View of England;

A CONCISE VIEW OF ENGLAND;

DESCRIBl,-,G THE

SITUATION, PRODUCT, EXTENT, CHIEF RIVERS, BOUNDARIES, HUNDREDS, CIRCUMFERENCE, BOROU HGS, AND SOIL, PARISHES,

OF THE SEVERAL

Counties of ENGLAND and WALES:

TOGETHER WITH A DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE

OF THEIR MOST REMARKABLE Antiquities, Remains of Palaces, Monafieries, Cafiles, Houfes, Parks, Plantations, Scenes, and delightful Situations,

WORTHY A

T R A VEL L E R' s NOT ICE,

Pointing out the Curiofities both of ART and NATlJRE.

LON DON:

Printed for J. BE W, in PAT E R. - Nos T E R - Row. l\1DCCLXXV.

p R E F A c E.

HE R E are but few who travel that are fo converfant with the different pam T of this country, as to be able to pay that attention to the variety of fl:ruCtures which otherwife would excite their curioGty to viGr. To affill: them, therefore, the following !beets are laid before the Public, as it is in vain to expeCt that we !bonld always find an intelligent perron upon the fpot. 'Without the affill:ance, therefore, of fuch information as the following, the traveller is likely to be deprived of the great eft part of that plearure, or inftrufrion, which every inquifitive perfon hopes to re ceive.

This colleCtion of Seats and Views was originally made by a perron of too much eminence to be mentioned on fo night an occafion. His own extenfive ref'earches into the topography of this iiland, furnilhed him with many of the particulars, and fummer tours which he made fupplied him with many more; and to thef'e he was frequently adding from the information of fuch perf'ons) on whore talle and judg ment he could beft depend.

The eminent perfonage who made this catalogue was far from thinking but it might be improved and enlarged, therefore permitted tranfcripts to be take11 of it: in his life-time, not only for the gratification of many of his friends, but as the moil likely means of rendering it complete, by the affiftance of thofe who had local knowledge of the fevera1 counties, and whofe 1eifure would enable them to make far ther remarks, or expunge what they might think improper; as the compiler ex peCted, fome places worthy of regard had been omitted, and fame inferted hardly worth a traveller's notice.

Thofe places difl:inguilhed by a i/.' have had Views taken of them, and may be [em in Buck's Antiquities, fold by R. Sayer, Fleet-fireet. V lEW

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SOUTHBRI~~IN.~·E-NG~A~DandWALES,

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, annexed,to ,,11 the i ( ~ / / ------l J \// '/ 7 ~. \~_( )lit{~J,( 1;)(JI'fJll;I/1 ,~~)Itt///(/,.' /;11('/1. III~(/r./It~i;YI"111 .J\I,i ("'--;:: f , \. \~ -::;~Being; the firft Set of Counties. evpr Publiilled on tlns Plan, ",Y'" . ~? - ~ ~ ------Ill I1

' ~ -~~"';~.>.~. ( 17'U!J' . - ' 1./"II::S 1,-;",. ~/.".IIi ...... -" t: '/J)tl "("J ~ ~ (. . ' ~- "''):7"", - /",'!" ------"\ ...... ;//r.: LON D 0 ~ /' "'/'/''-'; ~ ~""X'')' -~J...(.rjll ~ ~ /,~I/'/."·Ii-';/I~·'f()·'/;(;!;""·/I:/('//;', Y ------jJf;/"., p., I o 10 30 4D 60 (> .:e -4. ~ A CONCISE

v I E \V of ENG LAN D.

HE Ifland. of Great-Britain is the Iargdl in [urope, and OIle of the moll: populom, rich, and fruitful. It includes England and Scotland, which were united in 1707 ; only Ttbe latter referved their peculiar laws. The ifiand is of a triangular form, the Lands-end, the: Dover-head, and Caithnefs, ihooting out into fo many promontories, and forming the three corners. Th. (ea, its boundary, has feveral names adapted:to the feveral coafts; on the north, it is called the Northern Sea; on the eaft, the German Ocean; on the fouth, the Britiih Chan nel; aI}d on ~he weft~ the Iriih Sea, or St. George's Channel. Its latitude at the Lizard Point in Cornwall". according to geographers, in the fiftieth degree north, and at the Headland at Caithnefs, OI':i!lvurjgfbyhead, in Scotland, in the fifty-eighth degree thirty minutes; fo that the h:ngth of t~ ifia~d, meafure.d in a ftraight line, without attending to the hills and windi;'p> of the road.is five hundreth and eighty-feven miles; and the longitude, placing the firft rner~ dian at TJllfe; is nine degrees forty-five minutes, at the Lands-end; in Cornwall; and at the South eland, in Ke~t? fevel~teen gegrees. fifteen tninutes; in all f~ven degrees thirty mi nutes: th~ aral!e1 there glV1l1g thlrty-elg~t mIles to a degree of longItude, the true difianc~ from eall:"to weft, in a ftraight line, is two hundred and eighty-five miles. . . The fea; which furrqunds it, is not only a fecurity againfi an enemy, but againft the violent cold to which the climate would otherwife be expofed; even to fuch a den-ree, that in! fome parts of France and Italy more fevere weather is felt in winter than in Ellgl~lld. The cl.iinate is indeed infinitely preferable to that of any part of the continent near the fame htitude, the fumt'ners being neither fo' hot, nor the winters fo cold. The harbours ill Holland, Ger~ and Denmark,. are blocked up with ice, while ours in the fame latitudes are open. , The ail' is generally very' good and wholefome, except in the hundreds of EJTex and Kent, the fens in Lincolnihire and Cambridgeihire, and fome other low marfhes near the fea. Though the winters are rainy and fubjeCl: to thick fogs, an4 the weather to great variations, there, how ever difagreeable, do not impair the health of th'e, inhabitants who are accu!l:omed to them; f?r they generally live as long as thofe of any ?ther co'untries. Though the frequent rains fome times damage the hay and com, yet even wle have -theIr aJvantages, as they gencrally occafion our having good pafiures throughout the year. ' . The foil, indeed, in a great meafure owes its fertility to the mild vapours from the fea, which~ by mollifying the air, nourifh the vegerable world, and furniih us with gentle fhowers in their proper feafon. W c have, indeed, as well as other countries, ftorms of thunder, lightning, and tempefl:s; but they are lefs fre'quent and much lefs violent than in hotter climates. That part of Great-Britain which lies towards the Wefiern Ocean is mountainous; but the inner parts are generally a plain champaign country, intermixed with hills of eafy alCent and gentle acclivities. The moll: remarkable mountain, or rather chain of mountains, is a conti nual ridge which extends from north to fouth, dividing as it were the whole illand into the call and weft: parts, and is by writers called the Engliili Appennines. The fouthern and eafiern parts of the country cb.iefly confifl of little fruitful hills and vallies, champaign fields, inclofed grounds of arable, p.afiure, and m.ead?w lands, agreeably ihter!ni:,ed,with v.:oods~ fore1!s, parks, and chaces. The.hlgheft: mountall1s 111 England are the Wrekll1 111 Shropihlre, tne Plmlimmon and Snowden ill Wales, the Cheviot-hills on the borders of Scotland, thofe of the Peak in Derbyihire, the Pendl~, &c. in Lanca!hire. the Wolds in Yorkfhire, Cot(wold in Gloucefier_ ihire, the Chiltern in Bucks, Malvern in Worcefierfhire, and fome of the mountains ill Cum berland and We!l:moreland. This great ifiand is furroundcd by many fmaller ones, as the lfie of 'Vight, the lfie of Man. the clufl-er of ifiands called the Calliterides; or Scilly ifiands, of Cornwall; the arcades the Shetland ifiands, and Ebrides ifiands, in Scotland. ' England has on all fides very convenient harbours, and abundance of navio-able rivers' the mofi confidcrable of thefe are the Thames, the Severn, and the Trent. 0 , The country is for the moft part level, and uncommonly fertile. One favourable year for corn is fufficient to fupply three) ears of fcarcity to the inhabitants; and even at fuch times when the fea- B fun~ A CON CIS E V lEW of ENG LAN D. fons prove unfavourable, there is generally, a fu~ciency; for after immoderate rains the corn fown on the hills produces great abundance, and In a time of the greateft drought the low and fenny..parts produce moft plentiful crops. " The country likewife abound,s in efculent vegetables and frUIts, both of which are ,excellent. Our kitchen-gardens abound with colly-.Ilowers, artlc.hokes, afparagus, lettuces of va~lOus forts, cabbages, peas and beans of different klllds, broccolt, kid~ey-be~ns, cucumbers, fplllage, an~ pot-herbs of all forts; mufhrooms, carrots, potatoes, tunllps, 011l0ns, beets, &c: ' Kent is famous for its orchards of cherries and apples; but none of the countIes afford f!fch plenty of apples for cyder as Herefordihire and Devonfhire. Befides apples, pears, .and chernes, we have a great v,ariety of ex.cellent fruit, fuch as qu~nces, peac~es, apricots, ,neCla~llles,'plumbs, grapes, ftrawbernes, ralbernes, currants, goofebernes, barberrIes, cranbernes, bllberrtcs, wal llUtS, hazle-nuts, &c. Great quantities of cyder and perry are made f.rom the a~ples and pears C?f England. Among its products a~e excellent faffren l fald to be f~penor to any lfi the world; lI quorice, woad, and o-reat plantatIOns of hops; but It produces little flax and hemp. This country was formerly plentifully provided with timber, and partic'llarly with large oaks fit for fhip-building; but, for wOlnt of planting in time, we are obliged to be fupplied with great quantities from abroad. The timber growing in this ilIand, be fides oak, are afh, elm, and beech; we ha\'e alfo poplar, maple, walnut-tree, (ycamore, hornbeam, arbeles, hazle, wil lo-,\', f.tllow, and other fl1ecics of wood not diil:ingudlled with the name of timber, but orna- mmtal and exceedingly ufcful. • The palturcs of England are excellent, and Ct:r.r,quent~y the grazing of this country very cc nfiderable. Here are bred excellent horned cattle; the oxen are the largeft and beft that are any whel e to be met with, and the fmaller fort, brd in VI ales and the north, are good for pre fent uk. The breeding of fheep is a very principal article; it is computed that there are no lefs than twel\'e millions of Ileeces {horn annually; and that the fine Englilh wool, next to that of Spain and Portugal, is the beft in the known world; which, with the working of it, amounts to Ileal' one-fifth of the revenues of the whole country. Our fheep are indeed valued both for their fleeces and their Ilcfh; thofe of Lincolnfhire are remarkably large; but the Ilcfh of the' fmall down mutton i, no lefs admired. The horfes for the chace and faddle are very beautiful, and generally about fifteen hands hio-h fwift, and extremely well proportioned. Tho[e of our cavalry are remarkable for their fi~e' itrength, and (pirit; and thoL for draught, either for coaches or wlEgons, can fcarcely b~ parallc:led. - This kin~dom alfo produces alfes, and fome mules, but moft of thefe laft arc greatly inferior to thofe of Spal/l and Portugal; here are alfo goats, red and fallow deer, hares, rabbits, dogs foxes, fquirrels, ferrets, otters, badgers, weazels, cats, pole-cats, moles, rats, mice, &c. ' Our tame-fowl are fwans, ge~fe, turkies, peacocks, c"mmon poultry, and tame pi'J'eOl1s The wild arc woodcocks., phea(ants, partrid:.i':s, plover, wigeon, teal, w:ld-gcefe, wild-ducks: bu/hrds, fn'l)~), ',voo~-plgeon.s, gf

10 m

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.a,tiJdIt .1"WuQM;W. I I f1 f 6' BBDFORDSftlRK

EDFORDSHIRE is bounded on the N. by Northamptonfhire and Huntingdonfhirf'; Bon the E. by Cambridgefhire, on the W. by Buckinghamfhire, and on the S. by Hert fordfhire. It is of an oval form, about 24 miles long, t6 miles broad, and nearly 73 miles in circumference, and the center of it dill:ant about 43 miles N. W~' of London. The principal river of this county is the Oufe 01' Ife, which enters it on the W. and leaves it on the E. It i 5 navigable all the way, and divides the county into two parts, of which the fouth is mof!: con ftderable. In its courfe it is joined by the Ive!, a fmall f!:ream, which runs through part of the county from N. to S. The navigation of the Oufe, which is continued from King's Lynn, in Norfolk, to Bedford, is of the utmoll: importance to the county, as all kinds of heavy goods, particularly coals, are brought to Bedford and the neighbouring places, at a very finall ex pence : but the navigation is very incomplete, and confequently often tedious; it might, however, be eafily improved, a.nd extended to Newport-Pagne!, in Buckinghamfhire. The air is pure and he~lthy, and the foil is generally of a deep clay. On the N. of the Oufe it is woody and fruitful; on the S. it is lefs fertile, though not barren. It produces wheat and barley in great abundance, and of an excellent kind: woad, a plant ufed by dyers, is alfo cultivated here; and the foil affords plenty of fullers-earth. This county contains 260,000 acres, 67,350 inhabitants; nine hundreds, and lies in the diocefe of Lincolnj fends tour members to parliamentt has ten tnarket- towns, and 116 parifhes.

Antiquities.

*' BeOford Priory, near the Oufe, founded 1020; *' Wardon Mon~ll:ery •. "V. of Bigglefwadc, 1136. '* Chickfand Priory, "V. of SheWard, 1101. *' Dunfiable Priory, S. VV. of Luton, ll05' * Hare Nunnery, near the Oufe, "V. of Chillington, 1I50. Woburn Abbey, S. "V. of Ampthill by Flitcroft, Il45.

Holtft!, Parks, and Plantations. Ampthill Park and Church, S. of Bedford. W refl:, E. S. E. of Ampthill. Hawnes, N. W. of Shefford. Tuddington, N. of Dunll:able. Luton-Hoo and its Chapel; near Dunftable, two mil~s from Luton towri;

It '2 13 E R K S H IRE. B E R K S H IRE.

ERKSHIRE is bounded by Hampihire on the S. by Wiltihirc and Glouceftcrfhire on B the VI. by the Thames which divides it from Buckinghamihirc and Oxfordlhire on the N. and on the E. by Surry. It is about 39 miles in length, 29 in breadth, 120 in circum ference, and contains 52 j;OOO acres. It is divided into 20 hundreds, and contains 12 market towns, 140 pariihes, 60 vicarages, 671 villages, and about 85,000 inhabitants. It lies in the province of Canterbury, and diocefe of Salilbury, ~.nd is in the Oxford circuit. It fends nine members to parliament; two f,)r the county, two burge/T~s for \Vindfor, two fur Read ing, two for Wallingford, and one for Abingdon. The principal rivers in this county are the Thames, the Kennet, the Loddon, the Ockc, and the Lambourne; but the Thames and Kennet are only navigable. The air of the county is healthy, even in the vallies ; and though the foil is not remarkable for its fertility, yet the appearance is very pleafant, being delightfully varied with hills and vallies, woods and water, which are feen at once in almoft every profpeCl:. Many parts of the county are covered with fine timber, particularly oak and beech, and fome parts of it produce great plenty of wheat and barley. It is moft fruitful on th~ banks of the Thames and the Kennet, and in the parts about Lambourne, particularly in the Vale of White-horfe ; on the eaft, where it borders on Surry, it is rather barren, being covered with woods and fa. lefts. Its principal trade is in malt.

Antiquities• .. Windfor Came; and ·St. George's Chapel. • Donnington CaHle, N. of Newbury. Abington Abb~y, near th~ Thames, and St. Helen's Church. Wallll1gford caftle, on the Thames. Aldworth Churc-h~ E. or-Eaft Ililc:y. Cherbury Caftle, two miles from Denchworth.

Scenes and Situations. Cooper's Hill, near Old Windeor, and Eaglefield Green. St. Leonard's Hill, near Windeor. Cranbourn Lodge, in the foreft, S. W. of Windfor. Way from Reading to Wallingford.

Haufes, Parks, and Plantations. The Great Park and Lodge at Windfor. Beaumont Lodge, near Old Windeor, on the fide of Coopcrs Hill. Hurley near the Thames, N. E. of Reading, and W. of Maidenhead. Buckland, by \Vood. Colelhill, by Inigo Jones. Park-Place, nea~ Henley, one mile. Ba/Telden, fix miles from Reading. Hampftcd-Marlhal, near Newburv A~dam Park, near Eaft IlJIey. • • Ridley, near Abingdon.

B U eK. BClllarka . .IlrOtlUlrJ ,;, flu Cmnk Tonnr. __ ..ZJI'IMh J'lJ1htleAfikJ. jf t"rp1ItI!t Ton",;, nfifIr N JJT.• ~ n/.MLfiikrJ "'9d'mJID.PlUl.' " T:rStnn' . - -' ------__ 4 6 {J ... . .M;"id r"",.w. ______" o • 1'illo/lu Ire . ______1 . Cnd[bJ. ______Q .Park.f. ______.HJJ .flu .Fit!rv.u ID tIu :ronnw _ W,., ikV- di4htnu j1vmr-_ .I01.t7cn. ______

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JV I L .J.V 0 .R

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.E 1) FOR .ZJ B U C KIN G HAM S H IRE.

UCKINGHAMSHIRE is bounded by the Thames, which divides it from Berklhirc, on the S. B by Oxfordlhire on the W. by Northampton1hire on the N. and by the counties of Bdford, Hertford, and 'Middlefex, on the E. It is about 39 miles long from N. to S. 18 miles broad from E. to "V. and 138 miles in circumference, containing an area of 5.,.8 fquare miles, or 441,000 acres. It is divided into 8 hundreds, containing 15 market-towns, 1('5 parilhes, 15 parko, and 18,390 houfes. It lies in the diocefe of Lincoln and province of Canterbury, and fClld~ I+ members to parliament. The S. E. part of this county lies high, confi£ling of a ridge of hills called the Chiltern, probably from Cylt, or Chilt, a Saxon name for chalk. The N. part is di£linguilhed by the name of the Vale. The air on the Chiltern hills is extremely healthy, and even in the Vale it is better than in the low grounds of other counties. The foil of the Chiltern is £lony, though it produces good crops of wheat and barley. In many places it is covered with thick woods, among which there are £lill great quantities of beech. In the Vale, which is ex tremely fertile, the foil is marie or chalk; fome parts of it are converted into tillage, but more is ufed for grazing. The gentlemen who have efl:ates in this county, find grazing fo lucrative, that they generally keep their e£lates in their own hands; and the lands that are let, fetch more rent than any other in the kingdom. One fingle meadow, called Beryfield, in the manor of ~arendon, near Aylefbury, was let many years ago for 8001. per ann. and h~s finee let for mueh more.

Antiquiti~s. Eaton-College, on the Thames, oppolite Windfor. * Burnham Priory, N. W. of the la£l, founded 1266. Cheyneis Church, near the Colne, E. N. E. of Amerlham. * Nutley-Abbey, near the Tame, W. of Aylefbury, 1162. Oulney Church, on the Oufe, N. of N ewpo.rt-Pagnel. Stewkeley Church, S. of Leighton Burrard •.

Sanes and Situations. Taplow, on the Thames, N. E. of Maidenhead. Mr. O'Brien's Root-houfe, and Bapfey Point. Great-Marlow, the Rare Field, on the Thames. Cawley wood, view from the hill, near Alhordge and Tring. Harleyford, near Marlow. Prince Rifborough, view from a: hilI nt'ar it, S. 'V. of \Vendover. Way from Hadlor to Great-Marlow.

Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Langley-Park, near Colnbroke. Stoke Pogeis, N. N. E. of Slough. Cliefden, on the Thames, N. of Taplow, by Archer. Hallbarn, near Beacomfield, by Milnar. Wefl:-Wickham, near High-Wickham. Shardelois, near Amerlham. Alhridge, S. E. of Ivingho and Church. Stow, N. of Buckingham. Hedfor,near the Thames, N. W. of Cliefden..

C A M~ C A 1\1 B RID G E S H IRE.

A\TB? TDCf.SEIRE is bounded on the W. by Huntingdonfllire and Bcdfordfhire; on the C S. l'> Hertforulhire .1IL'· Elfex; on the N. by Lincolnlhire; and on the E. by Norfolk and Suffolk. It extends about ,p miles in length from N. to 5.25 mil.:s in breadth from E. to W. and 13) miles in circumference, containing near 570,000 acres. Is divided into 17 hundreds, in which are one city, 9 market-towns, 163 parilhes, and about 17,4°0 houfes. It lies in the province of Canterbury, and diocefe of Ely, except a fmall part, which is in the diocefe of Norwich. A con ... liderablc tratt of land in this county is diftinguifhed by. the name of the We of Ely. It confilb of fenny ground, divided by innumerable channels and drains, and is part of a very fpacious level 1 containing 300,oco acres of land, extending into Norfolk, Suffolk, Huntingdonlhire, and Lin colnlhire. The IDe of Ely is the north divifion of the county, and extends fouth almoft as far as Cambridge. The whole level, of which this is part, is bounded on one fide by the fea, and on the others by uplands, which, taken together, form a rude kind of femicircle, refembling a horfe fhoe. In the IDe of Ely the air is damp, foul, and unwhole[ome; but in the S. E. parts of the county it is more pure and falubrious. The foil is alfo very different; in the Iilc of Ely it is fenny and very fpungy, yet affords excellent pafture. In the uplands to the S. E. the foil produces greatPJentyof bread-corn, and barley. The barren and dry.parts have been greatly improved by fowing faint-foin, or holy-grafs, fa called from its having firfi been brought into Europe from PaJlfiine. Antiquities .

.. Cambridge U nivedity, Caftie, King's Chapel, Trinity-College, Qyeen's, Jefu5 1 St. John's, Chrif!:'s, &c. Great Sr. Mary's, and Round Church, Pythagoras'~ Schools, near Cambridge. '" Denny Abbey, N. of Cambridge, near.Waterbeach, founded 1I60. Barnwell Abbey, N. E. of Cambridge. '" Ely Minfl:er and Trinity Church, at Ely in the Iile. " Thomey Abbey, in the fens, N. E. of Peterborough, 972 • Whittlefea Church, E. of Peterborough. * CamDs ~aftJe, S. E. of Cambridge, 1106.

HouJes, ParKs, and Plantatigns. Maddingley, W. N. W·. of Cambridge by Brown, Horfeheath, N. E. of Linton. \yimple, N. W. of Cambridge. Catledge, or Kirtling, S. E. of Newmarket. Chevely, E. S. E. of Newmarket. Chippenham, N. of Newmarket. Gogmagog Hills, E. of Cambridge. .., i /0 ~ 4 6'

~ 0 .Z;

Re=arks. Ily iud'tv. ______Condn'id!le iJ a l7iu~i& tk .cMlI'!" r01V11 If de7u:l.J 4.1£'?n.,.IlDParJUlI1lellr. _ X_~ 'I'mvnd. ______

•I r..~·~.·.

FOR C H E S H IRE.

HESHIRE i~ feparated on the N. from Lancafhire ~y the river Merfey, but at the N. E. point C it borders on Yorkfhire; on the E. it is bounded by DerbYfhire ; on the S. E. by Staffordfhire; 011 the S. by Shrop1hire; on the W. by Denbighfhire and flintlhire, from which it is feparated by the Dce; and on the N. W. it is wa1hcd by the Iri1h Sea, into which pmjeCl:s a peninfula about 16 miles long, and 7 broad, formed by the mouth of the Merfey and the Dee. The whole county ex'tt:nds 50 miles lung, and 33 brold, is 182 miles in circumference, and contains 720,000 acres; is divided into 7 hundreds, in which are 1.1 market-towns, 20 vicarages, 86 parifhes, and 670 villages. It lies in the diocefe ofCheHer, and fends only four members to parliament, two for the county, and two for the city ofChdl:er. This, as well as Lanca1hire, is a county palatine, has a ddl:inCl: govern ment, which is adminiltered by a chamberlain, a fpecial judge, called chief-juil:ice of Chdl:er, a. puifne judge, &c. The air is temperately cold and very healthy, for the generality of the inhabi tants live to a good old age. It is very rich in pail:ure and corn land; but there are !l:"eral heaths upon which horfes and fheep are fed. The county is generally level, and the extenfive pail:ures with which it abounds, feed a great number of cows, whofe milk is peculiarly rich, and of which is made the excellent cheefe well known by the name of Chdhire-cheefe; and fuch quantities are made of it, that London alone is faid to take annually 14,000 tons: vail: quantities are alfo fent to Briltol, York, Scotland, Ireland, &c. However, a confiderable quantity of what com monly gCles by the name of Che1hire-cheefe is made in Shrop1hire, Stafford1hire, and Lancafhirc. This county alfo produces excellent faIt, milI-il:ones little inferior to thofe of France, fowl, fiIh, and metals. By the late inland navigation, it has communication with the rivers MerCey, Dee, Ribble, OuCe, Trent, Derwent, Severn, Humber, Thames, Avon, &c. which na\'igation, including its windings, extends above 500 miles, in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, Lancail:er, York:> Stafford, vVarwick, Leiceil:er, Oxford, Worcei1er, &c.

Alltiquities. • Cheil:er Ca{l:Je anc Cathedral. '* Fordfham Ca{l:Je, N. E. of Fordfham. * Halton Caftle, N. E. of Fordfham. l\< Norton Priory, 1210. * Beeil:on Came, S. E. of Cheil:er. * Combermere Abbey, S. of NamptlVich, 1I34. '* Birkenhead Priory, near the Mer{ey. Af,"1bury Church, S. E. of Congleton. Stockport Church, on the MerCey. Sandbatk Church and Croifes, N. E. of N Jmntwich on the VV cncr. Malpas Church, N. W. of \Nhitchurch. . , ... lnce Ruins, near Cheil:er.

Scenes m:d Situations. Dehmcre Forell:, views from it, ;\. E. ofCheil:er. (;oit V"le and Dil1ey Hill, in th2 ro;:d from Buxton. Mancheiter, S. E. of Stockport.

Houfes, Plantations, Parks. E~ton Hall, on the \VC,\I'CT, S. of Northwich. Dunham l\Ialfey, S. \V. of Albrincham. Creeve Hall. Lvme Park. Tablel", 1'\. E. of Northwich, W. of Knutsford. Vale-Royal, S. of Northwich.

COR N~ COR N W ALL.

ORNW ALL forms the wefiern extremity of England, being bounded on the S. the C;~ E. and the N. by the fea; and by the river Tamar, which feparates it from Devon~ f1l1re, on the \V. It is about '78 miles in length from E. to \V. Its greatefl breadth, viz. from the northern point of l\1orwinfl:ow to Ramhead, is 4~ miles and ;! quart~r. But from hence the bnd continuJlly grows narrower towards the W. fo that ncar tht: wdtern extremity it is only 5 miles bro~d, from Mount's B~y on the S. to St. Ives' Bay on the N .. It is divided into 9' hundreds, III whIch are 27 parliament boroughs, 27 market-towns, 89 vIcarages, 16r parilh_ c.:hurches, exclufive of chapels of cafe, and between 12 and 13°° villages. According to the mofl: accurate computation, it is 230 miles in circumference, and contains 960,000 acres. But accordi,ng to a furvey made in the reign of Edward, I. it containcd at that time J ,500,000 acres; a fuf!1clcnt proof that larg;:! traas of this count~' havc been fwallowed up by the fea. Perhaps the Ifi;lI1ds of Scilly were once joined to the wcftern extremity of Cornwall, though fince feparated from it by the fea. The rains in Cornwall are rather frequellt than he::vy and cxceffive; and there arc few days fo thoroughly wet as to afford no intermiffion, nor (0 cloudy as to afford no intervals of funfhine. Storms are more violent in Cornwall than in the inland parts of England. The air is very healthy, not charged with the putrid exhalations of bogs, m:Jdhe~, or fiagnated WJters (urrounded by thick woods. Calms are rardy known to continue longer than one day; fo that tr.e air i3 always in motion, al1llmifis (eldom !alt long. The winters are n,ilder here than in any other part of England; (0 that myrtl::s will fIourifh without the ailiftance of a green-houfe~ jf {heltered from the {ea-winds. Showers of large hail hardly evcr happen in Curnwall, and (now fcldom lies more than two or three days upon th:: ground; and as the winters are milder, (0 the fpring {hews it(elf in the buds and b!olToms fooner than in other parts, though perhaps its pro grcfs is not fo rapid as elfewhere. But the (ummers are not hotter here than in the more inland counties, OWil12: partly to the fea breezes which keep the air cool, and partly to the refleaion of the fun-beams being lefs from the water than from the land. Hence it happens, that the harveft )11 Cornwall, though the moll: fouthern county in EIl;i:Jnrl, is later, and the fruits have 1e(s fla vour, than in the midland counties. In {hart, the (ealons in Cornwall refcmbJe the neap-tides; they neither ebb nor flow with any great energy; the heat of the atmofphere neither rctires fo far in the winter, nor advances to that height in {ummel', as in the inland parts, the fea-breezes €qually affuaging the heats of fummer, and moderating the winter cold.

Antiquities. '* LaunceP,on, or Dun,heved Cafl:ie, near the Tamar, and the Churchyard, lOiO. * Tintacrc:ll CallIe, on tht: north eoafi, ,\V. of Bo(s Cafl:ie, near Boiliney. '* St. G;rmain's Priory, or Port Elliot, on the Lever, W. of Saltafh, 937. * Trematon Caftie, near the lafl, in view of Plymouth. St. Neot's Church, N. of Lefkard . .. Fowcy Cafl:ie, S. of Lellwithiel, near the coait . .. Reitormel, or Lefl:ornwl Came, and ''k Leftwithiel Palace, on the Fowey, K. of the lait, IC2C. '* St. l\hwes' Cafl:ie, E. of Falmouth Haven, 1536. +. Pcndennis Caftle, W. of the fame place, 1548. * Pengerfick Caftle, on the coaft, N. W. of Helfton. *' St, Michael's Mount, in Mount's Bay, S. of Market-Jew, 108e. '* Boiliney Cafl:le, 5 mile, from Camelford. . Treryn CailIe, where is the (amous Logan Stone, near PhIllack. Sanes and Situations. Madern Hills, betwcen St. I ve~ alld the Land's End. Godolphin Hills, 4 miles from Markct-Jcw. Houfes, Plantations, Parks. Boconnock, E. of Lell:withiel, 5 miles from Leikar J. Tre(ufis, S. W. of Falmouth. Anthony, near Mount-Edgecomb. GodoJphin, 4 miles from Market-Jew. C {j M.. . ~ 'V \> .. ~ (j

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tJMBERLAND, 7S miles long, 27 broad, and 168 round, contains 1."'-1-0,co') acres, and 13 C bounded on the N. by Scotland and part of Northumberland; on the 'V. by the Infh Sea; on the S. by Lancaihire; ;;"d on the E. by \VdhllorelanJ, J)'Hham, and Northumberland. It contains 14,820 houfes, RH,no inhabitants, 1 city, q. market-towns, S8 parifhes, and fends 6" members to parliament. The air is fharp and cold, and the land for the moft part hilly. It yields plenty of hfh, flefh, and fowls, with abundance of Iarbe Calmons. The principal mountain is the Skiddow, which is very high, from whence run a ridge of mountains called the Fells, to the moft northern part of the country; it is watered by fcveral rivers, bel/des lakes, and meers. The moun tains feed large flocks of fheep, whofe flefh is particularly fweet and good; and the vallies produce corn, &c. This county is generally admired for the pleafant profpects it affords; but there would be more beautiful, could trees be brou~bt to thrive here better than they generally do. The principal commodities prcduced by this ~ounty are coal, lead, copper, lapis calaminaris, black-lead, a mineral almoft peculiar to this county, which contains more than is fufficient to fupply all Europe; wild-fowl, {;llmon, pearls, &c. The laft are found in mufcles at the mouth of a brook called the In, which difcharges itfelf into the fea a little to the north of Ravinglafs. Thjs county abounds with rivers and lakes, called hy the inhabitants meers; of the former the Eden takes it, rife from Diles Water, and, after a courfe of about 30 miles to the northward, turns to the weft, and falls into Solway Frith. This river is remarKable for a fmall delicious fifh called char. The Derwent runs through the middle of the county, and difchargcs it{elf into the Irifh Sea. This river abounds with falmon. Antiquities. ~ Penrith, or Perith Came, near the Eimot, 19 miles from Carli/Ie. i' Dacre Cafl:le, on the Dacre, S. S. W. of Penrith, 1071. * Kirkofwald Cafl:Ie, near the Eden, N. N. E. of Penrith. 'k Carlille Cafl:Ie and Cathedral, near the Eden, 680 . .,.. Rofe Cafl:Ie, S. of Carlifle, near the Caude, 6 miles. '* Highgate Caftle, S. E. of the bfl:. '" Naworth Cafl:le, near the Irthing, N. E. of Carlille, 12 miles by the military road. " Lancrooft Priory, near the Pi as ';V all, 1 mile from i" aworth, II69' ,. ScaJcby Came, N. N. E. of Carli lie, heyond the 'Vall. -I; Holm-Cultram Abbey, on the 'Ve-aver, near the coaft, IISO. " Cockermouth Cafile, on the Cocker and Derwent, 12 miles from Kefwick, JOi4, ... St. 13((\ Priory, S. of Whitehaven, on the coaft, II. '* Egremont Caftle, S. E. of the bft, on 13ro:.1d River, 5 miles fro111 \Vhite .. haven, 1070. '* Calder Abbey, S. E. of the laft, IIJt . .. Milhum Cafl:Je, on the mouth of the Duddm. Vl arwick Church, near Carliile, 4 miles, 011 the way to Corby. * Wetherall Priory. Scenes and Situations. take of Kefwick, or Derwent 'Vater, 4 miles 10nO", 2 wide, at the foot of Skiddow Hill, 18 miles S. \V. of Penrith. b Viles Water, S. S. 'V. of Penrith, 9 miles Irllg, .~. hroad. View from DUllmallert Hill, and along the weft fide beyond \Vater' i'vLdloch. liorodak, and the top of Cafl:Je Craig, at the entrance of it, S. of Kefwick Lake, and Lawdown Water-fall and Grange, 5 miles from I~efwick. Braithwate Brewes, N. W. of Kefwick, in the road to Cockl-m'ouch. Bdt view of Skiddow, and over Baffingthwate Water, and a part of l,,-cl\vick L,,,e. Vic"v of the Beacon Hill, near Penrith, I mile. \Varnal, view from it, S. VI. of Rofe Cafl:le. View of Baffingthwate Water, on the c:lft fide oppolite to '\' iJI:ol'c \Voods; or from Armthwate at its northern extrcmity, ncar 8 miles from t~erwicl;, ncar Ewfbridge. HouJes, Parks, Plalltations. Corby, S. E. ofCarliile, 6 miles. C DE R B Y- D E R B Y S H IRE. E R B Y S H J R E is bounded on the N. by Yorklhire; on the E. by N ottJnghalft.ol! fhire; on the S. by Leiceilerlhire and .'Warwicklh}re; and on the W .. b;:- Stalfofdfl.ti~ Dand Chelhire. It extends near forty miles In length; m the northern parts It .IS a~ou~ thlfty miles broad, but in the fouthern not above fix; It IS computed to be near 130 mdes IJ1 Clfcum. ference, and contains 6Ko,000 acres. This county .is divided intI) fix hundreds, in which are containe? II ~arket-to",:,ns, 53 vi. caragcs, JOb panlhes, near scn villages, 21, J 5° houfes, and 126,900 mhabltants. It IS feat~ In the diocefe of Litchfield and CO\'CIltlY, and fends fOUf members to parlIament, two for the coun ty, and two for the town of Derby. The air, efJ)ecially on the eail: fide, is wholefome and agreeable; but in the mountains of the Peak it is Iharp and cold. The north and weil: parts are hilly and il:ony; but the fouthern and eaHcrn have rich lands, th2.t are plcafant and ffrtile, producing moil: kinds of grain, particular ly barley. Even the north-welt p:lrt, calld the Peak, is not Jcfl:itut(! of riches; for the bleak mountains produce great quantities of the beft: lead, marble, alabai1er, millitones, iron, coal, and a coarfe fort of cryilal, and in the intermediate valJies is great plenty of grafs. The principal rivers are the Derwent, the Dove, the Erwafh, and the Trent. The two fidl: rife in the Peak; the Derwcnt running from N. W. to S . .E. through the middle of the county, alld at length becoming a confiderable river, difchargcs itfelf into the Trent, about eicrht milel! helow Derby. The Dove parts this county from Staifurdihirc, and falls into the Tre~t, abollt five mil

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I o .L s c A D E VON S H IRE. EVONSHIRE is bounded on the S. by the Englifh Channel; on the N. by the Bri( . tol Channel; on the W. by Cornwall; and on the E. by Somerfet and Dorfet. It is about D69 miles in length from north 'to fouth, 66 in breadth from eait to weft, and zeo miles in cir cumference. It contains about 2335 fquare miles, or 1,920,000 acres; in which are 33 hundreds, 12 bOl\oughs, 40 market towns, 394 parifhes, 1733 villages, and near 57,000 houfes. The air is {harp upon the hills, and mild in the vallies, but in general healthy and pleafant. The foil is very various. All round the borders of Dartmore, as well as that foreft, it is very moory, and naturally barren. Here m2.ny of thofe fine oxen brought up to Smithfield by the dro vers of Somerfet{hire, are bred, and afterwards fattened in the fine paftures between Bridgwater and Wells. The northern parts of the county confift, in general, of a dry, healthy foil, cfpe cially about the borders of Exmore. It has mines of tin, copper, and other metals, and is noted for cyder and perry. The fea-coafts abound in herrings, pilchards, and other faIt-water fifh. The chief rivers are, the Ex, the Towridge, the Tame, and the Taw. Antiquities. '* Ford Abbey, E. of the Ax, N. E. ofAxminfter. '* St. Mary Ottery's Priory, S. W. of Honiton. '* Exeter Caftle and Cathedral, Guildhall, &c. '* Tiverton Caftle, on the Ex, N. of Exeter. " Powderham Came, on the Ken, near the Ex, S. S. E. of Exeter. !l- Berry Pomeroy Caftle, near the Dart, E. of Totnefs, 1080. " Dartington Temple, N. of Totnefs. !It Buckfaihee Abbey, S. W. of Afhburton, three miles. !l- Buckhnd Priory, near the Teave, N. of Plymouth, 1273 • .. Taviftock Abbey, N. of the laft, 961. '* Okehampton Caftle, near the Ocke and Towridge. ~, Frithalkftoke Priory, W. of Torrington, S. of Biddeford. Biddeford Bridge, on the Towridge. Barnftaple, near the Taw. Torr Abbey, near Torbay, N. of Dartmouth. '* Dartmouth Caftle, on the coaft. Crediton Church, feven miles N. of Exeter. Scenes and Situatiolzs. Ether Rocks, on the edge of Dunmore, near Illington. Halldown, near Exeter and Mamhead. Barley Houfe, near Exeter. The Thatcher or Datcher, a rock in Torbay, near Torr Key. Babicombe, near Mary-Church, in Torbay. View from a hill, three miles from Exet~r, in the road to Tiverton. View within a mile of Tiverton, in the fame road. Knowles Hill, near Newon, in the road from Exeter to Plymouth. Bradley, one-fourth of a mile from Newton. Afell Hill, one mile and an half from Afhburton. Milberdown or Milburn, near Newton. Stoke Common. Ogwell Hill, near Newton. View from the hill one-half mile E. of Honiton. V iew from Edifione Light-houle. HouJes, Parks, and Plantations . •.•unt Edgecombe, W. of the Tamar, S. W. of Plymouth. Taw, a hill near Plymouth, 280 feet high. T. 11 and Bridge of the Lid at Lidford, tl. W. of Okehampton. CaMe Mill, ncar Torrington. IVlamhead, E. of Chudleigh. Saltram, E. of Plymouth three mile~. Mount Radford, near Exeter. Tawftock, fix miles from Biddeford. Raleigh, nine miles from Biddeford. Ugbrook, near Chudleigh. C :a b 0 R SETa

D E VON S H IRE. EVONSHIRE is bounded on the S. by the Englifu Channel; on the N. by the Brif tol Channel; on the W. by Cornwall; and on the E. by Somerfet and Dorfet. It is about D'69 miles in length from north 'to fouth, 66 in breadth from eaft to weft, and zeo miles in cir cumference. It contains about 2335 (quare miles, or 1,920,coo acres; in which are 33 hundreds, lZ bOl;pugh~, 40 market towns., 394 pari~les~ 17 33 vill~ges, an~ near 57,000 houfes. The air IS £harp upon the hllJs, ;lnd mIld In the valhes, but In general healthy and pleafant. The foil is very variolls. All round the borders of Dartmore, as well ~s that forell:, it is very tnoory, and naturally barren. Here m~.ny of thofe fine oxen brought up to Smithfield by the dro vers of Somerfetfuire, are bred, and afterwards fattened in the fine paftures between Bridgwater and Wells. The northern parts of the county confift, in general, of a dry, healthy foil, efpe cially about the borders of Exmore. It has mines of tin, copper, and c~her metals, and is noted for cyder and perry. The fea-coafts abound in herrings, pilchard~" and other fait-water fiih. The chief rivers are, the Ex, the Towridge, the Tame, and the Taw. Al1tiqui ties. * Ford Abbey, E. of the Ax, N. E. ofAxminfter. * St. Mary Ottery's Priory, S. W. of Honiton. ,. Exeter Came and Cathedral, Guildhall, &c • .. Tiverton Came, on the Ex, N. of Exeter. ~ Powderham Came, on the Ken, near the Ex, S. S. E. of Exeter• ... Berry Pomeroy Came, near the Dart, E. of Totnefs, 1080. " Dartington Temple, N. of Totnefs. * Buckfaihee Abbey, S. W. of Afhburton, three miles . .. Buckhnd Priory, near the Teave, N. of Plymouth, 1273 • .. Taviftock Abbey, N. of the laft, 961. '* Okehampton Came, near the Ocke and Towridge. "" Frithalkfroke Priory, W. of Torrington, S. of Biddeford. Biddeford Bridge, on the Towridge. Barnftaple, near the Taw. Torr Abbey, near Torbay, N. of Dartmouth • .. Dartmouth Came, on the coaft. Crediton Church, [even miles N. of Exeter. Scenes and SituatiolZS. Ether Rocks, on the edge of Dunmore, near lIlington. Halldown, near Exeter and Mamhead. Barley Houfe, near Exeter. The Thatcher or Datcher, a rock in Torhay, near Torr Key. Babicombe, near Mary-Church, in Torbay. View from a hill, three miles from Exetn, in the road to Tiverton. View within a mile of Tiverton, in the fame road. Knowles Hill, near Newon, in the road from Exeter to Plymouth, Bradley, one-fourth of a mile from Newton. Alell Hill, one mile and an half from Afhburton. Milberdown or Milburn, near Newton. Stoke Common. Ogwell Hill, near Newton. View from the hill one-half mile E. of Honiton. View from Edifione Light-houfe. Houfes, Parks, and Plantations . ••unt Edgecombe, W. of the Tamar, S. W. of Plymouth. Taw, a hill near Plymouth, 280 feet high. T. . 11 and Bridge of the Lid at Lidford, ti. W. of Okehampton Came I1ill, ncar Torrington. • Ivlamhead, E. of Chudleigh. Saltram, E. of Plymouth three mile~. Mount Roaelford, near Exeter. Tawftock, fix miles from Biddeford. Raleigh, nine miles from Biddeford. L' gbrook, near Chudleigh. C 2 b 0 R SET~ D 0 R S E, T S H IRE.

ORSETSHIRE is bounded on the N, by \Viltlhire and Somerfetlhire; on the W. by Devon.. D {hire and Somerfetlhire; on the E. by Hamplhire; and on the S. by the En.glifh c;hanneI. It i, about 50 miles in length, from E. to \V. on the fea-coalt, b:lt not above +0 In the l.nland parts; about +0 in breadth, 150 in circumference, and contains 950 fquare mdes. In thIs county are 34 hundreds, 22 market-towns, 236 parifhes, fix cafiles, about 772,000 acres., 25,20~ houfes, and 'J 32,000 inhabitants. This co~nty lies if: the. diocefe of Br~ltol, a,;d cont~ll1s 68 VlCara&es. It Jcuds twenty members to parlIament, of whIch two are knIghts of the lhIre, and two tor each of the following towns, Dorchelter, P~(>l, Lime, Bridport, Shaftfbury, Wareham, Corfe CallIe, Weymouth and Melcomb-Regis ; for though thefe two lalt are united, e~ch fends two.- The air of thi~ county, which h.t, been ui'tcll ttiled the garden of England, is, III general, very healthy. On the hills it is lomewhat {harp, but mild and pleafant in the val lies, and near the coatt. The foil is rich and fertile: the northern part, divided from the fouthern by an almon: continued ridge of lofty hills, was fcrmerly covered with woods, but noW affords excellent paf ture for black cattle, being watered L,v many ttreams which flow through beautiful m~adows. The fouthern parts, which conllit chiefly of fine downs, feed an incredible number of {herp remarkable both for the {wedne(~ of their fle{h, and the fincnefs of their wool. Thc vallics ar~ remarkabl~ fruitful in corn, fl:~x? and hemp, the l.all: of w~ich is allo~ed te.· bc tl~e bc1l: of any prod~Iccd III the ~ntJlh domlIllOl1S. Here are 11111 exte(1hve woods of very fine tImber, which f1ourdh, efpeclally In the northern parts of the county, extremely well; and fome very conlide~-· able plantations have been I.!tcly made here. Antiquities. \Vimbourn l\1inlter, N. of Pool, near the Stour. '* il1iddleton or MilrPIl Abbey, S. of Sturmintter, founded r036. : S,her.borne CaJ,tle and Church, S. W. of ~haftfbury Gn the .t.vill, 1 :07. · Corte Cattle, III the lile of Purbeck, S. E. of Wareham : Eail LuI worth Came, near the coatt, \V. of Corfe Cam;, 1610. · Bllldon Abbey, N. of Lulworth 1172: ~ Sandti)rd or Sandsfoot Came, S. 'of \Veymouth on the coatt J550 • : Ab~otfbury: Abbey, on the coatt, S. of Frampton, loz6. ' · ChldlOck Came, on the coatt, E. of Lyme. Studland Church, in the lile of Purbeck . Maiden Came, one mile from Dorchette~.

Scenes and Situalions. \VefthLulwk°rtbh Cove and Dern Door, a rock on the coaft Yeatmah '\Valk ilndb~ t e roc s etween them " , .. iew ':h fromhaHhi,ll, f 0 miles b~yond Dorchelter, in the road to Exeter C. armout III E of Lyme Re' . th d " B . . Chelll Bank, in 'Por~land. gIS, III e roa ,rom ndport to Axminfter~ Q!Jarnes, near the Old Church in the HIe of Portia d l\laumbury, near Dorchetter. ' n •

HouJes, Parks, Plantations. ERa~bllry, four mil~s N. of Blandford, by Vanburgh. raInttone, one mIle from Blandford Malbury, S. S.W. of Sherborne. • I ncam, on the coalt S. E. of Lulworth Wool ton , one mile N. of Dorchetter • Hook. CaftJe, nine miles from Dorch;!l:er.

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E AT G L I s H c If A N N E L _...... _- D U R HAM. HE Difhopric of Durham received its name from its chief town, called by the Saxons T Deorham, or Dlinho:m, to exprefs its fituation on a hill furrounded by a river. On the converfion of the kingdom of the Northumbrians, of which this was a part, this county was be ftowed on St. Cuthbert, BiLiOpof Lindisfarn, and his fucce1fors for ever. This grant was rati hed both by the Danes and the Normans, with the addition of feveral privilege-s, particularly that of being a county palatine, enjoying the fame prerogatives within, as the King did without its bounds, with refpeE!: to forfeitures, eiC'. Thus it was a kind of royalty fubordinate to the crown. It is bounded on the N. by the river Tync, which parts it from Northumberland; on the E. by the German Ocean; on the S. by the Tees, which divides it from Yorkfhire; and on the W. by Weftmoreland and Cumberland. It extends 39 miles in length, 35 ill breadth, 107 in circumference, and contains. 610,000 acres. It is in the diocefe of its own name, and contains . I city, 7 market-towns, 59 vicarages, 1I3 parilhes, n~ar 230 vilLl'[;Ls, about 15,980 hOl:[CS, and 96,900 inhabitants; but fends only 4 members to parlIament, namely, 2 for the CC'lllty, and 2 for the city of Durham. The air of this county is wholefome, and, though very lh:lrp in the weft~rn parts, is milder to wards the fea, whofe warm npours mitigate the feverity of the winter feaions. The L,il is very different, the wefiern fide being mountainous and barren, while the caftern and foutb ~rn parts nearly refemble the fouth of England, and confift of beautiful meadows, rich paftures, \"iOQds, and corn-fields. The inhabitants have their induftry rewarded by the immcn[c quantities of coals, lead, and iron,. found in the bowels of the earth. Antiquities. *' Durham Caftle and Abbey, 1070. '* Finchall Priory, on the \Yere, N. E. of Durham. '* Lumley Caftle, near Chefter. * Hylton Caft!e, near the V.rere, \V. of Sunderland. * Yarrow Monafiery, near the Tyne, built 674. * Brancepeth Came, near the Were, S. 'V. of Durham. '* Bilhops-Aukland Palace, on the Gauntlets, S. W. of Durham. *' Raby Came, nc~r Stein thorpe, to N. E. * Barnard Came, on the Tees, \Y. of the !aft, and the walk throu!!h the Holmes to Toller Hill. .:> Darlington Church, on the Tees. '* Ravenfworth Cafile-. Scenes and Situations. The Banks at Durham, on the \Vere. Gillygate Churchyard, above the Rare Field at Durham, and thc\\"J': through, Pallaw \Vood to Old Durham. . Eutterby Hill, S. of Durham. The Force of Tee(dale, 'V. of Middleton,. Winfto.n, on the Tees, VV. of Pierfbridge. New FIeld, E. of Were, near Old Park, about 2 miles. The Black Halls, on the coaft, N. of Hartlepool 6 miles. Mugglefwick Park, near the Darwen, N. of \Volfingham. Walk through th~ fields to Franklin 'Vood, J: m. from Durham, and tluo' the wood 2 miles more to Braffide l\loor, \V. of the \ \; ere. Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Cockan, on the Were, S. of Lumley. Hardwick, near Sedgefield. Gibfide, on the Darwen, S. \V. of Newcafile. IT 5 SEX: E SSE X.

SSE X is bounded on the N. by the river Stour, which feparates it rro~ SufFolk a~d Ca.l!l~ E bridgefhire; on the E. by the German Sea; o~ th~ W. by Hertfordfhlre and Mlddle~;i and on the S. by the river Thames. It extends 47 miles In length from eaft to weft, a~out 42 11\ breadth from north to fouth, is 146 in circumference, and contains 1,240,?00 acres. ThIs county, which is in the dioede of London, is divided into 18 hundreds, and contallls 24 mal:ket-t?wns, 415 parifhes, 1:25 vicarages, and 1100 villa6es, with about 34,800 houfes, and 208,800 II1habltants. It iends 8 members to parliament, namely, 2 for the county, and 2 fOf Colchefter, Harwich, and M,t1J'211. The air in the inland p,uts is healthy; but in the marllies near the fea p-oduces agues, par ticulJrly in that part called the Hundreds: however, the fertility of the unwholcfome part is very great, and even th~ hig!;er grounds of this county are very fruitful. About Safr'ron Walden, the. earth, afccr b,aring faffron 3 years, it is faid, will produce good barley for 18 years fuccefiilOely, without any manure. Its pmduce, which is very plentiful, con lifts of corn, rnoft excellent fa/froll.~ cattl~, fowl, fi.lli, and efpecially orners. The chief manufactures of this county are cloth, flufts, and prtlcularly hl7.c. The princip:l1 riv~rs, belidcs the Thames, are the Stour, which falls into the German Sea al Harwich; the Lea, its wcftern boundary, falls int.) the Thames below Stratford; the Blackwatel runs through the heart of the county, and palling by Chelmsford is joined by the Chalmer, and from thence runs into the German Sea; the Corn runs by Halfted to Colchefter, and fo into th( {ea. All thefe rivers abound with moft forts of filli.

Antiquities. Waltham Abbey and Crofs, on the Lea, S. W. of Epping. Hatfidd Broad Oke Church, S. 'V. of Dunmow. Salfroll-vValden Church, N. E. of Newport. New Hal! and Borell1m Church, N. E. of Chelmsford. *- Lees Priory, S. E. of FeIned. Earb-Coln Church, S. E. of HaWed. : i-!enningham Caflle, on the CoIn, N. of Halfl:ed. Colchelter Caftle, 9rl, and St. John's Church, 1097. Larer-11.arney Caftle, S. W. ofColchdter. ; St. Oiyth's Priory, at the mouth of the CoIn, S. E. of Colchefter, lI20. Hadlcig~ CaHle, on !he Thames, near the IJ1e of Canvey. 1haxtcd Church, N. E. of Dunmow. Grcenfted Church, near Ongar, to N. W.

Scenes and Situatiol1!. Dunmow, ~. of Thaxted and the Church. Havehnng:'IJ \'lew from it, N. of Rumford from the high grounds I mile \V 01 t C VI age, and from the Bower ,. Road from Chelmsfor~ to BillericaY. Hdl ncar Horndon , view from it , S • W • 0 f B'll 1 encay..

Houfes, Parks, Plantations. 'Vanfted Houfe, near Roding, by Campbell C opthall, 'V. of Eppino- . Audley End SSE ot"W ld b J r Shatto-rove 'S."of·th '1 Jl. a en, y al11cn, altered by Adam and bv Brownei G fib.' e au. lVtfit1d , w. of Halfted, N. of Braintree "IY ley, S. E. of Manningtree. • !V o~ fh am, by Leoni. Albllls, near Ongar, by Inigo Jones. Reuurrks. Clzdnu,jOrd 14 tlu Cu",!2' Town. __ Scale tJl'JJrd~ ,staUde.ll:fI'lM. 01 '<71':7" TOI"'''' 7Vlin. tlu JY!' 0/. -..u:* nw-rv 'n:;vJl"lldmParlt;'l1nt t/-- I ++of .,Slm"d. ______:I 4 0 /0 /4 .. ~MarX:dT07l171J. ______--P o Wlh,9.eJkc . ______~ CadlkJ. ______--e Q FarM. ______0 2; l V-ft. tI.eFtf:I'NYJ tp tiM 'FOIlI7lJ

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~{ahnIb=y S gu - y l' 1- ~ .., G LOU' C EST E R S H IRE.

LOUCESTER SHIRE is 65 miles long, 32 broad, 156 round, contains 800,000 acres, and G is bounded on the W. by Hereford!hirc and Monmou th1hire; on the N. by W orcefter!hire ; on the E. by Warwick!hire and Oxford!hire; and on the S. by Wilt!hire and Somer[ctil1Ire. It contains 26,760 hou(es, 162,560 inhabitants, 280 pariihes, and 27 market-towns. It fends only H members to parliament, 6 for 3 towns, and 2 for the county. It lies in the diocefe of Glouceller. It abounds with all forts of grain, cattle, fowls, and g.lmc, fine bacon, and excellent cyd~r and cheefe, with great plenty offifh, cfpecially falmon, lampreys and conger-eels. It has 2 foreH:s, and H} parks. It is computed that not lefs than 400,000 !http are fed in this county, and that upwards of 50,000 pieces of woolen cloths are annually made in it. The air is generally good, and the foil extremely fruitful. Cot[wood Hills arc noted for feeding many flocks of !heep; and the rich vale of Evefuam is remarkable for producing excellent wheat. The F orell of Dean lies weftward of the Severn, and was once full of oak-trees; but the iron mines have con fumed the greatefl: part. The rivers of moft note are, the Severn, the l/is, the Chern, the Colne, the Lethe, the Windrufh, the Evenlode, the Leden, the Avon, the Swiliate, the Caron, and the Stour.

Antiquities. Gloucefl:er Cathedral, Cloifiers, Library, &c • .. Tewkeibury Church, 5 miles N. W. of Cheltenham, 715. if Sudeley Cafile, S. E. of vVinchcombc. Cirencdl:er or Cilfcter Church, on the Chern. Oakley, and Lord Bathurfi's \Voods. Fairford Church, on the Colne, near Cilfeter . .. Bevedl:one or Bure!lon Cafile, N. W. of Tetbury. *' Berkeley Caille and Church, near the Severn, 15 miles from Gloucefier • • Thornbury Cafl:le and Church, S. of the former, 1511. *' St. Briavel's or Breulais Cafile, in the Forefi of Dean, near the Wyc, S. S. E. of Monmouth. Stroud Church, N. 'Y. of Cilfeter. \Vickwar Church, N. E. of Sodbury. Campden Church, N. W. of Stowe, and S. E. of Eveflnm. Cleeve Church, N. of Cheltenham. Down-Amney Church, S. E. of Cilfeter. * Hale's Abbey, 2 miles N. E. of Winchcombe. Kingfwood Abbey, 3 miles N. of \Vickwar. * Lanthony Priory, joining to Glouccfler, 1103. Newark, ncar the Jafr. Lechlade Church, 8 miles E. of Cilfeter. We!hbury Church, 2 miles N.'V. of Briil:ol. Wintcrburn Church, 5 miles N. E. of Brifrol. Wotton-under-Edge Church, 2 miles S. of Dudley.

Scenes and Situations. Kambiborough Came-Hill, or Cafl:Ie Godwin, near Painfwick, S. of Glouceller. Alvefion, or Allifron, near Aufr-Ferry, on a hill called the Old Abbey. Forceter or FoLler Hill, S. \V. of Stanley, in the road from Brillol to GJoucdl:er. . ~~ C LOU C EST E R S H IRE.

Road from Glouceftcr to Newnham. Sr. Vincent's Rock, near Brifrol Hot-"Veils. Brandon Hill, near Briftol. Bibllry, in the road between Ciffeter and Burford. Cricl:lcy I.ili, in the road from Oxford to Glollccfi-:r. Stinchcombe ILiJ, near Dudley. fllay Hill, between Glouccfter and Ro(s. Dirdlip Hil!s, 5 miles S. E. of Glouceftcr, on the Chefler road. lhrrow Hill, near the Severn, in Arlington pariili, N. of Berkley. Painfwick Hill, 4 miles S. E. of Glollcefter, and thence to the left through PainCwick wood into th'c! Birdlip-Hill road. l)rJ:"I· Bridge Green, view from the hill, near Haresfield, 4 miles S. of Glollcefl:er. St. Blaife's Hill, or lllaifc Came, near Henbury, 3 miles N. W. of Briftol. Shllnlo Hill, Shennington, 4 miles N. 'V. of Banbury. Staunton {-{:II'.1 miles £. of Monmouth. Tower Hill, near Tytherington, S. of Thornbury. \Voolfron, 4 miles N. of Cheltenham, 3 miles 'V. from \Vinchcombe. Broadway Hill, in the road from Morton to Evefham. Clifton Down, view near the windmill, ncar Brifrol. Woolrid;,:c Hill, in the Malvern road, 4 miles N. VI. of Gloucell:er. Robinhood's Hill, 2t miles S. E. of Gloucdler; view in the morning when the tide is in. Top of Lancroft Cliff, on the \ Vye, I} mile frem Chepfl:ow, oppofite to Persfield, in Monmouth!hire.

Houfes, Parks, Plantations. King's '\Tefton, ncar the mouth of the Avon, by Vanburgh, 'V'. of BriCtol. Stoke Gifford, N. E. of Brifto!' Tortworth, S. E. of Berkeley, 3 miles W. of Wotton. NimpsfieJd, 'V. of Minchin Hampton, E. of Durney. Badmington. Sherbourne Houfe and Lodge, by Inigo] ones, 2 miles E. of N orthlech. Knowls, N. of Briilol. Highnam, W. of Glollcefl:er. Dyrham, S. of Sodbury. Ealington, N. of Durney. Trethorn, 6 miles N. \V. of Durl1ey. Kempsford, on the Ilis, 2 miles S. \ \'. of Lcchlade. 1'v1atfon, 2 miles S. E. of Gloucefter. The Vineyard, in the north hambs joining to Gloucefl:er. Newark, 2 miles E. from \\'otton. Snead Park, near \Veftbury, N. W. of BriCtol. Symondfhall, near Wotton. Clifton, \\T. of BriCtol.

HAM P S H IRE.

M AMP S H I It E.

AMPSHIRE, or RANTS, properly the county of Southampton, is bounded on the E.by Surry and Suffex j on the S. by the Britilh Channel; on the W. by Wiltlhire and Dor (etlhire;H and on tbe N. by Berkihire. It extends 64 miles in length from N. to S. 36 from E. to \-V. is about 150 '!1iks in circumference, an~ contains 1,3[2,500 acres. I~ is divided into 39 hundreds, and contaIns 9 fordls, 29 parks, I CIty, 20 market-towns, 253 panlhes, above 36,000 boufes, and by the moil: moderate computation 180,000 inhabitants, who elea 26 members of par ijament, 2 for the county, 2 for the city of vVinchefter, and 2 for each of the following towns, Southampton, Porttinouth, Petersfield, Yarmouth, Newport, Stockbridcrc, Andover, \Vhit- church, Lymington, Chrift-church, and Newton. '" The air is mild and wholefome; but a (mall p:lrt, which con{jfts of the low grounds next the fea, is fubject to thefea-vapours, but without the bad effeCts ufually experienced in other counties. The foil is generally rich, and the county affords plenty of corn, cattle, wool, bacon, wood, iron, and honey. The iheep are remarkably good, but fmall, and valued both for their llelh and wool. The bacon of this county is efteemed the beft in England; and its honey, except that gathered on the heaths, bears a high price, and of this the inhabitants make molt excellent mead and metheglin. The excellency of the Hamplhire bacon is attributed to the {wine b!:ing fupplied with plenty of acorns from the ,New Ford! and other woods, in which they lti'e fuffered to run at large. The fea-coaft here furmlhes oyfters, lobfters, and other [ea-filh, and !is river's abound in freili-fiih, efpecially trouts. There is no county in EnCTland fo well wooded as this; and .though the vaft con[umption of timber at Portfmouth, South"ampton, Redbridge, and other places fmce the Revolution, in building men-of-war and fmaller velfels, has con fumed great quantities, yet there is no want of timber, a great ceal being frill left growing; and ill .the New Fore1l.there are oaks of feveral hundred years growth..

Antiquities. Winchefier Cathedral and College, and Came. St. Cro[s Hofpital, S. W. of the laft. Bilhops-Waltham CaftIe, N. N. W. of Fareham. * Netley Abbey, E. S. E. of Southampton, founded 1239. 41< Tichfield Abbey, \\T. of Fareham . .. Rumfey Nunnery Church, on the Teft, N. \V. of Southampton. '* Callhot, or Calhot CaftIe, W. of the mouth of Southampton river, 1H2 • ., Hurft Caille, on a point oppofite Yarmouth in the II1e of Wight, 1S43- '* Portchefter CaftIe, on the coaft, N. \V. of Portfmouth. Warn ford Church, N. E. of Bilhops Waltham. 'Silchefl:er, N. of Bafingftoke, 011 the edge of Berklhire. Holy-Ghoft Chapel, near Bafingftoke.

Scenes and Situations. Portefdown, 5 miles N. of Portfmouth. ._ Weft Lodge, in Bere Foreft, S. S. W. of Soberton.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantation!. The Grange, N. E. ofWinchefl:er, by Inigo Jones. Worblington, E. of Havant, on the coaft. Bevis Mount, near Southampton. Bellvue, near the fame place. tit Winchefter Palace, near Wincheiler. Beaulieu, in New Foreft. Tichfield Place, near Tichfield. D IS L E I S L E OF WIG H T.

I G fIT - I S LAN D, Hamplhire, the moft eaftern point being oppofite to Portfmouth" W and the m(,ft wellcrn point to Chriltchurch, is about two or three hours fail frolT! Southan;pton or Port(mouth. It is 20 miles long, 12 miles in the middle where broadelt, and co miles in compafs. The fides lie N. and S. but the fea breaks fo far into it on the N. fide, that it almoll divides it into two parts, whereof that on the W. is called Frclhwater, and that on the E. Blllbridge 11k The town and river of Newport, or Medina, being in the centre of the i/1and, it is from thence di!l:inguilhed by Eal1: and "V. Medina. It has 4 market-towns, of which 3 are parliamentary boroubhs, and 29 parilhes. It is plea(ant, and exceeding fruitful, abounding with corn and paltllre, wild-fowl, filh, hares, rabbits, and fine cattle; and its wool is reckoned as fine as that of Leominfter. This Tile, in lhort, may be jul1:ly ftiled the garden, of England. It was erected into a kingdom by Henry VI. who made Henry de Beauchampt Duke of'Varwick, and Primier Earl of England, King thereof; but afterwards reverting to the crown, Edward IV. reduced it to a lordlhip, and made (his father-in-law) Richard de Wood~ ville, Lord of the llle. The government of it now is always vefted in fome General or Admiral, and under him are all the GO\ ernors of the callies and forts in the il1and. In ecclefiaftical matters it is ful'jcCt to the Bilhcp of Winchelttr; but in civil afFairs is under the county of Southampton~

Antiquities.

Of Cowes C:lltle, on th(; coaft, oppofite CaHhot Callie, founded 1543- '* Carifbrook Cafile, S. 'V. of Newport, 530 . QJar Abbey, near Ryd, S. E. of Newport or Arreton.

Scenes and Situations. The Needle Rock, and "V. end of the Il1e feen from tbe fea, with the Cavern. Frefh \Vater, view from a field there S. S. \V. of Yarmouth 6 miles. \Vay from Cowes by water up to Newport, and the walk from Hurft Stake to Newport. Shanklin Chine, on the S. E. coa/t, N. N. E. of Durchurch. Alhley Down, view near the land mark. N unwell Down, view of Brading Haven at high-water. Village of Rida, on the N. coaft, with Troublefield, and Appely under Cliff; S. W. of Dun Nofe, on the S. E. coafl:.

Houfe..-, Parks, and Plantations. Appuldore Combe, towards the fea-coaft, and the Hill in the park. The Priory, near St. Helen's. Steeple, S. 'V. of Bunchurch.

HER E.

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EREFORDSHIRE is bounded on the N. by ShropIhire; on the E. by Worcef1:edhire H and Gloucef1:erIhire; on the S. by Monmouthfhire; and 011 the W. by RadnorIhirc, in Wales. It extends 35 miles from N. to S. 30 from E. to W. 130 in circllmfqence, and (;011- :ains 660,000 acres. This county lies in the diocefc of Hereford, and c?ntai~s 8 market-towns, 87 vicarages, 176 )arithes, and 391 villages, 15,000 houfes, and 95,600 1l1habltants. It is divided into II hundreds, lnd fends 8 members to parliament, namely, 2 knights for the {hire, and 2 for each of the fol lowing towns, Hereford, Lemfter or Leominfl:er, and \Veobly. The air of this county is healthy and delightful, whence the inhabitants generally live to a ~reat age; as an inf1:ance of which, it is faid, that a morris-dance was performed before King James I. by 10 men and women, whofe ages together made 1000 years. The foil is excC'cding rich, producing e'xcellellt corn, wool, and fruit, a~ is evident from the Lemfl:er bread, \Vebber de, and Herefordthire cyder, the laf1: of which is fent to all parts of England. It alfo abound. with wood and lith • .. Hereford{hire is plentifully watered wit'h feveral rivers, the chief of which are the \V\'e, tbe Monow, the Zug, and the Frome or Froom; all of which are well /to red with hlh. The Cal mon of this county are very remarkable, for in other parts of England they are fo far out of fea fon, after fpawning, as to be unwholefome food, till they hClve been again at fea to recover lhem- (elves; but here they are always found, fat, and fit for the table. '

t1ntiquities. Hereford Cathedral, Porch of St. Magdalen's Chapel, and the Caf1:le-Y Md • • Go()drick Caf1:le, S. of Rofs, on the \Vy~, 5 miles by water . • Wigmore Caf1:Ie, N. W. of Lemf1:er~ toullded II79. '* Brampton Brian, N. W. of the lail;, near the ,Tame. • Branf1:ilI Calfl:e, \V. of 1'l'Iall'ernHills. Hampton Court, on the Lug, S. E; of bunfl:GI" and the Chapel. Wilton Cafl:le, W. of Rofs t a miki-" on the' \Vye. Courtfield, on the \Vye, 6 miles from RoCs. '

Scenes and Situations. The Gilden Vale, on the Dore, W. of Hereford. Creden Hill, and K enchef1:er, \V. of Hereford. The Ambrey, in Croft-Caf1:1c Park, on the Lug, \V. N. ,v. of Lun!l:er. Rofs, upon theWye, S. E. of Hereford, and the Church. Sutton Walls, view from the hill, on the Lug,1\'. of Hereford. Brynmawr, view from it, near Hereford, to the N. The whole way by water from Ro(s to Monmouth, 20 miles, particularly at Good~ rick Caf1:le, Coldwell Rocks, Symond's Yate, at River-Dean Church, the New Wear, and Longfl:one, &c.

D2 HER T- HER T FOR D S H r R E.

ER TFORDSHIRE derives its name from Hartford, or Hertford, the county town, andi H is bounded on the N. by Cambridgefhire; on the E. by Elfex; on the W. by Bedford. {hire and Buckinghamfhire ; and on the S. by Middlefex. It is 36 miles in length, 28 in breadth about 130 in circumference, anu contains 451,000 acres. This county, which lies partly in th: diocefe of London, and partly in that of Lincoln, is divided into 8 hundreds, which contain It) market-towns, 54 vicarao-es, 120 parifhes, ;:md near 950 villages, with about 16,500 houfes, and 82,800 inhabitants; an/fends 6 members to parliament, 2 knights for the {hire, with 2 blHgeifes for St. Alban's, and as many for Hertford. The air is very clear and falutary, whence it is frequently recommended by phylicians :IS' highly conducive to health; and the people have a faying, that whoever buys a houfe or land in Hertfordfhire, pays two years purchafe extraordinary for the goodnefs of the air. The foil is. generally rich, and in the northern parts has a marl mixed with it, that makes it produce excel lent wheat; but the meadows and pall:ures are indifferent. The chief commodities are wheat,. '!:nrley, malt, and wood. This county is well watered with fmall rivers, the chief of which. are the Lea and the CoIn.

Antiquities.

'* St. Alban's Abbey, 79~. Standan-Houfe, W. of Biihop's-Stortford. King's-Langley Church, S. S. E. of Hempll:ed~ Berkhampl1:ed Church, W. of St. Alban's. Hitchin Church, N,W. of Stevenage.

Scenes and Situations. View from Bulliy-Heath; N. W. of Edgeworth. Brockley Hill, ne

Houfes, Parks, and PlaTztations. Pilhobury, W. of Hockerill, on the Stort, by Inigo Jones. 'Yare Park, N. N. E. of Hertford. Hatfield, E. of St. Alban's. Gorhambury, N. W. of St. Alban's. Caihiobury, N. W. of Watford, on the Hunton~ More Park, 2 miles S. of Rickmanfworth. Penley Lodge, near TI ing, to the E. Gubbins, or Gobions, S. E. of North Mims. Wotton, N. of the hll: place. Wotton Park, N. of Hertford. Humfdan-Houfe, N. E. of Hoddefdon. Rulfel-Farm, 1 mile from Calhiobury. Long Leybury, 1 mile from Rickmanfworth.

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UNTINGDONSHIRE, or HUNTINGTONSHIRE, received its name from th~ Saxons, ~ho, from its b-ing a fporting-county, called it Huntedunfcire. It is bounded Hon the N. and W. by Northamptonfhire; on the E. by Cambridgelhire; and on the S. by Bed fordfhire; extending 25 miles in length from N. to S. 18 in breadth from E. to W. ncar 67 ill circumference, and containing 240,oco acres. This county, which is in the dioccfe of Lincoln, is divided into 4 hundreds, and contains 6 market-towns, 29 vicarages, 79 parifhes, 229 villages, about 8220 houfes, and upwards of 4' ,::ooq inhabitants; but fends only 4 members to parliament, namely, 2 kni::;hts of the fhire, and 2 members for Huntingdon. , . The air of Huntingdonfhire is good, except in the fenny parts, which are fubjeCl: to damps ljnd unwholefome fogs. The foil is very fruitful. In the dry lands it yields good crops of corn,. and in the lower grounds the meadows and pafiures are exceeding rich, producing fine horned cattle. Hence its chief commodities are corn, cattle, excellent cheefe made at Stilton, and called the Parmefan of England j with fowl and fifh. There is fomething particular in the civil government of this county; for as Cambridgefhire and Ely are under the fame adminifiration with it, the fheriff is chofen by turns out of thefe feveral places. The principal rivers are the Nen and the Oufe. The Nen, after it has paffed Oundle, in Northamptonfhire, winds round the N. W. and N. bounds of this county. The Oufe enters it at St. Neat's, and running to the N. E. paffes Huntingdon, and then leaves the county at Erith. In the N. E. part of the county is a lake called Wittlefey-Meer, 6 miles long and 3 broad; the water is clear, but in the calmefi weather is fubjecl: to be agitated, as if by a tempdt. The air of this lake is thick, foggy, and too often fatal to firangers who attempt to live in its neigh bourhood; but the natives receive no inconvenience from it; on the contrary, this lake abound~ in lilli, and its banks are remarkably fertile.

Antiquities. * Bugden Palace, S. W. of Huntingdon. * HinchinbrokeNunnery, N. ,V. of Huntingdon. eonington Church, S. S. E. of Yaxley. iii, Ramfey Abbey, in the fens, S. E. of Wittlefey-Mecr, founded 96r; Somerfham Palace, N. W. ofErith.

Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Kimbolton, on the borders of Bedfordfhire, S. W. of Bugden. Overton Longville, 3 miles from Peterborough. Great Gidding, 9 miles from Huntingdon.

KEN T .. K E N T.

ENT is bounded by Sufrex and Surry on the \V. on the N. by the Thames; on the E. by the K firaits of Dover, and on the S. by the Englifu Channel. It is 56 miles in length trOIn eall: to welt, and 30 in breadth from north to fouth, and 166 in circuIT.fcrencej containing 1,24~ acres, or 1,550 fquare miles. It is divided into five lathes, which are fubdivided into 69 hun dreds; contain~ng two cities, 163 vicarages, 408 parifu-churches, 30 conliderable towns, 1180 viJlJ~cs, ncar 4C,CCO houfes, and 220,000 inhabit:l!lts. Maidltone, the county town, fituated. nearly in the centre of it, fiands at the difiance of 36 miles S. E. of London. This county is nominally divided into three di!hiCl:s, Eall: Kent, \Vell: Kent, and South Kent. or, Upper Kent, Middle Kent, and Lower Kent. Upper, or Eall: Kent, which is the N. E. divilion of the county, is (aid to be health)", but not rich. Lower Kent, o~ the {outhern parts, calkd alfo the \Veald of Kent, arc raid to be rich, but not healthy: and Middle Kent, border_ ill~ U1Jon London and Surry, is {aid to k both rich and healthy. Great part of this counti lying ncar the lea, the air is thick, foggy, and warm, though often purified by S. and S. W. winds; but the madhy parts produce dreadful agues. In the higher parts of Kent, the air is reckoned very healthy. The foil is generally rich, fit either for the plough, pa!l:ure, or mea.; dow; and that part of the county which borders on the river Thames, abounds with chalk~hj//. from whence not only the city of London, and parts adjacent, but even Holland and FlariderJ are fupplied with great quantities of lime and chalk: and from thde hills the rubbifu of th. chalk is cmied by water to the coafis of EfTex, Suffolk, and Norfolk, where it is fold to the farmers as manure for their lands. , Kent affords fame mines of iron, and abounds with plantations of hops, fields of corn, rape; faint-foin, madder, woad, and hemp; and orchards of cherries, apples, and other fruit. On the cliffs between Dover and F al k!l:one, two confiderable market-towns in this county, are plentt of famphire. The fouthern parts of Kent, particularly that called the Weald, are covered witb woods of oak, beach, and chefnut-trees, which afford excellent timber for fuip-building, an4 other ufes. Here are alfo many woods of birch, from whence the broom-makers in and about London are abundantly fupplied. All the forts of cattle here are reckoned larger than in the neighbouring counties; and the \Vcald of Kent is remarkable for large bullocks. Here are (e veral parks of fallow-deer, and warrens of grey rabbits. The county is well fllpplied with lith from it:; rivers ami the adjacent fea, and is particularly famous for large oyfiers.

Antiquities.

>, Eltham Palace, S. E. of Deptford. * Rochcfter Ca!l:le, Cathedral, and Bridge, on the Medway. Maidl1:one Palace, College, and Church, on the Medway . .. Allington Ca!l:lc, S. of Aylesford, on the l\lcJW,l)', founded 123%. * Mailing Abbey, \V. of Maidllone, called Town Malling, 9+4. 'k Leeds Callie, fix miles E. of Maidllone . .,;. Cowling CallI>?, near the Thames, N. of Roche!l:cr, 1381. *' Tunbridge CallIe and Priory, ncar the Med\~·'l)'. ,,. Hever Came and Church, 'V. of Tunbridge . ... Fevedham Abbey, near the Thames, 1148. Canterbury Cathedral, Gates, "'..ills, * Ca!l:le, • Abbey of St. Augu!1:i.I1, and a Stair. cafe to the Regi!l:rv.

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.. R~cll1ver Abbey, on the N: coall-, N. E. of Canterbury, founded (,69. * ll-Ichborough Came, N. W. of Sandwich, Roman.

• Sandown, Deal, and Walmer Cames, on the E. cOJ.ll:, '540 • • Dover Came, and the l\1aifon Dieu, or Hofpital, 1227.

• Sandgate Came, on the S. Coall:, VV. of F olkltone, 1540 • • Saltwood Call:e, N. W. of Hythe. Barfrell:on or Barlton Church, N. of Barham Downs. *_ Deal Came, on the coall:, near vValmer Came, 1539. * Lullington Came. Keith Coty Houfe, near Aylesford.

Scenes and Situation!. Shooter's Hill, E. S. E. of Deptford. Northfleet, S. W. of Gravefend, on the Canterbury road. Chatham, the high Grounds S. of the town. Boughton Hill, W. of Canterbury in the London road. St. Margaret's Bay, N. E. of Dover. Rivers, a village near Dover, a view near it. Beachborough, a hill N. of Newington, near Folkll:one. Views from the hills about Shome and Thong, N. \V. of Rochell:er. Walk from Ramfgate, through Eall:on and Dumpton, to Broadll:airs. Frendfbury, N. of Rochefier one mile, and the Walk from thence towards U pnor, 011 the Medway. Boxley Hill, N. N. E. of Maidfione four miles, in the road from Rochefier. Madamfcourt Hill, N. of Sevenoak, in the road from London.

Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Blackheath, by James. '" Greenwich Hofpital, by Sir Chrifi. Wren, the Qteen's Houfe, by Inigo Jones, and the Park. Charlton Houfe, E. of Greenwich. Foots Cray, S. E. of Eltham, altered from Palladio. Cobham Hall, S. E. of Gravefend, part by Inigo Jones. Knowle, S. E. of Sevenoak. Mereworth or Merode, N. E. of Tunbridge. Penfhurfi, W. of Tunbridge, on the Medway. Eafiwell and Hothfield, S. W. of Canterbury. Combpark, near Sevenoak, by Morris. Chevering, N. N. W. of Sevenoak, part by Inigo Jonf;~. Ingrofs, E. of Dartford, in the Dover road. Bromley Palace. Hayes, near Bromley.

LAN CAS HI R f.. LAN CAS H IRE. A~\CASHIRE is bounded on the N. by Wefl:moreland and Cumberland; on the E. by L Yorklhire' on the S. 'by Chdhire; and on the W. by the Inlh 1<:..1. It extends 57 miles in l"n~"l, 35 in b;cadth, IjO in. circumference, and contains I,150~oOO acres •. It is divided into lix hUlljr",J', and conLllps !Zvlcarages, .27 .market-.towns, 63, p:!.nfhcs, 89,4 vIllages, about 43,OJO hUlli~'" and 260,000 Inhabitants. It lIes 1I1 the dlOcefe of ~hef!:er, and lends 14 m<:mbers to par. liament, namely, two f?r the c,ounty, and two, for each ot the folJowwg boroughs, Lancafter, !-I',(/:, d, Prefton, Wigan, CIIthero, and Ne:vton.. . . Th~ J:t" here is in "cneral very healthful, the lI1hablt

Scenes (! lid SI! 1',7 !iolls. ~un~l? :\lillT HoI:, three mil" from Lancall:cr, nt'ar the rnoll to Kirkby LonfdJle. Kocc;tron,:r ~ lvenLn or Oofl-on to Kendal, in \Veil:morcLnd. Ld(;;r1I.Klro:, a Cavern ncar L,:d:, E. O[ Kirkby LonlJale. l-'.u~u lrom Lancafl:er to Hornhy, 111 the Wily to In.:,;L:tull tl!rJlrike• HOlljn, Parks, PI(!I/tations. r ~irk~y ern , Hou/e, in Fyr,m r", N. \'o-. of Ulv(rf1:on. Conlhoe, at the N. end of l onrili)ll ;'lIeu'. Latham, ..E. ?f O~mfkirk,. by Ll'uni. Huoker, 111 } urnds, S. \\'. of C,rw:cl. LEICESTERSHIRF O . R .E-

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"'*I i 2 4 Ii 10 LEI C EST E R S H IRE.

EICESTERSHIRE takes its name from Leicefl:er, its capital, which it obtained from itr .L fituation on the river Leire, now called the So:u, and is bounded on the N'. by Derbyfhire and Nottinghamfhire; on the E. by Lincolnfhire and Rutlandfhire; on the S. by Northamptonfhire ; and on the W. by Warwickfhire. It extends ahout 30 miles from E. to ,\V. near 25 from N. to S. is about 96 in circumference, and contains 560,000 acres. . It lies in the diocefe of London, is divided into 6 hundreds, and contains 13 market-towns, 81 vicarages, 192 parifhes, 10 parks, 550 villages, and about 1I2,200 inhabitants; but fends only 4 members to parliament, 2 for the county, and 2 for the town of Leiceiter. The air of this county is very healthful, but the foil is different in different parts; in the S. W. it is rich and plentiful, both for corn and pafl:ure; but fo deHitute of fuel, that the inha bitants are forced to burn dried cow-dung. In this part there are, however, fine meadows on the banks of the Avon. The N. E. part, efpeciaHy about the river W reke, is mofl:ly barren, moun,\, tainous, and rocky; but affords plenty of wood and pit-coal, and feeds vafl: numbers of fheep, which here, and in Lincolnfhire, are the largefl: mutton with which the London markets are fupplied, and have the greatefl: fleeces of wool of any in England; nor is the woollefs fine on account of its quantity, and, fome few places excepted, is the longefl: fl:aple in the whole ifland. The (beep-breeding country reaches from the river Anker, on the confines of Warwickfhirc, to the; Humber. at the farthefl: end of Lincolnfhire, which is near 100 miles in length; and from the banks of the Trent, in Lincolnfhire and Lei.cefl:erfhire, to thofe of the Oufe, which is above 6<;> miles in breadth. The horfes fed here are alfo the largefl: in England, they being generally the great black coach and dray horfes, of which fuch numbers are continually fent up to London. Indeed, mofl: of the ge~tlemen are graziers, and in [orne places it is not uncommon for thefe to rent from 500 to 2000 I. a year. '. In fhort, this county produces wheat, barley; peas, and oats; but its mofl: natural and plen tiful crops are of beans.

Antiquities. " Leicefl:er Abbey, the Newark Hofpital, St. Margaret's, &c . .. Ulvefcroft Priory, W. of Mount Sorrel, near Bradon Hill . ... Olvefl:on or Owefl:on Priory, N. E. of Bilfden, towards Rutland. " Grace-Dieu Nunnery, E. of Afhby-de-la-Zouch, W. of Loughborough • .. Belvoir Came, on the borders of Lincolnfhire, founded J090. Bradgate, N. N. W. of Leicefl:er . • Afhby-de-la-Zouch, near the N. W. border towards Derbyfhire, and Church. Melton-Mowbray Church, on the \Vreke, S.W. of Walton.

Scenes and Situations. Bradon Hill, in Charnwood or Charley Ford!:, W. of l'.10unt SorrelJ; thl! profpetl: extends to the '\Vrekin, Lincoln, &c.

Hottfes, Parks, Plantatiol1!. Stanton Harold. N. of Afhby-de-Ia-Zouch. Gropefhill, or Gopfall, N. W. of Bofworth, by Woolfe, Donnington Park, near Loughborough, N. ,\Y. Stapleford, S. E. of Melton-Mowbray. E LIN G 0 LN. LIN COL N S H IRE.

INCOLNSHIRE takes its name from the city of Lincoln, which by the antient BritolU' L was called Lindcoit, and by the Saxons LincoJlfcire. It is bounded on the N. by York. :!hire, from which it is divided by the Humber; on the E. by the German Ocean; on the S. by Cambridgeiliire and Northamptoniliire; and on the W. by Rutlandthire, Leicefi:eriliire, Not. tinghamthire, and a fmall part of Yorkiliire. It is generally reckoned almofi: 60 miles from N. to S. and in the middle, where widefi:, 35 i but, according to Templeman, it is 67 miles in length, and 43 in breadth; and is 180 miles round, containing 1,74°,300 acres. It is generally divided into three parts, namely, Holland on the S. E. fide, Kefl:even on the S. \V. and Lindfay on the N. which lafl: divifion is the largefl:, for it in. eludes all that lies N. of Lincoln city, and the Forte-dyke, which King Henry I. cut betweea the Witham and the Trent. This county is fubdivided into 3 provinces, and 30 hundreds, anef contains I city, 5 parliamentary boroughs, 35 market-towns, 256 vicarages, 1500 houfes, and abdut 202,900 inhabitants. It is in the diocefe of Lincoln, and fends 12 members to parliament, 2 fOf the county, and 2 for each of the following places, Lincoln, Stamford, Grantham, Bolton, and Grimiby. This county is well watered with rivers, the principal of which are, the Trent, which walhes the wefl:ern edge of the county, and falls into the Humber, the northern boundary; the Wi., tham, which, rifing in the S. W. of the county, runs northward, till it receives the FolTh-dyke at Lincoln, where it turns to the S. E. and at length falls into the German Ocean below Bollon~ and the Weiland, which parts this county from Northamptoniliire, running through Holland divilion alfo into the German Ocean. . With refpeCt to the air of this county, it mufl: be obferved according to its three grand divi~ fions. That of Holland, as it is partly under water, and the refi of it moiil and fenny, mufi be bad· Kefl:cven is more falubrious, it being lefs affeCl:ed with the fogs from the fen country, and its foil more fruitful. Lindfay is generally efieemed healthy, efpecially on the wefiern fide. The foil is ill moll places very rich. Antiquities. Lincoln Minfier, lit Palace, * Cafile, and '* John of Gaunt's Houfe in Lincoln. '* Somerton Cafile, S. \V. of Lincoln, near the Heath, founded 734 • .. Torkfey Hall, on the Trent, S. of Gainiborough. it Temple-Bruer, on the middle of Lincoln Heath. ~ Moor Tower, near Horncafile. ~ Barlings Abbey, E. of Lincoln. * Tupholme Priory, near Lincoln, to S. E. '. Tatterfball Cafile, in the fens, N. W. of Bofion. Bofl:on Church, in the fens, on the Witham. '* Thornton College, near Barton, on the Humber, 1170. Grantham Church. * Crowland Abbey, 716, and Bridge, in the fens, 10 miles N. of Peterborough '* Kirkficd Church, in upper Holland, S. of Bofl:on, II 39. • '" Lout? Church, N. N. E. of Horncafl:le, 1139. Sempenngham Monafiery, E. of Folkingham. Crowle Church. St. Leonard's Church, near Stamford. • Scrivclby Hall, near Horncafile. Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Belvoir Cafl:le, \\T. of Grantham, and Bettefworth Church Grimfihorpe, S. E. of Grantham, by Vanburgh. • Uffington, 2 miles N. E. from Stamfosd. MIDDLESEX. 0

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- 10 MID D L ESE X.

~ IDDLESEX is bounded on the N. by Hertfordfhire; on the S. by the river Thames, which divides it from Surry; on the W. by the river CaIne, which feparates it from uckinghamfhire; and on the E. by the river Lee, which divides it from Efiex. It extends about M24 miles in length, but hardly 18 in breadth, and is not more than 95 in "ircumference, containing 247 000 acres: but, as it comprehends the two vail: cities of London and \Yeflmini1:er, which are fitu~ted in the S. E. part of the county, it is by far the wealthieil: and moil: populous county in England. It is divided into 6 hundreds and 2 liberties, containing npafifh~s, belides a vail: num ber of chapels of eafe, and 5 market-towns, ex~lulive of the cities of London and \VeHmin!l:er. The air is very pleafant and healthy, to which a fine gravelly lail does not a little contribute. The foil produces plenty' of corn, and the county abounds with fertile meadows and gardener3 grounds. In a word, the greater part of.this county is fa prodiKioufiy affi!1:ed by the rich compofl from London, that the whole of the cultivated part may be conhdered as a garden. The natural producnons of this county are cattle, corn, and fruit; but its manufactures are too many to be enumerated here, there being hardly a fingle manufatlure pratlifcd in Great Britain, but what is alfo praaifed in this county. Antiquities.

~ Wefiminll:er Abbey and Hall, '" Tower of London, Great St. Bartholomew's near Smithfield, Temple Church in the Inner Temple, Guildhall in King-fireet, Somerfet Houfe by John of Padua and Inigo Jones, Ely Haufe in Holborn, St. John's Gate near Clerkenweil, 'Valtham Crofs near Edmonton, Hampton Court Palace, on the Thames, S. S. W. of Twickenham, Hanwortn 'V. of Twickenham, and a great variety of places in London and \Veflminller.

Scenes and Situatiom. Harrow on the Hill, E. N. E. of Uxbridge. Twickenham, on the Tha~s, S. ·of"Ifieworth, and the Meadows. Highgate and Hampfiead Heath, N. of London. Milhill, N. of London. Houfes, P.arks, Plantation!.

III Sion Haufe, near Illeworth and the Thames, 1414, altered by Adam and BrO\vnc. Holland Haufe, W. of London, part by Inigo Jones. Gunnerlbury, near Ealing and Acton, by Inigo Jones. Chifwick, W. of Hammerfmith, by Lord Burlington. Mr. Wyndham's, at Hammerfmith, by Morris and Servandoni. Spencer Haufe, in St. James's-place, by Vardy and Gen. Gray. Cheflerfield Houfe, in May-fair, by Mr. Brifiol and 'V are . .. Banquettinll Houfe, at Whitehall, by Inigo Jones, and P. P. Rubem-. Mufeum, in Great RufI'el-fheet, BloomlbulY, by Pouget. Bedford Houfe, in B1oomlbury-fquare. Ormond Houfe, in Great Ormond-fireet. . Marlborough Haufe, in Pall-mall, by Sir Chrifi. Wren. Q.yeen's Haufe, in St. james's Park, by Capt. W~nne. Lindley Haufe, in Lincoln's-inn-fields, by Inigo Jones. . Burlington Haufe, in Piccadilly, the court anil front by the Earl of BurlIngton and Campbell. . ,. Northumherland Houfe, at Charing-crofs, by Bern. Janfen, Ger. Chrillma" &c. Adelphi Buildings, in the Strand. Manfion Haufe, Royal Exchange, the Bank, &c. &c. in London. Rarbers Surgeons HaJJ, in Monkwell Street, part by Inigo Jonl:s. Tlfe Exche((uer, joinino- to W cfbninfier Hall. Twickenham Houfe, n~ar Twickenham. lckenham, near Uxbridge Common. E 2 M01\ ;\IOUTHSHIRL M 0 N M 0 U T H S H IRE.

ONMOUTHSHIRE was formerly a part of Wales, and as Cuch is defcriberi by Camdel\ M and other authors; but all the later writers have placed it in England. It is bounded on the N. by Her;:forolhire ; on the E. by Gloucefiedhire; on the S. by the river Severn; and on the ,V. by the \Velch counties of Brec:knock and Glamorgan. Its extent from N. to S. is about 29 mi!cs, from E. to W. 20, in circumference 84, containing 340,000 acres. It is fubdivided into fix hundreds, and contains feven market-towns, 127 parifhes, about 6494 houfes, 38,900 inhabi. tants; but fenos only three members to parliament, one for Monmouth, and two for the county. The a;r is temperate and healthy, and the foil fruitful, though mountainous and woody. The hilL feed iheep, goats, and horned cattle, and the vallies produce plenty of grafs and corn, cf. peciaJly of the latter, of which there is as good wheat as in any county in the kingdom. The county is extremely well watered by feveral fine rivers; for, be/ides the Wye, which parts it from Glouccllerlhire, the Mynow, which runs between it and Herefordlhire, and the Rum. my, which divides it from Glamorganlhire, it has peculiar to itfel£ the UIk, which enters this county a little above Abergavenny, runs momy fouthward, and falls into the Severn by the muuth of the Ebwith; which lall river runs from N. to S. in the wefiern /ide of the county. AJI thcfe rivers, efpecially the Wye and UIk, abound with filh, particularly falmon and trout.

Antiquities. • Chepllow Came, on the Wye, near its junaion with the Severn, three miles from Aufl:ferry. . . • Tinterne Abbey, on the Wye, and Views from Four-Acres Meadow, beyond theAb- bey Orchard, N. of Chepllow, eight miles by water, 113 r • .,. Caldecot Came, on the 5...f!rogey, near the coaft and Severn fea . .. Newport Came, on the UIk, near its mouth, 22 miles from Abergavenny. '* Ulk Came, on the fame"river • ... Ragland Came, N. E. of the lafi, 12 miles from Chepfiow. • Skinfrith Came, on the Mynow • .. Grifmond Came, on the fame • ... White Cafl:le, E. N. E. of Abergavenny• ... Llanthony or Llandevi, Nanthodeny Cafile, ·on the Hodney, among Hatterell Hills. Monmouth, at the confluence of the Wye and Mynow, and the View from :EngliLh. Newton Hill, one mile and an half N. from the town.

Seen!s and Situations. ~he Road fromChepfiow to Ragland, and thence to Monmouth. 'I he ~~gar-Ioaf mountain, View from the top, four miles from Abergavenny, other. WIfe called Pena-y-Vale,' 21 miles from Chepflow. \Vay by water down the Wye from Monmouth to Chepfiow, chiefly at WhitebrooJc, Pdfan, Llandoo-ger, &c. Vale of AbergavenA'y and Colebrook Park.

Houfe!., Parks, tmd Plantations. Porsfield, near Chepfiow, and the View from \Vinacliff above it.

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ORFOLK is bounded by the German Ocean on the E. and N. by Cambridgeihirc on the. N W. and by Suffolk on the S. It is above 57 miles in length from E. to W. 35 in breadth from N. to S. and 140 in circumference, containing 1,148,000 acres, or an area of 1426 Iquare miles. It is divided into 31 hundreds, in which are one city, 32 market-towns, 164 vicarages, 660 pa rillies, 711 vj1lages, about 47,180 houfes, and 283,000 inhabitants. This county is in the dio~ cefe of Norwich, and fends J2 memhers to parliament, namely, two for the county, and tWe} for each of the following boroughs, Norwich, Lynn-Regis, Yannouth, Thetford, and Cail:le .. Riling. The air of this county, near the fea-coail:, is aguilli, and otherwife unfalutary; but in the inland parts, it is both healthy and pleafant, though frequently piercing. The foil is more va rious than perhaps that of any other county, and comprehends all the forts that are to be found in the ifiand, arable, pail:ure, mcadow, woodlands, light fandy ground, deep clays, heaths, and fens. The worft of thefe are far from being unprofitable, the fandy heaths feeding fheep and breeding rabbits, and even the fens affording rich pail:ure for cattle.

Antiquitits. Lynn St. Margaret Church, on the mouth of Oufe, St. Nicholas's Chapel, &c. ,.. Thetford Priory, on the Little Oufe, near the borders of Suffolk, founded "03. '* Caftle-Riling Caftle, N. E. of Lynn. Buckenham Cillle, S. E. of Aldborough . ... Wymondham or Wyndham Abbey, N. E. of Attleborough. Norwich Cathedral, • Caftle, Churches, &c . ... Caftle-Acre Priory and Caftle, N. of Swaffham, 1°90 • ... Wallingham Priory, N. of Fakenham, 1020. " Binham Priory, N. E. of Wallil1gham . ... Creak Priory, S. S. E. of Burnham, 1206. • Bromholme Priory, near the coaft, S. E. of Cromer, III]. Yarmouth Great Church, 22 miles E. of Norwich.

Scenes and Situations. Eafton, N. W. of Norwich. Houfes, Parks, Plantations. Stow Bardolph, N. E. of Downham. Hunftanton, near St. Edmund's Cape, on the N. coaft. Holkham, W. of Wells, by Brettingham. Houghton, S. W. of Wallil1gham, by Ripley. Rainham, W. of Falaenham. Rlicklil1g, N. W. of',!\ylefham. Kimberley Park, N. W. of Wyndham. Oxborough, N. of Methwold or Mewell. • Medon Confrable. '

NOR THAMPTON. NOR T HAM P T 0 -N S H IRE.

ORTHAMPTONSHIRE is bounded on the S. by Buckinghamihire; on the W.'&y N Warwicklhire and Oxfordlhire; and as it runS" in a narrow traa towards the N. E. in the form of a boot, it therefore borders upon more counties than any other in England; for on the N. it is bounded by Leicefierlhire, Rutlandfhire, and Lincolnfhire, from whence it is parted by. the rivers Weiland and Littl,. Avon; aDd on the E. by Bedfordlhire, Huntingdonth(re, and Cambridgefhire. Some make it 55 miles from S. W. to N. E. 26 in the broadeil: part from E. to W. and 125 in compafs. Others reckon it 45 where longefi, 20 where broadeil:, and about 120 in circum ference, containing 500,000 acres. Mr. Templeman computes the length at 5 r, the breadth at 21, and the [quare miles at 683. In this area it is [aid to contain 330 pariihes, including 1 city, J 1 market-towns, 25,000 hou[es, and 150,000 inhabitants. The air of this county is fo exceedingly pleafant and wholefome, by reafon of its difl:ance from the fea, and all manner of marlhes (excepting that (mall traa called the Fen-land about Peter borough), that the nobility and gentry have more feats and parks here than there are in any other county in England of equal bignefs, there being [carce a village in it but has one, or more. And though the low grounds in the above-mentioned traa, towards Lincolnlhire and Cam bridgelhire, are often overflowed by great falls of water from the uplands in the rainy feafon, yet the inhabitants never fuffer it to il:ay long, even in the winter, fo as to prejudice the air, of which the healthfulnefs of the people is a plain proof.. ··. Its foil is very fruitful, both in tillage and:palturage;' but it is not well il:ocked with wood, nor, by reafon of its difiance from the fea, can"1~',be fuppli~d with coal as duly as other counties; fo that winter fue! here is extremely dear. It ';jlioundswith !beep, cattle, wool, pigeons; arid fait-petre; and it has been. obferved, that there is lefs waite ground in this than in any other county of England, there being but one barren heath in it, and that near Whittering. It is a plain, level county, and fo populous, that from fome places may be feen no lefs dian thirty fteeples at one view. Its manufactures are ferges, tammies, {balloons, boots, and lhoes.

Antiquities. Peterborough Cathedral. Fotheringhay Church, Cafl:le, College, N. of Oundle. '" Barnwell Cafl:le, S. E. of Oundle, rounded 1132• '" Drayton Houfe, W. of Thraplton. Luffwick Church, near the lail:. '" Higham-Ferrers College and Church • .. Rockingham Cafl:le, 011 the WeJIand, 1080• .. Little Billing Priory, near the Nine E of North a t ,*' ' - mp on. Daventry Pnory, on the borders of Warwicldhire • .• Holdenby Houfe, N. of Althorp. Brackley-Hofpital Chapel, N. "V. of Buckingham. ~een's Cro[s~ near Northampton to the S. !I C .E S 'r

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NOR T HAM P TON S H IRE.

King's-Sutton Church,"on the Charwell, N. of Aynhoe. Irthingborough Church. Glinton Chapel. Brington Chur~h, ,,\V. of Althorp. Northborough Church. Oundle Church, on the Nine, N. E. of Thrapilon. Geddington Crofs, N. of Kettering. Exton Church,s miles N. E. of Northampton. Stow, nine Churches, Eo of Fawe{!ey, S. E. of Daventty,

Scenes and Situations. Views from the hill between Great Billing and Overton, N. E. of Northampton. View from Hall Field, at Kettering. View from Hard-Hill Meer, between Kingiled and Rance. View from Buth Hill, in Archeiler Field, S. E. of Wellingborough. View down the Nine, from Clifford and Ecton Hills. View up the Welland from Stamford. View down the Weiland from Brampton Park, E. S. E. of Harborough. View from Eltington Hill, W. of Nafeby. View from Burrow Hill, near Daventry. View from Rydon Hill, near Hellidon, S. ,\-V. of Daventry. Walk from the George Inn, St. Martin's, Stamford, to ,\-Vathrop Grove, and ort to Eafron.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. Burleigh Houfe, E. of Stamford. Lilford, on the fame, S. W. of Oundle. Boughton, N. E. of Kettering. Althorp, N. E. of Northampton. CalHe Athby, N. W. of Welling borough, S. of Northampton, part by Inigo Jones. Fawefley, S. of Daventry. - Stoke Park, E. of Towcefl:er, by Inigo Jones. Whaddon, W. of Stony Stratford. Thorp, near the Nine, W. of Peterborough,

NORTHLUMBERN AD. NOR T HUM B E R LAN D.

ORTHuMBERLAND is feated in the extremity of Engl-and next to Scotland, and i. N bounded on the E. by the German ocean; on the S. by the bi!h()pric of Durham and Cum_ berland; on the S. W. by Cumberland; and on the N. W. and N. by Scotland, from which it' is feparated by the river Tweed. It extends about 66 miles in length from N. to S. and 4S in breadth from E. to W. is I H miles round, and contains 1,37°,000 acres. Northumberland contains 12. market-towns, nine vicarages, 460 parilhes, about 22,740houfes, and 126,400 inhabitants. It is in the diocefe of Durham, and fends eight members to parliament, namely, two for the county, and two for each of the following boroughs, Newca/Ueupon Tyne, Morpetb, and Berwick upon Tweed. The air of this county is not fo cold as might be imagined from the latitude in which it lies; for its fituation between two feas in the narrowdl: part of England gives it the advantage of hav ing the cold moderated by the vapours of each; and for this reafon the fnow feldom lies long in Northumberland, except on the tops of high hills. The air is extremely healthful, and the people, who generally live to a great age, are feldom affliCted with ficknefs. The foil is various, the eallern part, which is fruitful, having very good wheat and moft forts of corn, and rich meadows on the banks of the rivers; but the wellern part is generaIIy barren, it being moftly heathy. and mountainous. . The S. E. part abounds with pit-coal, of which 600,000 chaldrons are computed to be annually !hipped from thence for Lonuon. There are alfo large quantities of lead and timber. The county gives title of Duke to the noble and ancient family of Percy. The rivers caufe the country to be well watered, and afford great plenty of falmon and trout. The principal of thefe are the Tyne, the Tweed, and the Cocket.

Antiquities. " Tinmouth Monallery, on the coaft, at the mouth of Tyhe, founded 1070. A Prudhoe Caftle, S. of Tyne, to S. W. of Newcaftle. '* Bothall Callie, Church~ and Chapel, on the Wantfpeck, E. of Morpeth • ... Warkworth Cafile and Hermitage, on the Cocket, near the coaft. " Dunllaburgh Cafile, on the coaft, N. of Bowmer and Rumble Churn. " Belfo Callie, S. W. of Morpeth, two miles from Harnham. • \Viddrington Cafile, on the coaft, S. of Warkworth. '* Ramburgh Came, on the coaft, E. S. E. of Belford • ... Alnwick Callie, Abbey, and Hull Abbey near it, to N. on the Alne. '* Holy Illand Monallery, in an ille N. E. of Belford. '" Chillin!rham Callie and Church, on the Bremi!h, S. E. of Woller. • Horton Came, N. E. of ·Woller. '" Rrinkburn Priory, on the Cocket, S. E. of Rothbury. • Norham Came and Church, on the Tweed, fix miles S. W. of Tweed mouth. Hexham Monaftery and Church, on the Tyne, W. of ,Corbridge•. Biwell Came, on the Tyne, S. W. of Prudhoe. Dilfton Caftle, near the Tyne, S. E. of Hexham. Blanchland Priory, on the Darwent, S. of Hexham. Langley Caftle, E. S. E. of Beltingham, one mile N. E. tlf Hayd

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NOR T HUM B E R LAN D.

Scmes and Situations. Vale of Tyne from Neweafile to Hexham, the bridle-way. Readfdale, and the Fall of the Chet!up, near CatcIugh and Read/hire; Chethup fall~ 70 feet. Top of Cheviot Hill, near "Voller, to S. W. Ghriftenbury Crag, on the W. border towards Cumberland, N. E. of Bew Cofile. Crag Lough, to N. of the Roman Wall, near the 31 mile £lone, on the Military Way. Tacket near Symondburn, N. W. of Wall wick, Fall of the Rivulet and Cavern above it. Staward Ie Pee!, E. of the river Allen, and the View from High Staward along the Allen; it lies S. S. E. of Bettingham. Newbiggen, View from the Church-yard, on the eoafl-, E. of Bothall. Kiley, a village on the left of the Berwick road, five miles N. of Belford. Cornhill, S. of the Tweed, the View near the New Bridge. Tillmouth Chapel, between the Till and the Tweed at their junc1:ion. Shidlaw, a hill near Carham and Wark Caflle. Watchlaw, a hill, four miles E. of Etall. Glanton Pike, near the Woller road and Whittingham. Linie! Law, near Efllee, N. W. of Morpeth.

Haufes, Parks, and Plantations. Chipchace, near the N. Tyne, to N. W. of \Valwick. Beaufont, on the Tyne, almoa oppo{ite Hexham. The Hermitage, on the Tyne, oppo{ite to Hexham. Biwell, N. of the Tyne, S. W. of Ovingham. Ovingham, N. of the Tyne, oppo{ite Prudhoe Cafl-le. Clofe Houfe, N. of the Tyne, oppo{ite to Ryton. Alhington, on the Wandbeck, near Bothal!. Twile!l, on the Till, near its mouth, and the Bridge.

F NOT TIN G HAM S H IRE. NOT TIN G HAM S H IRE.

OTTINGHAMSHIRE takes its name from Nottingham, the county-town, called by N the Saxons Snottenganam, or a hou[e of dens, [o.called from the fpaclOus vaults cug in the rocks, in which the antient ~ritons perhaps relided. This county i.s rema~kable for its being bounded on the lour cardinal pOInts of the compa[s by four fingle counties, a clrcumitance whicn is not found in the fituation of any other county in England. On the N. it borders upon York. fhire; on the E. on Lincolnfhire; on the S. on Leicell:erfhire; and on the W. on Derbyihire. It extends +i miles in length, 27 in breadth, 90 in circumference, and contains 560,000 acres. Thi~ county, whicll.lies in th~ diocefe of Yor.k, is divided into 6 wapentakes, and contains 9 market-towns, 168 panfhes, 94 vicarages, 450 Villages, about 17,460 houfes, and 95,000 inha., bitants. It fei1ds 8 members to parliament, namely, 2 for the county, and 2 for each of the following boroughs, Nottin!;ham, Eail:-Retford, and Newark upon Trent. The air of this county is etl:'eemed exceedingly healthful, but the foil is various: the eafiern fide, which is called the clay, is very fruitful, and yields great plenty of corn and grafs; but the wefiern parts, which are named the fand, are lefs fertile, being generally very woody, and in fom~ places barren. The chief commodities are pit-coal, of which there is great plenty; and a kind of frone fomewhat like alabail:er, but not fo hard, which when burnt, makes a plaifier harder than that of Paris, with which the inhabitants generally plailler the floors of their upper-rooms, inflead of boarding them ..Their other commodities are malt, wool,liquorice, wood, lilli, and fow\... Their manuf.1Etures chiefly confifl: of frame-woI;k-knitting, glafs, and earthen-ware.

Antiquities. "* Newfl:cd Abbey, ncar Man,shcld,- JO·i1liles from Nottingham. Hardwick Haufe, near the faine. ,. V/lIbcck Abbey, ncar \V~rkfop, N .. of the lail: • .. N cwark Came and Church\ 'Qn. the 'Trent. + Southwell Chur<>h and Palace; 'V:ofthe lail:, founded 153,0 •. .:; Thurgarton Priory, near Newark. 'Vollaton, '\'. of Nottingham. * Nattin~ham Church and Cel-Is, near the Trent. Blyth Church, S. S. W. of Bawtry. '" Retford Abbey, 1103.

Scenes and Situations. Clifton, 3 miles S. 'V. from Nottingham. Crefiwcll Crag, \\'. of , Veil bank. Road from Newark to Nottingham, near the Trent.

Houfts, Parks, and Plantations. '* vVorkfop Manor, S. of Blythe. Thorefby, S. E. of Welbeck by Carr. RufFord, E. N. E. of Mansfield • ... 1\ ottinsham c.:fl:le.

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Scenes and SituatiollS. Shiplake, on the Thames, S. of Henley. ,. . Stoken Church Hill, N. E. of \Vatlington, \ lell' from It. Whiteham Hill, N. \V. of Oxford.

HartJes, Parks, and Plantatiens. Blenheim Houfe, near \Voodflock, 7t miles from Ox~ord, by Vanburgh and Browne. Ditchley, N. E. of Charlebury, 5 miles from Blenheim. Cavedham, or Caufam; N. E. of Reading, by Browne. Combury, W. of Charlebury, by North Stone. Newnham, 5 miles S. E. of Oxford. Hardwicke, near the Thames, \V. of Maple-Derham.. . Kirklington Park, N. E. of Wood frock, by Sand~r{on, Smith, and fliowne. Rou(ham, N. E. ofWoodll:ock, by Kent. Burford Houfe, and Pictures. Barrington Park, N. W. of Rurford. Wro"ton, near Banbury. RUT I AND F 2 J ; RUT LAN D S H IRE.

UTLANDSHIRE, the leaf! of all the counties in England, is bounded on the N. arul. R N. E. by Lincolnlhire ; on the S. and S. E. by Northamptonlhirc; and on the S. W. and N. \Y. by Leicellerfhire; extending from N. to S. about 15 miles, from E. to W. 10, and about 40 in circumference, containing I IO,COO acres. This county is divided into five hundreds, in which are only ~wo market-towns, I) vicarages, 48 parilhes, 1 r I villages, about 3260 houfes. and 16,100 inhabitants. It lies in the diocefe of Peterborough, and fends only two members to parliament, which are the two knights for the 1l1ire. The air is fweet and falubrious, it being quite clear from fogs and mifts. Rutlandlhire is extremely well watered; for, befides the WeIland, which walhe, the S. and S. E. borders, and the Gualh or Walh, which interfe8s the county from E. to \V. quite through the middle of it, there are abundance of fmIll rivers and brooks, which fall into them on all fides. They all afford plenty of excellent filh, which makes fame amend, for the want of fea-filh, from which the inhabitants are in a great meafure debarred by their in land fituation. The foil is very fruitful in corn and pallure, which feeds great numbers of cattle. efpecia.lly lheep. The V:lle of Catmofe, in which Okeham llands, is not inferior in point of fertility to the Vales of White-Horfe and Belvoir. The following fillgular cullom has,_ f~om ancient times, prevailed at Okeham: the lidl: time any peer of the realm arrives withlll the ~irecin8s of this lordlhip, whether on horfeback, or in a carri2ge, he forfeits a lhoe from one of his'horfes, or gives a fum of money in lieu thereof. In this lall cafe a lhoe is made according to his direction, ornamented in proportion to the fum given, and generally nailed to the c;tflle hall-door. Some of the fuoes, thus obtained, are of very curious WOl kmanlhip, with the names of the donors llamped on them; and others are re markable a!fo for their fize, particularly one over the feat where the jt.ldge fits at the affizes~ which is admirably wrought, five feet and a half long, and proportionably broad. In cafe of re fuCal both of lhoe and money, the bailiff of the manur has a power of enforcing thll cuftom by fcizure of the former.

Antiquities•

.;> Okeham Caflle. Tickcncote Church, \V. of Callerton.

Scenes and Situations.

View of North Lufr'enham, S. W. of Stamford. Road from near Stamford to Uppingham.

Haufes, Parks, and Plantatiol'JJ. Burley on the Hill, E. of Okeham. }:xton, E. of Burley.

SHROPSHIRE. .I"":J'I:7fl:ji""'U;mukn I07~a1tha= L ..E I C ..E 8-

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/IiI S H R 0 P S H I R l!:

HROPSHIRE obtained its name from that given by the Saxons to Shrewfbury, which they Scalled Scrobbefberig, which lignifies a town built on a woody hill. It is bounded on the N. by Flindhire, in Wales, and Chefhire; on the E. by Staffordlhire and \Vorcefierfhirc ; on the S. by Worcefierfhire, Hercfordfhire, and Radnorihire, in "Vales; and on the "V. hy the \Velch counties of Radnor0ire, Montgomeryfhire, and Denbighihire. It extenus about 38 miles in length from N. to S. 30 in breadth, and 140 in circumference, and contains 890,000 acres. This county lies partly in the diocefe of Litchfield and Coventry, anu partly in that of Here ford; and is divided into 14 hundreds, in which are contained 16 m~lrkct-t<)\Vm, 52 vicara:;cs, J70 parifhes, 615 villages, with about 22,~80 houCes, and 113,680 inhabitants, It fends 12 11],111- bers to parliament; that is, two for the county, and two for each of the following towns; Shrewfbury, Ludlow, Bridgcnorth, Wenlock, and Bilhop's Came. The air of Shropfhire is falubrious, and not very lharp, except on the hills. The foil is ge nerally fruitful, efpeciaTly in the northern and eafiem parts", which produce plenty of wheat and barley; but the fouthern and wefiern, being mountainous, are Icfs fertile, yet yield fufficient pa{ lure for fheep and cattle. Under the furface are mines of lead, copper, iron, fione, and iriex haufiible coal-pits. O,er mofi of the coal-pits lies a firatum of a blackifh, hard, porous tub llance, containing great quantities of bitumen, which being ground to powder in horie-mills~ and boiled in coppers of water, there fwims on the furface a bituminous matter, which, byeva poration, is brought to the confifience of pitch, or, by th~ help of an oil difiilled from the fame Ilone, and mixed with it, may be thinned'to a fr>rt of tar: both thefe fubllances ferve particu larly for caulking offhips, as well, if not better, than pitch or tar, it being Iefs liable t

Antiquities.

* Snrewfbury Came 'and Abbey, on the Severn., founded 1083' II< Haghmon Priory, N. E. of Shrew{bury, liDO.

oj!- Bildewas or Billings Abbey, on the Severn, S. of \Vrekin, 115.1. * ACton Burnel Cafile, S. S. E. of Shrewfbury. '" Wenlock Abbey, S. of Bildewas, N. W. of B'ridgenorth, 103r.

it LillefhullPriory, S. W.ofNewport. ". Stoke Cafile, on the Tern, S. S. W. of Drayton . ... Tong Came, E. of Shiffnel, towards Staffordfhire, and the Church where the Ver- nons are buried. * Ludlow.Cafile and Church, at the junction of the Temd and Corve, 109.1 •. • Hoptonbtfile, W. N. W. of the lall. -II Clun Cafile, on the Clun, N. \V. of Hopton Cafile. Whitchurch Church, N. W. of Drayton. it Hales-Owen Abbey. S H R 0 P S H 1 R E.

Scenes and Situations. Town of Bridgenorth, on the Severn. Caer Caradoc, at the junction of the Clun and Temd, called Qllardoc hill, neat Church Stretton. The \Vrekin Hill, E. S. E. of Shrew!bury, 1398 feet abo\'c the level of the [ca. Colebrook Dale, W. S. ·W. of ShifFnaJ. Endnrfs Woods, four miles N. of Bridgenorth. View of the Severn, near Qyatford, to the W. in the Way from KideJerminfl:er to Bridgenorth, and from Qyatford Church-yard. Way from Ludlow to Montgomery. Stiper/lone Clee, near Norbury, to the N. 1800 feet high and upwards. View frolll the Bowling Green at EJlefmere, N. \I'. of O[wdl:ry. Amen Hill, five miles from Shrew!bury. "Vay from Church Stretton to Ludlow, I] miles. Tittcrftone's Hill, or the Glee, E. of Ludlow, in the way to Bewdley. Pimhill Hill, near Shrew!bury. Coed-y-Graig, View frem the Rock called Craig-Wen, a Hill near Llan-y-minycb; ill the way from Welch pool, fix miles from Ofweftry; Kyrn-y-Buch, a hill near Ofweftry. The Morf, View frol"\1 the corner, a common near Bridgenorth. The Edge, View from it, 2 miles W. of \Venlock.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantations.

Mr. Kynall:on's, ~ear Ellefmere, S. W. of Whitchurch. Sir Edward Blunt's, between Bewdley and Ludlow. Okely Park, near Ludlow. Acton Burnell, S. S. E of Shrew(bury. Sir Rowland Hill's, N. of Shrew(bury.

SOMERSET-

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OMERSETSHIRE is bounded on the N. by Glouedl:cdhire and the Brifiol C"l 1:,ne1; on the E. by \Vildhire j on t:le W. by Devon!hire; and 011 the S. by Devoniliire ;\.\ Dorlct §. ire. It is computed to be 62 miles in kn::;th, 32 in breadth, and 150 in circumfercnce, and Ci>ntains 1,075,000 acres. ~ Somerfcdhire, .which is fituatcd in the dioeef\! of Briil:ol, el1'\ ;11 th~t of 1;.1(:1 and \\1 ells, is di yided into 42 hundreds, and contains about 132 I'icarages, 385 pariilics, three cities, 31 market towns, 56,000 h~JUfcs, 3(;0,000 inhabitants, and fends 18 11lcmbcn to parli;lll1'Lr, II;JI',J", l-.vo knights of the ililre, and two burgeifes for the following tOWI1:, Briil:vl, Batil, \V Ll:., T.lU.l ton, Bridgewater, Minehead, Ivelchel1er, and Milborn-Port. The air of Somerfetiliire is, in the lower grounds, univerfally milrl, and generally whr:>i:;-)mc:. The foil is various; the lower grounds, except where it is boggy, villl] :,:rcJ.t quantities of com ~nd grafs; the hilly parts ar_c iefs fertile-, yet in many places, by the heli.'. l,f art .md indull:ry, iopd crops of corn are raIled, and where they arc moD: barren th:v :1::ord pallure for lhcep. though where there are mines the grars is difcolourcd, anJ the {heep t:1:1t feed upon it are linall ~d big-bellied. The country about Taunton is cxc~dins rich, anl ;\r;;Jrcis the greateil: plenty of corh, grafs, and rich fruit for eyder. \Vithin the mountains are mines of lead and lapis CI Iatnlnaris. The commodities produced by this county are corn, cattle, lead, woad L'r clyeing, Chedd.er .che~fe, lapis ca!amin"~i,;, and Brillol fl:ones. It is alfo one of the ~~r~:>tcfl: clothing-counties III England: the manufactures are chIefly fine cloths, druggets, duro)", 1hal loons, ferges, cantaloons,. knit itockings, &c. in which vall numbers are employed.

Antiquities. Bath Cathedral, &c. Briftol Cathedral, St. Mary Radcliffe, and St. Stephens, s.c. * Farley Caftle, S. E. of Bath. * N unye Came, S. \V. of Froome. * Wells Cathedral and Palace. * Glaftonbury Abbey, S. W. of "Vells and the Torr, 30. * Montacute Priory, \V. of helchefier, Ie71. * Stoke-Courcy Call1e, N. W. of Bridgewater. ,* Dunfl:er Caftle, on the coail:, near MIl1chcad, to S. E. Bridgewater CaHk. Witham Friery, ncar Froome.

Sewn and Situations. Wokie Hole, in Mendip, near \Vells. Chedder Rocks, N. \V. of "Vells, ncar Axbridge. Calamet Hill, or Arthur's Palace, N. E. of Evill, othCT\\i(c CaJbury Came. ~antock Hills, S. S. E. of IVatchet, near the coaft. Brent-Knowl, a hill N. E. of Bridgewater. Mcndip Hills. Lands Down and Claverton Down, near B;1th. Durdham Down, near Brinol, and BriHol Hot \\' clls. View from the Brow of Mendip Hills, in the \\fay from Sherborne to Bath. Upper Briftol Road, about the 2e1 and 3d mile-il:one from [; .. :il. HOllfes, Perks, and Pla;;talions. Prior Park, near Bath. Hinton St. George, N. E. of Chard·. 'Vidcomb, S. E. of Bath. Redlinch, S. of Burton.

STAFFORDSHIRE. S T A F FOR D S H IRE.

TAFFORDSHIRE, which is fo named from Stafford, the county-town, is bounded ort the S E. by Dubj·fhire; an the S. by \Varwickiliire; on the S. and W. by Shropiliire j and on the North-weie, H. and N. E. by Chciliire and Derbyfhire. It extends 45 miles in length, 28 in breadth. L;-I in circumference, and contains 810,000 acres. This county, which lies in the aiocefe of Litchfielj and Coventry, is divided into 5 hundreds, and contains I city, 18 market~ towns, 39 \;caragcs, ISO pariilies, 670 villages, about 23,740 houfes, and 142,440 inhabitants. It fends IJ members to parliament, 2 for the county, 2 for the city of Litchfield, and 2 for each of the following towns, Stafford, Newcaltle-under-Line, and Tamworth. The air of this county is generally very good, though iliarp; efpecia!lyon the hilly part, whic&. lies between Trentham and Beach. The moor-lands, which are mountainous, and therefore reckoned th~ moll: bJ.rren, produce a iliort, but fweet grafs, and feed as large cattle as thofe or Lancailiire; the banks of the Dove in particular maintain the great dairies which fupply Ut toxetcr-market with fuch ll:ore of butter and cheefe. Great numbers of {beep are fed both in th~ northern and touthern pJ.rts; but they are fmall, and their wool coarfer than that of feveral othCl: counties; but a great deal of it is manufactured in the clothing and felting bufinefs. The arable ground is no lefs fruitful than the pall:ures; and even the moor-lands, when manured with marl and lime', mixed with turf-ailies, produce ggodoats and barley. The fouthern parts, and fome of the northern, yield wheat, rye, barley, ~H~;; flax, and hemp. \Vith regard to the fubterrancous productions, the moor and wood lands yield copper, lead, iron, marble, alaba!l:er, mill-ll:ones, exceiletJt coal, 'faIt, &c. In the more fruitful parts are feve ral marls which are ufed with great fuccefi·.on.·the lands. Here is likewife brick-earth for red h, icks, and others that burn blue; fullers-earth, potters-clay, particularly a fort uCed in the glafs-houfes; flip, a reddiili earth with which vel1'els are painted yellow, red ochre, and tobacC!> pipe-eLl)'. It likewife yields fire-fione, rocks of lime-ll:one, a kind of iron-frone called mulh, as big as the crown of a hat, and containing about a pint of a cold, iliarp, pleafant liquor, which th.: workmen are fond of; the bell: fort of iron-wares are made of this ll:one; alfo ha:matites, or blood-ll:one. The principal river in this county is the Trent, the third river in England, which, by the late inland navigation, has eo:nmunication witb the rivers Merfey, Dee, Ribble, Oufe, Trent, D:lrwent, Severn, Humber, Thames, Avon, &c. which navigation, including its windings, ex. tends above 500 miles, in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Lancall:er, Well:moreland Chcll:er, \Varwick, Leicefier, O;,,;ford, Worcefier, &c. III

Antiquities. Litchfield Cathedral. *' Tutbury Ca/He and Church, IO~ +, on the Dove, next Derbyiliire N. of Burtoll .. .. Dudley Cafile and Priory, N. \V. of Birmingham, 700. ' Ecclefual Caftle, N. W. of Stafford. * Croxtolt I",::;ililiU lfTMt-;rom£ ontiOll "0

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5 T A F FOR D S H r R E.

" Croxton Abbey, N. W. ofUttoxeter, founded IIj6. "" Alton Cafl:ie, on the Charnet, N. N. E. from the lall:, 1020. Wolverhampton Church, "V. S. W. of Waifall on the Peak. B urton upon Trent, the Bridge and Abbey. DarIafion Cafl:ie, near Stone. Ckeckley Pyramid.

Scenes and Situations. Stafford Cafl:ie Hill, I.t mile irom the town, the View. Narrowdale, N. N. W. ofOkeover and Ilam. Apewood or Abbot's Caftle; View from the hill, S. W. of WolverhamptOll, on the edge of ShropLhire. Leek Hills, in the road to Congleton. Etton Hill, between Leek and Newcaflle-under-Line.

RouJes, Parks, and Plantations. Ham, near the Dove, N. W. of ALhburn and Thorp. Cloud. Ingeil:ree, near the Trent, E. of Stafford. TickLhall, near the fame place. W olfe\ey or Oufe\y Bridge, N. W. of Litchfield. Shutborough, near Rugely, on the Trent, by Mr. Stuart. Trentham, S. E. of Newcafl:ie. Beaudefert, N. W. of Litchfield. Enville or Endfield, N. W. of StourbridZ;e. Chillington, near Wolverhampton. Chartley, N. E. of Stafford. Bromley, N. W. of EccleLhall. Preil:wood, N. of Stourbridge. Aqualate, near Norbury, S. W. of EccleLhall. Broughton, N. W. of EccleLhall. PotLhulI, near Wolverbampton.

G S U F F 0 L K. 5 U F F 0 L K.

UF F a L K is bounded on the N. by ~he rivers Waveney and the Leffer .Oufe, which part. S it from Norfolk; on the E. by the (Jermal~ Oce~n; on the S. by the. nv~r Stour, whicli' divides it from Effex; and on the W. by ~ambndgeililre. It ex~en~s ,52 ~des In len6th, 28 in breadth, 165 in circumference, an~ contallls 995,000 acres. It IS d.IvIded llltO 22 hundreds; in which are 28.market-towllS, 95 VIcarages, 52 3 Jl~nilic" 15,000 vIllag~s, 34,420 hOLlfes, and :2.06,000 inhabItants. It {ends 16 members to parlIament, namely, 2 kmghts for the !hire and 2 burocITes for each of the following boroughs; IpCwich, Dunwich, Orford, Aldborou<>h 'Sud- bury, cEye, and St. Edmondlbury, and lies ll1 the diocefe of Norwich. <> , The foil is of various qualities; that near the !hore is [;tndy and full of heaths, yet abounds in rye, peas, and hemp, with numerous flocks of ilieep. High Sufi:olk, or the Wood-lands which is the inland part of the county, though aboundin,; in wood,. has a rich deep clay and marl that yields good palture-grounds, on which feed abundance of cattle. That part which lies all the confines of E1T~x and Cambridge!hire aIfo affords excellent palture; and about Bury St. Edmund's, and fa on to the N. and N. IN. it is fruitful in corn, except towards Newmar_ ket. The feeding of cattle and !heep on turnips is {aid to have been an improvement firlt fet OIl foot in this county. Its principal produce is butter and cheefe. The principal rivers arc the vVavcney, the Deben, the Orwell, by fame called the Gippill2:. and the Stour. ~

Antiquities. ' .,. St. F dmundibury Abbey, founded 886, and Churches. * 1Nil1zfie!cl Calt!", 1C25, and Church, N. E. of Eye. '* Fr'::;h Caille, VV. of Yarmouth. b Lavenham Church, N. E. of Sudbury, or Lanham., Gipping Chapel, N. E. of Sto\V-1Vlarket. Care Church and Cal1:lc, N. \V. of Sudbury. Swke Neyland Church, S. E. of Sudbury. Eungay Great Church and Cafl:le, E. N. E. of Harleftol'l. '. Lciiton Abbey, lJ 83' Scenes and Situations. Wickham, ,fron: the .l1:eeple, S. of F.ramlingham. BUl·ltall, VIew trom It, \V. of IpfwIch. Stoke,. near Neyland, S. E. of Sudbury. vVay from Ipfwich to Harwich by water. View. from the high grounds in Stoke, port of Ipfwich, aNd from the parronage at hl6h WJter. Houfes, Parks; and Plantations.

Hengra\'e Houfe and Church, on the Lark N. ,\-V. of Bury~ Ickworth, N. \V. of Bury. ' Elilton, S. E. of Thetford. Redgrave, N. of Buddlefdale, by Browne Brame, N. E. of Eye, and the Church .• Ru!hbrook, S. of Bury. Melford Hall and Church, N. of Sudbury., Henham, E. of Halefworth., FreHon Tower, S. of Ipfwich on the Orwell 9uift Church, in Ipfwich. ' • F lllbarrow Parva, S. of Stowmarket. Seal.. of.BrthA 5mbm .Mi7e.f . ..., iii 10

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Cuilpl'd Cuilpl'd Xf s u R R Y. v R R Y is bounded on the E. by Ke!lt; on the S. by Suffex; on the V'. k Hamnfhire and S BerHhi~c; .and on the N. ~y the ~Iver. Thames, wh,ich divides it from MiddleLx. The county, which IS 'almol1 {quare, IS 34 miles 111 length, 21 Ifl breadth, 112 in circumference, and ~ntaJns 592 ,oco acres. .it contains ab~ut 35,000 houfes, 140 panlhes, I I market-towns in- ~uding Southwark, 35 vicarages, 450 vd!a~es and ~amlets,. and IiI,OOO inhabitants. ' r It is a heal~hy pleafant county. 1 he fad IS very dIfferent In the extreme parts from that in the middle. This county produces corn, box-wood, walnuts, hops, and fullers-earth. and near Darking grows a wild black cherry, of which a very pleafant wine is made, little'inferior to french ~Iaret It ha? been obfer\'ed of ~hls part o( Surry, 'hat ~he natives are generally of a pale :omplexlon, refembhng the people of Plcardy 111 France; and tnat even the cattle are of a lighter ;ulour than is ufual in other parts of England. The rivers in this county, bcfides the Thames, are the Mole, the \Vey, and the WandIe.

Antiquities. " Lambeth Palace, on the Thames, founded 1186. Croydon Palace, in Croydon . ., Richmond Palace, on the Green, 1508. * Betfworth CaHle, E. of Darking. ,. Ellier Place, on the Mole, S. S. '\T. of Kingilon, I44-i • ., Guildford CalHe, on the Wey, Sax. '* Newark Priory, on the \';ey, E. of 'Yoking. .. \Vaverly Abbl'Y, S. E. of Farnham, 1128. '" Farnham Cafile, W. of Guildford. St. Mary Overy's Church, in Southwark. Kingllon-upon-.Thames, St. Mary'S Chapel, S. fide of the Church, ruined. Rygate CaHle and Priory, E. N. E. of Darking.

-Scenes and SituatiollJ. Richmond Hill, on the Thames, and the King's Gardens. Wandfworth Hill, near Wimbleton. Box Hill, N. of Darking. . Lithe Hill, S. of Wotton, and S. T,V. of Darklllg... , _ Road from Guildford to Farnham, tid!: 5 miles of It, and View from a field to the l~jt of the road, as Coon as you afcend the hill from the town. Banfiead Downs, near Croydon. Hind Hill and Gracewood Hill, near Godalmin.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. Wimbleton, near the Vandal, S. of Wandfworth, by the Earl of Pembroke and Browne. Kew, near the. Thames, oppollte to Brentford. Peterlliam, ncar Richmond Park. Ham, near the Thames, oppolite to Twickenham. . Roehamptoll, or Parkfi.ead, S. "V. of Mortlack, near Richmond Park, by Chambers, Claremont, S. vr. of Elher, near the Mole, by Vanbrugh and Kent. Cobham, or Painlliill, on the Mole. Weybridge, or Ham Farm, at t~e confluence of the Weyand Thames. Oatlands, N. E. of the lail, by Kent. Oburne Farm, Ileal' Chertfcy. Deepdcn, E. of Darking. Mr. Reeves's, near Darking. Sheerf', near Guildford, to E. More Park, and Mother Ludoe's Hole, S. E. of Farnham. Richmond Galdens, as altered byJr~wne. S tJ SSE X. s u s s E x. u S S EX i~ hounded on the N. by Surry; on the N. E. and E. by Kent; on the S. by the S Englifh Channel; and on the W. by Hampfhire. It is about 65 miles in length, 22 in' breadth, 158 in circumference, and contains 1,140,000 acres. The air of this county is very various: along the [ea-coaft it is thought agueilh; but it hu a much greater effeEl: on ftrangers than the natives, who are generally very healthful. In the \Veald, which is a rich deep [oil, it is apt to be foggy, yet not wn.vholefome; but upon the Downs the air is extremely fweet and healthy. The foil is likewife various: that of the Down~: and from them to the fea, is very fertile, both in corn and gr:lfs, the latter feeding lheep whofe wool is remarkably fine; the middle of the county abollnus with meaUows and rich arable ground, and the N. fide is fhaued with extenfil'e \'.-ools, th,;t fllpply fuel for the iron worll. This- pkntiful county therefore [upplies nllmerous commoditic.;, tht> chief of which are com, malt, cattle, wool, wood, iron, chal::, gl:tfs, hill, alld fowl. I t is particularly famous for its wheatear, a fmall'delicious bird of the fize of a lark. This county has few ports, on account of its rocky {hore, and its fhelves and f:lI1d-banks, which, the S. "'. winds, fo common upon 0Ur coaft in the winter, are continually augmenting. It is divided into 6 rapes, each of which has its particular caflle, river, and fureft, and is fub. divided into 65 hundreds, in which are computeJ I city, 16 market-towns, 2 ancient boroughs that have no market, 123 vic:!ragcs, 3+2 parifhes, 1060 villages, hamlets, and chapelries, and; fends 28 members to parliament. The princip:!l rivers are the Arun, the Adur, the Oufe, :md. the Rother.

Antiquities.

\Vinchel(ea !vIonafl:ery and;' Came, founded 1542, on the COl!!:, S. of Rye~ '* Battle Abbey, N. \V. of HaHings, 1068. '* Bodiham Caltle, near the Rother, N. of the laft. '" Pevenfcy Came, N. E. of EaHbourn, on the coaft, a Saxon building.. " Hurft-lVlonceux Caftlc, N. of the laft, 1440. '" Begeham Abbey . • Lewes Came and Priory, N. E. of Brighthelm!!:on,· 1078• l' Amberley Came, near the Arun, N .. of Arundel, 1371. • Arundel Came and Church, on the Arun, a Saxon building•. .- Boxgrove Priory, N. E. of Chichefter, 1103' Chichcfter Cathedral and Crefs, on the Lavant, near the coafl:. Bofeham Church, 3 miles from Chichell:er. Bramber Came. Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. Petworth, E. of MidhurH. Cowdrey, E. of Midhurll:. StanHed, N. \V. of Chichefter. Up-Park, near the laft. Goodwood, N. of Chichefier, by Campbell~ Halnalter, N. E. of ChicheHer. Crowhurft, S. E. of Battle. ProJpem. Beachy Head. From a windmill near Lewes. .From a hill near Rye. WAR WICKSHIRE. s R

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AR"YICKSH~RE deriv~s its na':le from the Saxons, who called it Weringfcire,. which lignifies a .ftauDn of foldler~. It IS bounded on the N. by Staffordihire; on the E. by LeicefierihireW and Northamptonfillfe; on the S. W. by G10ucefierihire· and on the S. E. by Oxfordfhire; extending in length 47 miles, 27 in breadth, i 10 in circumf;rence, and containing. 670,000 acres.· This county~ w~i.ch li~s partly in the diocefe .of Litchfield and Cove.ntry, and partly in that of W?rcefier, IS dlVld~d mto 4hu,ndreds and I lIberty, and contains I cIty and 12 market-towLIS, 87 vIcarages, 158 pa~tlhes, 780 VIllages, about 22,000 houfes, and 200,000 inha bitants. It fends 6 members to parlIament, namely, 2 knights of the [hire, 2 members for vVar wick, and 2 for the city of Coventry. The air is allowed to be very mild, pleafant, and healthy, and more fo fince the wood-lands· have been thinned, and laiJ more open than formerl)', by the great confumption of wood in the iron-works; by which means the wood-landers have been obliged to apply to tillao-e and pall:ure. The northern part of the county, called the Woodland, is divided from the fouth, ~alleJ the Fel don, by the river Avon; but the foil of both is rich, and produces excellent corn and cheefc,. ~he laH: of which is famelUs all over England: hence the chief commodities of this county are eorn, malt, wood, wool, and cheefe. This county alfo abounds in coals, which in [orne places. lie even with the furface of the earth; and here are many excellent coal-pits. The principal rivers are, the Avon, which rifes in LeiceH:erlhire, and enters this county a little above Rugby, running chiefly S. W. it p,,:i1es by v~arwick} Stra.trord, and Bitf~rd, be!ow which it enters WorceH:edhire: the Tame, whIch rlfes 111 Sta/Tord£htre, and, entering. thIS ('ounty, runs eafl'ward, till it has received the Blythe, and then, turning to the nfJrthward, enters Staf fordfhire: the Arrow, which rifes in vVorceilerihire, and, croll111g the VV. S. W. borders of this county, joins the Avon a little belo:", Bitford. B,v the late inland navigation, it has, communica tion with the rivers Merf€y, Lee, RIbble, Ollfe, 1 rent, Darwent, Scv.ern, Humber, rhames, &c. which navigation, including its windings, e~tends above 500 miles, in the counties of ~inc?ln, Nottingham, York, LancaH:er, WeH:more,and, CheH:er, Stafford, Lelcefi:er, Oxforo, '\\- or~ ceil:er, &c. Antiqtlitiu;

'* Warwick Ca!1:le, on the Avon, ·21 miles from Birmingham, founded 1067.- St. Mary Church, and the Priory, in vVarwick. . _ ~ _ . .. Kenilworth Ca!1:le and Pnory, S. "V. of Coventry, 7 mIles N. v\ . of .\ arwlck9 · founded 1106. • Coventry City, and its Churcbes, Town-houfe, &c. '" Combe Abbey, 3 miles S. E. of Coventry, lISO. '" N uneaton Nunnery, N. of Coventry. . * Maxtoke Priory and Caitle, near lolelhtll, 1337; ., Tamworth Cail:le, on the Tame, 914· Stratford· upon-Avon Church. Scenes and Situatiom. View from Edgehill, S. of Kineton.

Houfe!, Parks, and Plnntations .. Stbneley, S. of Ccventry. B~(7aintol1, S. S E. of Coventry. Gt1'y"s Cl;ff, f a mile N. of Warwick. Newnham Paddox, N. E. of Coventry. Ragley, S. W. of Alcefteu;- Meryvale, N. of Atherfton •. Arbury, S.ofNuneaton .. · Shukburg, W. of Davent!y~ '.. • Afton Houfe and Church, N. of Blrmmgham~ CoJe1hiU, E. of Birmingham. WESTMORELAND. W EST 1\1 0 R E LAN D.

l{ TESTJ\lORELA'N"D is bounded on the N. and N. \-V. by Cumberland; on the N. E. 'V and E. by the bifhopric of Durham and Yorkfhire; on the S. E. by Yorkfhire; and on the S. and S. \V. by Lancafhire. Its extent from N. to S. is abollt 50 miles, breadth from E. to 'V. 40, circumference IIO, and it contains 510,000 acres. It is generally divided into the baronies' of Kendal and Weil:morebnd: the former is very mountainous, but the latter is a large champaign country. Thefe are the only principal divilions of this county, which contains 8 market-towns, 26 parifhes, and 220 villages. It lies partly in the diocefe of Cheil:er, and partly in that of Carl dIe. The E;;rl of Thanet is hereditary fherift" of the county, which fends only 4' members to parliament, namely, 2 for the county, and 2 for the borough of Appleby •. The air is clear, fharp, and falubrious, the natives being feldom troubled with difeafes, but gCll<:rally live to a good old age. The foil is various; that on the mountains is very barren, while th:\( in the vallies is fertile, producing good corn and grafs, efpecially in the meadows near. the ri\ -:r3. In the hilly parts on the weil:ern borders it is generally believed there are vail: quan tities of copp~r-ore, and veins of gold; fome mines of copper are worked, but moil: of the ore lies fo deep that it will not anfwer the ex pence. Til,: principal rivers a:'c the Eden, the Lone, and the Ken. The Eden, which rifes in the rail:crn borders, runs mofily northward, and, having received eight fmall rivers, enters Cumber land. The Lone riles within a few miles of the Eden, and, after running a little way to the eafi: ward, turn, towards the S. and enters Lancafhire. The Ken flows from a lake called Ken or hUH ;Vlccr, and running mofily {outhward, after it has pa{[cd Kendal, which takes its name from this river, falls into the Irifh Sea at the S. W. point of the coullty.

Antiquities.

'" Brough C~fl:Je, under Stainmoor, N. of Kirkby Steven, founded 1069. % Harcla or Hart:ey Cafl:le, S. E. of Kirkby Steven . .. Pendra::;on Came, on the Eden, S. S. E. of the lail: 13+1. '" Appleby Cafl:k, on the Eden. ' " Brou~ham or Broom Cafl:le, S. E. of Penrith, on the Eimot. " Shap Abbey, on the Lowther, S. of the lail:. '" Kendall Call1e, on the Cz;n"or Ken. Kif kby-Lonfdale Church and Bridge, on the Lone, S. E. of Kendall. Kirkby-Steven Church, on the Eden, 4 miles S. E. of Appleby.

Scmes and Situations.

Ridall Hall and Head, N. o~ Amblelide, and '\Vinander-Meer, 2 miles. The Forces or Falls of the flver Can or Ken, 5 miles from Kendall, and near Betham • M.any p~rts of the road from Appleby to Pcnrith. HIgh pOlllt of lan~ looking down on the i{]and in '\Vinander Meer and commanding tdhe llake from fight to left," and.5 miles of the road from Amblelide to Kendall. R oa tHough Amblelide to KefwIck 18 miles Falls of \V ater near Amblelide.' • qre~ridge Hill, in the way from Brough to Kendall, N. E. of the latter. Gralmere Water, N. of Amblelide, in the road to Kefwick.

Hotlfes, Parks, and Plantations. Lowther HaJJ, 5 miles S. W. of Penrith. WILTSHIRE. ~

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ILTSHIRE is hounded o~ the N. E. and E. by Berkfhire; on the S. E. by Hampfhire .. W on the S. W. by Somerfet{]w'e; and on the N. W. and N. by Gloucd1:erfhire. Its leno-th from N. ,to S. is near 54 miles, its breadth from E. to \Y. 38, and it is about 128 in circumferen~e, containing 876,000 acres. , This county, which i.s in the diocefe of Salilbury, contains 24 market-towns, 107 vicarages, ~04 pariihes, and 950 villages. It is divided into 29 hundreds, which contain near 21:1,000 fi'oufes, and 168,000 inha~itants. It fends 34 members to parliament, n:lmely, two knights for the {hire, and two burgeiles for each of the following boroughs: New Sarum, Wilton, Marl borough, Old Sar~m, "'C ooton-HalTet, Luggedhall, Gr<:at DtJwin, Cricklade, M.llml'bury, Chippenham, Devlzes, CaIne, .\Vefibury, Heytdbury, HInton, and j)ownton . . The air is tweet and healthy, though {0Il1CU1IWr ilurp 011 the hiiL in winter; ~,,'t it is mild during that [eafon in the vales. The land in the ~orth,rn parts is gClleraiiy hilly and Vloody; 'in the fouthern it is rich and fertile; ill the middle it chiefly conflirs of downs, tlut afFord the bell: paf!:ure for £heep; and in the vallies, which divide the downs, are abundance of corn-fields and rich meadows. In fome places is found knot-gr::tfs near 20 feet in !en;;th, with which huge. are fed, efpecially about ,Market Lavington. Its chief commodities are fhcep, wool, \"1,,01, and frone; of this laft there are exc"llent quarries at Chilmark, on the banks of the r,ver h ,teldcl-, where fome of the ftones are 2.0 yuds in length, and four in thicknefs, without a flaw. The chief manufactures are thofe relating to the c:oathi'ng trade. 'The principal rivers in 'Viltame are the Upper and Lower Avon, the Nadder, the vVilly~ the Bourne, and the Kennet. Antiquities. Salilbury Cathedral. • \Vardour Cafile, on the Nadder, N. E. of Shaftelbury. Heytelbury Hofpital, on the Willy, ~.~. of Wa~n:infier. '* Lacock Nunnery, near the Avon, ti. S. W. of Chlppenham, founded 1229. .. Bradenftoke Priory or Clack, N. E. of Chippenh:lm, 1075· # Malmlbury Abbey, on the Avon, near Glollcdl:cr£hire, 6-;0. Stone Henge, on Salilbury Plain, W. of Amer£ham, Aubury and Wefi Kennet, to S. W. of Marlborough •. Old Sarum, near Saliibllry. Wandfdyke, near the middle of the county. Great Bedwin Chl1rch. Scenes and Situations. Martin's-Hall Hill, N. of Old Sarum. View from St. Alfred's Tower, in a morning. Round away Hill, near the Devizcs. Marlborough Callie Mount. Clay Hill, \Y. of Warminiler. Houfes. Parks, Plantations. Wilton Houfe, W. of SaJilbury, by Holben and Inigo JOIle'. Longford, S. E. of Salifbury. _ Amelbury, N. of SaJifbury, by Inigo Jones and \'vebb. Stourhead S. of Froome, by Campbell . .Longleat,' S. E. of Froome, by John of Padua and Browne. Witham, near the lafi. . Tokenham, five miles S. E. of Marlborough, Lord BurllIlgton .. F onthill 16 milts from Salifbury, by W oolle. _ Clarend~n Park, on the E. fide of Salilbury Pblll. Chute Lodge, I I miks from ~alifbury. . Brumham Houfe three mdes from the Devlzes. Bowden Park, fi~e miles from the Dcvizes. Lediard Trego[e, near Wopton-Balfet. \\' ORe EST E R. W 0 R C EST E R S H IRE.

ORCESTERSHIRE fs bounded on the N. by Stalfordlhire; on the E. and N. E. by \V, \\'arwicklhire; on the \V. by Shroplhire and Herefordlhire; and on the S. by Gloucef_ t('dllire; extcl;dil'g about 35 miles in length, 27 in breadth, 130 in circumference, and contain. il1:~, 54.n,00'l ~c:-e3 . . I t is di\-:J~d into i hundreds, and contains 1 city and 10 market-towns, 55 vicarages, "52 1"arilh~s, 500 villages, about 20,600 hou(es, and 123,7°0 inhabitants. It is in the diocefe of \Vorcdler, and fends 9 members to parliament, namely, 2 for the county, and 2 for each of the j:>J1owing places, \Vorcell:er, Droitwich, and Evelham, and 1 for the borough of Bewdley. . The air of Worcell:erlhire is very healthy, and the (oil in the vales and meadows very rich, producing corn and pall:ure, particularly the rich vale of Evelham, which is jull:ly fiiled the gr.1C1ary of thefe parts. The hills have generally an eafy afcent, except Malvern Hills, and feed ldr~~e flocks of lheep. Here is plenty of fruits of moll: forts, efpecially pears. The chief com. JTIudities are coals, corn, cloth, chee(e, cyder, perry, and fait. The principal rivers are the Severn, the Temd, and the Avon. By the lat~ inland navigation, it has communication with the rivers MerCey, Dee, -Ribble, Ou(e, Trent, Darwent, Humber, Thames, &c. which navigati0n, including its windings, ex tends above 5eo miles, in the counties of Lincoln, Nottingham, York, Lancall:er, Wefimoreland. Chen"r, Stafford, \\'arwick, Leicefter, Oxford, &c.

Antiquities. ,\v orcell:er Cathedral and Commandery . ... Hartlebury Call:le, S. S. E. of Bewdley, founded 850' * Great Malvern Abbey, 9 miles S. W. of Worcefter, at the bottom of Malvern Hills, 1094. Evdharn, or El11am, the Bell Tower. Perlhore Church, \V. of Evelham.

Scenes and 'Situations. Bewdley, on the Severn, S. W. of Kidderminll:er. Parry'\Vood, View from the Hill, near I mile from Worceffer. Way from Evelham through Piddle to Worcell:er~ 16 miles. View from the Clint Hill, near Hagley Park. Malvern Hills, 8 miles S. W. of Worcell:er. Road W: of the Severn from Bewdley to W orcell:er, over the Red Hill, by Ribbesford, Pool s Houfe, Hundred Houfe, and Widey. Crookbury Hill, 2 miles from \Vorcell:er, near the Perlhore road to the right.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. Hagley, and the Church, S. E. of Stourbridge. Court and Chapel, near the Severn, S. of Aberley Hills 9 miles W frona W~vley, orcell:cr. , • Ribbesford, on the Severn, near Bewdley. Crome Abbey, ~. of Upton, between the Avon and Severn. The Lea[owes, III Shroplhire, utar Hagley, 6 miles, by Shen1lone.

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ORKSHIRE, whic~ in. ex!ent is equal to fome fovere~gnties, and bigger than any two of the largelt counties In Englan~, IS bounded on the N. by \yeil:m~rdand and the l:>i :/hopricY of Durham; on the E. by the (Jerman Ocean; on the S, by Llncolnimre, Nottlngham /hire, and Derbyihire ;, and, on the W. by a fmall lJart ?f Cheihire, Lancaihir~, and, Wefbnore land. It extends 90 md,es, In length from E. to W .,75!11 breadth from ,N. to ~. and IS above 360 in circumfer~nce, cOllta!l1!11g 3,770,000 acres. .Thls county IS divided, Into three Rldlllgs, c~lIed. the North, Eall:, ar:d.We~-Rld!l1g; befides whlc~ there IS, a fou:'rh dlVlfion, called f~,c:1l110nd /hire' and is fub-dlvlded !I1to 26 wapcntakes, which contain one city and 54 market-towns 2' 2 vicar~ges, 563 pariihes, 2330 vi)lages, abo,ut I?6,I50 hou[e~, and 636,9C:o inhabitants. It li~s Tn the diocefe of York, except Rlchmondihlre, m the North Rldlllg, which belongs to the diocefe of Chell:er, and fends 30 members to parliament, namely, 2 knights, of the {hire for the county, 2 citizens for York, and 2 for each of the foIlow!l1g boroughs, K!I1o-ll:on-upon-Hull, Knaret: borough, Scarborough, RiplJon, Richmond, Heydon, Boroughbridge~ Malton, Thirik. Aldbo- rough, Beverley, ,Northa,Ilerton, !lnd PontefraCl:. , , ' The air and fod of thiS extenhve c0l:lnty vary extremely; the Eall: Riding, on account of i:s neighbourhood t~ the Gerl1'l:an Ocean, IS,lefs healthy than the other Ridings; but this inconve nience decreafes III proportIOn as the county recedes from the (ea. However, where the air is moil indifferent, the foil is moll: fruitful; for on the hilly parts of this Riding, efJ)ccially in what is called the York W oulds, the foil is generally barren, dry, and jandy; great numbers of lean /heep are therefore fold from hence, and fent into other counties to be fat[e~lcJ for the market. The Well: Riding enjoys a iharp but healthy air, and the foil on the wefrcrn fide is hilly, fl:onv and not very fruitful; but the intermediate "allies afford lJlenty of good mcadow-ground, and a(j~ palture for the largell: cattle. On the fide next the river Ou[e, the foil is rich, lJroducing wheat and barley; and in its worH: lJarts the bell: oats. Its commodities, befldes what have been men tioned, are iron, pit-coal, jet, a11ul11, horfes, <,nd goats. The North Riding in general exceeds the other two in the falubrity and coldners of the air. The woril: parts breed lean cattle; but on the fides of the hills, in the vallies, and plains, it pro duces good corn, and rich pall:ures for large cattle: nor is it wanting in fubterraneous riches, as ~arble, pit-coal, copperas, all um; and between the clefts of the rocks on the fea-coafl: is found the belt fort of jet. The principal rivers are the Oufe, and thofe which fall into it, as ,the Dun or Don, the Calder, :he Aire, the Wharfe, and the Swale, which joining their fheams form the Humber, which falls !lto the German Ocean between Yorkfhire aud Lincolnihire.

E A S T RID I N G. Antiquities. Beverley Minfter. '* Burll:all Abbey, on the Humber, near Spurn-head, founded IllS • ... Kirkham Priory, on the Derwent, S. S. W. of Malton, 1122, W rek-ihill Came, on the Derwent, N. W. of Howden. Howden Church, in Howdenihire, near the Derwent. Hul! Great Church. ScentS and Situ,ations. l+'lamborough-Head, and its Cavern, N. E. of Bridlingtoll.

HOllfeS, Parks, and Plantatiolts. Londefburg, N. of Market-'iVeighton. South Dalton, the Lawn, near Beverley. Buxton Agnes, E. of Kilham. Houtham, on the Derwent, S. of Kirkham. H NORTH

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ORKSHIRE, whic~ in. extent is equal to fome fovereignties, and bigger than any two Y of the largelt counties In England, IS bounded on the N. by Weltmoreland and the Bi fuopric of Durham.; on the E. by the German Ocean; on the ~,by Lincolnihire, Nottingham fhire, and Derbyfhlre ; and on the W. by a fmall part of Cheihlre, Lancafhlre, and Welhnore land: It eJ:Ctends go mil.es. in length from E. to W .,75 in bre~dt~ from .N. to S. and is above 360 in circumference, contalnmg 3,770,000 acres. .Thls county IS divided, lI,lto three Ridings, called the North, Eaft, and Weft-Rldmg; befides which there IS a fourth dlVlfion, called Rlchmond [hire; ane! is fub-~ivided into ?-6 wapentakes, which contain one city and,54 market-towns, 242 vicarages, 563 panfhes, 2330 villages, about 106,150 hou{es, and 636,900 Inhabitants. It lies in the diocefe of York, except Richmondfhire, in the North Riding, which belongs to the dioce{e of ~~efter, and fends '3D members to parliament, ~amely, 2 knights. of the ihire for the county, Z cItizens for York, and 2 for each of the followmg boroughs, Kmo-fton-upon-Hull, Knare( borough, Scarborough, Rippon, Richmond, Heydon, Boroughbridge~ Malton, Thirfk, Aldbo rough, Beverley, Northallerton, and Pontefract. The air and foil of this extenfive county vary extremely; the Eail: Riding, on account of its neighbourhood to the German Ocean, is,lefs healthy than the other Ridings; but this inconve nience decreafes in proportion as the county recedes from the (ea. However, where the air is moil: indifferenr, the foil is moft frl!it~ul; for on the hilly parts of t~is Riding, efpecially in what is called the York Woulds, the fOil IS generally barren, dry, and landy; great numbers of lean Iheep are therefore fold from hence, and fent into other counties to be fattened for the market. The Weft Riding enjoys a iharp but healthy air, and the foil on the weftcrn fide is hilly, ll:ony, md not very fruitful; but the intermediate vallies afford plenty of good m2adow-ground, and alio Jafture for the largeft cattle. On the fide next the river Oufe, the foil is rich, producing wheat and barley;, and in its wor!t parts the beft oats. Its commodities, beftdes what have been men tioned, are iron, pit-coal, jet, allum, horfes, 2nd goats. The North'"Rlding in general exceeds the other two iA the falubrity and coldnefs of the air. The worft parts breed lean cattle; but on the fides of the hills, in the vall ies, and plains, it pro duces good corn, and rich paftures for large cattle: nor is it wanting in fubterraneous riches, as marble, pit-coal, copperas, allum; and between the clefts of the rocks on the fea-coaft'is found the befl: fort of jet. The principal rivers are the Oufe, and thofe which fall into it, as the Dun or Don, the Calder, the Aire, the Wharfe, and the Swale, w~ich joining their ~treams form the Humber, which falls into the German .ocean between Yorklhlre .aud LlI1colnihue.

E A S T RID I N G. Antiquities. Beverley Minfter. '* Budl:all Abbey, on the Humber, near Spurn-head, founded IllS. '* Kirkham Pr10ry, on the Derwent, S. S. W. of Malton, !l22, Wrekfhill Cafi:le, on the Derwent, N. W. of Howden. Howden Church, in Howdenihire, near the Derwent. Hull Great Church. Scenes and Situations. lo'lamborough-Head, and its Cavern, N. E. of Bridlington,

Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. Londe{burg, N. of Market-Weighton. South Dalton, the Lawn, near Beverley. Buxton Agnes, E. of Kilham. Houfuam, 011 the Derwent, S. of Kirkham. H 'NORTH YORKSHIRE.

NORTH RID I N G. Antiquities. Helmfley CallIe, E. of Thirik. ,. Scarborougil Cal1:le, on the E. coall:. "" Whitby Ahbey, 011 the coaft, N: of Scarborough, fow1dt:d 1I67' *" Rivaulx Abbey, ncar Helm{]ey, m Rlcdale, 1132 • Gifborough Abbey, S. E. of Stockton. *' l\!Ialton Priory, near the Derwent, 1112. ., '* Byland Abbey near Thirfk, to S. E. and GllImg to ,V. 113+· '* Mount Grace; near Ofntotherley, to N. E. of Northallerton. '* Lady Chapel, near the lall:. '$ Richmond CaUl", on the Swale, 1080 • .", Eaiby Abbe" on the Swale, 2 miles from Richmond, 1152. '* Egle!lon Abbey, on the Tees, near RichI~on~, 2 miles N. W. of Rookby~ " St. Martin's Abbey, near the Tees, one mile trom Richmond, 1130 • •)t Harlky Call:le, near Northallerton . .,. Sheriff-Hutton Caftle, N. E. of York. Bolton Cal1:le, N. E. of Aikrig. Middleham Cal1:le, S. E. of Afkrig. Bowe, Cal1:le, S. \V. of Barnard Cafl:le. Arden l\' ullllCry, near Black Hambleton, S. E. of Ofmother ley. . Jorenl, or Gervis Abbey, in Weniledale, near the Vre, S. E. of Mlddleham •. Scenes and Situations. "Venfledale, on the Vre, 'V. of Aikrig. Afgarth Force, E. of Ajkri~, on the lJ re, near Swinwate. . Scartnick, 'V. of Richmond, 50 yards to the left of the road to Aikrig. Ounfberry, or Rolit~erj-y~-Topping, the higheft hill in Cleveland, near Gi(borougb. RowclifF, on the -CO.1Il:, N.:E. of Gifborough, and Allum-Works. Hell Gill, near..the head ot>fhe EJen, N. W. of Aikrig, on Cotter Hill. Hardraw Force,~W. N. W. of Afkrig, with Whitfield Gill and Mill Gill Forces... near Aikrig. ',," '. l-hrknefs, the Vale"'bf, 3 miles N. \V. of Scarborough. Cam Fell, \\'. of Aikrig; View from the Summit. Whiuun Cliff, on Black Hambleton, near Thirik. Cotter Hill, on the confines of vVeftmoreland, and its hi/?hell: part called Shunner Fell, at the head of SwaleJale, where rife the rivers Eden,.Swale, and Vre. Houfes, Parks, and Plantations. CallIe Howard, near Malton, by Vanburgh, and Sir T. Robinfon. Rookby, near Greta Brid.;e, by Sir T. Robinfon. IIarkfall, on the Ure, ncar Maiham. Tanfield, !lear the lail;. Hovingham, and the Vale about Ofwaldkirk and SJingfby, N. W. of Malton. Hornby ClUle, N. \\T. of Bedale, altered by Carr. Newby, on the Ure, near Rippon, by Campbell, altered by Carr and Adams. Duncombe-Park, near Helmiley, by Wakefield.

WE S T RIDING. Antiquities. The Minll:er; : St. Mary's Abbey, founded 1088; St. Margaret's Porch; St. Dennis; St. W ~1!Jam s Chapel, on the Oufe bridge; St. Leonard's Hofpital &c. in York. '" Cawood Cal1:ie, S. of York ' SdJ:,y Abbey, near the fame: * Kirkllall if R _K

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Abbey, near Leeds on the Aire m',le r d d ~ KirkO:all h C fil' , 3 s, roun e II4i. 'It K nare fb oroug a e, near HarrOD'ate and 1'lumton R k near Blythe, to N. W. and Sandback, t~C S~\V. II • It .Roche ~bbey, 47 Rippon Ml!lfter, near the Ure, N. W. of Boroughbrid e 113 • g • : Fountain's Abbey, in Sk~ldale, near Rippon, 2 1147. 'I: S,aw~ey Abbey, ,N. of ClIthero, on the Ribble, Comfborough CafHe, near Doncafter a Saxon buildinry to N. on ~he Wharfe ~'nd the Strid 1120. *' Bolton Abbey, near Skipton, E. ' Doncafter ~hurch, on the Don, N. N. W.of Bawtry. Harwood Church, N. of Bramham near the Wharfe Addle Church, near Leeds.' • Sheffield Church, on the Don, S. W. of Rotherham. Rotherham Church, on the Don, S. W. of Doncall:er. called LauD'hton MominD' S \V of Bawtry Laughton Church, . Tic~hill Call:le and Church, 'V. of Ba\Vtry~' .. Arthl!lgton Nunnery, on the Wharfe, E. of Otley. Elholt Priory, on the J\ire, S. of Otley. Hampole PrIory, N. W. of Doncafier. Skipton Caftle, in Craven. Ripley, 4 miles from Knarefborough, on the Nyd . in IC,ic, .. PontefraCl: Cafile, near the confluence of the Airc and Don founded '* Sandal Caftle, near Wakefield. '

Scenes and Situations. Skipton in Craven, N. W. of Otley. The Vale about Abcrforth, N. of PontefraCl:. Kilnfey Crag, on the Wharfe, N. W. of Burnfall. Gordale, 6 miles S. E. of Settle, at Malham, or Mauham. Otley Sheven, a hill S. of Otley. both in Aire-dale. Apperley Brid-&e, N. W. of Leeds, and Stetin Bank, S. of Skipton, The Vale of \....alder, and Eland Edge, near Halifax. Harwood Caftle, View from thence, N. of Leeds, on the 'Vharfe. Chaverler Hill, near Leeds. Brimham CraD's, N. W. of Ripley, near Pateley-bridge road to Rippon. Road from lngleton to Settle turnpike, II miles. Road from Skipton to Otley, 15 miles, in Wharidale.

Houfes, Parks, and Plantatiolls. Wentworth CafHe, or Stainfborough, S. of Barnney. Wentworth Houfe, N. W. of Rotherham. on the Don, near Doncafier. SprotfborouO"h, (0 to Hackfall, Studley Park and Mackylhaw, Michael-Haw Hill, and Laver Banks, W. of Rippon, on the Skell. Hanewood, near Tadcafter, to S. 'V. Wortley, near the Don, S. W. of Barnney. . Cowick at the confl'lence of the Don and Aire, S. of Snalth. Medley' at the conflu'~nce of the Calder and Aire. TempI; N ewfome, near Leeds, on the Aire. Gawthorp, near Leeds, by Carr and Adams. Kiveton or Keeton, S W. of Blythe, N. W. of Work (op. Nofl:ell. 's. of PontcfraCl:, by Paine. . Cu(worth, near Doncafter, part by Paille. Weilon, N. of the Wharfe, near Otley. NORTH H~ NORTH W ALE S.

ALE S, a p.rincipality in the "V. of England, comprehending twelve counties, namcJy~ W AnO'Ie[~a, Carnarvonlhire, Denbighlhire, Flintlhire, Merionethlhire, and Montgomerr {hire in N~ 'Vales; Brecknockfhire, Cardiganlhire, Carmarthen{hire, Glamorg~nillire, Pem brok~lhire, and Radnorlhirc,. in S. Wales. Th;s country is for the molt part mountainous, and yet its produce is fufficient for the maintenance of the inhabitants. It is the country where the ancient Britons fled, when this iiland was invaded by the vic1orious Saxons, who are now called Welch, and continue to prc[crve their own language. The wefiern part is bounded by St. Geor:-e's Channel, and the lriih Sea; the S. by the Bril1:ol Channel; the N. by the lrilh Sea; and the E. by the counties of Chelter, Salop, Hereford, a.n~ Monmouth. It con tains 751 pariihes, 58 market-towns,. and above 300,000 people. The aIr !S c1ea!" and iharp, but. the cattle are fin:Jll, and provdions In general good and cheap. Wales IS partIcularly remark able for croats whieh naturally delight in hilly countries; and for fewe!, they ufe wood, coals, and turf~ l?hey have Ccveral creeks and ~arb?u~s for ~ips, hut t.he molt rem~rkable is Iy.Iilford haven, becau[e 100Q ve/fels may Cafely nde 111 It at a time. It IS ~'atered wIth many nvers, of. which the prirlcipal are the Dec, Wye, Uik, Lomvay,Clwyd,and [wy.

F LIN T S H IRE. LINTSHIRE, North "Vales, is bounded on the N. E. and E. by an arm ofthe:fea, which, F is properly the mouth of the river Dee; on the N. W. by the Irilli Sea; and on the S. S. W. and "V. by Denbighlhire. It is 33 miles in length, 9 in breadth, and 40 in circumference, con taining 160,000 acres; and is divIded- into 5 hundreds, in which are 2 market-towns, and 28 parifhes. The greatelt part of this county lies in the diocefe of St. Afaph, and the relt belongs to that of Chell:er. It fends two members to parliament, one for the county, arid one for Flint. The air is cold but healthful. It is full of hills, intermixe.d with a few vallies, which are very fruitf~l, produ.cing. fome whe.at, and gre.at plenty of rye. The cows, though fmall,. y.ield a great quantity of mIlk, III proportIon to theIr fize, and are exceHent beef. The mountams are well fl:ored wi~h I~ad, coal, and !Ilill-Itones. Thi~ countY,aleo' produces good butter, cheefe, and honey, ot wh.ch lalt the natIves make metheghn, a whDJefome liquor, much ufed in,thefe parts. The principal rivers are the Clwyd, the Wheeler, ;fue Dee, :the Sevien, the Elwy. and the. Allyn, which furnifh great quantities of fifh •

.AntiquitieJ'• .. Hawarden or Harden Came, S. W. of Chefl:er. • Holywell, N. W. of Flint, near the Dee, II miles. from Rhuddlam, founded·14qo. .. Balingwerk Abbey, N. ~. E. of the lafl:, 113r • • Rhuddlam Came and Pnory, N. W. of St. Afaph, on the Clwyd 16 miles from Conway, log8. ' . • St. ACaph's Church and Palace, 1448. • Elint Callie.

Scenes~ Situations. &c. View of the Vale of Clwyd, near Mold. Overton, or Oreton, S. E. of Wrexham, near the Dee. Gwern Heylyd, near the lalt. Caer-Gyr}y Callie, the top of a hill, under Bringwyn, on the Allyn. St. A(~ph 5, V lew from the Tower of the Vale of Clywd. Road trom Chelter to Ruthin, belt View of the fame Vale Hill near Bodridden, in the_ way f;-()m Rhl.lddlam to Denbig' h View along the Vale of Clwyd. ' CAERNAR- ·" ... . t l'" ~ " IRI lle=arks . ~;;,;. ~/t c;,;';',-r ;;'/;'; i; ~;"d;, O1u..1I/i!llZlo.el· /DPO,l'liall'U ltt* . _____ -- .,. ]Ifarklt'" I'onnw. ______- - - - - o TTrlloflM 4·.- . -- _ ------N.JJ .tlu,1/il'INJ to t/" TownJ dMn'tlU!t;

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C .LL .R .D .r 0- ..A. .1V CAE RNA R VON S H IRE.

AERNARVONSHIRE, North Wales, is bounded on the N. S. and VY. /ides by the C.. lrifh Sea; on the N. "Y. it is feparated from the Iile of Anglefea by the ifthmus of Mcnew; and on the E. by Denbighfhire and Merionethfhire. It is in the form of a wedge, extending in length from·N. to S.about 40 miles, is 20 broad from E.to W. and near 95 in circumference, containing 370,000 acres. It is divided into 7 hundred. and 68 parifhes; in which are included rcity, I borough, 5 market-towns, and 3 cames. It is in the diocefc of Bangor, and the pro vince of Canterbury. Its center is 258 miles from London. The S. part of this county forms a peninfula 13 miles long, and 10 broad. The principal rivers are the Conway and the Sejont. The air is rendered cold and piercing, not. only by. the lakes but the mountains. It fends one member to p'arliament •.

Antiquities. + Conway Came, at the mouth of the Conway, near the coaft, founded 1282.· '* Caernarvon C;illle, near Meinai, on the Sejont, 1283' '* Dolbarden Came, by the hke of Llanberris, at the foot of Mount Snowdon, 10 miles from Bethkellert, Britifh. • Crickiath CallIe, on the coait; N. E. of Pulhelly, 1200. • Bangor Church and Palace, on the coaa. '" Clunokvaur Abbey, on the coaIl: of the Irilh Sea, 616. • Dolwyddelan CafHe,-500 •.

Scenes t{~iJ~Sitltations. Tal-y-Cavan Ferry, on the C90way, in.the way to Llanrwa, S •. of the to'\vn.· View of the Came, one mile E.·.of Conway Ferry. Glodworth, and Bolketiyn,:on 'ai,e c?aft.' Vale of Bethkellert, S. of Snowdon Peak, 12 miles from Caernarvon. Snowdon, or IVlael-y-Gwyddfa, 6 miles to the afcent to the top of the mountain, 9 miles from Caernarvon, 3720 feet high. Rhaidr-y-'Vanal, near Llanrwfr, a water-fall. Rhaidr-y-Pandy-pen-Machno, near the laa, a water-fall. Penmaen Mawr, between C onwayan d B angor, on th e Coaft , 6 miles from Conway,. 1545 feet high. Rhaidr Fawr, a water-fall, near· Snowdon Peak and Dolbarden. Gaunnant, a water-fall, 3 miles from Penmaen l\lawr. Way from Caernarvon to the Ferry of Meinai. .' View. of Bettws-Bridge, and the Confluence of its Brook wIth the fiver Conway, and· all the Road from thence to Llanwrfr.

DENBIGHSHlRE. DEN BIG H S H IRE.

ENBIGHSHIRE, is bounded on the E. by Filntfhire and Shroplhire; on the S. by Meri .D oneth{hire; on the \\T. by Caernarvonfhire; and on the N. by the Irifh Sea, and part of Flintlhire. It extends 31 miles in length, 15 in breadth, and 116 in circumference, and con tains .~IO,OOO acres. This county is divided into 12 hundreds, which contain 4 market-towns, 57 parilhes, about 64-00 houfes, and 38,400 inhabit:lnts. It is partly in the diocefe of St. Afaph; but the greatefi part of the vale of Clwyd is in the diocefe of Bangor. It fmds two members to parliament, one for the county, and one for the borough of Denbigh. The air of this county is very wholefome, but fharp, it being continually agitated by the winds which blow over the fnowy tops of the mountains. The foil is various: for the famous 'Vale of Clwyd is a fruitful, pleafant, and clelightful fp:Jt, f.'lid to be equalled by few places in Europe, and takes up fo great a part of the county, that it extends near Ii miles from N. to S. and from E. to \V. about five; but the E. /icle of the county is not very. fertile, and the W. is in a manner entirely barren. The river Conway is the boundary between Denbighlhire .and C aernarvonlhire. Among the hills there are fiones called Druid-fiones, and fmall pillars: with infcriptions, which no one hitherto has been able to decypher ..

Antiquities. • Holt Came, on the Dee, N. E. of Wrexham • .. Ruthin Came, near Clwyd, 8 miles S. S. E. of Denbigh, in Dyffryn Clwyd • .. Denbigh Came, founded 110:::, ncar the Clwyd, 2 miles S. E. of Conway. • Valle-Crucis Abbey, near the Dee, to N. in the parifh of Llangollen, one mile from Dinas Bran, founded 1200 • .. Dinas Bran Cafl:le, N. of the Dee, and N. W. of the Chirk • .. Chirk Cal1:le, S. E. of Llangollen. Wrexham Church, 12 miles S. of Chefier.

Scenes, Situations, & c. Gresford \'illage, N. ofWrexham, on the Tagidog, and l\1arford Hill. Vale of Llanwd1:, on the Conway, 12 miles from Conway. Erthing, near Wrexham. Pifl:il Rhaidr, a water-fall on the borders of Montgomerylhire 111 the rIver Rayder, 8 miles from Llanwilling. The Craigs-y-Glufeg, Rocks near Dinas Bran. View of the Dee at Ruilion, and near Wynnefiay. Llangellan, a town near the Dee, 15 miles W. ofChirk. View of the Dee from Llangollen to Corvan, 8 miles N. W. of the lafi. N'iew ofthe fame, 3 miles E. of Llangollen, on the Ofwcfirce road.

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x S MER ION E T H S H I R. E. · ERIONETHSHIRE is bounded on the NbC 11-' . 'the E b Mont orner rh' . Y aernarvonUllre and Dcnbirrhil]ire· 011 M'6)n the S. by' th~ river f)ovy,ywhri~~ ~~r:~it'X~!YCSat;d~~~fi~f;! C1::n~l, ;{ the I:fh .Sea ; ';Irrd 25 in breadth, and 108 in circumference, containin., ~70 coo acr'es TXh~n s 35 m.1 edsY?d l cdngth, L b d ed . h' h k ".J , . IS coun ty IS IVI C I n to v un r s1 Ill. w IC .are 4 mar et-towns, 37 pari/hes, about 2590 houfes and I rr,-, il'h'lbi nts. It lies III the dlOcefe of BanO'or, and knds one membor to pari' 't Th7, W.' f' \', - , hili'" lh . . b . '- lamen . e alr 0 ,l(~- ~b J Ife IS. \eWal.~rp. II, ';':Intcr,. on account of Its many high barrm mountains. The i~il 'is as a as any In ,cs, It elllg VCIY rocky an~ mountainous. However, this county fccJs lar (! flocks of fheep, many goats, and large herds of horned cattle which find pr tty g d ., g the:vallies. Belidos thefe, amono- their other commoditie~ m~y be rerkone I \c I 00 [l'lltUdre 111 ~ I filh dr' II h . b h' , ' ~ . l .V C en cotton, ccr, lOW, , an . elpecla y ernngs, w Ich are t",~ell on this coaft in great pkllly.

Antiquities.

• Harlech Cail:l;,. on the coaft,S. of the bay of Treeth-Bychan, 10 miles, founJed S--• .. Cumner, or Kll1ncr Abbey, founded 1200. II SCe/1es and Situations. Val.e of Ffeftiniog, 2~. miles S. of L1anwrft, to \V. of Llyn-Conway PJam of B.ala, near I. nnble M~er, 3. mdes long, I broad. Cader-Idns Mountain, the Aicent from Dolgelly, 2910 fcet high. Pont-Aber-GlanIyn, N. of Harlecn, ;1- mile from Bethkdlert. Approach to Bala from Llandrillo Hill, wa', R mile5. Mount Barwin, View of, in the way from' \Velchpool to Bala, 10 mi 1,c,. Vale of Tanybulch, and Defcenc to.it, II miles N. of I-Lrkch, on the river Dwryd.

M 0 N T G 0 1\1 E R Y S H IRE. ONTGOIVIERYSHIRE is bounded on the ~. by Mcrion·~thfhirc and Denbighfhire;< M on the N. E. and E. by Shropihire; on the S. by Radll0r1hirc and Cardiganfhirc; and on tbe W. by th~ hit-mentioned county and part of l\lerioncthlhire. It extends .u miles in length, 25 in breadth, and 94 round, containing SiJJ,C)oo acres. This county is diviJed into 7 hundreds, and contains 5 market-towns, 47 pardbc3, about 5660 hend<'-" and 33,960 inha bitants. It lies in the three feveral diocefes of St. Afaph, Bang"r, and Hereford; but knds only two members ~o parliamcnt, one for the county, and one for the town of Montgomery. The air is plea("mt and falubrious: but this cOllnty, being extremeh" mountainOlls, is not very fertile, except in the vallies, which afford fome corn, and plenty ofp.llrllrc; huwever, the S. the S.~: and N. E. parts, being much more level, arc extremely fruitful, efpecially a pleafant vale through which thc Se\'ern glides in beautiful meanders.

Antiquities . * Montgomery Cafile, near the Severn, \. iew from it, and the HiB with four Top.' above it, founded 1093. Scenes, Situatiol1S, &t'. • Powis Came, 1 mile above \Velchpool, on the Severn. Vale of Dovy, S. W. of Machunlltth. Same Vale continued, and the whole Road to Dolgelly. Hengurt, I mile from Dolgelly. . . View from a Hill halfway between Llanwlllmg and \VelchpooI. Way fr011l Montgomery to WelchpooL . View from a Bridae I mile S. of Dmaimouthy, III the l\Iachunlleth ROld. Way from Pifiil-Rhaidr, by Llall-Rhaidr and LJllwiJling, to W tl\ch,go~!. T E ' E .\~ J·"Vi-' ::, •. ' A N G L ESE A.

NGLESEA, North Wales. This ifland and county was called bYlhe Romans Mona; A and by the Britons the Land of Man; but to exprefs the large forefrs with which it abounded, they fometimes difl:inguifhed it by the name of Y nis Dowylh. The Romans firft invaded it in the reign of the Emperor Nero; and-though it was bravely defended by the Britons, yet Julius Agricola at laft added it to the Roman conquefl:s. Some are of opinion, that this i/land, 10011 after the Romans withdrew from Bl itain, was in the polleffion of the Irifh; but what truth there may be in that conjeCture is very uncertain, The Saxons pluI)dered it in the reign of King Ethelred, and after them the Normans; and laft of all, the Englifh breught it under their fub. je.:tion, in the reign of King Edward I. at which time it was tirfl: -diftinguifhed by the name of Anglefea, or the EIlJ?;lifh i/land. This county contains 74 parilhes, and lies in the diocefe of B:Jf'Ror. According to common computation, it is 23 miles long, 16 broad, and 80 in circum ference, containing 200,OCO acres. It is divided into 6 hundreds, in which are 2 market-towns, about 1860 houfes, and 12,000 inhabitants. It lends 2 members to parliament, one whereof is for the county. As to its /ituation, it is furrounded by the Irifh Sea on all /ides but the S. E. where it is feparatet! from the county of Caernarvon by an arm of the fea, called Menay, or -Meneu. In regard to its air, it is accounted indiffc:rently good, except when the thick fogs arife from the Irifh Seas, which in autumn are very aguifh. As to its foil, though it appears fomewhat difagreeable to the eye, all rocky and mountainous, yet it is more fertile by far than its rough atpea promifes; for here is fuch a plenty, not only of corn and cattle, but of Ii/h, :Ilefh, and fowl, that the-natives call it in their language the Mother or Nurre of Wales. Here are likewife mill and grind fl:ones in abundance; as alfo a quantity of black timber-trees, like thq[e in Rumney-marfh, in 'the county of Kent. It is about 230 miles from London.

Antiquities. ;,:- Penmon Priory, N. E. of the ifland, founded 540'

Principal Curiojities. _.. Beaumaris Came. * Llanddwynwen Priory, near Caernarvon Bar. '* Holyhead Collegiate Church, on the coarl, founded 650. Place Newydd. B~::on Hill.

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'0;, 0;, .. ~ ~ ~ Co:l --. ~ \) j 1 ~ '~ I;l\ .~ ~ SOU T H W ALE S. B R E C K N 0 C K S H IRE. RECKNOCKSHIRE, S. Wales, an inland cou t . h d' .• 600,000 acres, and 3 ,000 inhabitants is m'le n y, III t e locefe of St. David s, contains B 6 l 0ng '~rke~-towns, 6 hundrells, and 6rparifhe's 1f fe~d s 2 , 2[; broad, al~ 106 round, and has 4 ;0' t~~ county. .As to its lituation, it is bo~nJed b y \h~ll~~:Jne/s ~f rrtrdlamcnt, one whereof 15 'tOllntles of Cardigan and Caermarthen on the \lV. by tho[c' o~ Ho ~ ~or ~tl\~e N. by the the E. and hy' Glamorganfhire on the S. The air of th' ~re 01 an ol~mouth on only on the hills, wh,ich i~ principally owing l0 the high ~~U~~~D17thS trilimi~ka~I~, mdd except on all fides. As to Its fad, that on the hills is for the moil: ' t b a e er It 10m t h e Winds feveral fprings, howe\'er, that ilfue out from the rocks which :a; thrrenll~nd, ll:~n\: there are as renders them very fertile, both in grafs and corn. ' Its princi~~r co~~aodlit~:n uc a Imanner, lilh, and otter,s fur; to there may be added fame manufactures of cloth and fi s a,re catt e, corn, confiderable rivers are the Uike, the "Vye and the Yrvon The!' d II,ockUlgjs. Its moll: , h fifh f ' k' db" ,e, an a Its nvu et' abound Wit a variOUS III s; ut the \'V yc and the Uike in particular are noted f 'h' 0, d the beft falmon. " 01 ne trout, an Antiquities. : Brecknock Caflle, and Priory Grounds, on the Uike, founded [O9/)' Blaen-L1eveny Caftle, near the head of the Lleveny near Brecknock '* Brwynllys Came, on the L1eveny. ' • • Crickl~owell Call:le, 14 miles from Brecknock, on the Uike. * Hay Caftle. HouJes, Scenes, and Situation!. Bualth, on the 'Vye. Fall of the Handy. '* Llanthew Cail:le, on the E. of the Handy. • Penkelly Caftle. *' Tretwar CalHe, in a vale 3 miles from Crickhowel.

CAR DIG A N S H IRE.

I A~DIGANSHJRE isbounde4 on the N, by a "nail part ofMerion~thfhi,re and Montgomery alICe; on the E. by Radnorfhlre and Brecknock/1mc; on the S. by Caermarthenfhire and f~ ,mbrbkefhire; and on. the W. by Cardigan Bay and St, George's Channel. It extends 42 miles in length, 20 in breadth, and 94 in circumference, containing 520,000 acres. It is divided into 5 hundreds, containing 6 markel-towns, and 64 pari/11cs. It lies in the dioccfe of St. David'G, and fends 2 members to parliament, I for the county, and I for, the town of Cardi~an, The air is milder here than in moll: parts of Wales. To the S. and' V, are plains fruitf,'!1 in corn ; but the N. and E .. parts are a continued ridge of mountains, which, compared with the rell:, are bleak and barren: yet in the worll: parts of this county there are pallures in which are bred flocks of fheep, and lal'ge herds of cattle. Here is alfo plenty of tame and wild fowl; and near the ri vers are found great numbers of etters. In the vallies are feveral lakes, and this ('ounty is we]) rupplied with fea. and river fith. However, coals and other fuel are fcarce; but the mountains abound with veins of lead and lilver are; and their mines have been worked feveral times to an advantage. Its rivers are the Tave, Rhidal, and the lll:with. Antiquities . • Cardigan Caftle and Priory, on the Tave, founded 1160, rlear the toafl, 26 miles from Haverfo

AERMARTHENSHIRE, South Wales, is boundrd on. the N. by Cardiganihire;, on the C S. by the Brill:ol Chal.lOel; on the W'. by Pembrokeihlre; and on the .E. b¥ Glamor_ ganlhire and Brecknocklhlre.. It e~ten~s In length from. ~.. to S. 35 mdes, I~ b~e~dtll from E. to \V. about 20, and IS 120 m circumference, containing 700,000 acres. It IS divided into 6 hundreds and contains 6 market-towns, and 87 parilhes; is in the diocefe of St. David's. and the provinc~ of Canterbury. The only navigable rivers in this county are, the .Towy and the Tave. The air is ef!:eemed more mild and healthy than .that of moft of the ~elghbouring counties; and the foil, not being fo mountainous and rocky as m many other parts, IS more fruit_ ful in corn and grafs. It is well furnilhed with wood, feeds a vaft number of cattle, abounds with fowl and fiJh, particularly falmon; contains many mines of pit-coals; and fends one mem ber to parliament. Antiquities.

llo Caer-Kenin Call:Ie, S. E. of Llandilovawr . .. Dencfawr Caftie, near thc Tbwy, S. W. of the (arne place • .. Caermarthen Call:le, on the Towy, a Saxon building • .. Green Caftie, near the laft, founded 1138. ,.. Kidwelly Caftie, S. E. uf Caermarthen, one mile from the fea, I fgO • .. Llanil:ephan Caftie, W. of Towy Mouth, 9 miles from Caermarthen, 113,8 • .. Laugharne Caftie, W. of the laft, near the mouth of the Tave, J.2 miles from Caer marthen. Aberguilly Palace, E. ofCaermarthen, near the Towy.

Scenes,.. Situations, Houfes, & Co. Grongar Hill, 8 miles from Caermarthen. Road from Llanidowry to Llandilovawr. Newton Park, I~ mile from Llandilovawr. Road from Llandillo to Neath over the mountains.

R A B N 0- R S H IRE.

ADNO~SHIRE, South 'Yales, is houl!ded on the N. by Montgomerylhire; on the E. bV R Shropfhlre and Herefordlhlre; on the ::i. and S. W. by Brecknocklhire· and on the W )~ ~ardiganfhire. It extends 30 miles in length, 25 in breadth, and 9° in cir~umference, con~ ammg 310,000 acres. ThiS county is divided into 6 hundreds,. in which are contained 3 market-towns 52 pariilies ,bout ~160 hou(es, and 18,960 inhabitants. It is feated in the diocefe of Hereford: and fends; nembers to paritamcnt, 1 for the county, and I for the town of Radnor. The air of this county is in wjnt~r cold and piercing. The foil in g'eneral is but indifferent; 'et fome places produce corn, particularly the eaftern and f~uthern parts; but in the northern .nd wefiern, whIch are mOuntalllOu~, the land is chiefly ftocked with horned cattle, iheep, and ~oats. Antiquities. Cafile Payne, S. S. "\'7. of New Radnor. Came Colwen, or Maud's Cafiie, N. E. of Bualth. Abbey of Cwmhir, N . .E. of Rhaiadr-Gwy, near the !thon;

Scenes, Situations,. Haufes, &c. ~h~~dr-Gwy, the Fall of the Wye, in the N. plrt of the county. Kmgnton, on. the T emd, N, of Prefteign. 'V. GLAMORGANSHIR.E. ' ~

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LAMORGANSHIRE, South Wale>, derived its name from a contraction of the Wclfh words Gwlad. Morgan, or the county of Morgan, and is (uppo(ed to have been thus called fromG a Prince of thiS part of th~ count'f, (aid to hav~ been killed 800 ytJfS before the birth of aur Saviour i but fome oth~r w~ltcrs den~e. the name from ~he word Mor, which, in the Britifh tongue, figl1lfi~s the fea, thiS being a maritime county. It IS bounded on the S. and part of the W. by the Bnftol Channel; on the N. W. by Caern:tart~enf1l1re; on the ~. by Brecknockfhire ; and on the E. by Monl!l0u.thfhlre. It extends. 4? mIles 111 length trom .E .. to W. 27 i.n breadth from N. to S. and 116111 circumference, containing 5+0,:OJ acres; and IS In the diocefe of Lan

Antiquities.

II' Caerphilly Caf'Je, near t~e Rhymny, and the borders of Monmouthfhire, 8 miles N. of CarditTc and Landafr. '* Coity Cafile, N. of Bridge-End, founded 109 I . .. St Donat's Cafile on the [ea-coall, near Nalh Point, a Britifh building. Markan Abbey, on ;he coait, S. E. of Aberavon, 5 miles from Pile. KynfiO' Cafile, S. E. of the laft. '* Cardiffe Came and Church, near the S. coall: and the Tave, 12 miles from New.. port, founded 1100. Ii' Neath Abb.ey, W. of Neat~, 6 miles ['.T. E. of Swanfey, lIS!· '* Llanblythaln CaH:le, near CaerphIlly. '* Ewenny Priory, 1141. '* Landatf Church and Palace, 1120. . . '* Morlafhe CafHe, on the N. border of the county, near Brecknockflme• .. Oyllermouth CaHle, near the Severn. '* Penrice Caftk, in \Veft Gowerland, near the Severn. '* Swan(cy Call1e, II 13' ." 11.' ·1 d '" W etley Caftle, near W ormfhead POlllt, lil \\ elL Gowel ~.n .

Scenes, SitllatioJlS, Houfes, &c. , {i f he mountains of Rugomrock, in the way from Beac?n, 0 \ a~en~ft~hee It;t;~ o(t;,~~~ ~t LantrifEult, ~ miles from Caerphilly. It IS 14- teet

diameter. 'f[" New Houfe, the View from it, near CardlI1e• The Knoll, N. E. of Neath. Brecon Ferr~, S. of Neath, and E., of S~an((y. d by tJl~ Heights of Clanditham to Road from Bridge-End, and to Cowbndge, an Cardiffe. PEMBROKESHIP.E, P E M B R 0 K E ~ H I R E ..

.pE:\lBROKESHIRE is the S. W. extremity of Wales; der~ves its name from PelDbrok~"tM. county town; and is bounded on the E. by Caermarthenflure; on the N. E. by CardIgan. fhire., and on all other lides by the Iriili Sea. It extends in length from N: to S. 26 miles, from :E. to W. 20, and'is abeut 93 in circumference, containing 420,000 acres. It is·.divided into 7 hundreds, in which are I.city, 8 market-towns, I4s'parifhes, about 4300 houfes, and 25,9:)0 in. habitants. It lies.in the province"of Canterbury, anddioce[e of St. Oll\'ici's. The air of Pembroke/hire is efrcemed very falubrious, and the foil is fertile; for here are but few mou!lt~ins, and the fe, which are chiefly [eated in the N. E. part of the county, yield good pafrure for c~ttle and ilieep,: towards the fea-coafr, the land extends into rich meadows and corn-fields. The county abounds with horned cattle, lheep. &c. and wild fowl of various kinds, fame of which are [elclom feen in any other part of Rritain. Thefe are m4!;ratory fea .. birds, that breed in the ine of Ramfey, and the adjoining rerles, called'the BifllOP and his Clerks. Thither yearly refort, about the beginning of April, fuch Bocks of birds of feveral forts, as appear incredible to thore who have net feen them. They come to there rocks in the night-time, and leave them al[o in the night; for in the evening the rocks lhall be covered with them, and the next morning not.a bird is to be feen. In tbe fame manner not a lingle bird lhall appear in the evening, and the next morning the rocks {ball be covered with- them. They alfo commonly make a virlt about Chrifrmas, fraying a week or longer, and then take their leave till breeding time. Among thefe birds are'the eligug, razor-bill" puffing, and harry-bird. The eligug lays ~\lt Olle eg;;, which, as well as thofe of the puffin and razor-bill, is as big as a duck's, but longer and [maIler at one end. She never leaves this egg till it is hatched, nor then till the young one is able to follow her, and {b~ is all this time fed by the male. This and the razor~bill breed Ilpon the Lllre rocks, \\·jthout any [ort ofnefr. The puffin ::nd the harry-bird breed in boles, and commonly in thore of the rabbits; but [ometimes they dig holes with their beaks. The harry ~~irJ3 are never [.;en on land, but when taken. AILthe four kinds cannot rai[e them[elves to By away when they are on land, and therefore they creep or waddle to the cliffs, and throwing themrelves off, take W;Rg. The ciigug is the fame bird which they call in Cornwall a kiddaw, and in Yorkfhire a {kout. The razor-bill is the merrc of Cornwall. The puffin is the arCl:ick duck of Clulius; and the harry-bird the lhirewater of Sir Thomas Brown. This county is well rupplied with ·filh of all kinds; and among the rocks, upon feme part of this co.lir, particularly ncar'st. David's, they gather in the' [pring a kind of alga, or fea-weed, called laver, of which they make a [art oUooe, called in Welch Ihavan, and in Englilh 'black butter. Having wafhod it clean, they lay it to [we at between two Bat £tanes,. then {b.~ it [mall, and knead it well, like dough for bread, and afterwards make it up into great balls or rolls, which fame eat raw, and others fry with oat-meal and·butter., It is accounted excellent againll: all difrempcrs of the liver and fpleen, and fome affirm, that they have been relieved by it ill the {barpefr fits of the frone. Great quantity of pit-coal is found here, and culm; but there does. not appear to be any ma nufaCl:ure,

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Antiquities.

*. Tenby Cafile,. on the S. coafi, near Cat:rmarthenfhire, 10 miles from Pembroke; founded 1072. * Carew Cafile, N. W. of Tenby, 3 miles from Pembroke. it- Lantphey Court, founded 1335.

II Narbeth Cafile, E. of Haverford-Wefi; • Llehaiden CaIHe, E. N. E. of Haverford-\Veft, 1616~ • Manorbeer Cafile, W. of Tenby, on the coaft. *" Pembroke Came, E. of Milford-Haven, 1110. * Haverford-Weft Cafile, on the Cledhew, 10 miles from Pembroke Priory, near the fermer. * PiCl:on Cafile, S. W. of Haverford, 1076. * St. David's Cathedral and Palace, on the coaft, 1080• • ' Newport Cafile, near the mouth of the Nhefern, 1215. " St. Dogmeal's Priory, near the Teivy, W. of Cardigan, 1100• •. Kellgarren Cafile, on the Teivy, S. S, E.of Cardigan, and the Fall of the Teivy; near it.

Scenes, Situations, HOllies, &c. Mr. Campbell's, Hooke's, Lord Lion'S, near Haverford-Weft. Milford-Haven, up Pembroke and Haverford rivers. St. Gowon's Cave, 3 miles from Pembroke, to S. 'V,

iSLE I S L E o F MAN.

SLE OF MAN. This Bland lies between England and the N. ofIreland, and is about t(J leagues difiant from the county of Cumberland, its S: end lying oyer-again,fi that county, and Ithe N. end a~ainfi Scotland. Its length, from N. to S. IS above 30 mIles, and Its breadth between Hand 10. Its mofi general divifion is into N. and S. and it contains 17 parithes, called kirks. Its divifion, with regard to its civil government, is into 6 lheedings, everyone having its proper coroner, who is in the nature of a ilierilf, is entrufied with the peace of his di{lrict, fecures cri minals, brings them to jullice, &c. The Lord Chief-Jufiice Coke fays, Their laws were fuch as are fcarce to be found any where el(e. The inhabitants are of the fame religion with the church of England. The Bithop is fiiled Biiliop of Sodor and Man. It is in the dio cefe of York. The Bilhop has under him an Archdeacon, and the clergy- are generally natives, none elfe being qUllified to preach, &c. in the Manks language. The Biiliop was formerly rec koned a Baron, but does not fit in the Houfe of Peers, but is allowed the highe!l: feat in the lower Haufe of Convocation. "The people are orderly, civilized, and courteous to firangers, and they ufe the Erfe language, a dialect fpoken in the highlands of Scotland, with a mixture of fome Greek, Latin, and \V'elch words, and many of Engliili original. Thin oat-cakes is their com mon bread. Their commodities are black cattle, lambs, wool, fine and coarfe linen, coarfe woolen cloth, hides, ikins, honey, "and tallow; but herrings were formerly their !l:aple commo dity. The foil here is very different: the Curragh, a long tract of land, runs the breadth of the ilk, formerly a bog, but fince drained, and fupplies the neighbourhood with bread, and peat for fuel. There is a ridge of mountains runs almofi the length of the ilIe, from whence they have abundance of good water from the ri,'ulets and fprings; and Snafield, the highefi, rifes about 580 yards. The air is iliarp and cold in winter, the frofis iliort, and the fnow, efpecially near the fea, lies not long on the ground. Their cattle and horfes are fmall, and they have hadZers, foxes, eagles, and mettled hawks. Here are quarries of good !I:one, rocks of lime Hone and red free-Hone, and good ilate, with (orne mines of lead, copper, and iron. Its trade was very great before the year '726; but the late Lord Derby farming out his cufioms to fo reigners, the infolcnce of thofe farmers drew on the iiland the refentment of the government of ,England, who by an act of parliament deprived the inhabitants of a fair trade with this kingdom. ThIS naturally introduced a c1andeftine commerce, which they carried on with England and Ireland with prodi6ious (uccefs, and an immenfc quantity of foreign goods was annually run into both kingdoms, till the government, in 1765, thought proper to put an entire fiop to it, by purchafing the illand of the Duke of Athol, and permitting a free trade with England. On the JIttle lile of Peele, on the vV'. fide of Man, is a town of the fame name, with a fortified cafile. Before the S. promontory of Man is a little iiland called the Calf of Man: it is about 3 miles 1Il CI:CUlt, and fq1arated from Man by a channel about 2 furlongs broau. At one time of the year It abounds WIth puffins, and alfo with a fpecies of ducks and drakes, by the Engliili called D.lrn

Antiquities. Cafile Ruthin, at CaRleton, the S. end of the iiland. Peel CallIe, and St. German's Church, on a fmall ifland to the N. W. of Peel. The Nunnery, near Douglas, to VI[. The Snafield, 1740 feet high.

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The higher lands a\e diverfified by gritty, gravelly, fl:ony, ,: ,.\ h,w :n",,~d ; the lower by a ~eep, nch, and heavy lOll. C( he middle part of the illand is ,¥Jl1',.'w,-\?t ' ntall10us, and to thick planted wllh trees, that at a difl:ance it rtfembles one entire loreft, :h,ow;h ;n walking through it there is, hardly a thick~t, or any thing to be f~en, but hedge ro:·.'~ ,,'u of."ards of apple-trees. The yallies under the hills are finely watered with brooks, and "n, -·I"~.~,. of cattle and fmall,!heep, with very fi~e wool. The horfes are good for draught, but few j,t ,'e faddle. The l!land produces vanety of trees, roots, and herbs' but not corn ';,hugn ~.[ ! !'e inhabitants, who therefore fend for it to England and France, a~d Comctimes to l: 'I' ie. ,~, he fi~lds are indoCed by gre~t mo~nds of earth, raifed from 6 to 8 or 10 feet high, pru;J I' '0!l':'y thick and foild, planted WIth qUlckfets and trees . •,'~, ~he air ,tthis !Oand is ve:y healthy, thofe of the inhabitants who are,temperate live to a great a<:_ , lUt L,'-· coall: IS very fubJeB: to fiorms by wefierly w1I1ds, from whIch they have no land to {'l'.','cL[ ,hem nearer than North America; and there is a valt chain of rocks about the iOand, among which the tides and currents are fo firon~ and rapid, that the navigation is extremely dangerous to thofe who are not perfeCtly acquainted with the coafi. The inhabitants. who are computed to amount to above 20,000, h.ll'e a mixture of Engli!h and French; but the French is moil: generally the language both of the pulpit and the bar. The fiaple manufaCture is knit f10Ckings and caps, many thoufand pair of which are weekly fold at St. Helier to the merchants. Their principal iC'l'ci!;Il trade is to Newfoundland, whither,. particularly in 1732, they fent 2+ ihips; thefe proceed from thence to the lVlediterranean to dif-, pofe of thei r fi!h. , The chief officer is. the Governor, who has the cull:ody of his l\Ljdl) 's cafiles. I SL E OF G U ERN S' E Y. UERNSEY-ISLE, Hamp!hire. It is fituated in the Britifh Channel. It extends G from E. to W. in the form of a harp"and is 13~ miles frem the S. W. to the N. E. and 12:. where broadefi, from E. to W. The air is very bealthy, and the foil naturally more rich and fertile than that of Jerfey; but the inhabitants neblect the cultivation of the land for the fake of commerce; they are, however, fufficiently fupplicd with corn and cattle, both for their own ufe and that of their fnips. The il1and is well fortified by nature with a ridge of rocks, one of which abounds with emery, uled by lapidaries in the polilhing of fiones, and by various other artificers. Here is a better harbour than any in Jerfey, which occaflOns its being mor.e reCorted to by merchants; and on the S. fide the !hore ben~L, in the form of a crekent, mclohng a, bay capable of receIving very large !hIpS. The 10and IS famous for ~ beautiful Rower, called Itlmll; /arnienfe, the leave, of whIch are, covered WIth fpanglcs rtfembllng gold du!t, It IS full of gar dens and orchards, whence cyder IS fo plentiful, that the common people ule It mfiead of fmall beer, and the more wealthy drink French wine. I S L E OF S A It K E. ARKE, or SERKE, is a fin all i/land in St. George's Channel, dependent on Guernfey, S The air is ferene, and generally free from fogs and clouds; and~ though they have no phy ficians in the ilIand, it is common to meet men of upwards ot fourfco~e year,s ot age: It COIl tains fix fine fprings; and the foil, though fo~ the moll l;ar~ hot and tandy, IS (0 fruitful as to afford all necelfarico for its inhabitants, and I~ well fioc,,:d vllth apple-trees;, It alfo produces mofi kinds of grain, but not in any extraordInary quantity. TheIr pafiurc IS {bort, t~l.Ou!;h exceeding fweet, and therefore they have fine mutton; but no more CO'.1'5 than are fuffiClent to fupply them with milk and butter; for they have generally theIr cheefe from El'gland. lh~ ifland alfo abounds ,.,ith ducks, mallard, woodcocks, teal, and other wrId fowl; and the cldt pigeons, at fome ft:afons, almofi cover the whole illand. Of rabbits they have gn:at plenty, and allo a variety of fea-fi!h. . . ,.' '/l.' 'h' I The chief manllfaCtun: ill the l/land IS knlttll1g of fl:ockwgs, sloves, and wallLcoats, 111 \I IC 1 the men, women, and children,. are eml,loycd. SCI L L Y SCILLY I S LAN D S.

'S CILLY ISLANDS and ROCKS, in the mid-way between the 'Britilh and Ermol Chotn .. " nels, ar.e about 145 in number, and 66 miles 'from the Land's-End, in Cornwall, to which they are fuppofed to have been formerly joined, but feparated both from it, and from each other, by fome violent irruptions of the fea, which is here between 40 and 60 fathom deep. Th p ,! '",P'" conquered by EtheHhn, one of the Saxon Kings. Sciny, which gives nam to "i! th,' reft. Wl~ once the chief; but St. Mary's-Wand, though only 9 miles round, is the h as weli ",'; ~h~ mof!: fruitful, and has a very good harbour, fortified by a caf1:1e which was budt ;'! 'i_,I_~ ,n l-:ii zabeth. St. Mary's contains more inhabitants than all the refl: put together, and ",:ho ;,:'e Jllr. tli.

richef!:. Likewife in this, and in two or three other of the largefl: illands, t! re are 'I .IIt, anti ,quities, particularly the remains of temples of the Druids, and ancient iCI'!khci; 'Lc.t t!lC

greatefl: ornament of this ifland, is the light-haufe, 51 feet high, and tL b-•• cr~ is

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