group are intent on only the presence of crowds by the college in 1971 will college course are adult train­ able to aittend for two years mounting a campaign at of shoppers which dissuaded finish their three year course ing centres for educationally with an option on a third." national government level them from beating him up. "Scared of a but their parents are de­ sub-normal children which Mr with their eventual goal being Visibly shaken by the inci­ manding that they be allowed Blamire described as being She said that plans were the creation of a special col­ dent and with the banner he to continue attending the "completely inadequate for being made to improve the lege in Leeds for mentally was carrying in tatters Mr bloodbath in course because of the startling the Park Lane students." educational facilities of the handicapped people: "It is Steele said that he was very progress they have made. training centres and thereby going to be a long fight," he scared that there is going to He went qri to say: "There giving some benefit to a much warned, "but on no account be a 'bloodbath' in Leeds be­ Leeds before Bernard Manure, the father is enough space for extra larger number of people than are we going to accept the fore very long. of one of the ten students, is students at Potternewton and the fifty at Potternewton: "In education department's deci­ chairman of an action group I estimate that the additional any case any spare capacity at sion." run,,^, very long" LEEDS STUDENT — Friday, May 10th, 1974

Newcastle Directly contrary to York, Newcastle University has al­ Inquiry into MoD ready called off one debate which was to have involved an extreme right-wing An urgent inquiry is to be set up by post­ speaker. graduates to investigate the amount of money A National Front mem­ being received by the University in research ber, Mr Martin Webster was grants from the Ministry of Defence. grants to have spoken in a debate against Mr Steve Parry, the It follows the disclosure from the University Finance NUS executive member who Committee of annual grants totalling nearly £50,000 to had successfully argued for science departments and the recent acceptance by the the motion banning right School of History of over wing speakers at the national The inquiry will be carried union's Liverpool conference. £30,000 from the'Ministry out by the Association of of Defence to finance a Scientific, Technical and lecturer Managerial Staffs the trade in defence stu- union many postgraduates be­ South Korea completely disown the tour Hull dies. long to. of the University Rugby Peter Green, a postgraduate The President of South Club's tour to Rhodesia. Graduating students are Painters in Sociology and Chairman Korea has personally begun Already the tour had been turning up their noses at of the ASTMS Academic a fierce clampdown on stu­ strongly objected to by the career opportunities it was Group at the University, said dent activists, and any stu­ Government and the Cam­ claimed last week by Hull wanted for MJ the purpose of the inquiry is dent involved in future anti- bridge Students' Union. University's career service. to find out what the implica­ government protests could The Mount Jones coffee tions of the grants are: "A be sentenced to death. So far there has been no Far fewer students were lounge is the next target for lot of people doing work on The decree issued by the weakening by the club offi­ wanting interviews with Waxum Daswani, University Ministry sponsored projects cials and they see no justi­ prospective employers but Union Cultural Affairs Sec­ do not realise that they are Carol Jelley President gave student acti­ the only reason the career vists five days to give them­ fication for calling off the retary, and his policy of en­ working for the Ministry of tour; team members are up­ sen-ice gave was "the fluc­ couraging student creativity. Defence," he said. selves up and banned any tuating economic climate." press report on studem set by the Council of Sen­ He is appealing for students We intend to look at the Carol top in demonstrations. ate's decision because they from any department to sub­ whole question of Ministry will be barred from wearing mit designs for wall paintings grants very carefully and 261 student leaders have the University blue jerseys. they would like to do. critically." given themselves up to the Bradford UC poll police and others are being An OGM decision passed Former University Union hunted, 13 are now serving by students at Bradford House Secretary Carol Jelly jail sentences. York University was reversed by Council boycotts topped the poll in last week's The conflict has flared the union executive in an election of Union Council The Students' Union of members for next session. up over the repression of York University has voted attempt to keep internal police seminar political freedom in the by a ratio of two to one to troubles on the campus. In second place was Cul­ country which the President oppose the National Union The University Union is to boycott a discussion tural Affairs Secretary Wax­ instigated in order to pre­ of Students policy of black­ A suitcase belonging to a seminar with senior police officers in Wakefield next um Daswani who was origi­ vent North Korea "exploit­ ing right wing speakers and student was lost while in the nally believed to have with­ ing internal dissension in week. drawn his nomination papers. disrupting meetings addres­ care of the porters, and the The Union was invited to munications Jim Bewsher dis­ the South as an opening sed by them. OGM decision resolved to agreed and said that it was In fact he never withdrew wedge for aggression." help the student take the send four delegates to meet from the election officially senior officers involved in one of the few chances to get and will take up one of the In 1960 students proved The vice-president of the mater to the courts in order at the police: "We should Union, Ray Canham, said to reclaim the full value of training police recruits. How­ send somebody to represent 25 council seats next October. their potential strength when ever, Union Council decided Miss Jelly gained 332 their rebellion toppled the the vote meant that it was the suitcase's contents, £232, students views," he said. not union policy to disrupt from the university. on Monday by a majority of votes; ten ahead of Mr. Das­ government of that day. meetings but added that no one vote not to send any rep­ wani. racist or right wing speakers resentatives. Union to close In third place was Alan teuton. : The university had paid Speaking against the pro­ The other 22 students who won were due to appear at York. up £50 only but the execu­ on Bank holiday Council seals are: Anne Myall, Pete posal Andy Morgan said he Oillard. Sean Rogers, Chris Armi- Cambridge tive want to present "a plea thought the whole scheme was The University Union will tage. Roger Seddon, Paul Loasby, of grievance' to the Senate Sarah Ward. Mick Ridley. John 7 'a total waste of time" and be closed on Bank Holiday An extraordinary meeting Edited by and settle the matter outside Harvey, Sarah Langndge-Smith, of the University's Council should be boycotted lest the Monday, May 27th. In ad­ Carl Gray, Andy Morgan, Jeffrey the court rather than get Union should give the im­ dition, it will only be open Eke, Mary Littlefield, Martin Daley, of Senate was called on Mon­ landed with the legal costs pression that it approved of on Sunday 26th if the por- Nick Lamming, Chris Green, Bob days, which was decided to Marcus Page of the student. Rae. Stephen Bullock, Richard police methods. tcring staff agree to provide Chandler, Bob Boddey, Simon Deputy President for Com- a skeleton staff. Jones.

Est 1900 HIGH-CLASS TAILORING T#I26S73 DIVINE SALES DANBY'S for Ladies and Gentlemen S.F. SOC. 2/4 BRUDENELL GROVE present BOB SHAW and SAMUEL R. DELANEY PARAPHENALIA 166 PHILIP DANTE Near HYDE PARK 13 RAGLAN ROAD, WOODHOUSE LANJL LEEDS 2 two of S. F.'s foremost authors For (2 doors from Packhorse Hotel) 500 Ooths to choose from in worsteds, moheirs, tweeds, etc. TODAY — FRIDAY, 10th at 7J0 p.m. FOR SECOND-HAND Individually TaHored In Modern or Conservative Styles BARGAINS SWEDISH CLOGS — CLOGS Own Materials Made Up Alterations to all types of Garment* in the Debating Chamber All Furniture, Clothes, INDIAN COTTON DRESSES Books, Records, Bric-a-Brac plus New From Large Selection of CANDLES We need graduates LEEDS STUDENT TENDER LOVING CARE (Opp. Parkinson Building) (and others too) EASTGATE SPORTS Incense, Shawls, Chinese needs Sales Umbrellas and lots more anda wide range of other TO PREACH and Reporting CENTRE At Amazingly Low Prices goods THE GOSPEL 17 EASTGATE - LEEDS 1 Tel. Leeds 25573 J staffs at the For OF CHRIST ADIDAS - PUMA - GOLA - MITRE - HUMMELL We are Augustinian Friars Poly urgently FOOTBALL BOOTS AND TRAINING SHOES. Are you bored with Sundays and your Usual Haunt? also Write to: Contact: then come to Umbro - Bukta - Sertena - Litesome Footbtll The Vice-provincial, IAN COXON Jerseys and shorts. THE Austin Friars, at 155 Woodhouse Lane Adidas and Litesome Trade Suits. Carlisle CA3 9PB Mon. - Wed. after 8 p.m. DISCOUNT FOR STUDENTS PROGRESSIVE PUSSY CLUB Romance i* back MR. NATURAL - Restaurant Cat's Whiskers Take her l-o dinner at at 53 OTLEY ROAD, LEEDS 6 Tel. 782878 GREEN ROAD - MEANWOOD Get Stuffed Dining Chambers. LEEDS 6 ' PUSSY DON'T FORGET FRIDAY NIGHT Good Food, Large Bars, and wide Variety of Good Music She'll love thr atmosphere. * she'll love the dinner, IS MR. NATURAL'S STUDENT NIGHT Wednesday, May 15th — SPECIAL CONCERT she'll love you. We offer a choice of naturally produced food in a 4 course with BE-BOP DE LUXE and LAZY DAYS dinner with discount on production of your Students' Union Admission 40p Bars 7 p.m. - Midnight DISCO Card. Bookings accepted. Last Orders 10.30 p.m. Sunday, May 19th — p mmwm TRAX and DAVID ELLIOTT OUR SHOP contains pure produce at good prices. RICE DINING CHAMBERS (16p/lb.), loose tea and coffee beans, SOYAVEG, "Harmony" Admission: Members 40p, Guests 50p 41 Park Cross St., Leeds 1. Tel: 25965 Brand Foods, Tossajara bread book, plus MACROBIOTIC foods <0ff Headrow, opposite Town Hall) • and books. Admission on door on night BUSES TO THE DOOR — 5% discount on production of Union cards Easy distance from Boddington, Weetwood and Tetley every night except Saturday Take a Look — You'll find us near the Arndale Centre LEEDS STUDENT — Friday, May 10th, 1974 Union defiant over seat New club formed for on Senate Poly disco-goers Furthr conflict between the University and its Students' Union seems inevitable following The Poly Union is to start up that the idea of the club was a Union Council decision on the forthcoming a disco club for the benefit to cut down the queues to Senate elections. of non-union members. get in the Union that develop Council decided at its meeting on Monday to defy By purchasing a 20p disco on disco nights when non­ TROUBLE IN THE MARKET card they will be allowed to union members have to be the University's regulations about the election of the signed in before they can Union representative who will join the President and Leeds Market traders, who, were criticised in a letter enter the Union on Wednes­ to the Evening Post last week for "increasingly bad man­ day and Saturday evenings attend the disco. A similar the five Faculty repre­ Union Council has decided club was operated by the ners", have hit back at their "difficult" customers. without having to be signed sentatives on Senate in to hold an open election a- "Customers can be very awkward," said Mr Hyman on the guest list by a Union Poly two years ago. mongst the whole student member. Mr Murray is also organising October. Levi He thinks that some shoppers behave differently membership for the post. The when they get into the market: "They complain and The membership cards which an Ents questionnaire to try The regulations laid down election will be held at the and find out what sort of by the University state that criticise in a way they never would in an ordinary shop." will be available in a few start of next session. Mr Levi said that goods in Kirgate market were much weeks will be valied for one entertainments people would the Union nominee must be In the interim, until the year. Cultural Affairs Vice- like to &ee provided next an elected officer of the cheaper than in the shops and people could not always election is held, Council pro­ expect top quality. President Andy Murray said term. Union. posed that a Union General Meeting should elect a tem­ NO MONEY FOR SHAFTS porary representative to hold The Government has refused to help to finance the the seat, who will give it up filling in and making safe of several hundred disused to the winner of the open mine shafts in the Leeds area. <* • the University regulations cost £2000,000. But Cllr Albert King, the committee which stipulate that only one chairman, assured members that the shortage of cash person can hold each seat would not stand in the way of safety: ''When we become during each session. aware of an element of danger it will be treated as a Proposing the motions at matter of urgency," he said. Council Pete Gillard said it ROW OVER CHICKS was a fundamental question Leeds City Council, which a few weks ago lost a case of Union autonomy. "We over chicken portions containing 19 per cent of added must be free to elect our own water, is considering an appeal. representatives in whatever The stipendary magistrate, Mr F. D. L. Loy, has been way we think most appropri­ asked to sate a case for the Divisional Court, the first ate", he said: 'Furthermore, step in the lodging of an appeal. anyone we elect to be our The City Council alleged at the hearing that frozen representative will be our rep­ chicken portions were not of the substance demanded" resentative, even if we have because of the added water, some of which had been to carry him into the Senate injected into the chicken in the form of a polyphosphate chamber ourselves." solution. University Registrar, Dr A witness for the producers, Eastwoods UPM Limited James MacGregor, who is res­ admitted that on the prices then prevailing housewives ponsible for the running of were paying £100,000 a week for added water in their Senate elections, said he was chicken. not prepared to comment at Public analysts were also concened about the amount this stage on Union Coun­ of added water getting into such products as ham and cil's decision except to say fish fingers. that it sounded unconstiutio- nal. MARAUDING MUGGERS Six muggings by a gang of coloured youths have taken place in Leeds over the last week. This cartoon won Chris Williams first prize in the recent student journalist competition The gang, which usually strikes between 10 pm and organised by the New Statesman. Athletes 1 am, have attacked people in the Chapeltown, Roundhay, and Burley areas. One victim, John Wagner, a scrap driver of Chapel­ help with town, said: "There were three coloured men. When I tried to pass them one got me in a stranglehold while Union demands autonomy the other two punched me and threw me into a garden." drug tests He was robbed of a wallet containing two pounds and from college governors University student sports­ a valuable cigarette lighter. men are assisting in research DEAD AND BURIED Students at Park Lane are demanding that the col­ into anabolic steroids — the drug used by many athletes The body of an unknown middle-aged man has been lege governors should no longer have the power to in attempts to improve their buried without epitaph or headstone at a Leeds ceme- Four officers approve or disapprove of union policy. performances. tary. A verdict of "found drowned" was recorded after the But the union will not gain accepted. A decision was also Some of the volunteers are being given anabolic steroids man's body was found floating in the River Aire on complete autonomy until the made to increase the union March 10th. elected governors themselves accept fee for full-time students from for periods of up to six weeks while others are receiving The only tangible clue to the man's identity was a pair the demands, which were for­ 50p per year to £2. The part- of cased spectacles. The case, bearing the name of a mulated at a union meeting time fee will remain at its harmless substitutes so that unopposed the effect of steroids can be Leeds opticians, proved to be of no assistance. His only last Friday. present rate of 25p. other possession was a tin-opener. However an attempt to re­ analysed. Four Poly students have move the post of Laison Offi­ Union officials are confi­ Profesor Romaine Hervey This unusual case is "the first case of it's kind in been elected unopposed to dent that most of the propo­ of the Department of Physi­ Leeds for many years," according to the Coroner, Deryk cer, who is a member of staff, Walker, take up Union offices next from the constitution was de­ sals will be accepted by the ology who is directing the ex­ session. feated by seven votes. governors. periment believes that the re­ Andy Murray, who Is cur­ The proposal for complete sults of it may throw some Edited by Roger Yelland rently Cultural Affairs Vice- autonomy will be discussed TALK TO BOYLE light on how the human body President, will become Ents when the college governors regulates its energy balance. Chairman. 3D Design student meet next month together with The University Vice- Keith Weymer takes over the demands for a sabbatical ChanceUor Lord Boyle will be post of Rag Chairman, Pete union president and an in­ available on Saturday, May YOGA Smart a Law student becomes crease of 300 per cent in the 25th to meet any students LEEDS PLAYHOUSE Accommodation Secretary union fee to pay for the offi­ who wish to speak to him. SOCIETY and Fay Lhtlewood from the cer. He shall be in his room on Calve'rley Street, Leeds LS2 3AJ Life Sciences department will At a Union meeting earlier Level 11 of the Physics Ad- be die Union's new Catering this term proposals for the minstradon Building between SEMINAR Telephone: 0532 4211T Secretary. union's first paid official were 10.00 am to 12.30. Saturday, 11th May HOW THE OTHER HALF LOVES by Alan Ayckboum This it ttill topi for laughs . . . superb theatric*! soufle. The most witty 9.45 Riley Smith Hall and wonderful modern comedy on the English stage today — Yorkshire Practical Hatha Yoga Evening Post 2.5.74. 12.00- 1.00 Lunch BRILLIANT CONCEPT ... so witty, brilliantly written and accomplished 1.00 - 5.00 Debating Chamber ... A marvellous job they make of it . . : works with unfailing success Talks on Yoga and Related — Bradford Telegraph and Argus 3.5 74. Topics Admission 30p DON'T MISS IT — Must End Saturday 18th May Nightly at 7.30 p.m. But Tuesday at 8 p.m. No performance Monday, 13th May. DISCO WEEKEND FILMS: TOMORROW at 11.15 p.m. — Monday, 13th May Fellini's 8* A fantasy with M arret lo Majtroianni, Anouk Aimee end Oaudis Cardinale. SAMANTHA'S SUNDAY at 7.30 p.m. — Mtrrlon Centre jean (Unas' FRENCH CAN-CAN 9.00 p.m. - 1.00 a.m. An impressionists canvas of Paris in the 18«0's Late Bar I Op Monday at 7.30 p.m. — LOCAL COLOUR All Welcome an entertainment about Yorkshire people by Yorkshire peoa4e. LEEDS STUDENT — Friday, May 10th, 1974

and the eradication of alien Jews This view is supported by other recent events. The NDFM has attempted to disrupt several meetings of Continued from left-wing groups and on Monday another gang of their Page 1 supporters congregated outside the home of two mem- some of Britain's worst ever bers of the Communist in London, Nottingham, race riots in the summer of Sheffield and Cambridge in 1969. party and threatened addition to the national them. headquarters in Great George At Monday's University Street, opposite the University Union Council meeting a mo­ I asked Mr Myatt about Medical School. tion was passed noting: "With "death threats" which are disgust the attacks on Union supposed to have been issued He said he was not pre­ members and Poly students to leading members of the pared to comment on a over the last few weeks. We local Communist party. After rumour that a Jewish Offen­ also note that the attacks thinking for a moment he re­ sive group called "Group 62" were made by a neo-Nazi plied: "Who can say — who has been re-established in organisation, the National cannot say." Comerrmting on Leeds to counter NDFM Democratic Freedom Move­ the NDFM's publicly avowed activities. ment, and that a policy of racialist and anti-semitic poli­ intimidation is being pursued cies Mr Myatt, who has seve­ The NDFM has been pub­ by the organisation on anti- ral convictions for assaulting licly disowned by the Natio­ racialist activists, some of black people, said the NDFM nal Front. I spoke to the whom are members of our is pledged to "white power" Chairman of the local NF union.' and to eradicating the "alien branch, University Fine Art jews." student Paul Crowther. He University Union NUS said the NDFM was being led Secretary Kevin Devaney said "We are very proud about by the former "lunatic fringe" that an active campaign is to our success so far," he said, of the NF.: "I am very distur­ be launched by left-wing "We are prepared to go out bed by it all," he added, "I groups to make the public and conquor our enemies by have never known such an es­ aware of the evil of extreme The arrow points to the entrance to the headquarters of the NDFM which are on the second force." calation in bitternes as is now right-wing groups. "The local floor of this building in Great George Street. happening in Leeds." Trade Unions are backing us He claimed that their orga­ fully to counter this move­ nisation already has branches ment, which is relying on the Amongst other groups ignorance and prejudices of NEWS EXTRA threatened by the NDFM is the public, particularly the Severe cuts have been were promised six years ago the Charles Morris Hall of the Gay Liberation Front, younger, unemployed worker." who have already received one made in the University's build­ have been constantly shelved. Residence, who went to see threatening visit from NDFM ing programme. Plans for a Bus fares in Leeds will in­ the film on Sunday stayed up Mr Devaney went on to say £281,000 complex to house crease by berween one and all night with the hall's night members. Martin O'Leary of that the left-wing would not the GLF said his group is Social Studies and Food and two pence from Sunday. porter. On the following night be intimidated. "If we are Leather Science students have Fares up to four pence will she was still distressed and seriously worried by the attacked we will defend our­ present situation. had to be abandoned and the remain the same, those up to bad to sleep in a friend's selves. The people organising Vcie-Chancellor Lord Boyle 9p will go up by one penny room. these groups are psycopaths. Mr O'Leary alleged that fears that there will be no and most of those which are A member of the Univer­ They are using people, par­ more money forthcoming for now lOp or more will be in- sity Orienteering Club has the official leader of the ticularly the kids, who are ig­ NDFM, 24 year old former rebuilding in the University The cost of mum-joumey won national honours. Peter norant of the evil they are until 1976. creased by two pence. Haines made certain of a National Front organiser supporting." Edmund Morrison, was res- Union President Andy tickets will rise accordingly. place in the British Junior posible for inciting gangs of Jarosz said that many stu­ A University student could team by becoming Junior skinheads to attack Asian The full interview with dents will have to carry on not sleep alone for two nights Champion of Scotland last shops in Chapeltown in 1969. David Myatt will be pub­ working in inadequate condi­ after seeing the gruesome weekend Over Easter Peter It was these actions, he tions and that the new build­ film "The Exorcist" carried off the South of Eng­ Edmund Morrison claimed, which sparked off lished next week. ings known as Block 19 which The student, a girl from land championship. llll!llJ!!ilil!II!II!il!l» it has been restored, and whaling base but just a fairly recent excavations haven for small fishing SOMEWHERE TO GO have uncovered some in­ boats and you will find bet­ teresting Saxon remains. ter sea food here than you can imagine. The only relic A word of warning here. of Whitby's past can be Visit the Abbey before the found opposite the harbour WHITBY town, unless you're keen on in die shape of a magnifi­ climbing steps. If you go to cent Whalebone Arch, over Whitby is a lovely little the Abbey first, you walk twenty feet high. fishing port on Yorkshire's down the 199 steps; do it prseents the return of the amazing — north-east coast. It has a the other way round and You can go to Whitby for i LIVERPOOL SCENE ruined Abbey, a long and you'll be breathless! The the sun, sea and sand, but (Adrian Henri, Mike Hart, Andy Roberts, Dave Richards, Mike Kellie) colourful history, and a town was flourishing in the there is a great deal else be­ Plus PETE BROWN, poet of repute, and BROWNSVILLE BANNED jug band times of the Danes, as the sides — if you like trains, Friday, 17th Hay at 8JO p.m. in Poly Ted) Hall Tickets 50p Porters couple of potash mines. The Watch out for the SUMMERTIME DO. JUNE 7th! 30p Abbey was founded in 656, names of the streets show. there is a miniature railway and the mines in 1969. Indeed, Flowergate was im­ on the sands and you can portant enough to merit a actually ride in it It has several claims to mention in the Doomesday Thursday, May 23rd, 1974 — distinction. The first Abbess Book (1086, in case you had How to get there: of Whitby, (or Streanaes- forgotten). There are a halch, as it was called in couple of pleasant parks, ami By Rail: Via Darlington and LEEDS TOWN HALL - In Concert 656) was St Hilda. Captain also Bagdale Hall, a six­ Middlesbrough from City Cook Bved in Whitby and teenth-century mansion now Station FOCUS built the ships he used for open to the public The By Road: A64 to Malton, his voyages, George Stephen­ little Parish Church in front Museum and Art Gallery in then A169 plus BLUE son and George Hudson of it should certainly not be Pannett Park contain mo- missed out of anyones itine­ By Bus: United X91 from TMs will be Focus' only Jive date in this area and only planned the East Coast rail­ memoes of local life through Wellington St. Coach Station way between London and rary, however, if only be­ the years, and also relics of tour in 1974. cause the latter has some Scotland there in 1835, and Captain Cook. Tickets now available from Barkers, The Headrow, Leeds 1 in 1914, German warships very unusual features indeed. shelled the Abbey. Thanks to Henry VIII and Spend some of your time by They will be performing their new album Hamburger the Kaiser, the Abbey is down at the Harbour if you Concerto. mostly ruined, but some of Andy Jarosz The Abbey and the squat can, it is now no longer a TICKETS: £220, £1.65 and £1.10

SPECIAL REDUCED RATES TO STUDENTS What came over M.M. in the Union WANTED HONDA 17S in good con- £5 REWARD — House wanted June on Saturday? dition mechanically. Apply 82 '74. 5/6 people. University area. personal Queens Road, Leeds 6. Contact Claire Seidman, Weetwood Congrats Passion Flower. All our love Do Vampires, Mike F. and Brownie Hall. CHARLIE GOULD The Clique. mix? Reply to 79. Johnny, I'll get you discovered. Working hard yet, WENDY? £5 reward — House wanted in Uni­ LTD. column Send me a card from LA. please LOST. One pair black cords, knee versity area for 5/6 people from June 74 — Apply Claire Seidman, Ruth? DRESS WEAR HIRE SERVICE patches, somewhere in Union. Free R.I.P. Dylans bollock. pint bought if found and returned Weetwood Hall. £35 ono. Pueh moped K regd. Con- Will you really see CSNY Neil Taggart, Leeds Student Office. Elaine doesn't need a cushion, Roger. Gone but not forgotten. 4 Grand (Theatre) Arotfe, L«ed» 1 act R. Fox, Room Dl. 11 Henry Genuine Offer. Want a wooden spoon, Alan? Price Building. Tell Kenny that you have to come PER DAY Teddies Rule O.K.-? Have Ron and Adam got a good thing back in October. DINNER SUITS £J JQ Will Heather «*«r f»n

LEEDS STUDENT — Friday, May 10th, 1974

Real knee-trembler Apologestic cast If you go to see The Exor­ As a young IRA officer cist, go prepared for bouts of The Exorcist spends his last night in jail nervous laughter and constant The Hostage ABC2 before joining the long line of hubub from the audience — by Brendan Behan Irish martyrs, a British soldier CARNEGIE COLLEGE even before the more astound­ is kidnapped as a hostage for ing parts of the film begin. on the possessed girl. his release. He is taken to the This is due to the massive The most frightening aspect strange lodging house of Pat, particular the songs. Peter publicity campaign which has of the film is that it takes (John Bedford) where Mon- Shields is superb as Rio Rita helped, together with a few place in the 20th century, not sewer, entertainingly portrayed the male prostitute, and the neurotic Americans, to pro­ the 16th, and in an ordinary by Geoff Greenwood, leads his hostage is well executed by mote The Exorcist as one of household. The basic plot cen­ 'home guard' of prostitutes Steve Smith. tres on the exorcism itself and the most gruesome films ever. (both sexes), a civil servant The play shows up the con the film relies heavily on shock Consequently, everyone is and a pianist, to name but fused religious and political tactics, though not of a crude keyed up in terrible expect­ five. ideas of the Irish people, which sort, for its effect. ancy long before the film Jean Dove, as Meg Diion, Behan sums up beautifully in starts. Not surprising! The devil that the priests captures the feeling of the Meg's explanation of the Vir­ When I left the cinema I was have to deal with is a verit­ play right from the beginning, gin birth: "That was done un­ told I was ghostly wVite and able monster and far from making up for some of the der the Special Powers Act by as I write now, my hands are being a paper mache carica­ cast, who are at times far too the Holy Ghost". still trembling. Truly, I don't ture of the Dr Who variety, apologetic for the raucaus con­ think I have seen such convin­ it is truly horrifying. tent of their words and in Dave Gordon cing 'devilry' in all my life. For those who enjoy being Dennis Wheatley can be pretty scared out of their wits, this frightening at times but this film is a godsend (if you'll is a real knee-trembler! Much pardon the expression). applause goes to the make up Shallow characters artist for a magnificent job Jill Connick Paul Newman as Henry Gondorff in "The Sting" at the ABC The Seven Ups Superb strings ODEON TWO Paying the price "Seven-Ups is a very highly (Roy Schieder of 'The French The head of the Royal secretive investigative depart­ Connection') the boss of the Gabrieii String Quartet family 'pays a unique price for Crown Matrimonial ment", says the Police Com­ Seven-Ups. He acts powerfully a unique position' and if one GRAND missioner to the press boys, in places and dominates the GREAT HALL of the Royals is not prepared remaining suitably non-com- rest of the cast whose charac­ to pay this price he must family; had Edward VIII been mital about the nature of the ters are cardboard thin and Kenneth Essex joined the I don't know why the Uni­ leave the fold. Forty years ago a commoner his wife would hardest men in the New York don't stand up to much quartet for the second half versity decided to put on a Edward VIII wanted to be have been acceptable but be­ police. scrutiny. performance of Mozart's finest concert in honour of York King and have at his side an cause he was the centre of at­ The mafia families for in­ quintet, the G minor (K 516). Their methods are brutal University's former Vice- American woman who had traction of the heart of the stance have little else to them Although technically well and ungoverned by any moral­ Chancellor but it proved to be twice been aivorced but nation she was not. Crown than elaborate mannerisms and played, this was a disappoint­ ity, but everyone is happy as a very good idea. neither his family nor the Matrimonial is a period piece predictable gangster talk; and ment. The intensity of feeling long as they keep pulling in The concert was given last country would allow it and he set in a stuffy room in Marl­ only the make-up helps the which characterised the De­ the bad guys. Friday by the Gabrieii string was forced to abdicate. borough House and sprinkled baby face criminal to create bussy was somehow lacking quartet who can claim to be In Crown Matrimonial Royce with dry comedy, however, it Things go wrong, however, an impression. and much of it seemed a bit one of the best two or three Ryton vividly describes the is much more than a mere as the Seven-Ups (there are Surprisingly, some of the perfunctory which Mozart quartets in Britain. Their per­ anguish suffered by the young historical play. The author only four of them but they most tense sequences take never is when writing in G formance of the Debussy quar­ king who deserted his post to moulds the story into a com­ deal with criminals liable to place in the automatic car minor. tet proved the truth of such be ?bie to uphold his dignity pelling drama about morality get more than seven years in wash where dark figures «i a claim. Quite apart from the and marry the woman he and maters of principle with­ jail) get framed and one of welington boots an sou' wes­ near-perfection of their play­ The Haydn quartet, 'The loved. The cost of his action in a family. their number is "picked off". ters attack the occupants of ing, the musicality was out­ From that point the thriller Bird', which opened the pro­ was enormous; he was forced The acting in this produc­ cars. The car chase is grip­ standing. The shaping of the proper gets going as all par­ gramme sufered from the same to remain in exile for the rest tion at the Grand is of a high ping as well and has a novel slow movement was beautiful ties involved become both drawback although the mys­ of his years and his family was standard but Owen Holder's climax. with plenty of feeling but hunters and quarry. terious scherzando was memo­ duty bound to refuse to recog­ portrayal of Edward VIII is of Unfortunately the film ends everything properly controlled. rable. Perhaps they were sav­ nise the existence of his wife. a higher quality than anything This film has all the correct on a rather heavy note over- The second movement had ing themselves for that superb The play highlights the ab­ I have seen there for many ingredients for a thriller but stressing the bad guys one vitality but also revealed Debussy. surdity of the etiquete of the years. nothing is developed far moral — don't betray a friend. the mystery of the writing. A Establishment and the dual enough. The only character tremendous performance. John McMurray morality accepted by the Royal Ian Coxon with any substance is "Buddy", Marcus Page pi!lillIIIIUilllll!lliilIIIII!l!l!!IIIi |lililll!llllilllIIIII!l!IIIil!IliUIB Week following: Bruce Lee in As good as usual from Pinter The Big Boss. "Perhaps it marks the end portance attached to every PLAZA of an epoch ... for Harold Old Times sentence. Tonight and tomorrow: Deca- I Pinter himself." a D a D meron 3 plus 1001 Nights ®. f RILEY SMITH HALL Possibly because of opening 19 LCP 7.10. Taken from the programme night nerves, act one seemed Next week Penelope plus The £ for last week's production, this their own trail of thought, the to begin with a hesitant stutter LOUNGE Bitches quotation surely cannot be emphatic repetitions. However for the first 20 minutes with Tonight and tomorrow: Julie LYRIC meant seriously. In "Old this does not mean that "Old Kate (Penny Thewis) being a Christie and Donald Sutherland in Tonight and tomorrow: Edward i Times", Pinter's most recent Times" falls below Pinter's little too vague and distant, Don't Look Now ® plus Edward Woodward in The Wicker Han | = Woodward in The Wicker Han ®. while Deeley (Paul Lusk) plus Julie Christie and Donald play, one finds its creator's usual high standard. LCP 7.10. Sutherland in Don't Look Now ® familiar stylistic fingerprints: The plot was interesting and overdid the drama in his role. ABC1 Next week: Barbra Streisand in LCP 8.15. the usual abrupt humour, the the set adequate. While the Anna (Nell Smyth) was more Tonight and tomorrow: Paul The Way We Were ® LCP 8.15. Next week: Clint Eastwood and than competent during the ! Newman and Robert Redford in Sunday 12th: Taste of the Blood Donald Sutherland in Kelly's hanh silences, the non sequi- dialogue was partly trivial, one [ The Stint ®. LCP 7.25. of Dracula ® plus Tales from the Heroes ®. tors as the cast each follow felt an undercurrent of im­ whole of her performance. Next week: The same. Mummys' Tomb ®. LCP 7.00. ABC 2 COTTAGE ROAD BRADFORD Next to "Student Stationers" Tonight and tomorrow: Hax von FILM THEATRE H Sydow and Ellen Burstyn in The Tonight and tomorrow: Sean tNI i Exorcist ®. LCP 7 pm (see re- Connery in Diamonds Are Forever May 13- 183th: Jane Fonda in I view). ® plus From Russia With Love ® A Doll's House. 7.15 pm. Next week: Not available. LCP 6.15. BAR-B-QUE Next week, Sunday for 4 days: LEEDS Barry Humphries and Peter Cook HOT HEALS AND SANDWICHES L^^^HI^HH ABC 3 in The Adventures of Barry Mc- FILM THEATRE ALL DAY a Tonight and tomorrow: Robert Kenzie ®. LCP 6.10 plus Hywell I Red ford and Mia Farrow in The (AT THE PLAYHOUSE) • Bennet and Lyn Redgrave in The AT STUDENT PRICES | Great Gatsby ®. LCP 7.30. Friday: Federico Fellini's •}. 1 Virgin Soldiers ®. Next week: The same. 11.15 pm. Thursday 16th for 3 days: Saturday: Jean Renoir's French 1 Robert Shaw and Sarah Miles in Can-Can 7.30. 1 ODEON 1 The Hireling ® LCP 8.40 plus Tonight and tomorrow: Steve Maggie Smith in Love, Rain and '- McQueen and Dustin Hoffman in the Whole Damn Thing ® LCP i Papillon ®®. LCP 7.30. 6.45. Next week: The same. theatre ODEON 2 CLOCK Cheap Tonight and tomorrow: Clint Tonight and tmorrow: Peter Sel- Saturdayk, 11t h May in Refec at 7.30 p.m. — § lers in The Optimists of Nine Eastwood and Donald Sutherland in LEEDS PLAYHOUSE j Elms ®. LCP 6.45. Kelly's Heroes ®. LCP 7.35. May 15-18th: Alan Acykbourn's \ Next week: By the producer of Next week: Bruce Lee in Enter Howe the Other Half Loves. 7.30. 1 [ "Bullit" and "The French Ccn- The Dragon ® plus Cleopatra 14th, 8.00 pm. Thrills | nection" The Seven Ups plus Lady Jones ®. LCP not available. THE HOLLIES j Ice (see review). GRAND Get your free copy of ODEON MERRION HYDE PARK ' Tonight 7.30: Phyllis Calvert in | 'Student Traveller' now Tonight and tomorrow: Orson Crown Matrimonial. Tomorrow ] Tonight and tomorrow: King 5 pm and 8.00 pm (tee review), j plus SNAFU 1 Kung FM with Alex Lung ® plus Welles in The Third Han, plus from your student union, Jane Fonda and Edward Fox in Next week: Sadler's Wells I I Those Who Kill ®. LCP 7.00. Opera. your student travel office Next week: Not available. Joseph Losey's A Doll's House ® TICKETS: 80p from Services/Porters LCP 8.35. or direct from: TOWER Next week: David Niven in The cmc May 13-18th: Bertolt Brecht & NUS Travel Tonight and tomorrow: Robert Statue plus Lisa Minelli in Cabaret ; Blake in Electra Glide in Blue ® ®. LCP Sunday 6.15, weekdays Kurt Weill • The Threepenny 117 Euston Road | plus Charles Bronson and jack 6.40. Opera. ; Pallance in ditto's Land ®. LCP London NYV12SX Next Week — [ 6.40. SWARTHMORE 01-387 9456 (20 lines) Next week: Brigitte Bardot and | Claudia Cardinale in The Legend Compiled by CENTRE The largest § of French!* Kins ® plus Leslie Tomorrow and Sunday: Brecht \ Phillips in Not Now Darling ®. Workshop: Play readings, films, student travel bureau STEELY DAN . LCP 6.55 weekdays, 6.20 Sundays. Julie Curtis etc in the world Leeds PRATT ON BEST FORM Carnegie athletes launched into the new Carnegie athletes star season with a vengeance last weekend, sweep­ Student ing the board at the British Colleges Sports in colleges championships Association Athletics championships. Chris Pratt won both the shot clocked a brilliant 55 seconds Carnegie had the privi­ national class, from all and the discus, achieving a in the 400, perhaps the best personal best of 49 feet 10 performance of the day. lege of being the first ever over the country. inches in the former. Carl RESULTS IN FULL Ignoring the hindrance of Newman, another Leeds man, 100,n: JACKSON (Leeds & Carne- college to stage this new gie) 11.5 200m JACKSON 22.9. event, which attracted a strong wind, the Leeds men came second to Pratt in both 400m: HATCH (Alsager) 50.1. stormed to victories in most events. 800m: MOTTERSHEAD (Alitor) over 200 competitors, of the major events. There were more double 1-56.5. 1500m: MILNE (Notting­ your weekly newspaper many of them of inter­ ham) 3-59,3. 5000m: COLE (Inci­ Carnegie President-elect successes on the track, with ter) 14-37.2. 300m steeplechase: Carnegie's junior internatio­ SALMON (Alsager) 9-44.6. 110m nal sprinter Keith Jackson hurdles: HAMBLEY (Leeds & Car­ negie) 16.00. 400m hurdles: HAM- easily outstripping strong BLEY 55.00. Javelin: FROBISHER fields to walk away with both (Leeds & Carnegie) 55.94. High the 100 and 200 metres titles, jump: MAGUIRE ( Jordanhill) 1.85. Shot: PRATT (Leeds & Carnegie) in 11.5 and 22.9 respectively. 14.81. Discus: PRATT 39.62. Triple second Hurdler Paul Hambley, too, Jump: FAIRLAMB (Nottingham) ran superbly to with both the 13.09. Long jump: THOMPSON The much improved Poly (Cardiff) 6.20. Hammer: BOWDEN 110 and 400 metres hurdles. (Alsager) 41.34. Pol* Vault: KEEN Volleyball side was beaten Despite a contrary wind, he (Cardiff) 3.50. into second place by Maltby in the Yorkshire Development Shield last weekend. Eleven teams took part in Garnett puts Poly golfers the event, held at Rothwell Sports Centre, which was open to all second division into third place teams in the Yorkshire Vol­ A team from Leeds came third in the Polytechnics leyball League. The Poly was Golf Championships played at Edgbaston, Birmingham the highest placed student team in the tournament with on Monday. Carnegie next in fourth place. Varsity man going for the high jump The Leeds trio finished only one shot behind New­ Gymnasts The teams played in three castle who were second with separate pools with the win­ a score of 392 while the strike gold ners of each group going into Now track success for Bird winners Bristol had a five University gymnasts were a play off for the top three round total of 371. Each on top form in the Leeds places. Leeds Poly had to The University Athletics put themselves 60 points clear ped home to clinch another team brought off a convincing of their nearest rival at the victory for the home team. member of the eleven teams Open Trampoline Champion­ fight hard for victory against taking part played two rounds ships held in the University Sheffield College of Educa­ win against opposition from end of the day. And Hay collected the 110 four other Universities, in metres hurdles title. of the par 72 course with the Sports Hall last weekend. tion but gained an easy win Leeds' Russell-Smith came best five scores forming the Leeds man Chris Stok car­ against Bradford United to their first fixture of the season at Weetwod last week. home in fine style to win the In the field events, Leeds team's total. ried of the gold medal in the go into the play off with 200 metres, and Lee captured man Lewis won not only the For Leeds Andrew Garnett men's section and was a mem­ Maltby VC and Leeds Athle­ The Leeds men over­ both the 800 and 1500 metres long jump and the triple had rounds of 80 and 74, ber of the Leeds University tic Institute. shadowed strong contingents titles. Tony Bird, forsaking jump, but also finished second Martin Cooper 7 7 and 81 and team which won the men's The Institute side was no from Nottingham, Sheffield, his normal role of cross in the high jump. Mason con­ Peter King 82 and 81. Gar­ team trophy. match for the Poly team Bradford and Hull Universi­ country runner, took to the cluded the rout with a superb nett who had the best total However Carol Jelly could which included the college ties, winning so many of the track for the gruelling 2000 45.38 metre throw to emerge score of the three was fifth only manage second place and sports adminstrator George field and track events as to metres steeplechase, and rom­ triumphant in the hammer. overall in the competition. a silver medal in her event. Bulman who is an experien­ ced volleyball player. But after winning 15-6, 15-6 a- THE WINNER OF LAST WEEK'S COMPETITION WAS gainst the Institute, the Poly Mixed fortunes for Penny Garton, Charles Morris Hall, Leeds 2 were narrowly beaten by ffifetta Maltby who took the title. varsity cricketers The University cricket teams had mixed fortunes Compiled by last weekend in their matches against Liverpool at U WIN Weetwood. the toss and scored 164 then Arthur Percy's tips for this week are: shot the visitors out for 100. In the first team match, CLUES ACROSS Friday, 3.30 Lingfield Leeds lost the toss and went I Bits scattered round? I PREBIHAS (nap.) in to bat first. A good knock Canoeists win n»ke it i dispersal! Friday, 5.00 Ayr of 34 by top scorer Kirkbridge Leeds gained an easy vic­ 9 Return of Greek sor- ROBERTON could do nothing to prevent tory in the Polytechnics ceres with US money is Slalom Canoe Championships slightly mad (9). Friday, 8.05 Leicester a poor innings total of 80. 10 Give it hack to an ar­ TROTTY last Sunday. The three mem- tist to put on her head The Liverpool batsmen in bers of the winning team Saturday, 2.30 Lingfield their innings hit out confi­ were Poly canoe club mem­ 11 Two sets together? No. dently, and despite the bad bers Hooley, Locke and one set of six (6). SNOW NIGHT light, did not take long to 12 Being amongst the reeds, Beaver. this may belong to a Saturday, 3.00 Lingfield reach the required total for BIGRIBO (nap) International star John member of an 11 (8). the loss of only two wickets. 13 An item retroactive in Saturday, 3JO Lingfield Hooley was also individual affiliated majority (6). MUNINBIA The second team, on the champion in the Canadian 15 I have nothing to do Saturday, 1.30 Ayr other hand, made short work Class event which he won by with secret operation: it's confidential (8). JINNYLYN of the opposition. They won three and a half minutes. !8 The pleasures of French illuminations? (8). 19 The ambusher is a right ending to a sort of24 (6). There is always a Book Sale 21 Arriving at the correct time, of the point, pro­ perly (8). 23 Entertains a poetical inspiration (6). at MILES 26 Nothing on the green unconcealed (5). 27 Given rude construction plus having to be done gram­ matically (9). 28 Recent confinement of An Ever Changing Stock of vulgar old Bob. Break­ ing out again? (12). 14 Gifted lady of the SOLUTION TO MARINER No. 8 BELOW plume led astray? (8). SECOND-HAND BOOKS CLUES DOWN 16 Chaps set about demo­ Put clothes on a kind lishing ten buildings (9). BROWSERS WELCOME of crab, it seems (7). 17 Takepound from neck- (EllBBGIBEiaHIIQIEIEIIlEBU I Try harder when they're grabber for unknown pulled iip (5). person (8). affiOmmEfflSffliiiBiisBij Rind turns green in translation (9). 18 Disapprove of old mem­ "HIMHBailHBSKnBE Make a hole in the rifle, ber of House of Lords, §8EEBHH(TJ(Y'[FW[T)«E JAMES MILES (LEEDS) LTD. we hear (4). somehow (7). m»««SBlBifflB!E(Eim|S! Cattle milling around on 20 Whk.t "makes calamity the old ship are acci­ of so long life", accor­ HEmHlBlojUIElxBSlEISBffl 80 WOODHOUSE LANE, LEEDS LS2 8AB dentally offensive (8). ding to Hamlet (7). ; Water creature is war­ mer, so says the Cock­ 22 Bird the French have EBB^BBfuBffiBBloBag] ney (5). a name for? (5). Greatly upset about it 24 Without this you're a IBSBElFlESIHEffliBilPlTj STUMPED FOR SOMEWHERE GOOD TO EAT? YOU'LL BE BOWLED OVER BY being returned in Con­ coward (51. tinental money (7). 25 Reared what is con­ USEHMCMlNBt.ft'E Phil Sharpe's BAKE 'N' TAKE Artist in sudden fall in sumed daily, we hear the shower (8). (4). LBBEBSIBHSHSBrcJ'DlAJffia at 300 HAREHILLS LANE, LEEDS 9 — TELEPHONE 621549 THE FIRST CORRECT SOLUTION WINS £1 WORTH Ol mrtKlEl^BllBlBCDBfTjBii Pitch Into torn* «l our special deliveries: BARBECUED CHICKEN ft RIBS, TASTY PIES * CHICKEN SUPREME BOOKS FRON BOOKS, 14 WOODHOUSE LANE, LEEDS 2 FRESH SANDWICHES ft BAKED POTATOES it it n DISCOUNT ON PRODUCTION OF THIS AD Entries should be sent tot The Editor, Leeds Student, @BsiBmiHEiMBi§mm[o][N] WTRi NEAR THE COMPTON ROAD CROSSROADS CLOSE OF PLAY 11 JO p.m. 15S WoodhouM Lane, Leeds 2. And arrive not later than 'o][B](l[s|lB(llB[uBro]Brp!Bro first post on Tuesday. iBSBiimnEBigmiigi PuMMitd by 'LM4S itudrnt'. 155 Woodhoui. Un.. Lodl 1 T«l. 3907! J 30171 ind Prlnttd by fUfam (Prtnun) Ltd.. » Iwthley Rc*d, LM4> LSIO IBG. T.I, 21404 AS advertising contracted by ths Ads HsiMfsr, 155 Woodhouw Uns, L«*d» 1 lUgtlMrsd M t nanvspapsr with ths GPO