DOCSLIB.ORG

UNIVERSITY of OSLO Section 1: RDF and SHACL

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
UNIVERSITY of OSLO Section 1: RDF and SHACL IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 Front Page UNIVERSITY OF OSLO Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Examination in IN3060/IN4060 Day of examination: 7 June 2019 Examination hours: 9:00–13:00 Place: Sal 3D Silurveien 2 Permitted aids: All written material The exam consists of 5 sections with equal weight. In multiple choice questions 1b, 3h and 3i, you get a negative score for wrong answers, but never less than 0 for the whole question. In question 1c, you get 0 for a wrong answer. In questions 4g to 4k, you only obtain points if all answers in each question are correct. Section 1: RDF and SHACL Section 1: RDF and SHACL 1/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 1(a) RDF and Turtle Consider the following triples in Turtle notation: @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix xsd: <http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#> . @prefix world: <http://world.org/> . @prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> . world:Oslo a world:City ; world:hasMayor [foaf:name "Marianne Borgen"; foaf:gender "female"]; world:isCityInCountry world:Norway . world:Norway a world:Country ; world:hasCapital world:Oslo ; world:hasPopulation "5258000"^^xsd:int ; world:hasName "Norway"@en , "Norge"@no . How many triples are these? How many of these triples have a blank node as subject? How many of these triples have a blank node as object? How many of these triples have an IRI reference as object? How many of these triples have an object of datatype xsd:string? Maximum marks: 5 2/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 1(b) RDF data model In this question, right answers give 0.5 points, wrong answers give -0.5 points, but with a minumim total score of 0. Assume we have the following defined prefixes: @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix geo: <http://geo.example.org/> . @prefix : <http://example.org/> . Is the statement a valid triple in the Turtle serialization? No Yes "Milano"@it . _:a _:a _:a . [ [] [] ] . :Paris, :Oslo rdf:type geo:City . :a :a :a . :NewYork :hasPopulation 8600000 . :Oslo rdf:type :Oslo . [ a :Box] . "Paris"^^geo:Place a geo:Place . :Oslo :sameAs "Oslo"^^geo:Place . Maximum marks: 5 3/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 1(c) SHACL vs. OWL Can SHACL and a validator be used to detect (some) inconsistent information in an RDF graph? (e.g. detect if a dataset gives two different personal ID numbers for a person, more than two parents, etc.) Select one alternative: Yes No Can OWL and a reasoner be used to detect (some) inconsistent information in an RDF graph? (e.g. detect if a dataset gives two different personal ID numbers for a person, more than two parents, etc.) Select an alternative Yes No Can SHACL and a validator be used to detect (some) missing information in an RDF graph? (e.g. the personal ID number of a person in the dataset is missing) Select an alternative Yes No Can OWL and a reasoner be used to detect (some) missing information in an RDF graph? (e.g. the personal ID number of a person in the dataset is missing) Select an alternative Yes No Can SHACL and a validator be used to infer (some) implicit information in an RDF graph? (e.g. add information about a person’s uncles, based on information about brothers and parents) Select an alternative Yes No Can OWL and a reasoner be used to infer (some) implicit information in an RDF graph? (e.g. add information about a person’s uncles, based on information about brothers and parents) Select an alternative Yes No Maximum marks: 6 4/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 1(d) SHACL validation Given the following SHACL shape @prefix world: <http://sws.ifi.uio.no/ont/world.owl#> . @prefix sh: <http://www.w3.org/ns/shacl#> . world:CityShape a sh:NodeShape; sh:targetClass world:City; sh:property [ sh:path world:isCityInCountry ; sh:minCount 1; sh:maxCount 1; sh:nodeKind sh:IRI ; sh:class world:Country ; ] . And the following data: :Paris a world:City ; world:hasName "Paris"@fr ; world:isCityInCountry :France . :France world:hasName "France"@fr . There will be an error when validating the RDF graph with respect to the SHACL shape. a) Explain why there is a validation error, and how the error can be fixed. Skriv tekst her b) Could it be fixed by adding an rdfs:range statement for world:isCityInCountry? Fill in your answer here Maximum marks: 4 Section 2: SPARQL Section 2: SPARQL In this section, you can use the following namespaces: bank - http://bank.example.org/ person - http://person.example.org/ xsd - http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# foaf - http://xmlns.com/foaf/ rdfs - http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema# rdf - http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns# and the following RDFS classes and properties: bank:Bank - The class of all banks. foaf:Person - The class of persons, e.g. bank customers. 5/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 bank:Account - The class of all bank accounts bank:Balance - The class of all balances. A balance gives an amount of money for some bank account at a specific point in time. bank:Transaction - The class of all transactions. A transaction moves an amount of money from one account to another, and it is accompanied by a text describing the transaction bank:accountAtBank - relationship between an account and the bank managing it. bank:accountHolder - relationship between an account and the customer it belongs to. bank:accountNumber - the bank account number of an account. bank:hasBalance - relationship between an account and its balance at some point in time. This should have type xsd:decimal bank:amount - relationship between a balance or transaction, and the amount of money. bank:date - relationship between a balance or transaction, and its xsd:dateTime. bank:fromAccount - relationship between a transaction and the account money is coming from bank:toAccount - relationship between a transaction and the account money is going to bank:text - relationship betwee a transaction and it’s comment text foaf:name - Relationship between something/someone (customer, bank) and a string denoting its name Below are some example triples: bank:DLB a bank:Bank ; foaf:name "Drømmeland Banken" . person:peter a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Peter Pan" . person:hook a foaf:Person ; foaf:name "Captain Hook" . bank:dsb10001 a bank:Account ; bank:accountAtBank bank:DSB ; bank:accountHolder person:peter ; bank:accountNumber 10001 ; bank:hasBalance [ a bank:Balance ; bank:amount "12345.67"^^xsd:decimal ; bank:date "2010-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] . bank:dsb10002 a bank:Account ; bank:accountAtBank bank:DSB ; bank:accountHolder person:hook ; bank:accountNumber 10002 ; bank:hasBalance [ a bank:Balance ; bank:amount "765432.10"^^xsd:decimal ; bank:date "2010-01-01T00:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ] . [] a bank:Transaction ; bank:toAccount bank:dsb10002 ; bank:fromAccount bank:dsb10001 ; bank:date "2010-01-02T09:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; bank:amount "1000.00"^^xsd:decimal ; bank:text "For flying lessons" . [] a bank:Transaction ; bank:toAccount bank:dsb10001 ; bank:fromAccount bank:dsb10002 ; bank:date "2010-01-03T09:00:00"^^xsd:dateTime ; bank:amount "500.00"^^xsd:decimal ; bank:text "Loan of hook" . 6/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 2(a) Accounts and Account holders Write a SPARQL query that lists the bank account number of every account in bank:DLB, and the name of its holder Fill in your answer here 1 Maximum marks: 4 7/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 2(b) Conflicting Balances Write a SPARQL query that finds accounts that have balances giving different amounts of money at the same point in time. Print the account number and the dateTime. Fill in your answer here 1 Maximum marks: 4 8/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 2(c) Account statement Write a SPARQL query that lists all transactions going in or out of the account dlb:10001. Your output should have three columns: the dateTime of the transaction the amount in (empty when the transaction goes out from the account) the amount out (empty when the transaction goes into the acount) when in out 2010-01-02T09:00:00 1000.00 2010-01-03T09:00:00 500.00 Fill in your answer here 1 Maximum marks: 4 9/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 2(d) Accounts with high inflow Write a SPARQL query that lists the total amount going into any account in 2010, provided this total is over 100000. The output should have two columns, the account number and the sum of incoming amounts. You can assume that different accounts have different account numbers. Fill in your answer here 1 Maximum marks: 4 10/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 2(e) Unused accounts Write a SPARL query that lists the number and account holder of every account that have not been involved in any transactions during 2018. Fill in your answer here 1 Maximum marks: 4 11/31 IN3060/IN4060/INF3580/INF4580 v19 Section 3: RDFS Inference Section 3: RDFS Inferences Assume we have the following prefixes: @prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> . @prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> . @prefix : <http://www.ifi.uio.no/bicycles#> . and let be the following set of (turtle) triples describing bicycles and the main components a bicycle is made of: frame, wheels and so-called group, which includes brakes, bottom bracket, derailleurs, hubs and shifters. (1) :Frame rdfs:subClassOf :BicyclePart . (2) :Wheel rdfs:subClassOf :BicyclePart . (3) :Group rdfs:subClassOf :BicyclePart . (4) :Brake rdfs:subClassOf :BicyclePart . (5) :hasFrame rdfs:domain :Bicycle (6) :hasFrame rdfs:range :Frame (7) :hasGroup rdfs:domain :Bicycle (8) :hasGroup rdfs:range :Group (9) :hasFrame rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart (10) :hasGroup rdfs:subPropertyOf :hasPart (11) :isFrameOf rdfs:domain :Frame .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing Rdfa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing
    RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing A collection of attributes and processing rules for extending XHTML to support RDF W3C Recommendation 14 October 2008 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-rdfa-syntax-20081014 Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdfa-syntax Previous version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/PR-rdfa-syntax-20080904 Diff from previous version: rdfa-syntax-diff.html Editors: Ben Adida, Creative Commons [email protected] Mark Birbeck, webBackplane [email protected] Shane McCarron, Applied Testing and Technology, Inc. [email protected] Steven Pemberton, CWI Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: PostScript version, PDF version, ZIP archive, and Gzip’d TAR archive. The English version of this specification is the only normative version. Non-normative translations may also be available. Copyright © 2007-2008 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract The current Web is primarily made up of an enormous number of documents that have been created using HTML. These documents contain significant amounts of structured data, which is largely unavailable to tools and applications. When publishers can express this data more completely, and when tools can read it, a new world of user functionality becomes available, letting users transfer structured data between applications and web sites, and allowing browsing applications to improve the user experience: an event on a web page can be directly imported - 1 - How to Read this Document RDFa in XHTML: Syntax and Processing into a user’s desktop calendar; a license on a document can be detected so that users can be informed of their rights automatically; a photo’s creator, camera setting information, resolution, location and topic can be published as easily as the original photo itself, enabling structured search and sharing.
    [Show full text]
  • Rdfs:Frbr– Towards an Implementation Model for Library Catalogs Using Semantic Web Technology
    rdfs:frbr– Towards an Implementation Model for Library Catalogs Using Semantic Web Technology Stefan Gradmann SUMMARY. The paper sets out from a few basic observations (biblio- graphic information is still mostly part of the ‘hidden Web,’ library au- tomation methods still have a low WWW-transparency, and take-up of FRBR has been rather slow) and continues taking a closer look at Se- mantic Web technology components. This results in a proposal for im- plementing FRBR as RDF-Schema and of RDF-based library catalogues built on such an approach. The contribution concludes with a discussion of selected strategic benefits resulting from such an approach. [Article copies available for a fee from The Haworth Document Delivery Service: 1-800-HAWORTH. E-mail address: <[email protected]> Web- site: <http://www.HaworthPress.com> © 2005 by The Haworth Press, Inc. All rights reserved.] Stefan Gradmann, PhD, is Head, Hamburg University “Virtual Campus Library” Unit, which is part of the computing center and has a mission of providing information management services to the university as a whole, including e-publication services and open access to electronic scientific information resources. Address correspondence to: Stefan Gradmann, Virtuelle Campusbibliothek Regionales Rechenzentrum der Universität Hamburg, Schlüterstrasse 70, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany (E-mail: [email protected]). [Haworth co-indexing entry note]: “rdfs:frbr–Towards an Implementation Model for Library Cata- logs Using Semantic Web Technology.” Gradmann, Stefan. Co-published simultaneously in Cataloging & Classification Quarterly (The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc.) Vol. 39, No. 3/4, 2005, pp. 63-75; and: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR): Hype or Cure-All? (ed: Patrick Le Boeuf) The Haworth Information Press, an imprint of The Haworth Press, Inc., 2005, pp.
    [Show full text]
  • Powl – a Web Based Platform for Collaborative Semantic Web Development
    Powl – A Web Based Platform for Collaborative Semantic Web Development Sören Auer University of Leipzig [email protected] Abstract: We outline Powl, an opensource, web-based semantic web develop- ment platform for PHP. It may be used as a foundational framework for seman- tic web applications. Powl allows parsing, storing, querying, manipulating, ver- sioning, serving and serializing RDF-S and OWL knowledge bases in a collaborative web enabled environment. Detailed project information, a demon- stration and complete source code of Powl is available at http://powl.sf.net. 1 Introduction In this demonstration paper we give an overview on Powl, a web based ontology management tool. Its capabilities include parsing, storing, querying, manipulating, versioning, serving and serializing RDF and OWL knowledge bases for different target audiences. For the semantic web researcher it may provide a test bed for rapid implementations of new approaches. For the web application developer it offers an object-oriented application programming interface for semantic web software devel- opment. For knowledge engineers there is a sophisticated web interface for collabora- tive development of ontologies in a web enabled environment. Powl is implemented in the web scripting language PHP1. An implementation in a script language has serveral advantages. In addition to being platform independent, Powl is thus simple to modify and extend by researchers and semantic web develop- ers. The source code is compact and easy to grasp. This results in a short development time - Powl was developed in approximately 9 man-months so far. An advantage of PHP in particular is that it is by far the most widely used pro- gramming language for web applications.
    [Show full text]
  • Healing the Fragmentation to Realise the Full Potential of The
    HealingHealing thethe fragmentationfragmentation toto realiserealise thethe fullfull potentialpotential of thethe IoTIoT Dr.Dr. DaveDave Raggett,Raggett, W3C/ERCIMW3C/ERCIM email:email: [email protected]@w3.org 2525 JuneJune 20202020 ThisThis talktalk isis supportedsupported byby thethe CreateCreate--IoTIoT CoordinationCoordination andand SupportSupport ActionAction withwith fundingfunding fromfrom thethe EuropeanEuropean CommissionCommission Investments in IoT are at risk! Eric Siow, Director, Open Web Platform Standards and Ecosystem Strategies at Intel: • IoT is a little over 10 years old • Hype has been much greater than present reality • IoT is “biting off more that it can chew” • Trying to address too many markets • Involves too many and mostly uncoordinated SDOs and SIGs 2/14 Key IoT Challenges Facing Smart Cities • Lack of coalescence around a set of complementary standards • Hinders scalability, interoperability and evolution • Need to simplify: prioritise and define requirements • Regional regulatory differences adding to the confusion • Diverse requirements impede scalability of the market • Need regulatory agencies to participate and help with standardisation requirements • Lack of interoperability wastes up to 40% of IoT value1 • Cities and technology partners may waste up to $321 billion by 20252 1. https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/the-internet-of-things-the-value-of-digitizing-the-physical-world 2. https://machinaresearch.com/news/smart-cities-could-waste-usd341-billion-by-2025-on-non-standardized-iot-deployments/
    [Show full text]
  • SWAD-Europe Deliverable 5.1: Schema Technology Survey
    Sat Jun 05 2004 23:47:40 Europe/London SWAD-Europe Deliverable 5.1: Schema Technology Survey Project name: Semantic Web Advanced Development for Europe (SWAD-Europe) Project Number: IST-2001-34732 Workpackage name: 5. Integration with XML Technology Workpackage description: ☞http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/plan/workpackages/live/esw-wp-5.html Deliverable title: SWAD-Europe: Schema Technology Survey URI: ☞http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/Europe/reports/xml_schema_tools_techniques_report Authors: Stephen Buswell, Dan Brickley, Brian Matthews Abstract: This report surveys the state of schema annotation and mapping technology. It takes a practical approach by targeting the work to the needs of developers, providing background to support our attempts to answer frequently asked questions on this subject. The report first reviews previous work on 'bridging languages', giving an overview of the major approaches and uses that to motivate further technical work to progress the state of the art in this area. Status: Snapshot release for discussion and editorial work. Further revisions are planned during WP4. Comments on this document are welcome and should be sent to the ☞[email protected] list. An archive of this list is available at ☞http://lists.w3.org/Archives/Public/public-esw/ This report is part of ☞SWAD-Europe ☞Work package 5: Integration with XML Technology and addresses the topic of Schema annotation, and the relationship(s) between RDF and XML technologies. The variety of so-called 'schema languages' for the Web has caused some confusion. This document attempts to place them in context, and explore the state of the art in tools for mapping data between the different approaches.
    [Show full text]
  • Rule Interchange Format
    Semantic Web Rule Interchange Format © Copyright @2009 Dieter Fensel and Federico Facca 1 Where are we? # Title 1 Introduction 2 Semantic Web architecture 3 Resource Description Framework 4 Semantic Web of hypertext and Web of data 5 Generating Semantic Annotations 6 Repositories 7 OWL 8 RIF 9 Web-scale reasoning 10 Social Semantic Web 11 Ontologies and the Semantic Web 12 Service Web 13 Semantic Web Tools 14 Semantic Web Applications 15 Exam 2 Agenda 1. Introduction and Motivation 2. Technical Solution 1. The Rule Interchange Format (RIF) 2. RIF Framework 3. Basic Logic Dialect (BLD) 3. Illustration by a large example 4. Extensions 5. Summary 6. References 3 Semantic Web Stack Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web_Stack Adapted from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_Web_Stack 4 MOTIVATION 5 Why Rule Exchange? (and not The One True Rule Language) • Many different paradigms for rule languages – Pure first-order – Logic programming/deductive databases – Production rules – Reactive rules • Many different features, syntaxes • Different commercial interests • Many egos, different preferences, ... [Michael Kifer, Rule Interchange Format: The Framework] 6 Why Different Dialects? (and Not Just One Dialect) • Again: many paradigms for rule languages – First-order rules – Logic programming/deductive databases – Reactive rules – Production rules • Many different semantics – Classical first-order – Stable-model semantics for negation – Well-founded semantics for negation – ... ... ... • A carefully chosen set of interrelated
    [Show full text]
  • An Effective and Efficient Mapreduce Algorithm for Computing BFS-Based Traversals of Large-Scale RDF Graphs
    algorithms Article An Effective and Efficient MapReduce Algorithm for Computing BFS-Based Traversals of Large-Scale RDF Graphs Alfredo Cuzzocrea 1,*, Mirel Cosulschi 2 and Roberto de Virgilio 3 Received: 2 September 2015; Accepted: 4 January 2016; Published: 11 January 2016 Academic Editor: Bruno Carpentieri 1 DIA Department, University of Trieste and ICAR-CNR, Trieste 34127, Italy; [email protected] 2 Department of Computer Science, University of Craiova, Craiova 200585, Romania; [email protected] 3 Dipartimento di Informatica e Automazione, Universitá Roma Tre, Rome 00146, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39-040-558-3580; Fax: +39-040-558-3419 Abstract: Nowadays, a leading instance of big data is represented by Web data that lead to the definition of so-called big Web data. Indeed, extending beyond to a large number of critical applications (e.g., Web advertisement), these data expose several characteristics that clearly adhere to the well-known 3V properties (i.e., volume, velocity, variety). Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a significant formalism and language for the so-called Semantic Web, due to the fact that a very wide family of Web entities can be naturally modeled in a graph-shaped manner. In this context, RDF graphs play a first-class role, because they are widely used in the context of modern Web applications and systems, including the emerging context of social networks. When RDF graphs are defined on top of big (Web) data, they lead to the so-called large-scale RDF graphs, which reasonably populate the next-generation Semantic Web.
    [Show full text]
  • The Resource Description Framework and Its Schema Fabien Gandon, Reto Krummenacher, Sung-Kook Han, Ioan Toma
    The Resource Description Framework and its Schema Fabien Gandon, Reto Krummenacher, Sung-Kook Han, Ioan Toma To cite this version: Fabien Gandon, Reto Krummenacher, Sung-Kook Han, Ioan Toma. The Resource Description Frame- work and its Schema. Handbook of Semantic Web Technologies, 2011, 978-3-540-92912-3. hal- 01171045 HAL Id: hal-01171045 https://hal.inria.fr/hal-01171045 Submitted on 2 Jul 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Resource Description Framework and its Schema Fabien L. Gandon, INRIA Sophia Antipolis Reto Krummenacher, STI Innsbruck Sung-Kook Han, STI Innsbruck Ioan Toma, STI Innsbruck 1. Abstract RDF is a framework to publish statements on the web about anything. It allows anyone to describe resources, in particular Web resources, such as the author, creation date, subject, and copyright of an image. Any information portal or data-based web site can be interested in using the graph model of RDF to open its silos of data about persons, documents, events, products, services, places etc. RDF reuses the web approach to identify resources (URI) and to allow one to explicitly represent any relationship between two resources.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of Data Integration for Aquatic Resources Using Semantic Web Technologies
    A Case Study of Data Integration for Aquatic Resources Using Semantic Web Technologies By Janice Gordon, Nina Chkhenkeli, David Govoni, Frances Lightsom, Andrea Ostroff, Peter Schweitzer, Phethala Thongsavanh, Dalia Varanka, and Stephan Zednik Open-File Report 2015–1004 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior SALLY JEWELL, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Suzette M. Kimball, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2015 For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit http://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit http://www.usgs.gov/pubprod To order this and other USGS information products, visit http://store.usgs.gov Suggested citation: Gordon, Janice, Chkhenkeli, Nina, Govoni, David, Lightsom, Frances, Ostroff, Andrea, Schweitzer, Peter, Thongsavanh, Phethala, Varanka, Dalia, and Zednik, Stephan, 2015, A case study of data integration for aquatic resources using semantic web technologies: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2015–1004, 55 p., http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20151004. ISSN 2331-1258 (online) Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner. ii Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • RDF and RDF Schema
    RDF and RDF Schema CS-E4410 Semantic Web, 15.1.2020 Eero Hyvönen Aalto University, Semantic Computing Research Group (SeCo) http://seco.cs.aalto.fi University of Helsinki, HELDIG http://heldig.fi [email protected] Outline • RDF data model • RDF syntax • RDF Schema (RDFS) • RDF(S) semantics Department of Computer Science 2 RDF data model Department of Computer Science Key idea: triple ”subject” ”predicate” ”object” Department of Computer Science 4 RDF data model and relational person name occupation birth place … databases H1 Akseli Gallen-Kallela artist Lemu H2 Gustaf Mannerheim marshal Askainen • Information is often available … as tables in relational subject predicate object H1 type person databases or CSV files H1 name Akseli Gallen-Kallela H1 occupation artist H1 birth place Lemu H2 type person H2 name Gustaf Mannerheim • RDF is a set of triples H2 occupation marshal – n-ary information can be H2 birth place Askainen represented as triples ”Akseli Gallen-Kallela” name person occupation artist H1 • RDF is a data model: directed birth place type Lemu named graph type ”Gustaf Mannerheim” name occupation H2 marshal birth place Askainen 5 RDF data model: fundamental concepts • Literals • Resources (and their identifiers) • Statements (triples) • Graphs • Datasets and quads Department of Computer Science 6 Literals data values Department of Computer Science Literals Literal is data encoded as a string • ”Suomi”, ”Last waltz in Paris” Literal value can be accompanied with a XML language tag: • ”Suomi”@fi, ”Last waltz in Paris”@en Literal
    [Show full text]
  • Actions in Schema.Org - Draft 3 (June 2013)
    Actions in Schema.org - Draft 3 (June 2013) Authors: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Last modified: 6/27/2013 by [email protected] Status: This document relates to Actions in Schema.org Proposal (May 2013): http:// www.w3.org/wiki/File:ActionsinSchema.org2013-05-11.pdf. Based on community feedback, the Schema.org team decided on 6/4/2013 to stage the development of the proposal by first standardizing "completed" actions. Addressing "potential" actions is deferred to a subsequent proposal. Changes from ActionsinSchema.org2013-05-11.pdf includes: 1. Scope of document limited to "completed" actions. 2. Extensibility is designed around RDF metadata. 3. Exhaustive list of core actions. 4. Introduction of Action.object, target & result properties which are "rdfs:subPropertyOf"- ized in sub-actions. Table of Contents: Overview New Type: Thing > Action Action Sub-Types Custom Actions Examples Overview This document proposes the introduction of "verbs" to the schema.org vocabulary, in the form of a new Class of Things, called Actions. This proposal includes: ● Base type Thing > Action ● Core set of Action sub-types. ● Mechanism for defining custom actions. Motivations: The use case this proposal addresses is the recording of actions performed as they are performed on things. Use cases include: 1. A confirmation email describing the completion of an action on a website. 2. A activity stream for a user describing a history of actions performed by the user. While not in the scope of this proposal, Actions are designed to also address: ● Declaring the actionable purpose of web forms and hyperlinks.
    [Show full text]
  • JSON-LD 1.1 – a JSON-Based Serialization for Linked Data Gregg Kellogg, Pierre-Antoine Champin, Dave Longley
    JSON-LD 1.1 – A JSON-based Serialization for Linked Data Gregg Kellogg, Pierre-Antoine Champin, Dave Longley To cite this version: Gregg Kellogg, Pierre-Antoine Champin, Dave Longley. JSON-LD 1.1 – A JSON-based Serialization for Linked Data. [Technical Report] W3C. 2019. hal-02141614v2 HAL Id: hal-02141614 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02141614v2 Submitted on 28 Jan 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/ JSON-LD 1.1 A JSON-based Serialization for Linked Data W3C Candidate Recommendation 12 December 2019 This version: https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/CR-json-ld11-20191212/ Latest published version: https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/ Latest editor's draft: https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-syntax/ Test suite: https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/tests/ Implementation report: https://w3c.github.io/json-ld-api/reports/ Previous version: https://www.w3.org/TR/2019/WD-json-ld11-20191112/ Latest Recommendation: https://www.w3.org/TR/2014/REC-json-ld-20140116/ Editors: Gregg Kellogg (v1.0 and v1.1) Pierre-Antoine Champin
    [Show full text]