The Earliest Athenian New Style Bronze Coins. Some Evidence from the Athenian Agora*
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The Rise of the Games the Olympic Games Originated Long Ago In
The Rise of the Games The Olympic Games originated long ago in ancient Greece. Exactly when the Games were first held and what circumstances led to their creation is uncertain. We do know, however, that the Games were a direct outgrowth of the values and beliefs of Greek society. The Greeks idealized physical fitness and mental discipline, and they believed that excellence in those areas honored Zeus, the greatest of all their gods. One legend about the origin of the Olympic Games revolves around Zeus. It was said Zeus once fought his father, Kronos, for control of the world. Although we do not know just when the Games were first played, the earliest recorded Olympic competition occurred in 776 B.C. It had only one event, the one-stade (approximately 630-foot or 192-meter) race, which was won by a cook named Coroebus. This was the start of the first Olympiad, the four-year period by which the Greeks recorded their history. Generally, only freeborn men and boys could take part in the Olympic Games (servants and slaves were allowed to participate only in the horse races). Women were forbidden, on penalty of death, even to see the Games. In 396 B.C. , however, a woman from Rhodes successfully defied the death penalty. When her husband died, she continued the training of their son, a boxer. She attended the Games disguised as a man and was not recognized until she shouted with joy over her son's victory. Her life was spared because of the special circumstances and the fact that her father and brothers had been Olympians. -
Section Two ATHENS 2004 MISSION
2 IN the true spirit of the Games section two ATHENS 2004 MISSION he mission of Athens 2004 was broad in scope and precise in purpose. Combining ambition with clarity, the mission provided the Athens Organising Committee with succinct statements on an expansive foundation of goals. As a major theme of the 2004 Olympic Games had emphasised, all efforts of the Athens Organising Committee were made In the True Spirit of the Games. The Athens 2004 mission guided the management and execution of the 2004 Olympic Games. It gave purpose to the first global Olympic torch relay in history. It fostered a keen awareness of the impact of the 2004 Olympic Games on the athletes, the spectators, and the people around the world who would experience the return of the Games to the place of their ancient birth. The mission promised to uphold the Olympic ideals, to respect the culture and natural environment of Greece, and to showcase the nation’s past, present and future. It directed the Athens 2004 Olympic marketing agenda. And, finally, the mission encouraged an Olympic legacy that would benefit the Olympic Movement, the host country, and the world. 9 The Athens 2004 mission promised overall that the people of Greece would host unique Olympic Games on a human scale and inspire the world to celebrate the Olympic values. With breadth and focus, it promised to fulfill these nine goals: To organise technically excellent Olympic Games. To provide to the athletes, spectators, viewers and volunteers a unique Olympic experience, thus leaving behind a legacy for the Olympic Movement. -
A Brief History of Greek Helmets
Jesse Obert A Brief History of Greek Helmets Author: Jesse Obert Source: AncientPlanet Online Journal Vol. 2 (2012), 48 – 59 Published by: Ioannis Georgopoulos Available at: http://issuu.com/ancientplanet/docs/ancientplanet_vol.2 1 Jesse Obert A Brief History of Greek Helmets Warfare is a constantly changing aspect of human interaction. In Ancient Greece, an emphasis on camaraderie and communal reliance developed the concept of unit cohesion and specialization. Ultimately, Greece would become the birthplace of Western Military thought. The maturation of this mentality can be traced through the stylistic and technological progression of military helmets. Experimentations with helmet design illuminate the limitations and intricacies of warfare as it was developed in the ancient world. Though the development of any technology is nonlinear, studying the evolution of stylistic designs reveals how the unique style of combat in Greece changed war. The history of the Greek helmet began in the 17th century BCE, when the Mycenaean Empire controlled Greece. At the time, the Boar’s Tusk Helmet was popular throughout the region. This conically shaped helmet consisted of alternating levels of boars’ tusks in a style and design that may have originated in Western Europe (Snodgrass 19). The tusks were sewn into a felt or leather cap which served as the base of the helmet. In all reality, the boar’s tusks would have shattered after a single blow, but were an improvement over leather or even felt (Everson 10-11). Additionally, the laces holding the tusks in place would have been exposed and vulnerable, so leather strands were probably tied between the alternating tusks in order to protect the laces (Everson 7). -
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4Th Edition Chapter 11: the Passive
Vocabulary Worksheets Understanding and Using English Grammar, 4th Edition Chapter 11: The Passive Worksheet 1. Reading: The Ancient Olympic Games Read the article about the ancient Olympic Games. Then review the glossary and complete the exercises that follow it. 1 According to legend, the ancient Olympic Games were founded by Heracles, a son of Zeus 2 (a Greek god). The first real Olympic Games for which we have written records were held in 3 776 BCE. These original Olympic Games were held on the plains of Olympia in Greece. 4 At the first Olympic Games, there was only one event: a sprint race, called the stadion race. 5 The word stadium is derived from this foot race. The race was 192 meters (210 yards) in 6 length and was won by a baker from a neighboring area. This first Olympic champion was 7 awarded the equivalent of today’s gold medal: a wreath of olive branches, which was placed 8 on his head. The olive tree of ancient Greece was not an ordinary tree; it was considered 9 sacred, so to be for an athlete to be crowned with an olive wreath was a holy honor. 10 Over the years, more races and more events were added, including wrestling, boxing, and 11 equestrian events (events with horses and people, such as chariot races and horse races). 12 In addition to the olive wreaths, winners received palm branches and woolen ribbons as 13 prizes. Winners of the Games were honored throughout Greece and were hailed as heroes in 14 their hometowns. -
WARGAMER's NEWSLETTER NO 158 30P MAY 1975
WARGAMER'S NEWSLETTER NO 158 30p MAY 1975 A MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR THOSE WHO FIGHT BATTLES WITH MODEL SOLDIERS vij. .0.1. W.A 3el Xi .0.1. V/.A ...viisDsS .'leiliia £X .0-1.W.A i ..v='7! ansauO rfidX ti .O.l.W.A 1 tS I- ;« s'.tasueJ t>X .D.I.W.A .V . A i TAr; v:.;.. ,. i cl.0.1.W.A !j AX.O.i.W.A WkRGAMER'S" WSLETTEU;r 14 '•'O. f MIHIATURE FIGURINES LIMITED full 28/32 NORTHAM ROAD, SOUTHAMPTON CATALOGUE the best name in wargame figures offer even more (0703) 50p WESTEND FIGURES TO AN EXCITING PERIOD DESIGNED BY DAVE HIGGS (04218) 4651 AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE INFANTRY A.W.I. 1 American Continental Advancing (After 1780) A.W.I. 64 Queens Rangers Grenadier Marching A.W.I. 2 American Continental Officer (After 1780). A.W.I. 65 Queens Remgers Highlander A.W.I. 3 4th Massachusetts Regt. Advancing (1781) A.W.I. 66 Queens Rangers Officer A.W.I. 4 4th Massachusetts Regt. Officer (1781) A.W.I. 67 Butlers Rangers Iroquois Indian A.W.I. 5 Georgia Infantryman Advancing A.W.I. 68 Butlers Rangers, Ranger Loading A.W.I. 6 Georgia Infantry Officer ' A.W.I. 69 Butlers Rangers, Ranger Firing A.W.I. 7 Queens Ranger Infantryman Advancing A.W .1. 70 Butlers Rangers, Ranger Priming A.W.I. 8 Huron Indian A.W.I. 71 4th Massachusetts Regt. Drummer A.W.I. 9 Huron Scout A.W.I, 72 4th Massachusetts Regt. Infantryman Firing A.W.I. -
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner
From Symbol of Idealism to Money-Spinner By Karl Lennartz 1 The traditional flag ceremonial at the Opening of the XXII Olympic Winter Games. The banner was carried among others by the ice hockey legend Vyacheslav Fetisov (far left), the six times Olympic speed skating champion Lidiya Skoblikova and by the first woman in space, Valentina Tereshkova. Photo: picture-alliance It was one of the most significant articles Coubertin To back up his theory, he looked at the list of countries ever wrote. It appeared in the August 1913 volume of the in Coubertin’s article: Sweden (for 1912), Greece (1896), Revue Olympique, a publication he had edited since France (1900), Great Britain (1908) and America (1904). 1901 and introduced his great symbol for the Olympic There followed Germany (1916), Belgium (1920), and Movement. “L’emblème et le drapeau de 1914”2 un- finally Italy, Hungary, Spain, Brazil, Australia, Japan and veiled the five coloured rings as the Olympic emblem China. 4 and flag. He had designed them for the 20th anniversary Young’s hypothesis provokes questions, in particular of the Olympic Movement, which was to be solemnly why Coubertin did not use the correct chronological celebrated in Paris in 1914 order, i.e. Athens, Paris, St. Louis, London and Stock- Coubertin interpreted the five rings as the five parts holm? How did Coubertin know, at the time of the of the world: “les cinq parties du monde“.3 By this he publication of his article, where the 1920 Games would could only have meant the continents of Africa, America, take place, for after all at the time of the Olympic Congress Asia, Australia and Europe, for in 1912 in Stockholm, the of 1914 there were still two applicants, Budapest and participation of two Japanese competitors meant that Antwerp, and the Hungarian capital was considered to all five were represented for the first time. -
Ancient Macedonians
Ancient Macedonians This article is about the native inhabitants of the historical kingdom of Macedonia. For the modern ethnic Greek people from Macedonia, Greece, see Macedonians (Greeks). For other uses, see Ancient Macedonian (disambiguation) and Macedonian (disambiguation). From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia ANCIENT MACEDONIANS ΜΑΚΕΔΌΝΕΣ Stag Hunt Mosaic, 4th century BC Languages. Ancient Macedonian, then Attic Greek, and later Koine Greek Religion. ancient Greek religion The Macedonians (Greek: Μακεδόνες, Makedónes) were an ancient tribe that lived on the alluvial plain around the rivers Haliacmonand lower Axios in the northeastern part of mainland Greece. Essentially an ancient Greek people,[1] they gradually expanded from their homeland along the Haliacmon valley on the northern edge of the Greek world, absorbing or driving out neighbouring non-Greek tribes, primarily Thracian and Illyrian.[2][3] They spoke Ancient Macedonian, a language closely related to Ancient Greek, perhaps a dialect, although the prestige language of the region was at first Attic and then Koine Greek.[4] Their religious beliefs mirrored those of other Greeks, following the main deities of the Greek pantheon, although the Macedonians continued Archaic burial practices that had ceased in other parts of Greece after the 6th century BC. Aside from the monarchy, the core of Macedonian society was its nobility. Similar to the aristocracy of neighboring Thessaly, their wealth was largely built on herding horses and cattle. Although composed of various clans, the kingdom of Macedonia, established around the 8th century BC, is mostly associated with the Argead dynasty and the tribe named after it. The dynasty was allegedly founded by Perdiccas I, descendant of the legendary Temenus of Argos, while the region of Macedon perhaps derived its name from Makedon, a figure of Greek mythology. -
Glorius Muyuka Vu Nguyen Zachary Richardson Date
THE EVOLUTION OF MATERIALS IN ARMS AND ARMORS: ANTIQUITY ERA An Interactive Qualifying Project Report submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science By Glorius Muyuka Vu Nguyen Zachary Richardson Date: April 28, 2011 Submitted to: Professor Diana A. Lados Mr. Tom H. Thomsen Page 1 of 95 ABSTRACT This project was a study of the development of armors from 8th century BC to 4th century AD. The project was mainly focused on the evolution of armors in Europe, for which a wealth of information was present and the use of armors was extensive. To fulfill the breadth of the project, we also broaden our research to some large cultures in the regions of West Asia. The designs, metalworking techniques, materials, and improvements of armors were the emphasis of this project. Fabrication of a replica of an armor was also undertaken using only the technique allowed by the most simplest of tools in order to simulate the ancients‟ way of armor making. A database in the form of a website was created containing all the information relating to this project. Page 2 of 95 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We would like express special thanks to our advisors, Professor Diana A. Lados and Mr. Tom H. Thomsen, for their continuous and valuable critiques, advice, and support throughout this long-term project. We would also like to thank Mr. Fay Butler, who generously provided us with hours of instruction and plenty of equipment. Without his generosity and experience, making the real pieces of armor, which is one of our main objectives in this project, would not be possible. -
PDF Download Aristophanes: Frogs 1St Edition Kindle
ARISTOPHANES: FROGS 1ST EDITION PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Judith Affleck | 9780521172578 | | | | | Aristophanes: Frogs 1st edition PDF Book During the parabasis Aristophanes presents advice to give the rights of citizens back to people who had participated in the oligarchic revolution in BC, arguing they were misled by Phrynichus' 'tricks' literally 'wrestlings'. Dionysus and Greek Fantasies of Salvation. Though Euripides first blasts Alcibiades, Aeschylus responds with the advice to bring him back, bringing the subtle allusions to a clearly stated head and concluding Aristophanes' point. When he arrives at the shore, Dionysus meets up with Xanthias, who teases him by claiming to see the frightening monster Empusa. He highlights the play's unique portrayal of the figure of Dionysus, the Eleusinian mystery cult, and the question of life after death. Aristophanes is widely credited with having elevated the classical art of comedy to the level of legitimacy and recognition that only tragedy had hitherto achieved, and producing some of the most intriguing works of literature to survive from classical Greece in the process. We are very thorough and honest in reviewing and rating the items we sell. Aeschylus responds with the river Spercheios , Death, and two crashed chariots and two dead charioteers. Frightened, Dionysus trades clothes with Xanthias. This is the point of the first choral interlude parodos , sung by the eponymous chorus of frogs the only scene in which frogs feature in the play. Segal suggests that this deviation gave a tone of seriousness to the play. According to Kenneth Dover, the structure of The Frogs is as follows: In the first section Dionysus' has the goal of gaining admission to Pluto 's palace, and he does so by line A contest is held with Dionysus as judge. -
Olympics-Lapbook.Pdf
Olympics Lapbook Summer Events & Winter Events Directions: Cut books out. Fold on lines (matchbook style). Summer Sports Winter Sports lapbook or notebook. or lapbook notebook. or lapbook Glue this area to your your to area this Glue your to area this Glue There are lots of different Olympic events. Check out the different summer and win- ter events at this website. © Homeschool Share Summer Sports Directions: Cut books out. Fold on lines (matchbook style). Equestrian Events Gymnastics lapbook or notebook. or lapbook notebook. or lapbook Glue this area to your your to area this Glue your to area this Glue Use these matchbooks to record the various summer events. Use this website to help. © Homeschool Share Summer Sports Directions: Cut books out. Fold on lines (matchbook style). Water Events Athletics lapbook or notebook. or lapbook notebook. or lapbook Glue this area to your your to area this Glue your to area this Glue Use these matchbooks to record the various summer events. Use this website to help. © Homeschool Share Social Studies: Symbols and Traditions of the Olympic Games Motto – The Olympic motto is “Citius – Altius – Fortius” which is Latin for“ Faster, higher, stronger.” The meaning behind this motto is intended to focus on trying your best and not on winning first place. Olympic Emblem & Flag– The emblem consists of five interlocking rings (blue, yellow, black, green & red) on a white background. It was designed in 1913 by Baron Pierre de Coubertin (the founder of the modern Olympics). Each of the five rings represents one of the significant continents in the world, and each color was chosen as at least one of them appeared on the flag of each country in the world. -
A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis
The Project Gutenberg EBook of A Victor of Salamis by William Stearns Davis This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: A Victor of Salamis Author: William Stearns Davis Release Date: December 22, 2008 [Ebook 27587] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A VICTOR OF SALAMIS*** A VICTOR OF SALAMIS The MM Co. A VICTOR OF SALAMIS A TALE OF THE DAYS OF XERXES, LEONIDAS AND THEMISTOCLES BY WILLIAM STEARNS DAVIS AUTHOR OF “A FRIEND OF CÆSAR,”“GOD WILLS IT,” “BELSHAZZAR,” ETC. vi A Victor of Salamis “... On the Ægean shore a city stands, Built nobly, pure the air and light the soil, Athens, the eye of Greece.” vii New York THE MACMILLAN COMPANY LONDON: MACMILLAN & CO., LTD. 1907 All rights reserved COPYRIGHT, 1907, BY THE MACMILLAN COMPANY. Set up and electrotyped. Published April, 1907. ix Norwood Press J. S. Cushing & Co.—Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mass., U.S.A. AUTHOR’S NOTE The invasion of Greece by Xerxes, with its battles of Thermopylæ, Salamis, and Platæa, forms one of the most dramatic events in history. Had Athens and Sparta succumbed to this attack of Oriental superstition and despotism, the Parthenon, the Attic Theatre, the Dialogues of Plato, would have been almost as impossible as if Phidias, Sophocles, and the philosophers had never lived. Because this contest and its heroes—Leonidas and Themistocles—cast their abiding shadows across our world of to-day, I have attempted this piece of historical fiction. -
Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Fascicule 10
UNION ACADÉMIQUE INTERNATIONALE CORPUS UASORUM ANTIQUORUM THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM • MALIBU Athenian Red-Figure Column- and Volute-Kraters DESPOINA TSIAFAKIS THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM FASCICULE 10 • [U.S.A. FASCICULE 40] 2019 CORPUS UASORUM ANTIQUORUM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • FASCICULE 40 The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, Fascicule 10 UNION ACADÉMIQUE INTERNATIONALE CORPUS UASORUM ANTIQUORUM THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM • MALIBU Athenian Red-Figure Column- and Volute-Kraters DESPOINA TSIAFAKIS THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM FASCICULE 10 • [U.S.A. FASCICULE 40] 2019 The free online edition of this catalogue is available at http://www.getty.edu/publications The J. Paul Getty Museum’s prior CVA fascicules 1–9 are /cva10. Also available are free PDF, EPUB, and MOBI downloads of the book, CSU and available for free download in our Uirtual Library at JSON downloads of the object data, and JPG downloads of the catalogue images. www.getty.edu/publications/virtuallibrary. © 2019 J. Paul Getty Trust Also from Getty Publications: ✦ Ancient Lamps in the J. Paul Getty Museum Jean Bussière and Birgitta Lindros Wohl This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. ✦ Ancient Terracottas from South Italy and Sicily in the J. Paul Getty Museum Published by the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles Maria Lucia Ferruzza Getty Publications 1200 Getty Center Drive, Suite 500 ✦ Roman Mosaics in the J. Paul Getty Museum Los Angeles, California 90040-1682 Alexis Belis www.getty.edu/publications Greg Albers, Project Manager Rachel Barth, Project Editor Laura diZerega, Editorial and Digital Assistant Sharon Herson, Manuscript Editor Michelle Woo Deemer, Production David Saunders, Curatorial Liaison Toby Schreiber, Profile Drawings Distributed in the United States and Canada by the University of Chicago Press Distributed outside the United States and Canada by Yale University Press, London Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Corpus vasorum antiquorum.