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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01946-1 — The Politics of Heresy in Ambrose of Milan Michael Stuart Williams Index More Information Index of Modern Authors Barnes, Timothy D. 105, 117, 120, 227, 229, 232 Leemans, Johan 108 Barth, Fredrik 24 Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. 248 Bowes, Kim 188–190, 203 Brubaker, Rogers 41–42 Maier, Harry O. 191 Burrus, Virginia 220 Markschies, Christoph 187 McLynn, Neil 63, 66, 87, 89, 92, 99, 101, Carr, E. H. 25–26 104–105, 129, 147, 152, 170, 177, 184, 187, Cattaneo, Enrico 62 198, 200, 203, 216, 232, 234, 248, 288, 296, Chadwick, Henry 13 304 Courcelle, Pierre 290 Meslin, Michel 2, 13, 70–71, 105, 177, 231 Moreschini, Claudio 137 Dassmann, Ernst 291, 294 Douglas, Mary 37–38 Nautin, Pierre 116, 121 Duval, Yves-Marie 155, 194 Nirenberg, David 47 Eco, Umberto 310 Rebillard, Éric 28–30, 41 Edwards, Mark 54 Roueché, Charlotte 103 Gaddis, Michael 46 Sanders, E. P. 31 Gibbon, Edward 16 Sandwell, Bella 28–30 Gottlieb, Gunther 116 Seeck, Otto 227, 230 Graumann, Thomas 144 Shaw, Brent 41 Gregory, Timothy E. 26–28, 38 Sizgorich, Thomas 28, 93 Sotinel, Claire 152 Hanson, R. P. C. 76–77, 136 Humphries, Mark 59, 65 van Haeringen, J. H. 227 Van Nuffelen, Peter 108 Kaufman, Peter I. 64, 66–67, 68, 69–70, 105, 106, 107 Williams, Daniel H. 2, 13, 64–65, 66, 69, Kurtz, Lester R. 10 73, 91, 94, 105, 126, 139, 147, 152, 198, 288, 293 337 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01946-1 — The Politics of Heresy in Ambrose of Milan Michael Stuart Williams Index More Information General Index acclamations 275 Gratian; Palladius; Secundianus; Aëtius, bishop of Antioch 18–19, 122, 214 Valerian) Alexandria, Council of (362) 160 “Arianism” 2–3, 50–52, 114, 135, 144, 146, 149–150, “Altar of Victory controversy” 217–218, 225, 152–153, 162, 165–166, 167, 219, 243 263 (see also: “Homoianism”; rhetoric) Ambrose, bishop of Milan “Arians” 6–7, 48, 93, 115, 136, 137, 168, 170, as catechumen 102, 107, 124 174–175, 176, 214, 262, 266–267, 276 as governor of Aemilia-Liguria 13, 63, 65, in Aquileia 300, 305 105, 109 in Milan 172–173, 187, 243–250, 285, 292–293, election 1, 7–8, 60–67, 101–109, 111, 167 297–299, 305–306, 308 hymns 274–276, 295–296 (see also: Arius; “Homoians”; rhetoric) in Rome 117, 193, 223 Ariminum, Council of: see Rimini, Council of in Sirmium 117–121, 123, 179, 216 Arius, presbyter of Alexandria 50, 114, 115, 122, 135, letters 103, 174–175 136, 146, 149, 152, 154, 156, 158, 268 to his sister Marcellina 226–250, letter to Alexander of Alexandria 145–149, 162 289–295, 309 (see also: “Arianism”; “Arians”) to Gratian 124–127 asceticism 29 to Theodosius I 214 Athanasius, bishop of Alexandria 16, 51, 54–55, to Valentinian II 217–218, 226–239, 58–59, 114 261–269, 270–272, 310 response to the Council of Rimini (359) 78 relations with Magnus Maximus 215–216, (see also: Milan, Council of) 218–220, 242, 271, 302 Attalus, “Arian” presbyter 151, 176 sermons 4, 112, 130, 167, 310 Augustine, bishop of Hippo Works: De fide 9, 112–142, 148, 154, 165, as preacher 22, 28–29 167–168, 194, 201 Confessions 4, 31–32, 97 De officiis 172–173, 260 in Milan 298, 308–309 De spiritu sancto 125, 129, 195–197, 199–202, on catechumens 34–35 205–212 on Milanese martyrs 290, 293, 308 Sermo contra Auxentium 226–239, 252, 269, Auxentius, bishop of Milan 1, 7–8, 59–62, 272–281 122–123, 161, 306 (see also: Justina; Milan; Magnus Maximus; and the Council of Rimini 71, 81, 85, 98, 266 Paulinus, presbyter of Milan; and Hilary of Poitiers 79, 83–87, 91–92, 141, Valentinian I; Valentinian II) 146, 170–171, 180, 258, 310 Anemius, bishop of Sirmium 118, 144, 152 and Italy 62–63, 72 Aquileia, Council of (381) 9–10, 114–116, 142–156, as “Homoian” 87 166, 204, 257, 266 death 101 correspondence 115, 147, 149, 152, 154–155, 162, (see also: Damasus; Hilary of Poitiers; 176–186, 191–192, 193–195, 197, 310 Valentinian I) divergent opinions at 150, 152–154 Auxentius, bishop of Durostorum 122, 135 (see also: Anemius; Constantius, bishop of identified with Auxentius “Mercurinus” Orange; Eusebius, bishop of Bologna; 253–254 338 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01946-1 — The Politics of Heresy in Ambrose of Milan Michael Stuart Williams Index More Information General Index 339 Auxentius “Mercurinus”, “Scythian” bishop 12, creeds 171, 229, 239, 252–260, 264, 274, 277–281 as compromises 53–54, 75–79, 159 and the imperial court 254–255, 256, 266, ecumenical 48–49, 74–80, 88 277, 283 local 35–36, 49, 88, 168 as “Arian” 278–280 (see also: Nicaea, Council of; Rimini, Council as “Homoian” 285 of; Sirmium) (see also Auxentius, bishop of Durostorum) Cresconius, Milanese criminal 305 baptism 208–210 Damasus, bishop of Rome 96 and community membership 15, 33–34, 88, 245 and Ambrose 193 deferred 34 and Auxentius of Milan 72 rebaptism 255 and Ursinus 100, 181–182 “barbarians” 42–43, 131 as touchstone of orthodoxy 209, 270, 303 in Roman armies 221, 245, 305 response to the Council of Rimini 150 (see also: Auxentius “Mercurinus”, Goths; ‘dated creed’ (359): see Sirmium Julian Valens; Justina) demons Basil, bishop of Caesarea 17, 96–97, 105 as reliable witnesses 292 “Basilica Crisis”: see Milan Demophilus, bishop of Constantinople 122, 135 bishops Dionysius, bishop of Milan 59, 68 as religious professionals 14, 22, 39, 83 exile 108 awareness of doctrinal issues 53, 68, 114, 158 legacy in Milan 63, 64, 69, 89–90, 100 coalitions among 49, 53, 54–55, 152–154, doctrinal debate 163, 306 and ordinary Christians 14–23, 25, 30, 38–42, intolerance of local rivals 94, 95, 170–171, 180, 46–49, 67, 68, 87–88, 158, 166, 168–169, 191–193, 212, 223, 259 172–173, 246, 256–257, 284 “Blasphemy of Sirmium” (357): see Sirmium modern representations of 52–53, 61–74, 114, 172 Calligonus, chamberlain of Valentinian II 234 (see also: bishops; communities; identities) Carthage, Council of (401) 290 “Donatists” 128, 303 Castulus, “Arian” presbyter 243–244, 249, 256 catechumens 34–35, 36, 88, 307 Elvira, Council of 36 exclusion from mass 35–36, 49, 204 Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicus 17–20, 122, 135, (see also: Ambrose; Augustine; Valentinian II) 142 Chromatius, bishop of Aquileia 299–300, 303 “Eunomians” 14, 18–21, 115, 134, 188, 214, communities 308 303 and associations 31, 46 Eusebius, bishop of Bologna 148, 149 Christian 5–6, 30–38 Eusebius, bishop of Caesarea defining boundaries of 33, 41–43, 189–191, 309 Chronicle 1 doctrinal 8–9, 37, 55–56, 116, 169, 188 Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli 58–59, 75, 80, 88, religious 15–16, 31 103, 162 (see also: baptism; doctrinal debate; identities; rhetoric) Filastrius, bishop of Brescia 94–96 consensus 69, 88, 100, 108–110, 111–112, 286 Forum Cornelii (Imola) 174 Constantine I, emperor 203, 265, 306 “framing”: see rhetoric Constantinople 16–21, 69, 188, 208 Council of (360) 76, 134, 150, 251 Gaudentius, bishop of Brescia Council of (381) 51, 142, 270 Tractatus 21 (on Filastrius) 94–95 “Council of Sects” (383) 17–18 Germinius, bishop of Sirmium 122 (see also: Demophilus; Gregory, bishop of Altercatio Heracliani cum Germinio 73 Nazianzus) Gervasius and Protasius, Milanese martyrs Constantius, bishop of Claterna 174–175 288–297 (see also: Forum Cornelii) Goths 42–43, 120, 130, 172, 208 Constantius, bishop of Orange 150 as “Arians” 177, 245, 305 Constantius II, emperor 74, 184, 265, 267 presence in Milan 245, 247, 305 in Milan 58–59, 62 (see also: “barbarians”) © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01946-1 — The Politics of Heresy in Ambrose of Milan Michael Stuart Williams Index More Information 340 General Index Gratian, emperor 9, 11, 161, 165, 181–182, multiple 15, 23–25, 67 225 religious 5–6, 46–47 and “Altar of Victory controversy” 217 Illyricum 113–114, 115, 130, 131, 170, 174, and De fide 112–114, 116–129, 157, 160 177, 304 and Hadrianople 113, 119–120 Isaac “the Jew” 185 and the Council of Aquileia 142–144, 147, 154, 176 Jerome, presbyter and biblical scholar 1–3, baptism 117, 204 185, 192 death 198, 213, 215 Altercatio Luciferiani et Orthodoxo 159, 169 Epistola Gratiani 124–129, 195, 196, 200 Chronicle 1 in Milan 117, 125–127, 129, 195–213, Jews 28, 292 214–215, 297 anti-Semitism 304 religious legislation 127–128, 134 associated with pagans and heretics 185–186, (see also: Justina; Magnus Maximus; Milan; 194, 266–267, 278–280, 292, Valentinian I; Valentinian II) 300, 310 Gregory, bishop of Nazianzus 20–21, 134 in Aquileia 300 as bishop of Constantinople 209 in Milan 13, 185–186 Gregory, bishop of Nyssa 134 John Chrysostom 101 De deitate Filii et Spiritus Sancto 16–20, 134 as preacher 22, 28 groups: see communities; identities; rhetoric; Julian, emperor 80 schism Julian Valens, bishop of Poetovio 171 as “Homoian” 179 Hadrianople, battle 172 association with Ursinus 182–184 (see also: Gratian) “barbarian” associations 177 “heresy”: see rhetoric in Milan 176–181, 187, 192, 195, 197, 212, 256 (see also: Ambrose; “Arianism”; “Arians”; Justina, empress 123 “Eunomians”; “Homoians”; identity, as “Homoian” 204, 222, 301 Christian; “Photinians”) “barbarian” associations 247, 282 Hilary, bishop of Poitiers 16, 61, 67, 75, 157 in Milan 126, 197–200, 212, 243 Contra Auxentium 82–93, 310 relations with Ambrose 118, 216, 237, 254, in Milan 7, 82–85, 90, 141, 150, 161, 170, 288, 293 258–259, 263 response to the Council of Rimini 78–80, 92, legislation, religious 21 158 (see also: Gratian; Theodosius I; (see also: Auxentius, bishop of Milan; Eusebius, Valentinian II) bishop of Vercelli; Paris,
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  • Virginity Discourse and Ascetic Politics in the Writings of Ambrose of Milan

    Virginity Discourse and Ascetic Politics in the Writings of Ambrose of Milan

    Virginity Discourse and Ascetic Politics in the Writings of Ambrose of Milan by Ariel Bybee Laughton Department of Religion Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Dr. Elizabeth A. Clark, Supervisor ___________________________ Dr. Lucas Van Rompay ___________________________ Dr. J. Warren Smith ___________________________ Dr. J. Clare Woods ___________________________ Dr. Zlatko Pleše Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 ABSTRACT Virginity Discourse and Ascetic Politics in the Writings of Ambrose of Milan by Ariel Bybee Laughton Department of Religion Duke University Date:_______________________ Approved: ___________________________ Dr. Elizabeth A. Clark, Supervisor ___________________________ Dr. Lucas Van Rompay ___________________________ Dr. J. Warren Smith ___________________________ Dr. J. Clare Woods ___________________________ Dr. Zlatko Pleše An abstract of a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Religion in the Graduate School of Duke University 2010 Copyright by Ariel Bybee Laughton 2010 ABSTRACT Ambrose, bishop of Milan, was one of the most outspoken advocates of Christian female virginity in the fourth century C.E. This dissertation examines his writings on virginity in the interest of illuminating the historical and social contexts of his teachings. Considering Ambrose’s treatises on virginity as literary productions with social, political, and theological functions in Milanese society, I look at the various ways in which the bishop of Milan formulated ascetic discourse in response to the needs and expectations of his audience. Furthermore, I attend to the various discontinuities in Ambrose’s ascetic writings in the hope of illuminating what kinds of ideological work these texts were intended to perform by the bishop within Milanese society and beyond.