Richard Semon – Wikipedia
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University of Tartu Sign Systems Studies
University of Tartu Sign Systems Studies 32 Sign Systems Studies 32.1/2 Тартуский университет Tartu Ülikool Труды по знаковым системам Töid märgisüsteemide alalt 32.1/2 University of Tartu Sign Systems Studies volume 32.1/2 Editors: Peeter Torop Mihhail Lotman Kalevi Kull M TARTU UNIVERSITY I PRESS Tartu 2004 Sign Systems Studies is an international journal of semiotics and sign processes in culture and nature Periodicity: one volume (two issues) per year Official languages: English and Russian; Estonian for abstracts Established in 1964 Address of the editorial office: Department of Semiotics, University of Tartu Tiigi St. 78, Tartu 50410, Estonia Information and subscription: http://www.ut.ee/SOSE/sss.htm Assistant editor: Silvi Salupere International editorial board: John Deely (Houston, USA) Umberto Eco (Bologna, Italy) Vyacheslav V. Ivanov (Los Angeles, USA, and Moscow, Russia) Julia Kristeva (Paris, France) Winfried Nöth (Kassel, Germany, and Sao Paulo, Brazil) Alexander Piatigorsky (London, UK) Roland Posner (Berlin, Germany) Eero Tarasti (Helsinki, Finland) t Thure von Uexküll (Freiburg, Germany) Boris Uspenskij (Napoli, Italy) Irina Avramets (Tartu, Estonia) Jelena Grigorjeva (Tartu, Estonia) Ülle Pärli (Tartu, Estonia) Anti Randviir (Tartu, Estonia) Copyright University of Tartu, 2004 ISSN 1406-4243 Tartu University Press www.tyk.ut.ee Sign Systems Studies 32.1/2, 2004 Table of contents John Deely Semiotics and Jakob von Uexkiill’s concept of um welt .......... 11 Семиотика и понятие умвельта Якоба фон Юксюолла. Резюме ...... 33 Semiootika ja Jakob von Uexkülli omailma mõiste. Kokkuvõte ............ 33 Torsten Rüting History and significance of Jakob von Uexküll and of his institute in Hamburg ......................................................... 35 Якоб фон Юкскюлл и его институт в Гамбурге: история и значение. -
Memes in a Digital World: Reconciling with a Conceptual Troublemaker
Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication Memes in a Digital World: Reconciling with a Conceptual Troublemaker Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/jcmc/article-abstract/18/3/362/4067545 by Elsevier user on 27 April 2020 Limor Shifman Department of Communication and Journalism, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91905, Israel This paper re-examines the concept of ‘‘meme’’ in the context of digital culture. Defined as cultural units that spread from person to person, memes were debated long before the digital era. Yet the Internet turned the spread of memes into a highly visible practice, and the term has become an integral part of the netizen vernacular. After evaluating the promises and pitfalls of memes for understanding digital culture, I address the problem of defining memes by charting a communication-oriented typology of 3 memetic dimensions: content, form, and stance. To illustrate the utility of the typology, I apply it to analyze the video meme ‘‘Leave Britney Alone.’’ Finally, I chart possible paths for further meme-oriented analysis of digital content. Key words: digital culture, imitation, Internet memes, ‘‘Leave Britney alone’’, memes, user-generated-content, YouTube doi:10.1111/jcc4.12013 Memes in a Digital World: Reconciling With a Conceptual Troublemaker Memes are a pain. Or so at least a glance into the world of academic literature would suggest. Ever since Richard Dawkins coined the term in 1976 to describe gene-like infectious units of culture that spread from person to person, memes have been the subject of constant academic debate, derision, and even outright dismissal. Recently, however, the concept once kicked out the door by many academics is coming back through the Windows (and other operating systems) of Internet users. -
What Happened to Memetics?
What happened to Memetics? Øyvind Vada It is almost 30 years ago since Richard Dawkins was given credit for introducing the meme as a concept for studying cultural evolution. Despite the growing interest for both evolution and complexity in the social sciences, the highly controversial field of Memetics has been accused for being a fad and a pseudoscience, never able to establish itself as a recognized research program (Atran 2001, Bribiesca, 2001, Polichak, 2002 Hallpike, 2011, Bergman 2012). Some 10 years ago it was even sentenced to death by some academics in the field (Edmonds, 2002, 2005). This article examines the status of Memetics, and suggests ways to make it grow further as a scientific discipline. Introduction Memetics is the study of how memes spread in social systems and how they impact us as individual agents. Memes are sustainable information units influencing and forming us, impacting the social systems we belong to. Sustainable Memes spread successfully among us, and can be regarded both as semiotic signs out there in the world, and objects in our minds. Memes are naturally selected and adapted by human beings based on “competition” within our consciousness. The fittest and best-adapted memes will have a better diffusion than the ones which do not fit into the cultural systems they are competing within. In the literature of Memetics, the term “competition” is not discussed in detail. To say that something like memes could be competing does not necessarily impose consciousness and intent to them. Animals in nature are not conscious of a competition either, but as observers we can apply the term competition to describe their interaction, diffusion of genes and adaptation to the environment within or among individuals, groups and populations. -
Richard Semon and Russellâ•Žs Analysis of Mind
rticles RICHARD SEMON AND RUSSELL’S ANALYSIS OF MIND Christopher Pincock Philosophy / Purdue U. West Lafayette, in 47907, usa [email protected] Russell’s study of the biologist and psychologist Richard Semon is traced to contact with the experimental psychologist Adolf Wohlgemuth and dated to the summer of 1919. This allows a new interpretation of when Russell embraced neutral monism and presents a case-study in Russell’s use of scientific results for philosophical purposes. Semon’s distinctive notion of mnemic causation was used by Russell to clarify both how images referred to things and how the exist- ence of images could be reconciled with a neutral monist metaphysics. i f the many shifts in Russell’s philosophy, one of the most dra- matic concerns the metaphysics of neutral monism in the 1913– O27 period. According to neutral monism all particulars fall into a single metaphysical category. The position is neutral, though, because, unlike materialism or idealism, this one metaphysical category is made up of entities that are intrinsically neither physical nor mental. Mental or physical entities arise, on this view, only when the neutral elements are related in appropriate ways. In 1913,intheTheory of Knowledge manu- script, Russell ascribes neutral monism to Mach and William James, and criticizes it at length. By 1927’s Analysis of Matter Russell identifies his own metaphysics of events with neutral monism. Sitting nearly in the middle of this period is the vexing book The Analysis of Mind (1921), and one of its most troubling features is Russell’s indecisiveness about neutral monism and the compatibility of neutral russell: the Journal of Bertrand Russell Studies n.s.