Technical Committee

English

TECHNICAL COMMITTEE

Co‐chaired by

Mr. Du Yue Mr. Naveen Srivastava

Secretary-General of the Chinese National Ambassador of India Commission for UNESCO Embassy of China Embassy of India

Organized by

Siem Reap – September 29, 2016 – APSARA National Authority Premises

INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016

STANDING SECRETARIAT

CONTACT

Phnom Penh

OCM Building – West Building E2-09, Russian Fed. Blvd., Phnom Penh

Preah Vihear

Thamacheat village, Sraem commune, Choam Khsant district, Preah Vihear province

Tel.: +855 23 219 124 Email: [email protected]

INTERNATIONAL CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I- OPENING SESSION ...... 3 I.1 Statement by His Excellency Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of India to Cambodia, Embassy of India to Cambodia ...... 3 I.2 Remarks by His Excellency Hao Ping Chairman of the National Commission of China for UNESCO, Deputy-Minister of Education of China, Co-chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear ...... 4 I.3 Statement by His Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, Chairman of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Cambodia ...... 6 I.4 Video Statement by His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and President of the Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO ...... 6 II- ACTIVITY REPORTS ...... 9 II.1 Report on the ICC-Preah Vihear activity, by the Permanent Scientific Secretary, Professor Azedine Beschaouch ...... 9 II.2 Report on the Preah Vihear National Authority activity, by His Excellency Kim Sedara, President of the Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 10 III - ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS ...... 13 III.1 New status of Koh Ker Site, by His Excellency Mr. Kong Puthikar, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 13 III.2 New status of Phnom Tbeng National Park, by Mr. Seng Soth, Deputy Director- General, Ministry of the Environment ...... 14 IV.A - TECHNICAL Reports on Preah Vihear Temple: ...... 15 IV.A.1 Risk Map and Conservation Works, by Mr. Chhoun Bunnath, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 15 IV.A.2 Archeological Map, by Mr. Pheng Sameoun, Preah Vihear National Authority ... 17 IV.A.3 Forest Conservation and Restoration, by Mr. Khou Lenghourt, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 19 IV.B - Implementation Report on Tourism and Development ...... 21 IV.B.1 Progress Report on Museum, by Mr. Sam Piseth, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 21 IV.B.2 Tourism Management, by Mr. Heng Samrith, Preah Vihear National Authority .. 23 IV.B.3 Community Development: Case of the Eco-village and Stoeung Kheav Village, by Mr. Young Sophack, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 24 General discussion ...... 27 V - Technical Reports on Koh Ker Site ...... 31 V.1 Overview of Koh Ker Archeological Site, by His Excellency Mr. Kong Puthikar, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 31 V.2 Historical Background & Archeology of the Koh Ker site, by Mr. Phin Pheakdey, Preah Vihear National Authority ...... 33 General discussion ...... 35 VI - International Activities ...... 40

VI.1 Remarks by His Excellency Mr. Nuttavudh Photisaro, Ambassador of Thailand to Cambodia ...... 40 VI.2 Remarks by the representative from Belgium ...... 41 VI.3 Remarks by the representative from China...... 42 VII - ICC RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 43 VII.1 Presentation of the recommendations by Mr. Azedine Beschaouch, Standing Secretary of the ICC-Preah Vihear ...... 43 VII. 2 Discussion on the recommendation ...... 44 VII.3 Approval of the Recommendations by the ICC ...... 47 General discussion ...... 48 RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 50 VIII - CLOSING SESSION ...... 51 VIII.1 Closing remarks from His Excellency Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of India, Embassy of India in Cambodia ...... 51 VIII.2 Closing remark from His Excellency Dr Yim Nolla, Senior Minister of the Council of Ministers of the Royal Government of Cambodia ...... 51 VIII.3 Closing remarks from His Excellency Mr Du Yue, Secretary-General of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO ...... 52 List of Participants ...... 54

NOTICE: The languages used during the sessions of the ICC are English, French and Khmer. In the English language record of the discussions, all material spo- ken originally in French or Khmer is therefore a translation. Presentations and comments made originally in French are indicated by [OrigF] at the beginning of the contribution. The insertion [OrigK] shows that the original statement was in Khmer.

RECORD OF THE DISCUSSIONS

I- OPENING SESSION

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Good morning, distinguished Ladies and Gen- tlemen, Senior Minister Mr. Yim Nolla and Mr. Hao Ping, Vice Minister of Education from the People’s Republic of China. My name is Nareem, Ambassador of India, representing the Archaeological Survey of India and Co-chairman of this Technical Session of the Preah Vi- hear-ICC. My distinguished Co-chairman from China, Mr. Due Yue, and I are very glad to be here and to have this opportunity once again to co-chair this particular session. Let me first take this opportunity to invite His Excellency Yim Nolla, Senior Minister of the Council of Ministers to present his opening remarks. Please.

Thank you for your patience Ladies and Gentlemen; let me make my opening remarks. I think you all have a copy of the agenda. I will make my opening remarks and then I will invite the Co-chairman from China to make his remarks after which the Senior Minis- ter will give the welcoming speech.”

I.1 Statement by His Excellency Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of India to Cambodia, Embassy of India to Cambodia

“Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister of the Council of Ministers Distinguished members of the International Co-ordinating Committee, His Excellency Mr Hao Ping from China, Ladies and Gentlemen, It is my honour and privilege to join you this morning for the second Technical Ses- sion of the ICC-Preah Vihear. Let me take this opportunity to thank first of all the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Preah Vihear National Authority for the excellent work they have carried out and the support they have been providing for the work of our Co- ordinating Committee. I would also like to compliment them for the excellent arrangements made, as they have done so always.

Ladies and Gentlemen in the last few sessions, both plenary and technical, we had a very good set of presentations on the work carried out, in terms of fulfilling the mandate of the ICC. Within these presentations excellent discussions have been held and a set of recommendations were agreed on at the last plenary meeting. Particularly, I would like to recall the discussions which were held in March of this year at the last Plenary Session, where specific recommendations were made on how to go about performing the restoration and conservation work at Preah Vihear. I also recall that I, representing the government of India, commented that we would be making specific arrangement and particularly would make concrete suggestions as to what work we could carry out at Preah Vihear Temple.

Distinguished Ladies and Gentlemen,

It has been said earlier and I would like to recall that the ICC-Preah Vihear is unique, as in this case there is a single temple on which several international teams are working together to restore it to its previous glory. In this spirit and on the basis of the excellent past experience that India has had in co-operation with the Royal Government of Cambodia and also the APSARA National Authority authority on the restoration of Ta Prohm Temple, I am pleased to convey that the government of India has decided to convey its willingness to 3

undertake conservation and restoration work at Preah Vihear temple, specifically on Gopura V and some segments of Gopura I.

I wish to recall here that at the last Plenary Session our distinguished colleagues from China had indicated that they would be doing the work on Gopura II, III and I. They also very graciously indicated that they would be happy to co-operate with India and other international partners in doing this work, and specifically on Gopura I. India would like to work with China at future points to specifically see how we should restore this work.

Unfortunately, today I do not have the presence of our technical colleague from the Archaeological Survey of India since we received notice a little bit late and the procedures of the government of India require a certain amount of time before they can get their approval to come. But, I would like to add that we will have a technical team of the Archaeological Survey of India coming and stationing itself in Siem Reap next month, as they prepare the start of the next phase of work at the Ta Prohm Temple at the Angkor Archaeological complex. This team will also be mandated to do a detailed survey of the work that has been entrusted or that we are willing to do in Preah Vihear complex. And they will also work with Chinese colleagues bases here to see how the collaboration on Go- pura I can proceed.

Our expectations as the Government of India is that this team should be able to produce a detailed work plan for the work at Gopura V in a short period of time and we will come back to the ICC-Preah Vihear to seek approval for their plan when they are ready.

Ladies and Gentlemen, I think this is going to be an excellent example of India and China working together. We are already the Co-chairs, but we will be working together practically to restore the Preah Vihear Temple to its original glory. I think it is also going to be an excellent example for other partners to join us and ensure that this work gets done at the earliest, and most efficiently.

With these words I would like to conclude my opening remarks; I look forward to the fruitful discussion at the technical session today. I would like to assure you of India’s fullest commitment to carry out the work of the ICC-Preah Vihear.

I now invite Dr. Hue to make his opening remarks.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you Ambassador. I am very pleased to be in Siem Reap following the last session. I am now delighted to invite His Excellency Min- ister Hao Ping, as Co-chair of this Committee, to deliver a speech on behalf of the Committee and also of the Chinese government. Your Excellency, please.”

I.2 Remarks by His Excellency Hao Ping Chairman of the National Commission of China for UNESCO, Deputy-Minister of Education of China, Co-chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear

“Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Distinguished ambassadors and members of the International Co-ordinating Committee, Respectable experts, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Good morning. It is such a great pleasure to meet you again, six months after our last session. I wish to express my profound gratitude to the Royal Government of Cambo- dia, for hosting this important family reunion of the ICC-Preah Vihear: I feel like being back home.

Actually this is my fourth visit to Cambodia in the past two years. Thanks to the international co-ordination and co-operation mechanism that we established together, I have had the opportunity to admire the unique beauty of the temple of Preah Vihear, and to experience the exceptional richness of historical and cultural sites on the land of the ancient Khmer Empire. What is more important, friendship among committee members and experts from all parts of the world has been forged through our joint efforts and close collaboration. This friendship makes the ICC-Preah Vihear a home to us all.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

Cultural heritage constitutes a source of identity and pride, and its protection is essential for cultural diversity, human dignity and sustainable development. But we are suffering from loss of cultural heritage every day, cultural cleansing, armed conflicts, as well as devastating natural disasters, such as the recent earthquake in Myanmar.

I felt comforted when the International Criminal Court opened in August its first trial regarding the destruction of mausoleums, condemning the deliberate destruction of historical monuments and buildings of religious significance as war crimes, after years of efforts coordinated by UNESCO. I am inspired to read about the re-opening of museums in Nepal after one year’s hard work by the international community.

These tell us that in a context of complicated change and rising violence, international consensus and joint efforts in the protection of World Heritage as common assets of humankind is the key way to foster mutual understanding, dialogue and social cohesion. To safeguard our cultural identity and collective memory, and to pass it on to the next generation, we need to strengthen international solidarity, in mind and in action.

Solidarity and unity for living together is the key message embodied in the four meetings of ICC-Preah Vihear, held in the spirit of the UNESCO 1972 Convention. The ICC meetings have consolidated our consensus and determination to implement the decision of the 28th session of the World Heritage Committee. The meetings have also brought up concrete recommendations engaging wide range of countries and partners to provide financial and technical assistance.

Today, I am more than happy to celebrate the progress on conservation and development of the Temple of Preah Vihear with a series of archaeological survey and studies, and especially the restoration plan for the 5 gopuras. Such progress would not be possible without the ICC mechanism.

I wish to commend the Royal Government of Cambodia, under the strong leadership of his Excellency Deputy Prime Minister Sok An, for having taken important legal steps to create a National Authority for the protection of the site of Preah Vihear, to establish protected zones and elaborate the management plan.

I am pleased to share with you that the State Administration of Cultural Heritage (SACH) of China has deployed an expert team to start up studies and works on Gopuras I to III. Representatives from SACH, of the Ministry of Commerce, as well as UNESCO’s strategic partners from the private sector, namely Perfect World and Hainan Airlines Group (HNA Group), have also joined us here to explore ways to contribute to the project.

Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is not stones that we are protecting. This is about protecting peoples, identities, human rights and the humanity that we share.

Today, I would like to reaffirm China’s commitment to joining hands with all of you for the better preservation of the precious heritage of Preah Vihear. I would also like to take this opportunity to invite you to China for an expert meeting of the ICC-Preah Vihear 5

this December or later, in Hainan province, the nearest place to Cambodia. The Chinese National Commission for UNESCO and HNA Group will extend their full support for this meeting, to put a new impulse into the ICC-Preah Vihear, and to renew our efforts to strengthen resilience, mutual understanding and lasting peace.

I look forward to vibrant discussions and enlightening proposals from today’s session. I wish it great success.

Thank you very much.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “I would now like to invite the Senior Minister, Mr. Yim Nolla, to make his remarks.”

I.3 Statement by His Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, Chairman of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council of Cambodia

[OrigF] “Distinguished Co-Chairs of the International Co-ordinating Committee for Preah Vi- hear, His Excellency Dr. Hao Ping, Deputy-Minister of Education and Chairperson of the National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

First of all, I wish to express my sincere gratiutude to their Excellencies the Co- chairmen. I would especially like to convey to you the regrets of His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and President of the Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO. Unfortunately, personal obligations have prevented him from taking part in our important works.

To represent him during this session, His Excellency has proposed to Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, that I lead the Cambodian delegation. Samdech Techo has decided to bestow this honour on me and I am very grateful.

Please kindly be ensured that with the entire delegation who is accompanying me today, I will carefully follow your presentations and discussions.

For the opening session, His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister has decided to record his introductory remarks to be shared with you.

Here they are. Thank you for your kind attention.”

I.4 Video Statement by His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and President of the Cambodian National Commission for UNESCO

“Distinguished Co-Chairs of the International Co-ordinating Committee for Preah Vihear, His Excellency Dr. Hao Ping, Deputy-Minister of Education and Chairperson of the National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO, Dear Ambassadors and Representatives of the founding members of our Committee, Excellencies, Distinguished Professors and Experts, Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is with great pleasure and satisfaction that I send the present message to the In- ternational Co-ordinating Committee for Preah Vihear on the auspicious occasion of its 2nd Technical Session.

I would have liked to attend personally, as usual, this session and to have the opportunity to listen to you and to discuss with you about the past and future activities of our esteemed Committee. Personal obligations, unfortunately, do not allow me, as I wish, to be present, at this time, among all of you today.

Distinguished Co-Chairs,

First of all, I would like to pay tribute to Your Excellencies. Your personal commitment, the financial and technical contribution of your two countries, China and India, will give a decisive impetus to the international action in favour of conservation and development of the World Heritage Site of Preah Vihear.

May I recall now that during the opening ceremony of the 2nd Plenary Session of the Committee, on the 21st of March this year, I mentioned the possibility of placing the archaeological site of Koh Ker - site of the ancient capital of the Khmer Empire from 921 to 944 - under the responsibility of the Preah Vihear National Authority.

I have the privilege to announce that this possibility has become a reality, with the full support of Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, the Prime Minister. A Royal Decree dated 22nd of April, 2016, transferred the management of the Koh Ker site from the APSARA National Authority to the Preah Vihear National Authority. Moreover, confirming His highest interest for Koh Ker and heritage in general, His majesty the King Norodom Siha- moni visited recently the site.

Allow me, therefore, dear Co-chairs, to invite our ICC to consider the importance of the Koh Ker Complex, a site of great significance with its numerous temples (about 50) as well as its huge forest and its vast site (7 x 5 Km); it needs special attention, and adequate conservation and development in the near future need to be devoted to this site.

In particular, we shall not forget that this ancient capital of Jayavarman IV, between 921 and 944, produced some of the most spectacular Khmer architecture and sculpture, notably the famous seven-tiered pyramid culminating at 35 meters. The statues of this site portray the dramatic character of what is called the Koh Ker style, which is now called ‘sculpture in movement’, which includes masterpieces that were illegally taken during the decade following the 1970’s from one of the temples, known as Prasat Chen. The Royal Government of Cambodia, through co-operation with the United States of America, has recently succeeded in bringing home these statues. For the scholars, this art is unique and astonishing.

The site also boasts a splendid pyramid of 35 metres’ height, Prasat Thom. I am very happy to inform our Committee that our friend, the Kingdom of Thailand, has agreed to undertake the restoration of this magnificent temple.

I hope also that Germany, through the activities of Professor Hans Leisen and Hun- gary, through the Hungarian Indochina Company (HUNINCO) and Japan, through the research conducted by Professor Takeshi Nakagawa and his team from Waseda University, will continue to provide their respective valuable contributions.

Excellencies, dear founders of the ICC for Preah Vihear, Ladies and Gentlemen

The President of the National Authority for Preah Vihear, His Excellency Dr. Kim Sedara, will present a comprehensive report on the activities of the Preah Vihear National Authority. He will highlight the priorities for the Preah Vihear Temple, its environment and

the communities living in the zone, but also the main challenges and difficulties will also be raised.

The technical staff of the National Authority will present in detail not only the conservation works for archaeology and forests, but also the important programmes related to the Eco-global Museum and tourism management.

Taking this opportunity, I would like to emphasize five important points:

Firstly, thanks to the consistent efforts of His Excellency Dr. Hao Ping and his colleagues from different ministries, we are delighted that China is undertaking the restoration and conservation of three temples in Preah Vihear and another temple in the Angkor Ar- chaeological Park, that of Ta Keo. Recently, Premier Li Keqiang has infomed Prime Minister Samdech Akka Moha Sena Padei Techo Hun Sen, of the official decision which was fast- tracked especially by the Chinese Government. On behalf of the Royal Government, I would like to express our profound gratitude to the Chinese government for the strong support provided to the World Heritage sites of Angkor and Preah Vihear.

Point two: We highly welcome and appreciate the offer from India to undertake the restoration and conservation of Gopura V of the Temple of Preah Vihear.

Third point: to facilitate the conservation and promotion of tourism and generally for the visit to the Preah Vihear Temple, we need to repair the unfinished part of the road link- ing to the top of the mountain. Therefore, we have warmly welcomed and appreciated the promise made by the representative of the United States of America on this matter. We hope that this will be realised soon.

Point four: I am also pleased to inform our Committee about the willingness of the Russian Federation to carry out conservation and restoration work at Gopura IV of the Temple. Therefore, I instructed the Preah Vihear National Authority to collect the data about this Gopura and to prepare a detailed technical file, including a financial assessment.

Finally, point five: I would like to request once again the possible contributions of other colleagues among the founder members of the ICC. As I said during the previous plenary session: ‘the task is huge and sometimes the challenges are enormous. You will never be too many to successfully carry out this endeavour’’.

Dear Co-Chairs, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Before concluding this message, I would like to express my deep and sincere regrets for my enforced absence from such an esteemed meeting. I would like to wish that our friends will be able to commence activities for the conservation and restoration of this World Heritage Site very soon. I wish the second technical session fruitful deliberation and success. I wish to your Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen good health and happiness.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “I would like to thank the Senior Minister Yim Nolla, representing the Cambodian delegation for his remarks and also those made by His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Sok An, who highlighted the works that have to be undertaken at Preah Vihear. I am happy to note that besides China and India other countries have indicated their willingness to co-operate in the work and we look forward to hearing from their representatives as to how they wish to proceed.

We now would like to move on to the session on activity reports and it is my pleasure to invite Professor Mr. Beschaouch, Scientific Secretary of the Preah-Vihear ICC, to make his remarks.” 8

II- ACTIVITY REPORTS

II.1 Report on the ICC-Preah Vihear activity, by the Permanent Scientific Secretary, Professor Azedine Beschaouch

“Distinguished Co-Chairs, Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, Your Excellency Dr. Hao Ping, Excellencies, Dear colleagues, Ladies and Gentlemen,

First of all, I would like to express once again, on behalf of the Secretariat, our sincere gratitude to His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, to our Co-chairs for China and India, to His Excellency Dr. Kim Sedara, President of the National Authority for Preah Vihear, as well as to the Authority’s administrative and technical staff.

Of course, your precious trustful Secretariat includes my colleagues: Her Excellency Ms. Chau Sun Kérya from the APSARA National Authority, His Excellency Mr. Kong Puthikar from the National Authority for Preah Vihear, Mr. Philippe Delanghe from the Phnom Penh UNESCO Office, as well as our excellent moderator Mr. Lim Bun Hok.

We have worked between sessions, mainly with the Preah Vihear National Authority teams, to monitor works in the field and to ensure in particular the respect of obligations related to a site listed on the UNESCO World Heritage List.

Moreover, we have prepared with them the technical items of the agenda for this present Session. But in conformity with the special recommendations of His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, we have also focused on the future, giving special importance to the development of tourism and especially of the Eco-Global Museum.

Following the good example given by the Secretariat of the IC-Angkor during more than two decades, our Secretariat’s duties include preparation, organization and logistics of the ICC meetings as well as the publication of the report.

Dear Co-Chairs, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Allow me to take the opportunity of this opening session to present the report of the previous second Plenary Session of the Committee, held as you know on the 21st of March, 2016, and co-chaired by His Excellency Mr. Du Yue for China and His Excellency Mr. Naveen Srivastava for India.

This report in English and in Khmer will be circulated before the coffee break. Later in the afternoon, with the authorisation of the Co-chairs, I will have the pleasure to present to you the draft recommendations.

Thank you very much for your kind attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you professor for your remarks. I would now like to invite His Excellency Dr. Kim Sedara for his detailed presentation of the acitivi- ties of the authority.” 9

II.2 Report on the Preah Vihear National Authority activity, by His Excellency Kim Sedara, President of the Preah Vihear National Authority

“Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister in Charge of Special Missions and Chairman of the Economic, Social and Cultural Council Your Excellency Dr. Hao Ping, Deputy-Minister of Education and Chairman of the People’s Republic of China’s National Commission for UNESCO Your Excellency Mr. Du Yue, Secretary General of the National Commission of the People’s Republic of China for UNESCO and Co-Chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear Your Excellency Mr. Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of the Embassy of Republic of India and Co-chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear, Founding Members, Ministers, Excellencies, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen

Today, in the conference hall of the APSARA National Authority, it is my great honour and the privilege of the Preah Vihear National Authority to welcome the presence of His Excellency Yim Nolla and the delegation of the Royal Government of Cambodia, including representatives from the Ministry of Tourism, the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts and the Ministry of the Environment, as well as His Excellency Hao Ping, Deputy-Minister of Educa- tion and Chairman of the People’s Republic of China’s National Commission for UNESCO, His Excellency Du Yue, Secretary General of the People’s Republic of China’s National Commis- sion for UNESCO and Co-chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear, His Excellency Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of the Embassy of Republic of India and Co-chair of the ICC-Preah Vihear, together with our founding members, honourable guests, research scholars, ad hoc experts as well as distinguished national and international guests from relevant institutions to the second Technical Session of the International Co-ordinating Committee for Preah Vihear (ICC-Preah Vihear).

Taking this opportunity, I would like to draw your attention to the fact that this year marks the 10th Anniversary of the establishment of the Preah Vihear National Authority. The Preah Vihear National Authority was established under the Royal Decree dated on the 1st of June, 2006, with clearly defined objectives and a strong commitment from the Royal Gov- ernment of Cambodia to preserve and protect Cambodia’s cultural heritage, namely the Preah Vihear Temple Complex, an outstanding masterpiece of Khmer architecture that was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2008.

These ongoing efforts would not be successful without the strong determination of Samdech Techo Prime Minister and the wise leadership of His Excellency Dr. Sok An. He has worked tirelessly to protect, preserve and enhance the Temple of Preah Vihear and many other cultural heritage sites on the national and international arena. On behalf of the management team and staff of Preah Vihear National Authority, I would like to express my deepest gratitude to all national and international experts and to the international community for their unwavering support from day one.

Allow me to begin my technical report with some achievements of the Preah Vihear National Authority since its establishment in 2006:

The Special National Task Force, a mechanism combining the Preah Vihear National Authority, the provincial government and other relevant line ministries, has played a very important role in conservation and development work at the temple of Preah Vihear and surrounding areas. Its major achievements include the establishment of zoning for conservation of the temple in response to the World Heritage Committee request (by the Royal 10

Decree dated 10th of August, 2011) covering an area of 48,018 ha, the development of a new village (the eco-village with 2,500 households) with full infrastructure including road networks, schools, health centres, vocational training centres, pagodas, water reservoirs and so on. Also, the construction of Samdech Techo Eco-Global Museum, which was directly funded by Samdech Prime Minister, to collect and protect objects from the temple of Preah Vihear and nearby temples.

Further achievments include: Preservation and conservation works such as those concerning the Eastern and Western Barays, the wooden eastern staircase, reforestation, emergency conservation works at Gopuras I, II, III, IV and V and community development. All these efforts have been carried out by our dedicated workers, staff and experts in collaboration with national and international experts from the APSARA Authority and ad hoc teams. On top of that, a new office complex for the Preah Vihear National Authority has also been constructed with adequate equipment and has been in operation since January.

Our archaeological team, led by the Director of Archaeology, in close collaboration with the APSARA National Authority, has successfully unearthed and restored the ancient drainage system along the Royal Causeway between Gopuras IV and V, which has signifi- cantly reduced (up to 85 per cent) rainwater on the causeway. In addition to this, risk maps and archaeological maps have been continuously updated so as to ensure that the temple of Preah Vihear and archaeological sites, as well as other smaller temples within the vicinity of the conservation zone, are closely monitored.

Moreover, on the 9th of July, 2016, the Preah Vihear National Authority, in collaboration with the Forestry Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, successfully celebrated National Tree Planting Day, presided over by Samdech Sena Vibol Pheakdey Say Chhum, Royal Representative of His Majesty Norodom Sihamoni. This event saw not only the planting of 11,111 trees on an area of 11 ha at the foot of the mountain, it also served to convey a strong message expressing the commitment of the Royal Gov- ernment of Cambodia to promote tree planting and the preservation of the forest and wild life, particularly at the eco-historical and archaeological site of Preah Vihear.

While our priority focuses on the conservation of the temple, the environment and forestry team has performed well in restoring the landscape of the site. In this effort, His Excellency Dr. Sok An initiated the idea of tree planting in Preah Vihear, for example on the 2nd of December, 2014, he planted many trees in Zone II of the Preah Vihear National Park. Furthermore, the Department of the Environment, Forestry and Water Management has planted 5,110 trees in zone II and along the way up to the mountain, covering an area of about 25 ha, including preservation of the natural forest.

Taking the opportunity of this auspicious occasion, I have the honour to inform the session that following the commitment made by the Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Sok An during the second Plenary Session in March, the Royal Government of Cambodia has transferred the management of Koh Ker Complex to the Preah Vihear National Authority, by the Royal Decree dated 22nd of April, 2016, along with three archaeologists and 25 workers who are currently working under the APSARA National Authority.

In an effort to better manage the site, the Preah Vihear National Authority has as- signed 15 staff ranging from Deputy Director of department level to workers to be stationed permanently at the site in charge of its daily operations. The team consists of staff from the departments of Archaeology, Tourism, Urban Planning and the Environment, Forestry and Water Management and Conservation Rangers.

Additionally, with the approval from the Deputy Prime Minister, the Preah Vihear Na- tional Authority has established a Joint Committee between the Preah Vihear National Authority and the provincial authority to tackle illegal logging and land grabbing at the site. Among the Committee are three working-groups: (1) Public Awareness; (2) Household Survey and Land Registration and (3) Legal and Intervention. Among the three working 11

groups, the Public Awareness Team commenced its work in August this year and covered four villages within the Conservation Zone and the neighbouring site. The Household Sur- vey and Land Registration Team will start work in October this year to demarcate land occupation at the site.

In addition to the above achievements, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all the collaborative research and study partners as well as donor countries for their contribution in unveiling the historical and archaeological mystery of the Temple of Preah Vihear and the Koh Ker site. I would like to thank Waseda, Meijo Universities and the Uni- versity of Tokyo of Japan for their contribution to the research on temple structure and their perspective on community development at the site of Koh Ker. Other institutions co- operating with the Preah Vihear National Authority on research on the Koh Ker complex have been greatly appreciated, include the ISEAS Institute, the Hungarian Southeast Asian Research Institute, the Ecole Française d’Extreme-Orient (EFEO), the Singaporean government and other agencies.

Despite all these efforts made by the Preah Vihear National Authority and the strong commitment from the Royal Government of Cambodia, I would like to call on the ICC-Preah Vihear member countries and relevant agencies to fulfil their pledges in conservation and restoration works which are indeed in critical condition and require urgent intervention.

Thus far, the Chinese government has expressed its commitment to restore Gopuras I, II, and III; the Indian government will take up the restoration of Gopura V; the United States of America has promised to repair the last stretch of the road up the mountain; and the Thai government has planned restoration and conservation work at Koh Ker Complex. Moreover, the Russian Federation expressed to His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister, Dr. Sok An, its willingness to carry out conservation and restoration works on Gopura IV of Preah Vihear Temple. I fully believe that if all the relevant agencies could put their commitments into practice, there will definitely be great achievements for Preah Vihear, World Heritage Site and for the Koh Ker Complex.

Despite all the efforts and commitments from the Royal Government of Cambodia, the Preah Vihear National Authority is still facing many challenges and requires further support from our Co-chairs and founding members, the international community, national and international experts, and relevant technical institutions, in three main areas: (1) Capacity building and human resource development; (2) environment and forest protection and (3) equipment and financial assistance for the conservation and restoration works on the site.

Senior Minister, Ministers, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen

May I once again express my profound thanks to all of you for being here at this meeting today, and may this session produce very successful and fruitful deliberation.

Thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Excellency Kim Sedara for your detailed presentation. I particularly take note that the number of domestic and international tourists has been rising at the site of Preah Vihear, which is a good sign, as it is conducive to a more sustainable operation. I also take note of the remarks that you made, which were also made by His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Sok An, with regard to the transfer under your authority of the Complex of Koh Ker. I hope that, as you indicated, Thailand might be undertaking work at that particular complex.

As regards the ICC-Preah Vihear, India has stated what it wants to do and we will work with other partners, at least to note the contributions or commitments made by other governments. We certainly take note of your requirements in the particular fields that you mentioned and I would urge all the partners of the ICC to consider this request carefully 12

and also to consider what they can additionally offer to help the Preah Vihear National Au- thority in meeting its mandate.

We have completed the morning session and it is time for a coffee break of 15 minutes. I hope you have a strong cup of coffee and when we come back we will listen to the administrative reports. Thank you.”

Comment from the moderator: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, one announcement. The report, as said by Mr. Beschaouch, will be distributed during the coffee break, but before you leave the room, please could we invite the Co-chairs, the Excellencies and all the delegates and ad hoc experts to come for the photo session for the second Technical Ses- sion of the ICC-Preah Vihear. No photo, no coffee break, this is the rule. Please, whether you want it or not, this is the rule. So, please proceed to the screen and we will take the photos.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you moderator. I hope that you all had a good cup of coffee and something to eat and are ready to listen to the different technical reports that wil be presented now. Ladies and Gentlemen, you heard in the morning from His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Sok An and also from His Excellency Kim Sedara about the transfer of the Koh Ker site to the Preah Vihear National Authority. There- fore, in the forthcoming reports we will have presentations on Koh Ker and also communications on the work being done at the Preah Vihear site, including tourism and forest conservation at that particular site. For the first report let me invite His Excellency Kong Phutikar on the New Status of the Koh Ker site. The floor is yours.”

III - ADMINISTRATIVE REPORTS

III.1 New status of Koh Ker Site, by His Excellency Mr. Kong Puthikar, Preah Vihear National Authority

“Excellency Senior Minister, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

[slide] On behalf of the the Preah Vihear National Authority, I would like to present today on the location of Koh Ker and on the legal framework at the site following the comments made by the Deputy Prime Minister this morning.

[slide] The site of Koh Ker is located in Sayang commune in the district of Kulen, in Preah Vihear province. As is shown by this slide in the red square. We can access the site from Siem Reap through Beng Mealea; it is about 120 kilometres, and from Koh Ker to the temple of Preah Vihear there are 134 km. From Preah Vihear to Siem Reap there are 243 km. A round trip from Siem Reap to Preah Vihear via Koh Ker and back to Siem Reap would represent about 500 km.

[slide] The site of Koh Ker fell under the management of the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts until 2005. It was on 17th of July, 2005, that the Royal Government of Cambodia decided to transfer the management of the site of Koh Ker to the APSARA National Authority, until the 22nd of April, 2016, when the Royal Government of Cambodia placed the site of

Koh Ker under the management of the Preah Vihear National Authority. [slide] This is the Royal decree signed by the Royal Government of Cambodia and His Majesty the King.

[slide] In 2014 a conservation zone was set up, as you can see on this map. The heritage site covers 8,000 ha and we also have the Green Belt extending over 298 ha which includes 500 metres on both sides of the road leading to the site of Koh Ker. The conservation zone has been divided into three parts: 1/ The core zone, which covers about 92 ha and includes the main temple and the village of Rohal; 2/ the buffer zone of about 3,500 ha and is classified as an archaeological zone home to smaller monuments, remains and artefacts located on or beneath the ground or in the forest that archaeologists have discovered or have yet to explore; 3/ the satellite zone, which is located 1500 metres from Zone II. This zone is dedicated to the preservation of cultural and natural environment through management measures that promote sustainable development with an appropriate environmental assessment.

On behalf of the Preah Vihear National Authority, the provincial department and also the local authorities of the Sayang commune, I would like to express our sincere thanks to the Royal Government of Cambodia which decided to transfer the management of Koh Ker to the Preah Vihear National Authority, especially for the provincial authorities of Preah Vi- hear, as the temple of Koh Ker is located in the territory of the province of Preah Vihear. Also a big thank you to the APSARA National Authority, which has contributed tremendously to the conservation and preservation at the site since 2005, once it took over from the Min- istry of Culture and Fine-arts. Another thank you to the Ministry of Culture and Fine-arts, which took the initiative of creating the zoning and guided us in the activities for the preservation of the site.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Phutikar. We now invite Mr. Seng Soth, Deputy Director-General at the Ministry of the Environment to present his report on the Phnom Tbeng National Park.”

III.2 New status of Phnom Tbeng National Park, by Mr. Seng Soth, Deputy Director- General, Ministry of the Environment

“Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, Representative of His Excellency Dr. Sok An Chairman of the APSARA National Authority, Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Colleagues,

[slide] I have the honour and privilege today to have been appointed by His Excellency Mr. Say Sam Al, Minister of the Environment, to present the Phnom Tbeng inscription to the List of the Phnom Tbeng National Park of Natural Heritage, according to the 13th of Septem- ber 2016 sub-decree.

[slide] I would like to seize this opportunity to inform the audience that two years ago the Ministry of the Environment officially commenced a policy to reform its institution. This policy is based on four key pillars: To modernise the institution, to protect the environment, and to preserve biodiversity and sustainable living. The Ministry of the Environment has established many protected natural areas that will be developed, as is the case for Phnom Tbeng. This is part of the Ministry’s political willingness to improve the enviroment in the country and to specifically meet the challenges related to global warming.

[slide] Phnom Tbeng is a large plateau extending north to south over 40 km for 16 km width and at an altitude ranging from 100 until 620 metres. It is located in the north of Cambodia, in Preah Vihear Province. A tropical forest boasting rare and endangered species 14

covers the site. The site has played a key role for the livelihoods of the daily life of the in- digenous minorities established in this area since the Angkorian time.

Once again, to have listed Phnom Tbeng in the National List of Natural Heritage aims at not only safeguarding the fauna and flora but also to protect and preserve the site’s cultural identity.

Finally, on behalf of the Ministry of the Environment, let me express my sincere gratitude to the international community, local and international NGOs and to all stakehold- ers that have actively contributed to the conservation and protection strategy of Cambodia’s culture heritage and natural resources.

I thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Seng Soth. We now have reports on the Preah Vihear Temple complex, including archaeology and conservation works carried out by the National Authority. I invite Mr. Chhuon Bunnath to present. As Mr. Bunnath is taking some time to get ready, let me add that after this presentation we will have presentations on the archaeological map and the forest conservation and restoration works at the Preah Vihear complex.”

Comment from the moderator: “Mr. Bunnath will present in Khmer, please prepare head- sets for the interpretation. Thank you.”

IV.A - TECHNICAL REPORTS ON PREAH VIHEAR TEMPLE:

IV.A.1 Risk Map and Conservation Works, by Mr. Chhoun Bunnath, Preah Vihear National Authority

[OrigK] “Your Excellency Yim Nolla, Senior Minister and Chairman of the Socio-Economic and Cultural Council, Excellencies Co-chairs, Ladies and Gentlemen,

It is my great pleasure to present to you the work on the preservation and conservation of Preah Vihear temple, with a focus on ‘the restoration of the drainage system between Gopuras 4 and 5.’ [slide] This is one part that we are going to show you later, and [slide] this picture shows the team of the Preah Vihear National Authority preparing to excavate a drainage system on the old drainage trace to release water from the causeway. In 2015, the team spent a lot of time working to install shoring to prop up temple structures considered to be at high risk, but this year we decided to concentrate on restoring the drainage system to release water from the causeway instead.

[slide] This is a risk map for the southern section of Preah Vihear temple. [slide] For these two locations, the working group had initially documented them as medium risk. But over time, the risk has become greater, partly due to the backfill on the western section close to Gopura 4. The backfill literally became a conduit for rain water to flood the causeway. The second part, which is on the eastern side of the causeway, has been cut off in gaps of 30 to 40 meters by the force of water runoff. Let me explain it: [slide] This is a drawing that ex- plains the movement of water. [slide] Here, we can see water flowing along the causeway, but mostly to the eastern part that causes damage to the embankment of the causeway.

[slide] Before setting out to excavate the canal, the working group conducted a topo- graphic survey to measure the altitude of the landscape surrounding the causeway, and this also included the altitude of the west side of the causeway. The survey showed that the landscape around the causeway sits 1 to 1.5 metres higher than the causeway, making it easy for water to flood it. After that the archaeology group decided to conduct preventive excavations to inspect the backfill soil.

[slide] In this picture we have the first pit next to Gopura 4. The top layer consists of soil that was apparently backfilled in a second stage. In the next layer, the backfill has a light red colour, a consequence of the reaction between water and stone. Deeper in the next layer we found fragments of roof tiles or ceramics. In the second pit we did not find any traces of drainage, but we did discover backfill soil in three layers. The first layer was the soil backfilled in recent years by local people preparing the site to set up vendor stalls after the war. The second layer is blackened as a result of a mixture of rotten plants and soil that was filled before the war. The third layer has a light red colour, and this is where we discovered many archaeological fragments, such as roof tiles and ceramics. The deepest layer is made of compacted soil that formed the basis onto which the causeway was built.

[slide] This is the third pit, where the working group dug all the way down to the natural stone layer. [slide] Here, we can see clearly the traces that our ancestors carved out to make the drainage, along with another stretch on the causeway where they paved to make a foot path.

[slide] This is the fourth pit. [slide] Here, we were also able to see clearly a thin layer of backfill after digging to just 30 cm. There was a trace of a stone cutting of about two metres long.

[slide] Our conclusion in this part is that the backfill was partly brought in by the water runoff and the activities of people preparing the site to set up business stalls after the war. A stone section exists in the 160-metre long causeway from Gopura 4. Points 1 and 2 shown on this slide indicate a section of mountain stones where our Khmer ancestors dug a canal. There are no clear traces of drainage in the mid-section and it consists only of a backfill which has been leveled out already. In the next stage of the work, our working group set up a parameter for excavation. We did not follow the old traces in our digging and had to retain the soil close to the causeway in order to prevent erosion.

[slide] This picture shows the digging activities. Where there were no stones we planted grass to help prevent erosion. In places with stones, we dug all the way down to the stones and we still had to plant grass in order to prevent erosion on both sides of the canal.

[slide] I would like to show the situations before and after the excavation. In the past, the water used to flow over the causeway, but today it has been diverted to run into the drainage instead. The entire causeway is no longer flooded, no matter how strong the rain may be. During the work to dig up the new canal, our team collected a number of archaeological objects. [slide] This is a tile fragment that was baked under high temperature. We usually call it stoneware, and this one is earthenware. These are roof tiles made of clay baked under high temperature. Over here we have ceramics that originated from China. When the drainage was opened we discovered several poles that were used to decorate the causeway, and proper records were made of them before they were removed from the canal.

Following the restoration of the drainage, we updated the risk map of 2015 to 2016 where the causeway – after intervention to prevent flooding was completed – was reclassi- fied to be no longer at risk. Also this year, our team has completed a plan for the northern stairway, and we have defined the risks in three levels: [slide] In this area we can see the runoff of rain water, and several stones from the right and left sides of the guard-rails fallen on the steps. [slide] In the canal, there was some backfill and outgrowth of vegetation

that obstructed the flow of water, forcing it to run over the stairs, which caused severe erosion.

[slide] This spot sustained severe damage. Some parts have sunk in with several stones being lost and dislocated from their original spots. The end of the northern stair is still in good condition, although several steps are covered by soil. There are no clear traces of drainage in this particular location, and this constitutes the next task for the archaeology team; to excavate and survey what the drainage system might look like.

[slide] The first phase for the southern section of Preah Vihear temple is completed. In the second phase, our group will continue working on the drainage system in the western causeway and northern stairway. It is an important undertaking, because when we release water from up there it flows strongly down to the other side, but once it reaches this red area, it is blocked by the vegetation and backfill. [slide] This is what we have to do next year.

Thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr.Bunnath for your detailed report on the conservation works. I now invite Mr. Pheng Samoeun for his report on the Archaeo- logical Map, also at Preah Vihear.”

IV.A.2 Archeological Map, by Mr. Pheng Sameoun, Preah Vihear National Authority

[OrigF] “Excellency Yim Nolla, Senior Minister and representative of His Excellency Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Cambodia, Excellencies, Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear colleagues,

[slide] Today I have the great pleasure to present the archaeological site survey at Preah Vihear Temple. This project refers to the recommendation number two taken during the second Plenary Session held on the 16th of March, 2016. The aim of the project is to carry out an inventory using GIS and mapping and to define the cultural area for protection and conservation; to collect artefacts to be sent for preservation to the museum and to assess the sites for tourism.

[slide] This is a map of the conservation zone of Preah Vihear, which covers a total of 48,000 ha. Our target studies were inside and outside the conservation zone. Last year we worked only inside the conservation zone and since the last ICC meeting we have updated the map with several sites bordering the area.

[slide] These are previous researches conducted by the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts and by the EFEO back in 2007. Actually, the results of the Ministry have been done on the Cambodian side of the area of the complex and our target will only focus on the area of the Choam Ksan district that is shown here.

[slide] This map presents the new conservation zones inserted in the conservation site at Choam Ksan district. [slide] These are the results of our research, started in 2010. Since that date we have found ten temples, four foundations of religious sites, and ancient community and settlement sites. All of these findings have been registered on a GIS map.

[slide] These are the results of our research in 2015. We found archaeological sites with a triangle layout and a temple with a round shape. [slide] These are metal objects that we found. We also carried out researches on ancient reservoirs from 2008 until 2015. 17

[slide] According to the recommendations, we were asked to continue the implementation of the work. Since the last ICC meeting, we have found an additional eleven temples and all these findings are completely recorded and registered on the GIS map.

[slide] This is a new map produced by our colleagues at the Preah Vihear National Au- thority and I will identify separately what we have found. In round shapes are temples and in blue the results of the 2016 survey. This is the same here but with a better scale. [slide] We also undertook a GIS mapping of ancient reservoirs, including the east and west barays and two large ponds and the Baray of Prasat Thom, here on the map.

[slide] These are the data of the archaeological mapping that we are processing. All archaeological sites have been attributed an ID or a code to identify them, including the name of the temple in Khmer and English with a short description of each and a map. For a more detailed inventory another form is used. [slide] For example, here, this is the data registration of Prasat Touich, which is a hospital temple built by Jayavarman VII and in the database we have described the location, the plan, the architectural décor, the construction date and if any inscriptions were found. We also mention the present condition and we also include during our work recommendations.

[slide] This documentation is used internally at the Preah Vihear National Authority, but we also need to present this document to the local authority when intervening on the land of the archaeological site. This is another temple where there was no structure left standing but only fragile artefacts on site. Local people tried to interfere by farming on the site. This is very important as this site is very close to the conservation zone.

In other sites, temples or other structures, the locals may encroach and start farming on them. Slowly, once we have completed the full description of the site, we will hand over all this documentation to the local authorities and especially the governor of Preah Vihear, so that they can intervene towards the protection of the site.

The same here with another temple called Prasat Dap. It is a very important site as it shows continuous traces from the pre-Angkorian until the Angkorian period and French scholars carried out measured drawings in the early 20th century. We have used the old records to compare with new observations. For example, this is a drawing from Aymonnier or another one from Lunet de la Jonquière, and these are our recent observations.

We believe that the project will continue and we also propose the involvement of other institutions or local partners and the local community to take part in the project for conservation and education.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr Samoeun for your presentation. It is interesting to know that your work has identified eleven more temples that have been added to the inventory list. I guess at some point in the future it will add to the workload of the ICC-Preah Vihear which will expand the works beyond the sole main temple area.

Ladies and Gentlemen, during the last Plenary Session in March an important point was made about the development of the whole area in a sustainable manner, which in- volves the development of the forest and of the ecological park. We now have a presentation by Mr. Khou Lenghourt about the Conservation and Restoration of the Forest at Preah Vihear.”

IV.A.3 Forest Conservation and Restoration, by Mr. Khou Lenghourt, Preah Vihear National Authority

“Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister Chairman of the Economic and Cultural Council, Excellencies, Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Friends,

[slide] Let me present the work carried out within the framework of the forest management of the site of Preah Vihear. The forest restoration has been carried out on the basis of a plan to produce seedlings to be planted at the site, based on the recommendations of the ICC-Preah Vihear taken during the last session of the meeting to foster the restoration of the forest’s integrity.

[slide] The presentation includes: Objectives, forest status of the heritage site, forest restoration approach, constraints, search for collaboration and conclusion and a six-month work plan. The objectives of the preservation include sharing the data on the forest cover in 2016, updating the forest restoration at the World Heritage site and the management plan for 2016 and 2017.

[slide] This is the forest cover map: In dark green is the semi-evergreen forest, in light green the deciduous forest and in light blue the DD forest and in yellow the degraded sites. This table highlights the figure of forest cover. Here is the degraded forest highlighted at the bottom of the table. We would like to focus on the reforestation of Zones I and II. Zone I covers 49.23 ha and Zone II more than 3,000 ha. [slide] In Zone I, mainly on the hilltop, it is covered with an outgrowth with soil and vegetation that needs to be regenerat- ed. In Zone II the foothill is dominated by deciduous forest and some patches of semi- evergreen forest along the stream.

[slide] This is a focus on Zone II. I would like to highlight this as it needs to be restored to enhance the World Heritage Site. DD forest makes up 57 per cent of the site, whereas MD forest only 18 per cent, semi evergreen forest 14 per cent and degraded forest 11 per cent. The forest cover remaining in Zone II is 49 per cent, which is still a lot.

[slide] I move on to the degraded forest. As I presented in the last session, there are main factors leading to the degradation of the forest: the conversion of the forest to settlements, agriculture and logging in the park. As you see in the pictures taken from Road 62, this used to be a settlement and with this aerial view you can see areas that were degraded in the past but are now regenerating naturally. [slide] Forest fire is another factor which slows down the regeneration of the forest. I would also like to show that currently more than ten people of the Kuy minority live in Saem commune and go to the site and depend on it for natural forest regeneration. These people mainly burn the grass on the ground so that they clear the ground to grow and stimulate the growth of young leaves. This also includes other people who go to the area to burn the grass just for their enter- tainment.

[slide] Here in red is the Risk Map of the forest fire on the site. The forest regeneration approach programme include three integrated programmes: assisted planting, nature regeneration and firebreak clearing. These three programmes have been applied on the site where we also plan to increase tree planting by creating a memorial tree garden to allow tourists to plant trees as a contribution to forest restoration.

[slide] This picture shows you the growth of secondary forest where we carried out forest management. We removed all invasive species and weeds on the ground and you can see the forest that was not affected by fire in 2015 and you can see what it looks like.

[slide] For forest restoration we have a nursery which covered 62 m2 in 2014 and has been expanded to 280 m2. This accommodates 30,000 seedlings. Last year we propagated 25 tree species seedlings and this year we propagated ornamental native species, threatened species, evergreen and biodiversity and enhancement species.

[slide] These are enrichment planting activities along Road 62 and at the office of Preah Vihear National Authority. We planted 5,360 seedlings. [slide] Here is the forest restoration applying the assisted method of regeneration. We use cardboard as a margin material to prevent grass and water evaporation from the ground so that trees can grow unhindered. Here again the sylviculture and how it looks once the climbing species have been removed.

[slide] This is our reforestation programme from 2014 until 2016. In 2014, we planted only 710 trees and in 2015, 1,500 and the plan is to reach 16,471. This figure combines two efforts, one from the Preah Vihear National Authority and the other by the forestry administration at the West Baray; this is why the figure has increased sharply. We planted 565 seedlings at the site, but down to 100 in 2015 and this year up to 850.

Taking this opportunity, I would like to thank my colleagues for their commitment. Without their hard work we cannot realise our plan for forest regeneration in 2016.

[slide] This map shows you the location for reforestation. At the hilltop we apply the assisted method for regeneration, here the east and west barays and along Road 62 the reforestation has been undertaken over 4.5 ha but the whole area extends over more than 20 ha. [slide] At the Office we also do reforestation activities.

[slide] I would like to make a digression on tourism. Actually, the latter only concerns the temple; people spend a couple or three hours at the temple and then they go back to their places, which means they do not spend much time at the site. This is regrettable as the site has a lot of landscaping qualities, notably in the rainy season. There are barays, streams and other attractive views. Forest restoration will provide a much better-looking landscape for the site in the future.

[slide] However, we still face some constraints such as limited access to the site, because Preah Vihear, as you know, was a former battlefield. This means that there are landmines scattered and that mine clearance, although already carried out, needs to continue. We have only a limited staff and budget. In this regard, we would like to appeal for collaboration to national or international partners in helping us to reforest the site and focus on aspects like reforestation of the landscape, forest measurement in Zone IV and Zone IIIa, an eco-green zone, agro-forestry and eco-farming and community-based enterprise development focusing on agriculture and non-timber forest product development.

With these efforts initially carried out, I do hope that the restoration of the Preah Vi- hear heritage site and development will go faster.

[slide] Based on our experience, we conclude that management planting takes time and represents a cost. We have carried it out, because we would like some specific species to be planted on site, like evergreen species, threatened species and ornamental plants. Our approach should be successful as the seedlings selected are adapted to the site, although we cannot plant all the desired species because of the existing species already there. Forest firebreaks can prevent the growth of planted seedlings and the natural seedlings of the site. If we have additional financial and technical support, we can operate better forest management.

[slide] This is our forest management plan: We will propagate seedlings of over 30 species. Currently we document over 42 species to be propagated by seedling and grafting. We also plan to create the memorial tree planting garden at the West Baray and to contin-

ue to implement assisted regeneration, clear firebreaks and management planting areas and to continue to document plant species and diversity.

I would like to say that managing planting is time and labour consuming. Planted of the seedlings of diverse species should continue. That’s all I have to say; thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you for your very detailed presentation. Ladies and Gentlemen, the agenda says that we should have detailed discussions, but I would rather suggest that we move on to the next set of presentations which are also related to Preah Vihear and specifically on Tourism Development and then we could have discussions on all aspects of Preah Vihear. If you all agree we will proceed with the next set of presentations on Tourism and Development and Community Development. I now invite Mr Sam Piseth on the Museum.”

IV.B - IMPLEMENTATION REPORT ON TOURISM AND DEVELOPMENT

IV.B.1 Progress Report on Museum, by Mr. Sam Piseth, Preah Vihear National Authority

[OrigK] “Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister and Chairman of the Socio-Economic and Cultural Council, Excellencies Co-chair, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Please allow me to present to you a progress report on the Samdech Techo Hun Sen Preah Vihear Eco-Global Museum. This presentation is divided into three parts: 1) Progress Report; 2) Education and Awareness Programme; and 3) Proposals.

[slide] Geographically speaking, the museum is located in the World Cultural Heritage site of Preah Vihear, in the Eco-village in Sra Em commune, Choam Ksan district, Preah Vihear province. It was built in 2009 using Khmer architecture under the initiative of the Royal Government of Cambodia and with generous local and international support and technical co-ordination from UNESCO.

[slide] On display in this museum are: Artefacts from the pre-Angkor, Angkor, and post- Angkor periods; documents related to the World Heritage Site (history and civilization of the four countries along the Lower Mekong River); the culture of the Kuy ethnic minority (Kuy lifestyle); animals and plants (rare animals and forest products) and a photo exhibition by a professional Japanese photographer (unprocessed photographs of several temples in the World Heritage sites in Cambodia).

[slide] The progress report is in two parts: 2009-2014: This period covered the museum’s construction, the exhibition hall preparation, and ceramic conservation training course for the Preah Vihear National Authority staff and 2015-2016: During this period, we have been working on redevelopment in the museum, adding more exhibitions, and collecting artefacts from unguarded temples and from local communities within the heritage site.

[slide] Here is how the museum looked when the construction started in 2009. The drainage system was built and grass planted in and around the museum’s premises. This 21

slide shows work to install the exhibition in collaboration with experts from the National Museum and UNESCO. Next are the training activities. In 2013, the Preah Vihear National Authority held a three-month training course on ceramic conservation, and during that time the trainees managed to successfully restore a ceramic object. [slide] In this picture, Mr. Tep Sokha, a ceramic expert, and Mr. Philippe Delanghe recently put a ceramic object on display at the museum. As for the one piece that we managed to restore, we received it from the engineering corps who found it during a period of road construction. Over here, this picture shows the work of redeveloping and adding the exhibition, described earlier in the second phase (2015-2016) in the museum’s history.

[slide] As part of the effort to improve the premises, we have made some adjustments to the trekking route for visitors to enjoy the forest and plants we have in the museum’s grounds. So far this year, we have planted an additional hectare of grass, and often we had visitors joining the workers in doing this. And this is what the landscape in the museum looks like currently.

[slide] This is the photo exhibition. The information panels have been modified. In the past, photos were displayed on floppy sheets but have now been re-produced on hard material panels instead to be put on display. Here, the information panel was corrected.

[slide] Exhibition display cases: This year, 2016, we have added 13 more exhibition display cases to the museum’s gallery. Nine were placed in the history gallery, another three house documents relating to Preah Vihear Temple, and the last one is holding household objects made of baked clay and metal. These metal objects are being treated at the Na- tional Museum in Phnom Penh and they should be ready to return for display in our museum in the near future.

[slide] In this pavilion – a rectangular pavilion built in 2016 – we have the exhibition of the photographs taken by a professional Japanese photographer. This slide shows museum staff updating the inventory and the collection list in collaboration with a team from UNESCO. All the objects have been accounted for, nothing was lost. In the meantime, a log of the items that have been discovered recently is kept. The inventory itself has had to be upgraded from the Word format used in the past to a database system in both Khmer and English. This picture shows staff retrieving artefacts that were scattered at other temples and in possession of the people living in the area. The Rahu swallowing the Moon in this picture is kept by a family living in Rumdoh commune, and we plan on retrieving it from them in the near future.

[slide] The objects that we have retrieved from the villagers and other temples are stored in our workshop. They were meticulously cleaned before being placed in the gallery outside the workshop.

[slide] Now I move on to the presentation on the Education and Awareness Porgramme. This year, we conducted numerous education and awareness activities with students and pupils with the aim to raise awareness and understanding about civilization, history, values of heritage and the environment so that they can appreciate and love their heritage, and ultimately, engage in its protection, conservation, and spreading knowledge as widely as possible.

[slide] Here is an educational activity we did for 75 fine arts students, and here we did it for 120 students from the New Generation Institute. Similar events were held for 160 students from Asia-Europe University and with a group of recently graduated tour guides from the Preah Vihear region.

[slide] In this picture we carried out awareness activities for pupils within our zone so that they know about this important cultural centre, the museum which is located right within the community they live in. This was a group from secondary school, and next we

will organize the same event for high school students. On this picture below are three cultural events we held with young people in March.

[slide] To conclude, I would like to thank all the experts who have assisted in shaping the arrangement in this museum, especially those from UNESCO (Ms. Anne Lemaistre, Mr. Philippe Delanghe, Mr. Blaise Kilian, Mr. Mey Kosal, and Ms. Christiane Garnero Morena). I would like also to take this opportunity to propose that the Royal Government of Cambodia help to make this museum fully operational to attract more local and international visitors. We are also calling for more support for training of the museum staff and for technical and budgetary assistance – locally and internationally – for this museum to realize its full potential.

Thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Piseth for your report on the progress of the work being done at the museum. Another topic is Tourism Management and the report is by Mr. Heng Samreth, who is invited to take the floor.”

IV.B.2 Tourism Management, by Mr. Heng Samrith, Preah Vihear National Authority

“Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister Chairman of the Economic and Cultural Council, Excellencies, Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,

Today I have the great honour to present my PowerPoint on Tourism Management. [slide] This is the outline of my presentation, which includes the objectives, tourism statistics, facilities, survey results, constraints, conclusion and future plans.

[slide] Within the Objectives we have included an update of the status of tourism statistics to date, modernising the facilities and services for tourism and the survey results of tourists visiting other World Heritage Sites. I am going to show tourism statistics from 2013 until 2016. Here, you have the number of local visitors from 2016 and international visitors until August 2016. You can see the total of 69,246. This slide shows you a diagram of tourism statistics for the past eight months. We start from January until August 2016 and the comparison with the four previous years. You can see the different boxes with domestic visitors from 2013 over the same period. There is also a line for international visitors. [slide] This is the total of international visitors per country. The countries most represented are Japan, China, France and others include Vietnam, Thailand, the USA, the UK, Australia, etc. There were 321 Thai tourists in 2016 who visited and we would like to thank them very much for their visit.

[slide] Let us move on to the facilities and services. We have in 2016 three 3 star hotels which represents an increase of one hotel and of 42 rooms. Guesthouses have not changed and restaurants have increased by four for a total of nine. [slide] This is a picture of a hotel. This one recently opened, on the 25th of August, 2016.

To meet needs and be more in line with tourists’ expectations, we have built bathrooms on the top of the mountain. We also need to further train the guides. In June 2016, we contacted the local guides and the staff from the provincial department of Preah Vihear. A total of 341 locals have benefited from employment related directly to tourism, such as in hotels or other services and by then get a monthly wage.

[slide] I move on to the results of the survey related to the tourism development plan. We have here a form that we used to gather information from tourists visiting the site. For 23

example, we know that we received 1000 domestic tourists and 600 foreign visitors. These are the results compiled. [slide] The locals have learnt about the site through television (20 per cent), friends (25 per cent) and the Internet (20 per cent); other ways of hearing about Preah Vihear are through various channels of information like social media, radio or news- papers.

This is the result of the survey on international visitors. We know that 33 per cent of them heard of Preah Vihear through the Internet, others (social and traditional media other than television) 22 per cent and television 5 percent.

[slide] These are our constraints. The information we can provide to tourists is limited and we lack the staff to handle capacity management. We need to build staff capacity and also to have a more adequate budget towards tourism. Here, we only have the temple and we need to diversify the offer with other products. The presentation is also limited. In Sra Em, as you know, there are not that many guesthouses or restaurants that meet the standards expected by tourists. Another problem is the road leading to the top of the mountain, as it is difficult to access. One more point is the need to develop potential sites to diversify the offer from the temple and to develop.

[slide] My conclusion is that in order to increase the number of visitors to the site of Preah Vihear we need to scale up its media presence and arrange group tours with those touring the province of Siem Reap. There is also a need to upgrade the entire road network around Preah Vihear, especially the roads leading to Siem Reap and Phnom Penh, as it plays a key role in tourism development at the site, as for the moment the service is limited. The lack of up-to-standard restaurants also affects tourism services at the World Heritage Site. Moreover, the lack of tourists impacts on the development of facilities such as hotels or restaurants.

[slide] Our future plans are to upgrade the carparks on the top and at the bottom of the hill. We also need to diversify the tourism offer with camping or homestays, trekking and other activities that will be included in future plans. Itinerary tours need also to be designed from Siem Reap to the Beng Mealea, Koh Ker and Preah Vihear sites.

[slide] This is my last slide: Training courses should be organised for restaurant workers and vendors to improve the quality of food and services. The Eco-global Museum should also be opened. This is a proposed visit itinerary tour from Siem Reap to Koh Ker and Preah Vihear. The red line shows you the tour starting from Siem Reap to Beng Mealea and then Koh Ker. At the end of the day, you arrive in Sra Em village, which is only located 30 km from Preah Vihear. From there you can go to Anlong Veng and visit the Ta Mok Museum and from Anlong Veng back to Siem Reap town.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Samreth. We have one more presentation on the community development programme being under taken in this area and Mr. Young Sophack will present it. Please, you have the floor.”

IV.B.3 Community Development: Case of the Eco-village and Stoeung Kheav Village, by Mr. Young Sophack, Preah Vihear National Authority

[OrigK] “Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister and Chairman of the Socio-Economic and Cultural Council, Your Excellencies Co-Chair, Ladies and Gentlemen,

My name is Young Sopheak, and I am going to present our community development case studies on the Eco-village and Stoeung Kheav village. The presentation has two big parts: Community Development Progress and Participatory Rural Appraisal of Community. The first part – Community Development Progress – covers the following topics: Children club community; savings group; and co-operation activities with Preah Vihear-Japan Friends

[slide] The Children Club Community was established by the Preah Vihear National Au- thority in 2014 and has since been placed under the direct management of the Department of Urbanisation and Demography, working in co-operation with various departments such as those of Tourism, the Environment and Archaeology, with the participation of the local authorities and parents. The reason behind its creation is the fact that the primary school is located far from the village, and so the aim of this club is to offer extra classes to the children as part of the bigger objective in building up human resources to meet the needs of conservation and development in the Preah Vihear area in the future.

The club has the following purposes: To provide English training courses to poor young students; to provide the children with general knowledge on temple conservation, tourism development, forest conservation, and environmental protection; to provide librar- ies for students and farmers;and to donate study materials to students.

[slide] For each training cycle, students are given study materials. Since 2014, the Preah Vihear National Authority has held six training sessions. Two were held during the last six months – one between March and May, and another between July and September, 2016. Three types of text book are used for teaching Beginners (Alphabet, English for children, and Head Start). In this picture we have a representative from the Preah Vihear- Japan Friends association donating study materials to the students, and this has been done for every training session in this region.

[slide] Now the Savings Group – the group is formed by people living next to each other in the same community based on mutual trust. The purpose is to help each other to access loans at a low interest rate – as low as one per cent or even zero per cent – to be used for starting small business or financing the need to send children to school. Group members might want to consider a saving group as a starting point for improving their lives. They can use the saved amount of money to start up a project that would benefit the whole community, for example digging a well or a pond. We have managed to create three more saving groups during the past six months. One is in Chambak Senchey village, where there had been two already, and another one in the Eco-village.

[slide] On the co-operation with Preah Vihear-Japan Friends: with the support of this group, we have formed a model farmer group which is comprised of six members. They have been given a land of 0.2 hectares within the eco-park to farm organic products under the direct leadership of Dr. Morita. With support from the Preah Vihear-Japan Friends, the model farmers were sent – along with two staff members from the Preah Vihear National Authority – on a two-week study visit to Thailand to learn about organic farming. They returned with confidence and are now implementing two big plans – one is for a flower garden and the other is for organic farming.

[slide] Moving on to the second big item, Participatory Rural Appraisal of Community: This appraisal was conducted with the participation of the community members. The aim was to get a clearer picture on the living conditions of the people in these two villages. The study will benefit the preparation of an action plan for development, form the basis for any future proposal for community support and other projects in the Preah Vihear National Au- thority area, help to identify the natural, human, and economic resources of the villages, and identify the problems and needs of the villagers.

[slide] We used many tools in the appraisal process, but due to the time limitation, I will elaborate only on two of them. Allow me to show you the report in English concerning pat- 25

terns for each village. We were looking at: Daily routine (what activities people engage in all day long, from the moment they get up in the morning until the time they go back to bed) ; livelihood analysis (what most people do for a living, what constitutes the major occupation for them); social mapping (what kind of infrastructure is available to service the local residents); resource mapping (what are the resources they have? Farmland, agriculture, wells, ponds?); until now, which institutions have stepped in to assist these villages or which institutions these villages have made contacts with for help?; seasonal calendars (what time of the year the villagers plant rice, work in plantation, or when they have village festivities) and last but not least, a SWOT analysis.

[slide] This is Stoeung Kheav village, which we selected for our study. It is located 25 km from the Sra Em roundabout, in the Preah Vihear National Authority Zone 4, and is home to 183 families. Their main occupations are farming (rice) and animal rearing, renting out labour, handicrafts, collecting non-timber products, fishing, and digging for gems. Of all these occupations, non-timber forest products generate the biggest regular income for the villagers, followed by handicrafts, farming, and digging for gems. This is social mapping. As we can see, the village has one main road stretching over three kilometres, and the other roads that we can see on both sides are smaller roads that are accessible only by foot. There are two or three vendor stalls. There is a village office, a dilapidated wooden bridge, a stream and a dirt road. The entire village does not have a primary school building yet, and has a community classroom of sorts.

[slide] This picture shows our team paying the villagers a visit to learn about their living conditions and conduct the appraisal. This picture shows their farmland and gems. Because the land contains a lot of this mineral, it is natural for people to dig for gems as another source of income generation.

[slide] This is a resource map which shows the village surrounded by forest that they rely on for non-timber product income. They also plant rice within their individual residential plots of land. Here are some of the challenges the residents of Soeung Kheav village are facing: The road is in bad condition, a lack of water for drinking in the dry season, small rice parcels, a lack of water for farming in the dry season, no primary school facilities or health center, the bridge is in bad condition and low land and small land for farming.

[slide] Now, let me show you the findings for the Eco-village. Our study was in two big parts: Part A: The residents of the Eco-village share similar occupations to those in Stoeung Kheav village. But renting out labour is a more prominent practice compared to other income-generating occupations. Most of the residents there work for the Preah Vihear National Authority as guards or environmental rangers. A significant number of them regu- larly trek to seek work in neighbouring Thailand. The second most important occupation is small business. Historically, many of them used to sell goods at the top of the Preah Vihear Mountain and have continued this activity after they were relocated to the Eco-village. Rais- ing livestock is the third biggest occupation.

When we look at the social map, we see that the residents here are quite fortunate to have most basic infrastructure on site (roads, wells, ponds, health centre, school, pagoda, and commune office) close to the village. Nevertheless, there are not many farming activities.

However, the villagers in the part A of this village face a number of problems: Lack of electricity, small land parcels for farming, lack of occupation, lack of water for drinking in the dry season, no toilets, and a lack of rice and crop seeds.

[slide] Part B: This part of the Eco-village is populated with 676 people. There are more people living on the lower side of the road than on the upper side. This is due to the fact that the land in the lower part is moister and easy to dig wells for water, unlike the upper side where the soil contains a lot of stone. Meanwhile, despite the road network, this part of the village still lacks other important infrastructures such as a health centre, school, or 26

pagoda. This is the resource map. Part B of this village has fewer wells and ponds. The main water source is located far away.

There is much more farming going on in this part, as we can see in this picture where virtually each residential plot has rice growing in available space. Rice is grown more in the lower part than in the upper part of the road in Part B of the Eco-village. The village is surrounded by forest where they usually go to collect non-timber forest products. So, once again, renting out labour is the biggest occupation, followed by collecting non-timber forest products, and rice farming. All in all, the villagers still face many shortages in their daily lives, particularly food shortages, as there are not enough plots of land available for farming and they lack the resources to generate income. This has been compounded by the long distance to the market for trading or buying products, and the lack of any school, health centre, toilets, or wells to supply water in the dry season.

[slide] In conclusion, we have seen noticeable progress in the village as envisioned by the Preah Vihear National Authority, the provincial authorities, and at the national level during the past seven years since the village was established in 2009. The people have en- joyed peace and the steady delivery of public services such as schools, health centres, roads and dams to meet their needs. Nonetheless, the results of our appraisal have shown that the 183 families in Stoeung Kheav village – one of the seven villages in Sra Em commune – are not so fortunate yet. They still lack infrastructures and public services unlike their fellow villagers in the Eco-village. Even in the Eco-village, where the living conditions have improved, many people there still lack basic needs such as food, farmland, water wells and ponds, farming techniques and electricity.

To address these above-mentioned challenges, the Preah Vihear National Authority would very much welcome any guidance from the ICC-Preah Vihear experts, and other relevant institutions, so that we can further the development of these villages. Preah Vihear National Authority and the local villages stand to welcome any development project that the ICC-Preah Vihear might come up with for our zone.

Thank you for your attention.”

General discussion

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you. We have had six presentations on the various kinds of works that have been undertaken at Preah Vihear complex. I would like to open the floor for discussion and please make any comment or ask questions. I would hope that we focus on questions regarding the site of Preah Vihear now, because after the discussions we have presentations on the site of Koh Ker and we can then have a discussion on this site subsequently. The floor is open and I invite anyone to ask a question. Before asking a question, could you make sure you identify yourself? Professor Beschaouch, please, you have the floor.”

Comment from Mr. Azedine Beschaouch: “Thank you. Is it possible Co-chairman to give the floor to our ad hoc experts, namely Messrs Sahai and Gupta? Yesterday, they went on site and have some remarks and recommendations. Thank you very much.’

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “This should be ok. I invite Professor Sahai to make his comment, followed by Professor Gupta.”

Comment from Professor Sachchidanand Sahai: “Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, I will try to be quite brief. The problem is that I am not going to discuss, but I have to give my impressions, and they are very important for those concerned with Preah Vihear. I have requested my friend Gupta to talk; I can talk about technical things, but the impressions I

have are very important to give a guideline for Preah Vihear for the next 20, 15 or 10 years.

First of all, I saw this wonderful video on Preah Vihear. I am quite happy because it began with Buddha and ended with the dance of Shiva. In Indonesia, in South-East Asia it is the Shiva Buddha who is revered, whereas in India it is Shiva. Once you declare that on this Mountain the entire world dances, then you will have more tourists, more people coming. Friends, please understand that it is in the Himalaya where Shiva dances and Shiva is not a Hindu or Buddhist God. Shiva means that every one of you is Shiva. It means auspicious, good. It is an adjective, not a noun. All the gods of the world are Shiva and all of you are Shiva. That is the first point.

Now, since our chairman has said that we have to talk about Preah Vihear, fine. Yet, I would like to briefly say that Mr. Puthikar made a presentation on Koh Ker and I wish him success for the next ten years. After what we saw, we can declare that Koh Ker is a unique site in the whole world. It is the second unique site in the whole world. I am not going to discuss that here, but we will come to that in technical discussions with Mr. Beschaouch and others.

There are risk map and conservation work presentations. I would like to tell you here that, this time, I am a little unsettled. Unsettled in the sense that from 2008 until 2012- 2013, I was a 24-hour servant of Preah Vihear, I was an expert on Preah Vihear, I worked 24-hours a day at Preah Vihear. I understand that now I work as an ad hoc expert and that in this new position I would travel from time to time there. I asked Lord Shiva: ‘is it possible I should do that?’ He said: ‘ok, you go’. This means that I saw your work after one year. So, let me give an assessment of the work done by the young experts of the Preah Vihear National Authority. I found out that the Preah Vihear National Authority staff, including the President and Director, is not working from an office. They have been dedicated to that site and present there for the past five or ten years.

The Risk Map: I would like all of you to give a big hand to all the young Cambodian experts, because they have mapped every inch of Preah Vihear where there is a risk and every risk of Preah Vihear which will fall down in the next months and they have put something there to protect it. I would like you all in this hall to give a hand for these young people who have worked without any complaints or anything. I have all the clips and everywhere there is something and I ask this simple question: Has any part of Preah Vihear fallen down? The answer is ‘No’. Now, if any part falls down the responsibility will be on the international community, because they have to work very fast. On the Risk Map I was very, very and really impressed by the work they have done. Friends, my journey was from 8 a.m. until 10 p.m. and my 80 year-old pair of feet remained standing for 14 hours.

The staff is continuing the work on the archaeological map and others, and they follow directions, making our Preah Vihear one of the archaeological parts of the world and we should commend them for that.

Now, I come to the Museum. I saw the Museum, but, although the young people like Philippe Delanghe could understand, I could not. I saw it, it is wonderful and I wish to thank Philippe Delanghe for taking personal interest in this. But first I would like to thank Anne Lemaistre, my good friend, as she has been a source of inspiration for all of us and she has always encouraged us.

Let me talk about this man who has presented the Tourism Department. Our ambassador should know that the Tourism Department man is a Delhi man. He lived in Delhi for six years and studied there. Delhi University is very good, known for hosting cuisine of the whole world. This man has a flair for tourism. I have been discussing with him for the past four years and I hope he will be given the chance to develop tourism in the way that Preah Vihear will become a place world famous for organic cuisine. The forest man is also doing very well. I have interviewed them all for half an hour. 28

Thank you very much for listening to me and my friend will now do the more technical part.”

Comment from Professor Divay Gupta: “Good afternoon. At the risk of being repetitive regarding Professor Sahai, I would like again to compliment the staff of the Preah Vihear National Authority for the exceptional work they are doing. In the ten years I have been to the site: It is remarkably different and towards the positive side. When I visit the site, and I have been doing so since 2003, you cannot even recognise it due to all the development that has happened. And now even more so, with all the work that the Preah Vihear National Authority is doing on their own, with very little external expertise. They have a young team on site completely dedicated to it which is doing exceptional work. I must say on their own, without much input externally from international experts and etc.

After these compliments let me give my comments. I start with the Risk Map. The presentation on the Risk Map rightly pointed out that the mapping was done on a macro level and I am glad that now they have started the work on micro-mapping of each of the vulnerable areas. I also would like to remind them that macro and micro should go hand in hand. The thing is that if you look at the overall temple, there are still areas that are still vulnerable. They have done a good job of shoring some temporarily for the next two or three years, but it will need long-term conservation measures very soon. The temporary measures that have been taken now need to be translated into conservation efforts.

When we carried out the micro-mapping of the causeway between the 4th and 5th Go- puras, some areas are also under high-risk, which I understand, but they are not at the same level of risk as the areas on the east of Gopura I. On their own they may be, but I think that there is an understanding needed that there are two types of map, the Micro Risk Map and the Macro Risk Map. I think that the combination of these should determine our conservation priorities. Which are the ones that we have to take immediately? If you do not take action immediately in some areas like Gopura V and eastern areas of Gopura I there are chances that they could deteriorate further.

The biggest issue, which I am very glad has started to be addressed at the highest authority, is drainage. Unfortunately, water is the biggest enemy of Preah Vihear. If you are able to address as much as that water getting in to the foundation, I think we would have done a great service to the temple. You would also have to appreciate that the temple has been standing there for more than ten centuries; we must compliment the engineering skills of the Khmer architects of the time. A temple standing on an outcrop exposed to the weather with so much water has been standing for more than 1000 years. I think the input should be that it should also stand for the next, if not 500 years, at least 1000 years.

The second comment was on archaeological findings. I have been very, very encouraged to see that the map has become denser due to so many new discoveries. Of course, these perhaps need to be built-in within the management plan, firstly, so that any development does not damage them, because many of them are outside the core area in the development zones. This means that they need to be identified within the management plan so that they are not damaged by development and even also perhaps have appropriate restoration and conservation plans in the near future.

The third part is on the forest cover. Again, I would like to compliment them for having started on this, but I also wanted to give my impression here and perhaps it will be summarised in the end. Each of these activities needs to be integrated. You cannot see forest cover as much integrated with the conservation or the community development as perhaps planting trees encourage. Plus there are also a lot of trees within the site. Some of them are harming the temple, others enhance the environment; these decisions on the forest cover (where, how) need to be taken, as it needs to be integrated with both conservation issues and the drainage issue, which is essential.

I also looked at the Museum. I think it is a wonderful asset that has come up. I think it is exceptionally good — probably, one of the best local museums in Cambodia. It has great potential to attract tourism and further develop tourism in the area. I was very happy to see a first draft of tourists coming. I also felt that this is a resource centre. It is not only a place where people come and look at objects. It is also a repository of knowledge that the local people had or have and that is the important part. It is as much for the local people as it is for tourists. Again, it needs to be integrated with both community participation and the database. I looked at the archaeological presentation and there were missing GIS. I think all the information should be integrated into a single platform of GIS, be it archaeological, knowledge, objects, forest, Museum, inventories and etc. Again, re-emphasize on the integrated approach.

My last words would be that we need perhaps some sort of a system where all these activities (tourism, community participation, archaeology, conservation and etc.) related to Preah Vihear, where we have an integrated approach, so that each activity is helping the other. I think that integration is the answer to the wish list that our President mentioned in the morning: capacity building, environmental protection and conservation. They can all go hand-in-hand: Forest and conservation, museum and conservation, community participation, archaeology, tourism. If we look at it from the broader picture, a bird’s eye view, they can all integrate and help each other and go hand in hand.

That’s all I wanted to say.”

Additional comment from Professor Sachchidanand Sahai: “Co-chair, I just need thirty seconds to add something to Mr. Gupta. Could I? I would like to inform Dr Gupta, he is one of my best friends. Another Delhi person who has given a new direction to Preah Vihear Mu- seum is a product from the National Museum Institute in New Delhi, from where this young Lady Em Srey Peou, got her Master’s degree. She wrote a book called Eco-global Museum. The future of this Eco-global Museum, it is one of the rarest of the Museum, where it will develop as a movement, a new museum movement. It is now a museum that stalls but a museum where all the activities throughout Preah Vihear will be taken care of. The book is called Eco-global Museum, it is published in New Delhi and some copies are with you. Please take into consideration your people and you should not forget Delhi. That is all. Thank you.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Professor Sahai for your useful comment. Maybe the representative of the UNESCO office would like to comment?”

Comment from Ms. Anne Lemaistre: [OrigF] “Thank you Co-chair, Excellencies. Thank you for giving me the floor. Firstly, I would like to thank and congratulate all the teams that have presented very well and conveyed the holistic nature of their approach and the huge amount of work carried out by the Preah Vihear National Authority’s team. As said by Mr. Gupta, they did this without any specific international help.

I was very appreciative of the presentations on archaeology and especially that of Mr. Pheng Samoeun, where new temples and archaeological structures have been discovered, to our delight. UNESCO also welcomes the fact that these new archaeological discoveries have been recorded in the Ministry of Culture and Fine Arts’ database, CICARC. The latter is an interactive map of Khmer archaeological sites designed many years ago. It is the out- come of 15 years of work carried out by the Ministry of Culture, with the support of the EFEO. This database is outstanding. It is being updated and if I may, I would like to call on behalf of UNESCO for the reactivation of this database.

Second item: We heard a great presentation on reforesting the area surrounding Preah Vihear, presenting different management of forest concepts such as agro-forestry, part of new, major, emerging concepts. When I was listening to this presentation, I came up with an idea — although this is just a suggestion that I am sharing with you — that we

could plan to add one more ad hoc expert specialising in sustainable development to boost the experts’ resources for the benefit of the Preah Vihear National Authority.

Finally, my third point is on the Eco-global Museum presentation. UNESCO would like to second the team of the Museum in hoping for the inauguration of the Museum to take place very soon. Maybe this could be added in the ICC-Preah Vihear recommendation. Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Anne for your comments. Would anyone else like to take the floor? I cannot see anyone volunteering. Let’s move on to the next set of presentations, which are on the site of Koh Ker. There are actually two: One on archaeology and the other on history and archaeology. I invite Mr Puthikar on the overview of the Koh Ker archaeological site.”

V - TECHNICAL REPORTS ON KOH KER SITE

V.1 Overview of Koh Ker Archeological Site, by His Excellency Mr. Kong Puthikar, Preah Vihear National Authority

“Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

[slide] On behalf of the Preah Vihear National Authority and our technical team I would like to present an introduction to Koh Ker, also called ‘the hidden capital of the Khmer Em- pire’. I will touch on the tourism situation, the demography and the forested environment and dig out challenges. We will also explain our efforts carried out to deal with the present situation.

[slide] I have already presented the location of the site and how to access it. You have also heard about the conservation area. [slide] This map presents the potential of the complex, with more than 100 temples, and among them circa 50 are standing and tourists can visit them. Unfortunately, due to the lack of a quality road network and the forest cover, only about 20 temples can be accessed. These are the itineraries that can be taken to visit; in red from the entrance up to this temple. The tourists visit the main temple and most of them, 90 per cent, ignore the other temples and only enjoy the main one. This is something we have to look into.

[slide] These are statistics on tourism from 2014 until August 2016. Compared to Ang- kor and Beng Mealea, you can see that the number of tourists remains very limited. [slide] These are the facilities that can be found on the site. In Prasat Thom we have a car park, a bathroom and some stalls selling food and beverages. [slide] These are the facilities at the entrance where the ticket booth is located. There are shops and bathrooms but they are not yet functional. [slide] We concluded that there is a lack of facilities for tourists, such as parking lots, restrooms, food and beverages, souvenir shops and so on, which are only ava- laible at the main temples. There is only one guesthouse and no proper restaurant. Part of the visiting route is not paved and inconvenient during the rainy season. Tourists visit only very few of the temples. There is no information board at each temple where tourists could get some information.

[slide] I will now talk about the demography of the site. In the conservation area there are four main areas occupied by villagers. The first one is Srayang Cheung, located outside 31

of the conservation area, but some people extend their farming areas into our conservation area. It is an old village and we do not know when it was established. There are 673 families for a population of 3,224 people, three schools, one health centre and a pagoda. The main source of income for the people is agriculture.

[slide] The next village is called Koh Ker and is located at the heart of the conservation area, next to the main temple. It is also an old settlement; there are 75 families for a population of 479 people, with one school only. As for the new settlement area, it is located north of the conservation site, was established in 2001 and includes 71 families for 315 people. There are no schools, health centres or pagodas there. The last area is Rumcheak village, established in 1979 at the end of the Khmer Rouge regime. There are 168 families for 778 people and they enjoy one school, no health centre, but one pagoda. There again the main source of income is farming.

[slide] According to the information given by the communes, we can identify that in our conservation area of 9.9 x 9 km, there is a land of 1,367 ha occupied by the villagers, presently the conservation area. [slide] We found that there is no clear boundary between each village and increasing amounts of migrant population into the area; land clearance is still undertaken by the villagers. There is a lack of any health center and the main source of income is farming and collecting forest products.

[slide] The next point is the forestry at the site of Koh Ker. There are two types: De- ciduous and mixed deciduous. Deciduous covers about 5,000 ha and mixed about 3,000 ha. These data show the forest cover from 2004 until 2016 and they also include the degraded forest. The map from 2004 shows that the area is almost entirely covered by forest, extending over almost 9,000 ha and the degraded forest is only 133 ha. In 2006, the degraded area here in yellow reached almost 400 ha and in 2010 this area increased to almost 1,000 ha, in 2014 it covered 4,500 ha, in 2016 about 6,500 ha degraded inside the conservation area. [slide] On this chart you can see the dramatic increase of degraded forest from 2010 until 2016. The blue line is the forest-covered area.

[slide] Here are the factors contributing to forest degradation. [slide] Here the activities related to land clearance carried out by farmers and a picture of a hand-made gun made by villagers to kill wildlife. We find that new settlements keep appearing along the ancient road, and that there is migration to villages within and adjacent to the heritage site. Land clearance and ring-barking of trees for farming and settlement, and illegal logging, poaching and fishing by electric shock also occur.

[slide] Having discovered all these challenges, the Preah Vihear National Authority, in collaboration with the APSARA National Authority, has started action. I would like to thank the APSARA National Authority for having existing staff at Koh Ker that was then transferred to the Preah Vihear National Authority. [slide] We have 30 staff including archaeologists, temple guards, workers and rangers. In our effort we have allocated more staff from the Department of the Environment, Forestry and Water, the Department of Monuments and Archaeology, the Department of Tourism, the Department of Urbanization and Demography and the Department of Co-operation and Intervention to be stationed at the site, including the management and staff levels.

[slide] In addition to that we also hold meetings between the Preah Vihear National Authority and local authorities to disseminate information on the transfer of the site to the Preah Vihear National Authority. Meetings were organised between the Preah Vihear Na- tional Authority and the province of Preah Vihear’s authorities. [slide] After the meeting we organised seven awareness-raising campaigns in the four villages. We have had positive feedback from the villagers. They are willing to listen to what we are trying to explain, including the environmental, archaeological and tourism factors on the site. During this campaign we also had participation at the commune and village levels and from the concerned authorities at the provincial level. We consider these programmes as successful, as we got the full participation of the villagers. 32

In addition to this we enforce the law. We have an outpost in the Koh Ker village school to stop illegal logging and the poaching of wildlife. There are also forest patrols to stop illegal construction in the site. Unfortunately, I would like to inform you that during law enforcement operations, angry villagers destroyed the guard post of the APSARA Na- tional Authority.

[slide] Another effort is forest restoration activity, where we get pupils from schools to participate in these activities. The Preah Vihear National Authority will also carry out the following activities: Land identification and demarcation for those villages inside the conservation zone of Koh Ker so that the villages are clearly demarcated in order to prevent expansion of the villages into the site ; allocation of more outposts for conservation rangers to guard against all these illegal activities; the continuance of public awareness campaign to villagers; and calls for better and full collaboration and co-operation from the provincial level to the village level. We should consider the possibility of allocating available land close to the area for future expansion of the villages and tourism development. We are planning to promote tree planting in the area and upgrading Rohal Baray for water consumption and to attract tourism.

[slide] Regarding tourism development: We would like to inform you that we will find a possibility to create new visiting itineraries where tourists could see as many of the temples as possible; here on screen, from the green line to the red arrow, we can divert the tourists from going direct to the temples - they will instead drive in a circle and arrive at the main Prasat at a later stage. We need also to install information boards at every temple to attract attention, and provide more facilities, such as parking lots, restrooms, food and beverages, souvenirs and so on at other areas in the temple zone.

We would like to finish paving the road to the main temple and to the other temples on the circuit at a later stage. In addition to that, we would like to activate the existing facilities for the tourists and consider using it as a gateway to the site. We will also promote more facilities for tourists, including an information centre together with a conservation warehouse. Finally, we will consider introducing an eco-friendly visiting environment by introducing electric bikes and/or electric cars for tourists at the main entrance area.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Puthikar for your detail presentation. May I now invite Mr Phin Pheakday for his presentation on the historical background?”

V.2 Historical Background & Archeology of the Koh Ker site, by Mr. Phin Pheakdey, Preah Vihear National Authority

“Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen,

[slide] Today, it is a great honour to present on the archaeological site of Koh Ker. The latter is one of the greatest heritage sites in Cambodia which is endangered by natural and human factors. This is the outline of my presentation: [slide] My objective is to share the significance and current state of the cultural heritage of Koh Ker. I wanted to show you the location of Koh Ker, but as my Director General has already done it, let me skip and move on to another slide.

[slide] Koh Ker site was the ancient Khmer capital city for 23 years, in the second quarter of the 10th century, and was constructed by Jayavarman IV (928-941). The ancient name of Koh Ker was “Chok Gargyar” (the pond of Koki) or “Lingapura”. The site is associated with the great civilization of Angkor. After the reign of Jayavarman IV, his successor was his son, Hasavarman II (941-942). Then Rajendravarman II was the king who moved the city back from Koh Ker to Yasodharapura. During the civil war in the 1970s and 1980s, Koh Ker site was the place where the resistant forces hid. In the beginning of 1999, the site reopened to the public.

[slide] Currently, only a few villages and small townships are near the ancient city of Koh Ker. Two villages, Rochek and Koh Ker, are the oldest villages located in the protected Zones 2 and 3 of Koh Ker site. Most of the people living in the area are farmers whose livelihoods depend on farming. Currently, the ancient irrigation system of Koh Ker cannot be used in the dry season.

[slide] My next slide presents people and local beliefs. At Koh Ker every year many ceremonies are organised in the local temples and nearby villages. Generally, when the community faces natural disaster, such as drought, a ritual is celebrated near the temple. Sometimes, people use the temple for worship and offerings. You can see in these pictures taken at Prasat Thom, at the back of this temple, the White Elephant Hill, which is a famous place not only for local people but also for the whole country, one where people flock to worship and celebrate rituals.

[slide] Under the reigns of Jayavarman IV, Hasavarman II, and Rajendravarman II, many temples were built in Koh Ker. Currently, 127 archaeological elements have been found in the Koh Ker site (Meijo-Waseda-JASA, 2011). 56 temples are still standing, built in three types of material: stone, laterite and brick.

[slide] As Koh Ker is now under the umbrella of the Preah Vihear National Authority, there has not been much archaeological research on the site. We started by collecting the available documentation already conducted on site, such as a GIS mapping done by Sydney University to create an archaeological map. This is the draft Risk Map of the Koh Ker monuments.

[slide] I will go into detail for each temple where the information was collected. This is an example of previous restoration works carried out under the time with the APSARA Na- tional Authority. Six temples are in dangerous conditions.

[slide] This is the Risk Map of Prasat Thom. The higher risks are located at the front steps with the presence of cracks and collapsed sandstone and laterite blocks. The corners of Prasat Thom are cracked and leaning, with some stones collapsing.

Next is Prasat Ling where there the top of the pedestal and the east wall with fallen stones are in a bad condition. I move on to Prasat Sralao and here is Prasat Op Neang and Prasat Chen.

I will now present the irrigation system at Koh Ker. During the reign of Jayavarman IV, according to an archaeological survey conducted on site, an enormous water reservoir, Rohal Baray (1200 x 600 metres), ponds, canals, embankments, and many small water tanks were built around the ancient capital city of Koh Ker. You can see them.on the map. For the biggest water reservoir just mentioned, the water stored in it can sadly not be used in the monsoon or dry season.

[slide] The iconography of Koh Ker style developed at the time of the site’s splendour, especially the high quality art and inventive and unprecedented sculptures. For example, the narrative iconography was not sculpted in bas-relief but took the form of standing statues, which produce an irresistible feeling of ‘reality’, inspired by theatre and which has

remained unrivalled throughout the Angkorean period. This picture shows the group of statues at Prasat Chen.

[slide] War and international conflicts since the 1970’s plunged Cambodia into a deep age of “darkness”, causing serious damage to our national heritage. For instance, during the mid-1970’s, 8 out of 9 statues of Prasat Chen of the Koh Ker site were stolen and sold abroad. On the 3rd of June, 2014, five stolen statues were returned home thanks to the efforts of the government of Cambodia in close collaboration with friendly countries, especially the United States of America. I take this opportunity to express my deep appreciation to the USA for returning these statues to Cambodia.

[slide] I conclude: According to archaeological surveys carried out at Koh Ker, many monuments are in dangerous condition. Many statues and decors inside or outside the temples have been stolen or damaged. The ancient irrigation system is also damaged.

This is my proposal: Setting up a cultural heritage education programmme targeting the local communities; capacity building on information technology, conservation and restoration works from national and international experts; collating a database of the inventory of the archaeological sites, monuments, and artifacts to design a monument and site Risk Map; to ask for the collaboration of national and international teams for emergency conservation; to mend the main ancient reservoir to revive its cultural value and benefit to the communities.

We have a short clip presenting the site of Koh Ker. Please enjoy. [a video is played] Thank you for your attention.”

General discussion

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you for your presentations. Ladies and Gentlemen, we now open the floor for discussion on the site of Koh Ker. I would like to mention that we have the presence of the president of the Hungarian South-East Asia Insti- tute, who has been doing some work on Koh Ker. If he would like to take the floor he may. First, we start with Mr. Beschaouch.”

Comment from Mr. Azedine Beschaouch: “Thank you Co-chairman. Just to say that we have the pleasure to have among our ad hoc experts Mr. Hans Leisen. He is with us today and I would like to recall that he is connected with the works in Koh Ker, as for many years he conducted conservation work there. Could you allow him to take the floor as he has many suggestions?”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Mr. Beschaouch. We certainly would like to hear from Mr. Hans Leisen about his experience and work on Koh Ker.”

Comment from Mr. Hans Leisen: “Thank you very much Co-chairman for giving me the floor. Just a few seconds of patience, as I have prepared some slides and they need to be copied. [slide] I hope this is the correct version where I have corrected some of the mis- spelling.

Excellencies, colleagues and friends, I have visited the site of Koh Ker several times this year already and I have had several meetings and discussions with the team in charge. I have to confess that I have been impressed with what has been implemented by the young Cambodian experts within a short period, just a few months. The Cambodian experts have done a great job until now; congratulations.

During our visit yesterday, we discussed several points. We have seen from the last presentation that for each temple a Risk Map for restoration has already been prepared. We 35

discussed it in a general approach. We should start with the preparation of a Risk Map for conservation which should be followed immediately by drafting a Map of Priorities, so that we know where we should start, where the highest or lowest risks are, and where the surface and décor that we want to preserve are more precious than others. Once we have this Risk Map and Map of Priorities, we can immediately start with emergency intervention. This will give us enough time to develop a proper conservation plan and intervention strategy and we can in this period select and develop adequate conservation materials and methods.

In my short presentation, I will focus on some conservation points and share my impressions with you. Of course, there are many issues which we have to discuss, as you can imagine. We just saw in this wonderful film the funny elephant trunk at Prasat Damrei. Of course this has to be conserved as does the linga at Prasat IV which is highly in danger.

[slide] We visited several temples: Prasat Pram, Prasat Chen Prasat Bang Rohal’s rock art, Prasat Damrei, Prasat Thom and the big monument Prasat Krahom and finally one of the linga temples, which you can see on the lower picture on the right hand side. One of the problems that we found which I mentioned and presented several times on the temples we are working on at Angkor has happened here as well: the Buddha beetles. We have this problem at Prasat Krahom and Eric Bourdonneau showed me some pictures where we have highly endangered exfoliated fragments of the pedestal which the Buddha beetles threatened by going into these detachments and pushing them off the stone.

[slide] On all the sites we visited, our colleagues raised the question of the cleaning of the monuments and stone surfaces. Therefore, I made it one of the main points of my presentation. Before I get on to this, let me just add something from the previous speaker who said that we have three materials: sandstone, laterite and brick. I have to add two more which are very important: we have stucco and polychrome wall paintings. This is very important, because normally people do not focus on this. When they do not know that the monument could have been decorated in a different way than carvings they do not see them. Of course, during restoration operations, and especially during cleaning, if necessary, it is very important to know that below the biology there might be polychrome layers or even paintings.

I will stress some points on Prasat Chen. We have the east Gopura and in the east Gopura we have some wall paintings which are fading away but are still there. [slide] This picture was taken a long time ago, and we have to take into account that this is something we have to keep, as it is the original part of the decor. Not only inside; it is also a picture from Prasat Pram where there are polychrome layers. I can say that most brick towers have been painted inside with polychrome layers or wall paintings. I will show one example. Note also that most temples were covered with a thin wash layer of plaster that was usually painted in the colour of the brick. This is why people cannot recognise them normally. On the eastern Gopura we have one painted wall.

I will skip these pictures: of course, they are important; we have inscriptions here and on the door jambs that are in the mud and need to be preserved. So, on this east wall we found wall paintings or painted decorations in 2004. It was the first time that we saw paintings in the central shrine of Prasat Thom. At that time, we thought we should make a survey and we found some here as well.

[slide] One recommendation that I gave yesterday and that should be included in the recommendations: To rectify the protective shelter at Prasat Thom. The beams, of course, should not be close to the wall. They have an impact on the wall and, in that case, they are in contact with the wall where we have the wall paintings, as they try to stabilise the walls. The roof must be enlarged, as should the horizontal beams, and the supporting poles should be located outside, away from the wall.

Of course, I mentioned the stone décor on this lintel in Prasat Chen where we carried out emergency consolidation years ago. At least the detachments are safe, but nevertheless there is great urgency to preserve it properly with final conservation.

[slide] Pictures of Rohal, and of course the discussion on what should we do with the carvings. From below the soil is rising, washed down from the hill and is stopped by the barrier which creates a lot of biology. What to do? Of course, I do not have a recipe for this. I would say that in general this is a natural environment and we basically do not have any possibility to prevent the soil and the biology from coming back after a cleaning process. I have to state this clearly: Conservation does not only help the monument, sometimes it can also destroy it.

One point I mentioned yesterday is weathering, the cycling change of conditions. If we clean, the biology, even using a good toxic biocide, at the latest, after five years the biology will be back and we have to clean again and this is really a long-term cyclic process. Also, imagine that there is not only this rock art sculpture; you would also have to clean every temple every five years. Who will do this? You need a lot of time, a lot of staff and finally a lot of money, which is not available. I believe that in this situation we have to protect it, we have to take care of it. Local people visit and picnic at this place and leave all their rubbish lying although close to it, even though there is a rubbish bin. They simply drop it. This is something we can do, protect the place, maybe build a fence to prevent any vandalism, and guards must protect it and control it.

[slide] Coming to Prasat Thom and Krahom, once again the discussion was on cleaning. Sometimes it is necessary if you cannot read the iconography or the inscriptions. It is an aesthetic reason that would lead us to cleaning. But we must not generalise and say how nice, shiny and pretty it would be. In general, there is only one reason to clean, if the biology is not really dangerous. Let me tell you the opinion of our biologist, who has worked in this field for 25 years. Biology in general does not destroy; some of the biology is even protective.

I will make some remarks on Preah Vihear. There we find some lichens. Sometimes buildings look white and people think it is painted, but it is actually the effect of lichens. If you look very closely, you will see that even when a temple is exposed to weather, or it is located in a very high position, the décor is still very sharp and that is where the lichens are, they can protect. In Preah Vihear, on all shrines we have polychromy, mostly red paint also on the temple walls, and if we clean them we will mainly remove the polychromy.

[slide] Coming back to Prasat Thom: Last night, I could not find the pictures of stucco as it was late and we only came back at 8pm. There are three places where it can be found. One little relic is high up, while the rest are in the halls as the stucco was better sticking to the wall. In the shrines, north and south of the main shrine at the centre of the temple, is also stucco. Unfortunately, this stucco is greatly under threat and some years ago, due to cleaning, a lot of the stucco which most probably was still in the deposit of the brick was lost because it was simply taken out. Secondly, we have the wall paintings. We discovered them around 2004.

[slide] Here, you have my colleague Robert Fuchs, who specialises in archives, papers, etc. and illumination. Here he used a special infrared technique where you cannot see more than the trained eye of the scientist or the restorer, but you can improve the picture. Here, it is almost invisible; there is a hand, some higher lines, floral decoration, a head of Shiva. We cannot reconstruct what was there. One point when I visited earlier this year; this protective shelter was not maintained. It was completely rotten, the roof was broken and water had entered it, so it did not make much sense to have it. Shortly after, we met a team in February and they restored everything and it is in very good condition now. Never- theless, after we proposed in 2004, when we did the investigation, to set up a shelter, they also built the poles of the shelter inside, close to the wall. There is no contact with the wall

but they are very close to it. Taking into account the climate, termites and other insects, I would here also propose enlarging the whole roof and to bring the poles outside.

[slide] Last but not least with regard to wall paintings, it is not in this one, but in the next shrine, to give you an impression of how precious they are. Here is the more visible decor. We did a digital reconstruction of these relics and how they must have looked in the southern building. It is hard to see and normally if you do not have a trained eye you will not see these decors. On this wall, there are these wonderful flowers, very delicately painted, they are only four centimetres wide/long. Small, but very finely painted. Once again, in this case if you clean inside or outside you will loose the decor for sure.

[slide] Another point regards stones and inscriptions. Here are some in a bad state of conservation and, of course, for these a conservation plan must be developed. This must be done by taking time, using the proper recipes, with investigations and then thinking on the material and method that could be appropriate for this important décor.

One more thing: With Eric Bourdonneau, we have co-operated on this head, which was brought from the Preah Sihanouk Museum and is now stored here in this compound where we have our workshop. It is a Naga head from the pedestal at Prasat Krahom of the huge dancing Shiva. It is badly damaged and has such a bad salt content that we have been running, since the beginning of the year, the sixth cycle of desalination. Each cycle means changing the water at least five times, then drying the stone and putting it in ion- ised water before the next cycle starts. Of course, at the beginning we had a contract for half a year and now it is almost one year and we have not been able to start with conservation. After the last cycle of desalination we have to wait at least three to four months until the stone is really dry and the conservation material can react properly.

My conclusion and recommendations: First of all, there are on almost every brick shrine, both inside and outside, polychromatic layers or wall paintings. We also still have relics of the stucco decoration in Prasat Thom and at Prasat Krahom. The recommendations: Cleaning only when conservation interventions require clean surfaces so the conservation material can stick to the wall that we want to conserve. We also have to use sophisticated and well-tested methods. We cleaned the inscriptions of the doorjamb at Pra- sat Kravan and we did one year of testing of different methods, solvents, poultices and etc., everything was prepared, tested and then we could decide this is the method we can use without losing any grains of sand from the doorjambs.

Second recommendation: The poles of any protective shelter should be built outside of the building; urgent conservation intervention is needed on the lintel at Prasat Chen, the stucco at Prasat Krahom and Prasat Thom and for the inscriptions at Prasat Thom. This is the result of our visit yesterday; of course, there are many temples that we need to survey, investigate and establish conclusions for for the recommendation.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you Professor Hans Leisen for your very detailed presentation. I mentioned Dr Zelnick earlier, who can only say a few words as we are already about 30 minutes late.”

Comment from Mr. Zelnick: [OrigF] “Excellency Minister, Co-chairs, Ladies and Gentlemen, friends; initially, I would like to congratulate the two outstanding reports on Koh Ker presented by the Director and his collaborator. These are the first reports laying out the working foundations for the years to come. I will not allow myself to present our excavation report and our work on the LiDAR and the lab tests that we carried out at the Pécs labora- tory on ceramics found in Koh Ker, work which is now completed.

I would first congratulate the governement of Cambodia for giving me the opportunity and the pleasure to financially support the publication and the excavation at Koh Ker. I will rather simply summarise the work and research undertaken over the past eight years.

Indeed, this year marks the eighth anniversary since my Institute of Research on South-East Asia began financing a team of researchers from France, Belgium, Hungary, Australia and of course our friends the Cambodian researchers. What I feel important to underscore is that the basic research on the history and art history of Koh Ker has been done. Two names will soon join the history of cultural heritage in Cambodia, those of Mrs. Khunthea, a young researcher at the APSARA National Authority, and that of Professor Claude Jacques. They succeeded in translating and interpreting all the inscriptions discovered by the French and Hungarian researchers in Koh Ker, including 73 inscribed stelae. Their research has been published in two books that I can only recommend. Some copies are available from our office.

With regard to art history and epigraphy, a major publication crowning the years of work of Professor Claude Jacques has just been published. I have the great pleasure to present this massive volume on Koh Ker, a splendid book of 400 coloured pages, printed on quality paper, which lays the foundations of Koh Ker’s history, art history and epigraphy.

The third point is that the Director General mentioned the map designed by the Uni- versity of Sydney, which at the time was a great success. Yet, this map is in need of updating following the recent LiDAR campaigns. As you know, I financially supported the inclusion of Koh Ker in the campaigns and thanks to the cleverness of a Hungarian IT professional and after three years of research and inventiveness we have been able to publish a new digital map based purely on the 500 million points taken by the LiDAR on Koh Ker which resulted in new discoveries.

For example, small quarries in Koh Ker, a new pilgrimage road from Prasat Krachap to Rohal and new infrastructures dated pre and post the Koh Ker era. It is now clear that, based on the LiDAR data, the built structures are dated beyond the years of the Khmer capital in the 10th century, and extend to the 11th, 12th and 13th centuries and even the 14th or 15th centuries. These are some examples of concrete findings or the research led by histori- ans or archaeologists and IT specialists using the LiDAR data. All this documentation is available and the results have all been published.

My last words will touch upon promoting Koh Ker. I would strongly advise the new authority in charge, the ICC-Preah Vihear, to use the so-called commercial products derived from the research and publications. Two or three years ago, we published the first tourism guidebook and map of Koh Ker and a CD describing twelve Koh Ker temples. Also, a series of postcards on Koh Ker were printed. Let me put at your disposal hundreds of copies of this promotional material that you subsquently will be able to sell. All we need is to agree on the arrangement and you will be able to earn some money that could then finance further research.

A final word on the five-year plan that we have submitted: The LiDAR findings have changed the picture and I would suggest to the Director General of the ICC-Preah Vihear to review this plan, as a new strategy needs to be redefined between this institution and my Research Institute on South-East Asia.

I thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you. Professor Beschaouch has vehe- mently said no more questions. We are behind schedule.”

Comment from Mr. Azedine Beschaouch: “It is already 1.30 p.m., so we will have to resume at 3 p.m.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “I agree entirely; we have to take care of our other requirements, without which we will not be able to function after the lunch. I now request everybody to break for lunch and since we are 30 minutes late, let’s say that we meet at 2.45 p.m.?”

Comment from Mr. Azedine Beschaouch: “At 3 p.m.; we need time for lunch.”

Comment from the co-chairman for India: “Ok, we resume at 3 p.m.”

VI - INTERNATIONAL ACTIVITIES

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “We will start the afternoon session. This morning we heard very fruitful presentations and had interesting discussions which focused on the presentations. This afternoon, according to the agenda, we will talk about the international activities and the remarks by the international participants not necessarily starting from the remarks of the representative of China. Maybe allow me to start this afternoon’s discussion and I will keep a watchful eye on the time, as I know that some participants have to leave this afternoon. Thank you for your kind understanding. Now the floor is yours. Please Ambassador, you are looking at me, so I guess you would like the floor.”

VI.1 Remarks by His Excellency Mr. Nuttavudh Photisaro, Ambassador of Thailand to Cambodia

“Your Excellency Yim Nolla, Distinguished Delegates, Honourable experts,

On behalf of the Thai Delegation, I would like to express my sincere appreciation to the Royal Government of Cambodia and the Preah Vihear National Authority for hosting this second Technical Session of the ICC-Preah Vihear and for organizing the site visit to Koh Ker Temple, which has recently been incorporated into the authority of the Preah Vihear National Authority. I would also like to take this opportunity to reiterate Thailand’s commitment to supporting the work of ICC-Preah Vihear, along with the Preah Vihear National Authority and other distinguished members of the Committee.

As our delegation mentioned at the Second Plenary Committee last March, Thailand would look into the possibility of collaborating with the ICC-Preah Vihear for the conservation and restoration of the Koh Ker historical site. In the intervening period after the last plenary session, we had a brief consultation with the Preah Vihear National Authority on how we can proceed with our co-operation.

In order to forge ahead, my delegation would like to further discuss with the honourable members of this Committee on the concrete procedures to establish a project proposal under the ICC-Preah Vihear framework. Furthermore, Thailand would welcome initial comments or recommendations from the Royal Government of Cambodia, the members of the Committee and the ad hoc experts on the development of the Koh Ker site, so that that we can take all valuable information into account.

Co–chairs,

The visit to Koh Ker yesterday gave us a broad picture of the current conditions of 40

the historical site. However, in order to have a thorough assessment and analysis, a more technical and detailed survey needs to be carried out. Thailand would further consult with the Royal Government of Cambodia to organize a preliminary study in due course.

As for our internal process, after the preliminary study, we would consult the agencies involved to get policy approval and to consider the feasibility of the project proposal in terms of technical preparation, personnel, financial aspects, timeframe and other factors. As you may understand, the internal process may take some time. However, I do hope that we can start with a visit by Thai experts to conduct a preliminary assessment in the very near future.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you to the distinguished delegate from Thailand. Also thank you on behalf of the committee for your strong commitment and valuable contributions to the site. The floor remains open to other participants. Please, you have the floor.”

Comment from Mr Divay Gupta: “Once again, good afternoon. Since the presentation was on Koh Ker I would like to make some comments. We welcome the decision of the government to hand over the charge of the site to the Preah Vihear National Authority. It adds work and challenges to the authority as Koh Ker is already a daunting site and is much bigger than Preah Vihear with many temples. Up to now the main focus has been on Preah Vihear and I think it is no secret that the national Authority has limitations in financial and human resources.

It will take many informed decisions in terms of being able to take care of both of these important sites. Some of these informed decisions will be based on certain priorities, which sometimes even means vis à vis one site as compared to the other, by which I mean Preah Vihear or Koh Ker. I think it is important that, as we have accepted plans for Preah Vihear, similar work and activity plans should be developed for Koh Ker also, so that certain priorities are identified for the authority and work can happen accordingly. Otherwise, I think it would be very challenging for them to do justice in terms of resources and human allocations to both these important sites.

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you very much. Another request for the floor from the honourable guest from Belgium.”

VI.2 Remarks by the representative from Belgium

[OrigF] “Excellencies, Delegates,

I would like to start by seconding the congratulations to the Cambodian authorities for their hospitality and the quality of the visit to Koh Ker complex and the outcomes of the works that we have listened to this morning and the sharing of all this work. I would also like to thank you for the March meeting report that was distributed this morning. I have a simple suggestion, which would be to distribute the report and the recommendations of our meetings in the months following the meeting, if that is possible. This would help in continuing our work.

In the March meeting we had already underlined the need to respect a holistic and global approach. I would like to congratulate the Preah Vihear National Authority for sub- mitting the outcomes of this global approach and we have been presented the first impacts. I was wondering whether you have already thought about how you could manage the local

people’s expectations which may be more inclined to expect immediate results, although we all know that this is always a long-term approach.

I also thank you for having presented your plan for the Koh Ker complex and the approach, which seems obvious, but as Professor Gupta said, co-ordination needs to be developed. I am convinced that you already have in mind ideas on the co-ordination and distribution of the work distribution.

I would also like to support the recommendations made by Professor Hans Leisen and I think that they should be included if possible in today's recommendations.

Let me finish by saying that the Preah Vihear and Koh Ker sites need a complete and integrated approach. What I mean is that when we mention the safeguarding of heritage, we also must include forests, hydrology, people, education, tourism and sustainable development. I hereby question the sustainability of some of the suggested measures. We should start by checking the quality of the suggested measures before their implementa- tions. This is how we will be able to assess how some works or activities will age. I believe that our work will impact in the long-term on the local people and visitors. How can we check this quality is maybe something that we should plan together.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: [OrigF] “Thank you Madam for these recommendations and your speech. I am now pleased to invite the representative of China for his remarks.”

VI.3 Remarks by the representative from China

[in Chinese with the consecutive translation in English transcribed] “Ladies and Gentlemen,

I have the pleasure of joining Preah Vihear’s second Technical Session. I would like to discuss with you the technical aspects of the conservation and restoration of Preah Vihear temple. First, I really agree with what the gentlemen and ladies mentioned on the impact, mainly on the environment, of the restoration and conservation of cultural heritage and finally human resources.

These three questions are at the top of the agenda of the conservation and restoration of cultural heritage and really deserve thorough discussion. I have been to Preah Vihear temple several times; my personal feeling is that the environment is magnificent. The second point is the authenticity of the cultural heritage. I think that to protect Preah Vihear temple we need to prioritize the environment and the authenticity of the cultural heritage. On these aspects I would like to have a chance for further discussion with the international experts.

I would like to introduce the Chinese Planning team for restoration and conservation. It is a preliminary plan. Soon, the Chinese Administration for Cultural Heritage will send a team of experts on cultural heritage. The expert team will arrive at the Preah Vihear temple site to carry out some preliminary surveys. Our main work will focus on the survey and research of ancient sacred architecture, then mapping, and the survey of the foundation and the archaeological survey and analysis of material used to build the temple. We would also conduct additional works like documentation gathering. We plan to work on the site for 16 days.

In the next 14 months, at the end of 2017, we would like to have finished our general plan for conservation and restoration. We have handed in our preliminary work plan to the Preah Vihear National Authority, and we are waiting for the Preah Vihear National Authority to approve this work plan. If the Preah Vihear National Authority agrees with our work plan, 42

we will implement our work according to our plan and not to spare any effort to implement our work.

Thank you very much for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you very much. This is indeed a solid commitment for the restoration and conservation from the Chinese representative. He has reconfirmed the commitment of China for the restoration of Preah Vihear temple. Now, I open the floor for other participant interventions. If there aren’t any, as time is scarce, we will postpone the coffee break to after the session. Any other countries would like to take the floor? Any questions? Please Mr. Beschaouch, you can start with the recommendations and explain the draft recommendations. The floor is yours.”

VII - ICC RECOMMENDATIONS

VII.1 Presentation of the recommendations by Mr. Azedine Beschaouch, Standing Secretary of the ICC-Preah Vihear

“Co-chairs, Excellencies, Colleagues,

Following this morning’s discussions and especially the interventions and suggestions made by our colleagues the ad hoc experts. I have the pleasure to submit to you for discussion and we hope the adoption of the draft recommendation.

The ICC-Preah Vihear recommends, (in two parts Preah Vihear and Koh Ker site), Part I:

For the Temple of Preah Vihear: ‘Highlighting the valuable programme implemented by the technical team of the Preah Vihear National Authority, in accordance with the specific recommendations made during its 2nd Plenary Session (21st of March 2016)’. It is important to highlight and recall this fact: ‘In accordance with the recommendations’; this means that the Preah Vihear National Authority implemented in accordance with the recommendations.

Second point: ‘To continue the implementation of the Risk Map for all aspects related to the Preah Vihear Temple and its environment – natural, human, social and cultural’. You remember we had two important interventions this morning and this recommendation summarises them and our suggestion is to continue this important recommendation.

Co-chairs, is it possible to proceed article by article? Have you got, dear colleagues any amendments or remarks to suggest about the introduction (‘highlight valuable…’) and then the recommendation? If there aren’t any I will go ahead.

Third point: ‘To initiate, as soon as possible, in co-operation with the international community and in conformity with the announcement made, a programme for conservation and restoration of the five gopuras of the Temple. These works have to be implemented in accordance with the established Risk Map’. Two important remarks: ‘in co-operation with the international community’ and ‘in conformity with the announcement made’. The latter include those of China, India, Thailand and others. In the future we will have other an- 43

nouncement and sometimes commitments and it is important to take into account the commitments that have been made with regard to the conservation and restoration of the five gopuras. Are there any observations? No, so I can continue.

Fourth point and third recommendation: ‘To continue to pay special attention to the restoration of the integrity of the forest’. This is exactly what our colleague this morning presented very well about, the forest and the programme implemented by the Preah Vihear National Authority in co-operation with the Forestry Department of the province under the guidance of His Excellency the governor of the province for this very important programme. It is essential to highlight this.

Frankly speaking, sometimes, when we talk about the forest, people say it has been depleted. This is not true and we have to highlight this example. In Preah Vihear province there is regeneration of the forest and there is a new programme and we hope at the international level to highlight the importance of this programme. This part of Cambodia is safeguarding its forest and this programme is key and it is worth continuing to see to it. Do you agree? No observations? I move on to the next one.

‘To take adequate measures for tourism development, especially, parvis [tourists in- take area], infrastructures, facilities, marketing, etc.’ This morning we heard analysis of the situation with the presentation of the specificity of the problem and data. We heard your remarks and our recommendation is to take measures for tourism development such as facilities, infrastructures, marketing, etc. This is not academic but the word ‘parvis’ does not have its equivalent in English. We have had long discussions with Her Excellency Helen Jarvis on this for the Angkor Wat ‘parvis’. The fact is that it is a new word and maybe one day in the future we will have the equivalent in English. The word ‘parvis’ suggests a visitor centre, but also a car park, shops and etc. This is the word we use in French: If you can think of a better word in English please tell your Secretariat. Please Madam, take the floor.”

VII. 2 Discussion on the recommendation

Comment from the representative of Belgium: “Could we add in this paragraph the word ‘sustainable’? For instance (I am not a native speaker): ‘To take adequate measures for sustainable Tourism Development, especially(…)’ or ‘(…) sustainable development of tourism (…)’.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“Yes, why not for the ‘development of sustainable tourism’. Thank you very much. Our task is ‘sustainable development’. Ten years ago we adopted this term. Our colleague from Belgium proposed something interesting and the Secretariat proposed adopting this amendment: ‘To take adequate measures for the sustainable tourism development (…)’. Do you agree?

Fifth recommendation: ‘To continue the completion of the permanent exhibit at the Eco-Global Museum and, in view of the advance activities, seek an appropriate time in the near future for its official inauguration’. This is the suggestion made this morning. I know that the provincial authorities would like to have the inauguration as soon as possible, the Preah Vihear National Authority of course agrees and this would be important to show the international interest in this inauguration. We have some works to achieve on it but if all goes to plan, we should be able to inaugurate the Museum in early 2017. Please, you have the floor.”

Comment from Mr Philippe Delanghe: “Just the English grammar. Could you put a ‘d’ at ‘advance activities’.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“Yes. Thank you.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Mr. Beschaouch, I do not have any issues with the recommendations, I just want to point out in your first opening paragraph you used the word Authority National for Preah Vihear and in the second National Authority for Preah Vihear. Maybe it would be good to harmonise. I remember the conversation we had at the last Committee.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“Thank you very much; it is confusion between the French and English. The second part is now on the site of Koh Ker. Please, Mr Gupta.”

Comment from Mr. Divay Gupta: “I just wanted to check because we have also recorded new archaeological findings and these are not thoroughly mentioned in the recommendations. It is an important aspect that they have discovered new temples, almost ten. That is point number one. Maybe we could put this: ‘Highlight the valuable programme implemented by the technical team of the Preah Vihear National Authority, in risk mapping archaeological findings, environment, community participation, etc.’.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“You would like this to be detailed, I understand. So we add ‘risk mapping, archaeological findings, environment, community participation and sustainable tourism’? To be clear let me reread the amended version: ‘Highlighting the valuable programme implemented by the technical team of the Preah Vihear National Authority, in risk mapping archaeological findings, environment, community participation and sustainable tourism’. If this is ok with you, then give us your second observation.”

Comment from Mr. Divay Gupta: “I suggest for your consideration a sixth point: ‘To adopt an integrated and sustainable approach for the above measures’.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“‘To adopt an integrated and sustainable approach for the above measures’. Thank you to our colleague for this very useful amendment. We add point six ‘To adopt an integrated and sustainable approach for the above measures’. Co-chairs, do you agree with these measures?

I move on to the site of Koh Ker. The recommendations are mainly based on the two interventions of this morning made by the Preah Vihear National Authority and the important suggestions made by our colleague Professor Leisen in his capacity as an ad hoc expert.

‘The ICC-Preah Vihear welcomes the decision taken by the Royal Government of Cambodia to place the management of Koh Ker site under the responsibility of the Preah Vihear National Authority’. In his speech this morning, His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister, and His Excellency Dr. Kim Sedara insisted on the importance of this decision. It was suggested that this decision is a reality that we have the pleasure to welcome. I continue: ‘And, considering the historical and archaeological values of this site, recommends: to carry out, as soon as possible, urgent conservation works at: the lintel at Prasat Chen; the stucco at Prasat Krahom; the inscriptions at Prasat Thom’. Do you agree, as this is your text? Yes. Thank you.

Second point: ‘To proceed to clean the surface of a monument, for which the conservation interventions are required, only with sophisticated and tested methods’.

Comment from Ms. Helen Jarvis: “Thank you. I fully agree with the meaning of everything until now. I think the wording on point two gives the wrong feeling. The words ‘To proceed to clean’ sounds like action, we must clean. Maybe we should say: ‘To proceed with caution in cleaning the surface of the monument’. This probably would be a better way to phrase it. ‘only utilising sophisticated and tested methods’. Put ‘utilising’ before ‘only’. Profesor Lei- sen, does this capture your meaning?”

Comment from Professor Hans Leisen: “I think this is much closer to what I would like to say, but maybe we still can include ‘only after in-depth investigation’. It is very important that we know what is there, below, under. We should know it. It should not be automatic to clean. Put this sentence.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“‘Utilising only sophisticated and tested methods and only after in-depth investigation’. Are you happy with this? We put an‘s’ at ‘investigations’. I repeat: ‘To proceed with caution in cleaning the surface of the monument for which conservation interventions are required utilising only sophisticated and tested methods and only after in-depth investigations’. Repetition can be important so I would keep ‘only’. You would like us to delete the first ‘only’. Ok.

The third point: ‘In the case where protecting shelters are used, their poles should be carefully put outside’. But outside of what Profesor Leisen? Outside the building? Professor Tan Boun Suy from the APSARA National Authority would like to take the floor.”

Comment from Professor Tan Boun Suy: “I would like to say that ‘Utilising sophisticated and tested methods’ I think it is better to say ‘relevant and tested methods’ instead of ‘sophisticated’, as some methods that are less sophisticated could be useful.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“‘Sophisticated’ is the word proposed by Professor Leisen. We have differences between ‘sophisticated’ and ‘relevant’. Relevant would mean that it is universal. I do not think that it works in this meaning. I prefer ‘sophisticated’, but Professor, you are the one to decide.”

Comment from Professor Hans Leisen: “What I wanted to say is to use very sophisticated special tools that are used in conservation and should also comply with the Charter. Small interventions, so you can only use tooth brushes, spatulae, small tools like those. I do not know what is ‘relevant’. Maybe ‘specialised’ would work.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “I think what Mr Shahai said is right: ‘appropriate methods’.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“‘Utilising appropriate methods and only after in-depth investigations’. I repeat: ‘To proceed with caution in cleaning the surface of the monument for which conservation interventions are required utilising appropriate methods and only after in-depth investigations’. Last recommendation: ‘In the case where protecting shelters are used, their poles should be put outside the building’.

Comment from Ms. Helen Jarvis: “‘Outside the structure’ as it may not be a building.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “I think if you start qualifying, it will be a long list. I am sure people when they are putting them up will understand. Rather than getting into a very detailed description, we leave it to the judgement of the people who are in charge.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“For us using the word ‘carefully’ is important, as we are specialists. It also means without damaging. Belgium, please, you have the floor.”

Comment from the representative from Belgium: “I thank everybody for the clarification of these three paragraphs and was only wondering whether Professor Leisen did not contextualise these three measures into something broader and I am wondering if there is not a sentence missing at the beginning referring to the Risk Maps which I though existed already, but maybe there is a need to establish priorities for the emergency interventions and a need to establish a conservation strategy and plan, more generally speaking.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“What is exactly your proposal?”

Comment from representative from Belgium: “After recommends: ‘To establish conservation strategy and priorities based on Risk Map that followed from this Risk Map’. Maybe an English native speaker can help me with the last part. This would enable to contextualise the points that are following.”

Mr Beschaouch:

“‘To establish conservation strategy and priorities based on Risk Map that followed from this Risk Map’.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “A suggestion. I welcome the proposal from our colleague from Belgium. What I would suggest is in the preamble paragraph, like we did in point A, you just refer to the reports from the various technical experts and in the view of that you have ‘We recommend’. Recommendations are flowing from presentations that are made by experts on Koh Ker and Preah Vihear. So it could be ‘Welcome the decision by the Royal Government of Cambodia, Preah Vihear National Authority and considering the historical values of the site and the presentations made by experts at the meeting, recommends’. Then you follow the different points.”

VII.3 Approval of the Recommendations by the ICC

Mr Beschaouch:

“As we now have the final version, is it possible to consider that you adopt the recommendations amended by many colleagues, including our Co-chair? Yes. We consider them adopted. We will distribute them later.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you Professor for your very effective explanations and congratulations to all the participants for the adoption of the recommendations. Since we do not have the coffee break, let’s continue the agenda and move on to the closing session, although before, if you have anything to add we open the floor for a short general discussion as we need to catch up on time.”

General discussion

Comment from Mr. Kim Sedara: “Co-chair, if you will allow me, on behalf of the Preah Vi- hear National Authority, as the head of delegation I would like to talk about the recommendations. I welcome the plan of the Chinese team. They need to explore and research the site before doing any restoration work. I also thank our Thai friends to further explore and research, especially at the site of Koh Ker. On behalf of the Preah Vihear Na- tional Authority we are happy to facilitate any kind of technical process that may be needed in the future.

My last point is that I totally agree with the idea of Professor Gupta. The Preah Vihear National Authority should have a well-integrated system, including a multi-disciplinary approach in various fields such as the environment, forests, water, conservation and communities. Like for Angkor in 1992, we have a big Risk Map to follow. I totally agree with this because by having this master plan of a well-integrated approach we will be able to smoothly implement our plan. Thank you.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you president. The floor is open to other participants for any comments. Maybe from our colleagues from Cambodia or UNESCO? Professor Beschaouch would like the floor.”

Comment from Mr. Azedine Beschaouch: [Orif] “Thank you Co-chair. Only to recall that before moving on to the closing ceremony we need to set the date of the next meeting; we always do this for the Angkor or this ICC. As you are on the verge of starting this closing session I think, on behalf of the Secretariat, that we should discuss this date.

We would like to keep the current pace of meetings and choose the month of March to hold the Plenary Session and that of September for the Technical. Could we plan the next Plenary Session for March? Subsequently, the two Co-chairs will liaise with His Excellency the representative of the Royal Government of Cambodia to set the exact date. It would be good to already decide on the month of March and maybe even to say that it should be held during the last ten days of the month, between the 20th and the 30th to make things easier. This is what I wanted to say, Co-chair."

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you Professor for reminding us of the date of the next session. We have two choices in front of us. We could consider the date today and another one if you allow me to propose after consultation with the Cambodian authority and the founding members. Now, I am pleased to ask the Secretary to give us your suggestion or your information. Do we have any suggestion for a date for the next Plenary Session?”

Comment from Mr. Kim Sedara: “For March I will need confirmation from His Excellency the Deputy Prime Minister first, but it is most likely that March would be possible.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “Thank you for making that suggestion, Mr. Bes- chaouch. I think some kind of clarity about the timeframe as to when the technical and plenary sessions would be held would be good. I am talking from the perspective of the government of India, as procedures require us to notify them a long time ahead to request a delegation from the government of India. It is precisely what happened at this session, when we got the notification very late and there was not enough time.

I also appreciate the point made that it might be rather difficult at this juncture to specify the dates of future sessions, as it would depend on the availability of the Deputy Prime Minister Dr. Sok An and of other members. Might we agree that we will try to do something that could lead us to an understanding that we do not put formally in writing that the last week or ten days of March is when the plenary should be held although this can be modified depending on availability, and the last week of September is when we do the technical session. Knowing full well that the Preah Vihear National Authority will do its 48

best to endeavour to do that but it may or may not be possible to do it according to the schedules of participants. I think we leave it with that understanding - it should be good enough.”

Comment from Mr. Divay Gupta: “I have a proposition to make but obviously everybody should accept it. Unlike Angkor, which is a very large site with many monuments, perhaps initially we may even think of having a combined plenary and technical session once a year. I think it is much more economical even for the Royal Government of Cambodia, as the officers are now required to attend four sessions (two for Preah Vihear, two for Angkor). Maybe some thoughts should be given because of course all the projects are happening and maybe later we can reconsider the frequency of the sessions. Initially, I think a two-day session is a better idea and I think more and more international people would be able to devote more time and it would be more economical. Maybe a thought on that may be given?”

Comment from Mr. Kim Sedara: “I totally agree with this kind of new idea. Actually this idea has been floating around for some time. If we can swing it to just one ICC per year, increasing the number of days to two and the second day is the plenary. It would be eco- nomically relevant and also we can avoid time constraints. Personally, I agree it is a very, very good option.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for India: “From our side, speaking from India’s perspective, we would agree with that.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you for the suggestion. Would any other delegates like to take the floor? Thailand, Belgium, any comments? No?”

Comment from Professor Sachchidanand Sahai: “I personally think that since Preah Vihear is still in its beginning the meetings should be done at six-month intervals so that we do not forget. One year is a long time, so for the moment we have to stay with six months. When you are in a position to consolidate you have to attract more people, more countries and you have to do so many things. It cannot be done in one year of time; you have to appeal to about 200 nations through our great Co-chairpersons, because they have friends everywhere. In every country they have friends. We need Preah Vihear to become another Angkor, with 200 temples associated with it. For the moment, keep it six months.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: “Thank you. Are there any other comments? No. We move on to the closing session and I am please to invite Dr. Yim Nolla, Senior Min- ister, to make his speech and after the Co-chair from India will make his speech to start the closing session.”

Comment from Dr. Yim Nolla: [OrigF] “I would rather speak after the speech of the Co-chair for India.”

ICC-PREAH VIHEAR ______

2nd Technical Session (Siem Reap, 29 September 2016) ______

RECOMMENDATIONS

The ICC for Preah Vihear recommends:

A. For the Preah Vihear Temple

Highlighting the valuable programme implemented by the technical team of the Preah Vihear Na- tional Authority in Risk Mapping, archaeological findings, environment, community participation and sustainable tourism, in accordance with the specific recommendations made during its 2nd Plenary Session (21st March 2016),

1. To continue the implementation of the Risk Map for all aspects related to the Preah Vihear Temple and its environment – natural, human, social and cultural.

2. To initiate, as soon as possible, in cooperation with the international community and in conformity with the announcement made, a programme for conservation and restoration of the five gopuras of the Temple. These works have to be implemented in accordance with the established Risk Map.

3. To continue to pay special attention to the restoration of the integrity of the forest.

4. To take adequate measures for the Sustainable Tourism Development, especially, parvis, infrastructures, facilities, marketing, etc.

5. To continue the completion of the permanent exhibit at the Eco-Global Museum and, in view of the advanced activities, seek an appropriate time in the near future for its official inauguration.

6. To adopt an integrated and sustainable approach for the above measures.

B. For the Koh Ker Site

The ICC-Preah Vihear welcomes the decision taken by the Royal Government of Cambodia to place the Management of Koh Ker site under the responsibility of the Preah Vihear National Authority and, considering the historical and archaeological values of this site, and presentations made by ad hoc experts, recommends:

1. To establish conservation strategy and priorities based on the Risk Map.

2. To carry out, as soon as possible, urgent conservation works at:

a. the lintel at Prasat Chen;

b. the Stucco at Prasat Krahom;

c. the inscriptions at Prasat Thom.

3. To proceed with caution in cleaning the surface of a monument, for which the conservation interventions are required, utilizing appropriate methods, and only after in-depth investigations.

In the case where protecting shelters are used, their poles should be carefully put outside of the structure.

VIII - CLOSING SESSION

VIII.1 Closing remarks from His Excellency Naveen Srivastava, Ambassador of India, Embassy of India in Cambodia

“I will be brief with my remarks. First of all I would like to convey our sincere gratitude to His Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister of the Council of Ministers and also to the delegation of the Royal Government of Cambodia for the constant support they have extended to these meetings, in particular the Preah Vihear National Authority. I think we had very fruitful discussions and we have come up with specific recommendations. I would like to compliment the Scientific Secretary Professor Beschaouch for the excellent work he has done that can be translated later into action on the work done by the technical experts.

We can take some satisfaction that conservation and restoration plans or at least commitment for the main gopuras of Preah Vihear have been identified and agreed to. As I mentioned in my opening remarks earlier in the morning, we expect our technical team to be in Angkor and Siem Reap very shortly. Once they are in the town and doing their work on Ta Prohm, they will carry out more studies on Preah Vihear, as to what they can do and they will be in close co-ordination with the Chinese team so that they can decide how they can proceed further when they jointly do work on Gopura I.

I just wanted to refer to the discussion we just had before the closing session, regarding the scheduling of the meetings. Our only remark at this point would be that the notice of this meeting be given sufficiently in advance because sometimes it is difficult, and I speak for the government of India, for us to process the case if it is received very shortly and that then affect our participation. I hope that suggestion will come to mind for future meetings.

With those words I would like to thank the delegates and everyone who participated in making presentations, which were excellent and detailed. They enhanced our knowledge not just of the Preah Vihear complex but also that of Koh Ker and I am sure that all of you will be satisfied with the work done.

Once again, thank you for your attention.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: [OrigF] “I am now honoured to hand over the floor to His Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, for his closing remarks.”

VIII.2 Closing remark from His Excellency Dr Yim Nolla, Senior Minister of the Council of Ministers of the Royal Government of Cambodia

[OrigF] “Excellencies, Colleagues, Distinguished Co-chairs,

I am delighted to take the floor to close this fruitful session. Let me start by stating that His Excellency Dr. Sok An, Deputy Prime Minister and Chairman of the Cambodian Na- tional Commission to UNESCO, will be statisfied with the major outcomes achieved today. I would also like to congratulate the Co-chairs. Their wise moderation has enabled the smooth proceedings of the Committee in an excellent atmosphere. 51

On behalf or the Royal Government of Cambodia and in particular of the Preah Vihear National Authority I would like to assure you that the recommendations adopted by this Committee will be implemented under the best conditions and as rapidly as possible. The temple of Preah Vihear and the site of Koh Ker are close to the hearts of the people and those of the Royal Government of Cambodia. Their safeguarding and developement are for all of us as much an assignement as a duty. I thank you all for your contributions and thank you all vividly.”

Comment from the Co-chairman for China: [OrigF] “Thank you Minister.”

VIII.3 Closing remarks from His Excellency Mr Du Yue, Secretary-General of the Chinese National Commission for UNESCO

“Your Excellency Mr. Yim Nolla, Senior Minister, Founding members of the ICC, Honourable guests, Ladies and Gentlemen,

It was indeed a very fruitful session today. Again, please allow me to thank the Royal Government of Cambodia for hosting this meeting and organising a happy meeting of the ICC-Preah Vihear. I wish to renew my heartfelt thanks together with the Co-chair for India for the Secretariat of the Committee and the Preah Vihear National Authority for your care- ful preparation and organisation of this session.

Aligned with the important effective implementation of the 28th session of the World Heritage Committee, I was impressed in the morning session by the remarkable work led by the APSARA National Authority and Preah Vihear National Authority. Your report on archaeology, conservation, tourism and development demonstrated a clear and prospective working plan under high attention, strong determination and the wise leadership of the Royal Government of Cambodia and his Excellency Dr. Sok An in particular.

I would like to take this occasion to commemorate the ten-year anniversary of the Preah Vihear National Authority. With the Koh Ker site now under your authority, it is an honourable responsibility and a wise decision. I also convey my appreciation for the implementation to the full extent of the national plan and policy with the active involvement and participation of the provincial and local authorities and of the local community. As we say in Chinese: ‘Success comes from one point from its policy, the other nine points from its implementation’.

The investment in human resources and continued capacity building is key for its implementation, as said by His Excellency Kim Sedara this morning. However, welcoming the Royal Government of Cambodia’s efforts, I wish to recall that the protection of World Herit- age is a shared responsibility for us, as his Excellency Mr Hao Ping stated this morning: we should enhance our international solidarity to safeguard our cultural identity and collective memory and to pass it on to the next generation. It is about ownership. I am proud that China is one of the owners and we are delighted to share this ownership with all the committee members and therefore all potential partners.

By exploring, opening and responding to working modalities, this session is another step for us to put our common commitment into co-ordinated action. I am glad activities are already under way. Pleminary studies by Chinese experts, as mentioned, have started recently and will extend to another dimension next year. Chinese authorities in charge of Cultural Heritage and international assistance are ready to provide support for conservation

works at the three gopuras that China committed to take over in the second Plenary Ses- sion in March and we will spare no efforts to work with our Indian colleagues on Gopura I.

This action needs to be enhanced by enlarging co-operation within the multilateral framework of the ICC. This is why China proposes to host a meeting in Hainan province at the end of this year, or later, to build up our working platform for experts and panels to discuss collaborative plans for the coming years with a list of people that we may elaborate together. This is what we should do and to go further to live up to the expectations of our Cambodian friends. This is how we practise international dialogue to foster connections and exchanges between people and construct a community of shared destiny for peace and prosperity in our region.

I am pleased to now close the session. Thank you very much for your attention.”

**Conclusion of the 2nd ICC-Preah Vihear Technical Committee Meeting **

2nd Technical Session of ICC-Preah Vihear Siem Reap - APSARA National Authority Premises, 29 September 2016 PARTICIPANT LIST

No. Name Position Organization Email/Phone Number

គណៈបតភិ ូជរ ភលិ / Royal Government

1 H.E. Yim Nolla Senior Minister Oﬃce of the Council of the Ministers

2 H.E Mr. CHUCH Phoeurn Honor President Secretary of State

3 H.E Mr. Kim Sedara President President of NAPV

4 H.E. Mrs. Helene JARVIS Advisor Government Advisor

5 H.E. Mr. Teruo JINNAI Advisor Government Advisor

6 H.E. Mr. PHAY Siphan Secretary of State Secretary of State

7 H.E. Mr. Sum Map Director General APSARA Director General APSARA

8 H.E. Mr. ROS Borath President of CAMNAC Director General

Ambassador Permanent 9 H.E. Mrs. Tan Theany UNESCO CAMBODIA Delegation of the Kindoom of

10 H.E Mr. KHIM Bunsong Governor Siem Reap Provice

11 H.E. Mr. UN Chanda Governor Preah Vihear Province

12 H.E. Mr. TOP Sopheack Oﬃce of the Council of the Ministers

13 H.E. Mr. MONH Sam ath

14 H.E. Mr. KIM Sangvath

15 H.E. Mr. Prak Sonnara Director General

16 H.E. Mr. Phann Nady Director

17 Mr. Kong Vireak Director

18 Mr. Seng Sot Deputy-Director General

19 H.E. Mr. BUON Lim Heng Under Secretary of State Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 20 H.E. Mr. IM Sithol Secretary-General Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

21 H.E. Mr. MAO Vibol Advisor Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

22 H.E. Mr. Top Chanry Director of the OCM Cabinet Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

23 H.E. Mr. Kong Chanveasna Advisor attached to the Oﬃce Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

24 H.E. Mr. Chhorn Thong Director of Finance Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

Director of Internal Audit H.E. Dr. Chea Pov Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers 25 Department

Deputy Director of Press and 26 Mr. EK Tha Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers Quick Reaction Dept.

27 Mr. Tuy Sinna Assistant attached to the oﬃce Oﬃce of the Council of Ministers

ធរេខតតបះវិ រ / Preah Vihear Province

28 H.E. Mr. SUOS Yara Member of Parliament Preah Vihear Province

29 H.E. Mr. LONG Sovann President of Provincial Council

30 Mr. CHEA Kim Seng Distric Governor

31 Mr. Nov Sokuna Director

32 Mr. Kong Vibol Director

33 Mr. Eea Sokha Director

34 Mr. Kong Sophon Director

35 Mr. Rath Sophea Director of Information

36 Mr. It Phumara Director

37 Mr. MOUL Mab Chief

38 Mr. Prak Phy Chief

39 H.E. Mr. KHENG Someth General

40 H.E. Mr. Phok Veasna Lieutenant General

41 H.E. Mr. DOUNG Samneang Major General

42 H.E. Mr. YIN Chumnith Major General

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 43 H.E. Mr. LY Sun Major General

44 Mr. Him Chan Major

45 Mr. THAB Sarith Major General

46 Mr. Bin Chara Acting Director of Tourist Police

47 Mr. Pen Jing Depoty District Governor

48 Mr. Si Kiri Police Commisioner of Preah Vihear

Chief Military Police Commander Mr. Korng Saokun 49 of Preah Vihear

50 Mr. Pang Yeat Kulen District Governor

51 Mr. Pen Lam Srayang Commune Chief

First Deputy Chief of Mr. Ream Set 52 Srayang Commune

53 Mr. Lang Lisievleng Police Chief of Kulen District

ធរេខតេសមប / Siem Reap Province

54 Mr. Ngov Sengkak Director

ប កសួងេផងៗ / Ministries

55 H.E. Mr. Bong Sovat Rector

56 Mr. CHEN Chanratana Director of KERDOMNEL KHMER

57 H.E Tith Narith KERDOMNEL KHMER

58 Mr. THOURN SINAN Chairman of PATA CAMBODIA

59 Mrs. CHHAY SIVLIN President of CATA

/ National Authority for Preah Vihear ធរតពះវិ ិ រ

60 H.E Mr. Hang Soth Vice President NAPV

61 H.E Mr. Uk Topbotra Vice President NAPV

62 H.E Mr. Pao Sophal Advisor NAPV

63 H.E. Kong Puthikar Director General NAPV

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 64 H.E Mr. Srey Deuk Deputy Director General NAPV

65 Mr. Kheav Sambat Deputy Director General NAPV

66 Mr. Chhong Setha Department Director NAPV

67 Mr. Pheng Sam Oeun Department Director NAPV

68 Mr. Heng Samreth Department Director NAPV

69 Mr. Hem Sinath Department Director NAPV

70 H.E Mr. York Vannaluch Department Director NAPV

71 Mr. Khou Eang Hourt Department Director NAPV

72 Mr. Msas Lim Deputy Director of Department NAPV

73 Mr. Sim Chhayarith Deputy Director of Department NAPV

74 Mr. Tuy Rany Deputy Director of Department NAPV

75 Mr. Kha Hor Deputy Director of Department NAPV

76 Mr. Lang Polin Deputy Director of Department NAPV

77 Mr. HIM Sokmeth Staﬀ NAPV

78 Ms. Van Nary Staﬀ NAPV

79 Ms. Choeurn Cheanawin Staﬀ NAPV

80 Mr. CHUM Phirum Staﬀ NAPV

81 Mr. Nath Minea Staﬀ NAPV

82 Mr. PHUM Ratanakpiseth Staﬀ NAPV

83 Mr. Phin Pheakdey Staﬀ NAPV

84 Mr. Houn Yav Staﬀ NAPV

85 Mr. Toch Saovathana Staﬀ NAPV

86 Ms. Chea SokKheng Staﬀ NAPV

87 Mr. SENG Non Staﬀ NAPV

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 88 Mr. Norn Soknov Advisor to Tourism Department NAPV

89 Mr. Yong Sopheak Staﬀ NAPV

90 Mr. Toch Chan Rachna Staﬀ NAPV

91 Mr. Sor Sothea Staﬀ NAPV

92 Mr. Som Cheath Staﬀ NAPV

93 Mr. Phan Pheap Staﬀ NAPV

94 Mr. Sim Sophat Staﬀ NAPV

95 Mr. HENG Bona Staﬀ NAPV

96 Mr. YONG Sophea Staﬀ NAPV

97 Mr. KAN Thanarak Staﬀ NAPV

98 Mr. Sam Piseth Staﬀ NAPV

99 Mr. MOK Doeung Staﬀ NAPV

100 Mr. Sok Ramo Staﬀ NAPV

101 Mr. Youn Daravuth Staﬀ NAPV

102 Mr. Chheang Sovanna Staﬀ NAPV

103 Mr. Lun Saosovann Staﬀ NAPV

ធរតអបិ / APSARA Authority

Conseiller du Président de S.E. M. SEUNG Kong APSARA 104 l’Autorité Nationale APSARA

S.E. M. KHOY Kim Tour Conseiller du Président de APSARA 105 l’Autorité Nationale APSARA

Conseiller du Président de S.E. M. MEY Marady APSARA 106 l’Autorité Nationale APSARA

Conseiller du Président de S.E.M.TAN Sombon APSARA 107 l’Autorité Nationale APSARA

108 S.E. M. TAN Boun Suy Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

109 S.E. M. CHHOR Thanat Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

110 S.E. M. SOK Sangvar Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 111 S.E. M. UK Someth Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

112 S.E. M. HANG Peou Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

113 S.E. M. HOK Peng Sè Directeur Général Adjoint APSARA

114 Madame MAO Loâ Chargée de mission APSARA

115 Monsieur NGAN Dany Directeur de Département APSARA

116 Monsieur CHRUN Sophal Chagé de mission APSARA

117 Monsieur LONG Kosal Directeur de Département APSARA

118 Monsieur NIN Chansamean Directeur de Département APSARA

119 Monsieur HENG Kim Leng Directeur de Département APSARA

120 Monsieur LY Vanna Directeur de Département APSARA

121 Monsieur PHOAN Phalla Directeur de Département APSARA

Directeur de Département par 122 Monsieur Yit Chandaroat APSARA intérim

Monsieur CHHEAN Ratha Directeur de Département par APSARA 123 intérim Directeur de Département par 124 Monsieur KONG Morakat intérim APSARA

Monsieur ROS Ratheany Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA 125 par intérim

126 Monsieur CHAN Vathna Directeur de Département APSARA

127 Madame OUM Marady Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA

Monsieur TOUS Somanaeth Directeur de Département par APSARA 128 intérim

129 Mr. Chhoun Bunnath Archeologist APSARA

130 Mr. Ea Darith Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA

131 Mr. Leng Sathya Oﬃcial APSARA

132 Mr. Thoeun Sokhon Oﬃcial APSARA

133 Mr. Phin Samnang Oﬃcial APSARA

134 Mr.Tann Sopheap Directeur Adjoint de Département APSARA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 135 Mr.An Sopheap Oﬃcial APSARA

136 Mr. Han sochry Oﬃcial APSARA

137 Mr. Kheam mony Oﬃcial APSARA

138 Mrs. Hong Kolap Oﬃcial APSARA

139 Mss. Boeut Sophea Oﬃcial APSARA

140 Mr. Khien Pisith Oﬃcial APSARA

141 Miss.Doy Pichjira Oﬃcial APSARA

142 Mr.Houn Sokcheat Oﬃcial APSARA

143 Mr.Soy Channorith Oﬃcial APSARA

144 Mr.Thai Yamang Oﬃcial APSARA

145 Mr.Prom Titchhoponnarith Oﬃcial APSARA

146 Mrs.Lor Rathdanita Oﬃcial APSARA

147 Miss.Kean Panhavontey Oﬃcial APSARA

148 Miss.Meng Sovanlilin Oﬃcial APSARA

149 Mr.Sea Sophearun Oﬃcial APSARA

150 Miss.Tim Thida Oﬃcial APSARA

151 Miss.Khat Samorn Oﬃcial APSARA

152 Mr.Phorn Sovibol Oﬃcial APSARA

153 Miss.Seang Sophany Oﬃcial APSARA

154 Mrs.Eng Rina Oﬃcial APSARA

155 Mr.Sytha Visaradaputra Oﬃcial APSARA

156 Mr.SAM SARETH Oﬃce Manager APSARA

157 Mr.SORN CHANTHARN Oﬃcial APSARA

158 Mr.CHEANG SOKUONG Oﬃcial APSARA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 159 Mrs.MAO SOMEAPHYVATH Oﬃcial APSARA

160 Mr.SORN RENOVAN Oﬃcial APSARA

161 Mr.PEN SAT Oﬃcial APSARA

162 Mr.MOEUN CHANTREA Oﬃcial APSARA

163 Miss.MOA CHOUNA Oﬃcial APSARA

គណៈកមរតិ UNESCO កមុ / Cambodia UNESCO Cambodia National Commision Mr. YOUS Eang UNESCO 164 for UNESCO

165 Sor Sothea UNESCO

Cambodia National Commision Mr. MOUNG Sawath UNESCO 166 for UNESCO

Cambodia National Commision Mr. Samreth Viseth UNESCO 167 for UNESCO

គណៈកមរតេបតកភណិ ិ ពភពេកិ / National Commitee World heritage

168 Mr. UNG Rotha Deputy Division of Legal Aﬀairs

169 Mr. PHOUK Chandrissna Deputy Division of IT

អករព័ត៌ន / Press and Quick Reaction Unit

170 Om Chandara Department Director

171 Samreth Socheat Oﬃcial

172 Neang Soryda Deputy Director of Department

173 Sim Leap Photographer

174 Chea Sopheak Cameraman

175 Ros Sam Cameraman

176 Keo Chantra Cameraman

177 Im Manith Photographer

178 Kim Sameth Cameraman

179 Yun Savoeun Cameraman

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 180 Cheng Thourk Cameraman

181 Moeung Kosal Cameraman

182 Chan Vichet Cameraman

183 Ra Thyrath Cameraman

184 Sao Thy Cameraman

185 Prak Sovann dara Cameraman

186 Chan Raksmey Journalist-Koh Santepheap

187 Keo Sophat Journalist-Fresh News

188 Chhun Kosal Journalist-Kampucheatmey

189 Soeung Seth Journalist-Reaksmeykampuchea

190 Kheng Udom Journalist-KhmerDaily

191 Isa Rohany Journalist-Thmeythmey

ពធរទសរគណៈរដមនិ ី ី ី ី / OCM Protocol

192 H.E. Mr. YIN Chantho Protocol OCM

193 Mr. RATH Soudina Protocol OCM

194 Mrs. HAK Porleang Protocol OCM

195 Mrs. MEAS Sapov Protocol OCM

Co-Chair (China)

Vice-minister of Education, H.E. Mr. Hao Ping National Commission to UNESCO 196 Chairman of National Deputy Director-general, Mr. XU Yan 197 Research Institute of State State Administration of Cultural Heritage Co-Chair and Secretary General, H.E. Mr. Du Yue National Commission to UNESCO 198 National Commission of China for

First Secretary, Department of Mr. Han Xiaofei 199 Foreign Assistance, Ministry of

Mr. Yang Hao Personal Assistant to Mr. Hao National Commission to UNESCO 200 Ping Deputy Chief, Division of Science Mrs. ZONG Huawei National Commission to UNESCO 201 and Culture, National

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 Partner and Chief Strategic Advisor 202 Mr. PENG Binge Senior Vice President

203 Ms. WANG Yuyun Oﬃcial Speaker

204 Mr. ZHU Dengkai Senior Partner

Special Assistant to Chief Mr. HU Kai 205 Strategy Consultant

206 Ms. ZHANG Yajie Assistant Oﬃcial Speaker

Director, Department of Social Mr. WEI Ting 207 Responsibilities

Co-Chir(India)

208 H.E. Mr. Naveen Srivastava Ambassador [email protected]

hoc.phnompenh@mea. 209 Mr. Rajiv Kumar Second Secretary gov.in

EMBASSIES

Embassy of JAPAN

210 Ms. Kaoi Tanabe(Kunthea) Second Secretary [email protected]

Embassy of Belgium

211 Mrs. Benedicte Selfslagh Expert

Embassy of United State of America

212 Ms. Monica Davis Cultural Aﬀairs Oﬃcer

Embasasy of Thailand

212 H.E. Mr. Nattavudh PHOTISARO Ambassador Royal Thai Embassy

213 Ms. Ek-on Khunacharoeun Minister Counsellor

Director of the Oﬃce of Mr. Satawan HOMSAI 214 Architecture Director of the Oﬃce of MISS Nareerat PREECHAPECHACUPT 215 Archaeology

Director of the 11th regional oﬃce 216 Mrs Jitpredee PROMSRITHONG Ubonratchthani of Fine Arts

217 Mr. Vasu POSHYANANDANA Senior Architect

218 Mr. Ratchabhoom BOONRAWD Counsellor, Royal Thai Embassy

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 219 Mr. Pongdhan SAMPAONGERN Professional Archaeologist

Embassy of the Russia Federation

220 Mr. Valery KHODZHAEV Minister Counsellor

ICC Standing Scretariat

Prof. Azedine BESCHAOUCH ICC Scientiﬁc Secretary UNESCO azedinebeschaouch 221 @hotmail.com

apsara.ddta@online. 222 H.E. Mrs.CHAU SUN Kérya ICC Secretariat APSARA Authority com.kh

Ad Hoc Expert ICC Preah Vihear

Principal Director, Architectural divaygupta@gmail. 223 Mr. Divay Gupta Ad Hoc Expert Heritage Division, Indian National Trust com

224 Prof. Sachchidanand Sahai Ad Hoc Expert [email protected]

Prof. Hans leisen Project Director GACP hans.leisen@fh-koeln. 225 de

UNESCO in Cambodia

UNESCO Representative in a.lemaistre@unesco. 226 Ms. Anne LEMAISTRE UNESCO Phnom Penh Cambodia org

Mr. Philippe DELANGHE Culture Programme Specialist UNESCO Phnom Penh p.delanghe@unesco. 227 org

Mr. LIM Bunhok lim.bunhok@gmail. 228 com

229 Mr. MEY Kosal Project Focal Point UNESCO Phnom Penh [email protected]

International Teams

Archaeology and Development Foundation, France

230 Mr. SAKHOEUN Sakada Archaeologist ADF

CNPA

231 Mr. Karel Kranda CNPA [email protected]

Cultural Heritage Administration

Cultural Heritage Mr. KIM Yeon Soo Director 232 Administration

Chinese Safeguarding Angkor (CSA)

233 Mr. QIAO Yunfei CSA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 234 FAN Min CSA

235 ZHANG Nian CSA

Ecole française d'Extrême Orient (EFEO)

Mr. Eric BOURDONNEAU Director EFEO eric.bourdonneau@ 236 efeo.net

237 Mr. Jacques GAUCHER Head of French Archaeological Mission at Angkor

Friends of Khmer Culture (FOKCI)

238 Mr. Joyce Clark Vice President FOKCI

Mr. SIYONN Sophearith Country representative FOKCI sopheariths@yahoo. 239 com

GIZ/APSARA Stone Conservation Unit

240 Mr. Thomas BERNECKER Stone Conservator GIZ/SCU

241 Ms. LONG Nary Senior Expert GIZ/SCU

Heritage Mission

242 Ms. SISOWATH MEN Chandévy Director Heritage Mission [email protected]

243 Ms. MEN Sodany Membre mission du partrimoine Heritage Mission [email protected]

The Hungrian Southeast Asian Research Institute

244 Ms. Thida Thim Member of HSARI HSARI

Institute of Southeast Asian Studies

Dr. Kyle Latinis Research Fellow ISEAS david.kyle.latinis@ 245 gmail.com

Institut National Pour la Research Archéologique Préventive (INRAP)

246 Mr. Pierre BÂTY Archaeologist INRAP [email protected]

University of WASADA

Coordinator of joint team of Mr. Mitsumasa Ishizuka University of Waseda [email protected] 247 Waseda and Meijo Universities

248 Mr. CHEA Nol Representative JST

NRICP NARA (NARA National Research Institute for Cultural Properties)- Japan

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 249 Mr. Yuni SATO Archaeologist Nara Institute [email protected]

250 Mr. HAN Ritha Expert Nara Institute

Narrow Casters

Ms. Ros Rotanak Country Manager Narrowcasters Cambodia rrotanak@narrow 251 casters.com

252 Ms. Lady Penny Street Senior archaeologist

SAFEGE

253 Mr. Paul Galzin SAFEGE

Sophia Asia Center

254 Mr. Yoshiaki ISHIZAWA Director Sophia Asia Center

255 Mr. Satoru MIWA Field Director Sophia Asia Center [email protected]

256 Mr. LAO Kim Leang Professor Sophia University

WMF (World Monument Fund)

257 Ms. CHEAM Phally Senoir Achitect/Coordinator World Monument Fund [email protected]

Friends of Preah Vihear-Japan

258 Hon. NORITADA Morita Chairman

Perfect World Group

259 Mr. PENG Binge Partner and Chief Strategic Advisor

260 Ms. WANG Yuyun Senior Vice President Oﬃcial Speaker

261 Mr. ZHU Dengkai Senior Partner

262 Mr. HU Kai Special Assistant to Chief Strategy Consultant

263 Ms. ZHANG Yajie Assistant Oﬃcial Speaker

Secretary Team

264 MOM Leap Piseth NAPV

265 MORN Veasna NAPV

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 266 KIM Ratanak NAPV

267 NOU Nin NAPV

268 EAR Mary NAPV

269 DUONG Hopanga NAPV

270 VINA Chankanitha NAPV

271 KEA Sopheany NAPV

272 LIM Vongvatanak NAPV

273 CHOEUN Nawin NAPV

274 SENG Non NAPV

275 SOM Cheat NAPV

276 YIN Toma NAPV

APSARA

277 PHOAN Phalla APSARA

278 ROS Roatheany APSARA

279 DENG Sambath APSARA

280 MENG Vanny APSARA

281 MOT Lina APSARA

282 NORN Tony APSARA

283 TRY Khantey APSARA

284 KHHEANG Phalla APSARA

285 BLEY Sothy APSARA

286 ORN Savoeurn APSARA

287 DOEURK Ratanak APSARA

288 LOUENG Tin APSARA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016 289 ICH Lix APSARA

290 SE Sreypoue APSARA

291 AN Vanny APSARA

292 KEO Vanny APSARA

293 VANN Man APSARA

INTERNATIONAL CO -ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR THE SAFEGUARDING AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE HISTORIC SITE OF PREAH VIHEAR SECOND TECHNICAL SESSION – SEPTEMBER 29, 2016