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Haiti in Distress: the Impact of the 2010 Earthquake on Citizen Lives and Perceptions1

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Haiti in Distress: the Impact of the 2010 Earthquake on Citizen Lives and Perceptions1 Haiti in Distress: The Impact of the 2010 Earthquake on 1 Citizen Lives and Perceptions Dominique Zéphyr, M.A. LAPOP Research Coordinator Vanderbilt University Abby Córdova, Ph.D. Vanderbilt University With assistance from Hugo Salgado Mitchell A. Seligson Scientific Coordinator and Editor of the Series Vanderbilt University This study was done with support from the Program in Democracy and Governance of the United States Agency for International Development. The opinions expressed in this study are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the point of view of the United States Agency for International Development. March, 2011 1 We would like to thank Dr. Margaret Sarles for her important guidance in the design of this study. Authors can be reached at: [email protected], [email protected] Table of Contents Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................... ix List of Tables .............................................................................................................................. xiii Preface ........................................................................................................................................ xv Executive Summary .................................................................................................................. xvii Introductory Chapter ................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter I. Background, Survey Design, and Population Characteristics ............................... 3 Background of the Study ............................................................................................................ 3 Sample Design ............................................................................................................................ 5 Demographic and Socio-Economic Characteristics of Respondents .......................................... 7 Part I: Core Elements of Democracy before and after the Earthquake ................................ 13 Chapter II. Assessing the Effects of the Earthquake on Democratic Governance and Citizen’s Political Attitudes and Behavior ........................................................... 15 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 15 Democratic Governance ............................................................................................................ 15 Citizens’ Political Attitudes and Behavior ................................................................................ 16 Methodological Framework ...................................................................................................... 17 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 25 Chapter III. Democratic Values and Citizens’ Political Views after the Earthquake .......... 27 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 27 Citizen Evaluation of Government and Civil Society Response to the Earthquake ................. 28 Support for Democracy ............................................................................................................. 29 Support for Democracy in Comparative Perspective .......................................30 Support for Democracy before and after the Earthquake ................................31 Personal Experience with the Earthquake and Support for Democracy ..........33 Satisfaction with Democracy .................................................................................................... 36 Satisfaction with Democracy in Comparative Perspective ..............................37 Satisfaction with Democracy and the Earthquake ...........................................38 Support for the Political System ............................................................................................... 39 Support for the Political System in Comparative Perspective .........................40 Support for the Political System before and after the Earthquake ...................41 Interpersonal Trust .................................................................................................................... 43 Interpersonal Trust in Comparative Perspective ..............................................44 Interpersonal Trust before and after the Earthquake ........................................45 ©LAPOP: Page iii Table of Contents Personal Experience with the Earthquake and Interpersonal Trust .................47 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 50 Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 51 Chapter IV. Crime, Perception of Insecurity, and Support for the Rule of Law ................. 53 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 53 Perception of Insecurity ............................................................................................................ 54 Perception of Insecurity before and after the Earthquake ................................55 Personal Experience with the Earthquake and Perception of Insecurity .........57 Crime Victimization.................................................................................................................. 58 Crime Victimization in Haiti in Comparative Perspective ..............................61 Crime Victimization Trends ............................................................................62 Personal Experience with the Earthquake and Crime Victimization ...............64 Other Characteristics of the Victims ................................................................67 Support for the Rule of Law ..................................................................................................... 68 Support for the Rule of Law in Comparative Perspective ...............................69 Support for the Rule of Law before and after the Earthquake .........................70 Determinants of Support for the Rule of Law .................................................72 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 74 Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 75 Chapter V. The Justice System .................................................................................................. 77 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 77 Trust in the Justice System ....................................................................................................... 78 Trust in the Justice System in Comparative Perspective .................................79 Trust in the Justice System over Time .............................................................80 Determinants of Trust in the Justice System....................................................82 Trust in the Haitian National Police .......................................................................................... 84 Trust in the Haitian National Police over Time ...............................................85 Determinants of Trust in the Haitian National Police ......................................87 Approval of Civilians Enforcing the Law instead of the Proper Institutions ........................... 89 Approval of Civilians Taking the Law into their Own Hands in Comparative Perspective .................................................................................90 Changing Levels of Approval of Civilians Taking the Law into their Own Hands.......................................................................................................91 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................... 93 Appendix ................................................................................................................................... 94 ©LAPOP: Page iv Table of Contents Chapter VI. Corruption ............................................................................................................. 95 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 95 The Measurement of Corruption ............................................................................................... 97 Perception of Corruption in Haiti ............................................................................................. 98 Perception of Corruption in Comparative perspective .....................................98 Perception of Corruption over time ...............................................................100 Corruption Victimization in Haiti ........................................................................................... 102 Corruption Victimization in Comparative
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