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(Eds.), Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America, Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 984 Index

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(Eds.), Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America, Frontiers in Earth Sciences, 984 Index Index A cordilleras, 938 Accreted oceanic terranes, Pacific domain, 733 described, 938 ACIGEMI project, 415 northern and central, sediment Active vs. passive margin, 734 yield, 938, 939 AFTSolve® (computer code), 769 Andes Cordillera Age-elevation relationship (AER), 769, 773 catchments, 937, 938 See also Exhumation sediment production of, 936–938 Agua Blanca Granite (Agua Blanca Batholith), Andes of Colombia 225 ALCC, 938–942 Aguas Blancas Fm, 723 anthropocene-impacted sediment fluxes, Alkali-basaltic volcanism, 626 936, 937 Alkalinity index (AI), 345 BQART model, 949, 950 Allochthonous terranes, 8, 11, 257, 261, 264, denudation processes, 950 310, 313, 321, 322, 325, 373, 393, human-induced drivers, 942–944 835 sediment fluxes, 946 Altered oceanic crust (AOC), 606, 627 sediment load trends, 946–948 Amagá-Cauca-Patía (ACP), 837 Soil Conservation Service, 949 Amazonian and Orinoquian basement, Andesite formation, 626, 632, 635, 636 115–119 Anthropocene, 957 geoeconomic potential, 158 global sediment transfers, 935 Guiana Shield (see Guiana Shield) sediment fluxes, in Andes Amazonian Craton, 151–152 of Colombia, 936, 937 Amphibolites, 130 Anthropogenic land cover change Andean and subandean precambrian basement (ALCC), 938–942 Central Cordillera, 175, 177, 178 Antioquian Batholith arc Colombian Andes, 158–161 segment, 309, 313, 375 Garzón Massif, 161–168 Apatite partial retention zone geological evolution, 179–182 (A-PRZ), 773 Guajira Peninsula, 175 Aptian sedimentation, paleo-UVM, 718 Santander Massif, 170–171 Aptian-Albian Cushabatay Fm, 729 Serranía de Macarena, 170 Arc segment A (Cali) volcanic zone, 630 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, 171–174 Arc segment D (Quito) volcanic Subandean basement, 168–170 zone, 631–632 Andean orogeny, 730 Arc Segments B (Popayán) and C (Nariño) Andes volcanic zone, 630–631 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 983 F. Cediel, R. P. Shaw (eds.), Geology and Tectonics of Northwestern South America, Frontiers in Earth Sciences, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76132-9 984 Index Arquía complex, 840 Capa 2, 710 age constraints, 849 Caracanoa/Raudal Alto ridge, 138 Cretaceous fragments, 847, 849 Carbonate-rich sediments (CS), 627 Ebejico, 850, 851 Carboniferous granitoids, 273, 277 Late Cretaceous-Paleocene, 849 Caribbean-Colombian oceanic plateau lithotectonic units, 851 (CCOP), 10, 65, 426, 469, 681, 682, metamorphic rocks, 846 733, 734 pre-Cretaceous blocks, 850 Caribbean Colombian Realm (CCR), 52 Silvia-Pijao fault, 847 Caribbean large igneous province (CLIP), 426, structural style, 850 733, 734, 909, 910, 912, 914, 924 Atabapo granite, 133 Caribbean Plate Atrato-San Juan basins, 919–920 basement, southern, 551, 552 Au-Cu mineralization, 496 Great Caribbean Arc collision, 581 plate interaction model, 592–594 SCDB, 552 B “tectonic escape” of, 585 Back Arc Basin Basalt (BABB), 367 Caribbean Terrane Assemblage (CAT), 266 Bagre mountain ranges, 921 Caribbean terranes Bakhuis granulite belt, 118 San Jacinto, 9 Barinas-Apure basin, 675 Sinú, 9 Basement rocks, 149 Catatumbo sub-basin, 722, 723 Baudó mountain range, 910, 912, 922 Cauarane-Coeroeni belt, 116 Berlín orthogneiss, 200 Cauca-Almaguer fault system, 682 Berriasian to Aptian sedimentation Cauca fault and suture system, 430, 836 Cocuy sub-basin, 717 Cauca-Patia basin, 43 in Cundinamarca sub-basin, 717, 718 Cauca-Romeral Fault System (CRFS), 788 Blueschist, 849, 851, 864 CA-VA assemblage, 262 Bolivar Aulacogen, 363, 364, 369, 372, 373 Cenomanian-Coniacian fine-grained pelagic Borde Llanero Fault System, 98 deposits, 685 Brazilian Shields, 115, 116, 726 Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, 688, 708, Bucaramanga Gneiss unit, 198–200 720, 723, 735 Bucaramanga-Santa Marta-Garzón fault, 421, Cenozoic basins 428, 489 Atrato-San Juan basins, 919–920 Buenaventura fault, 431 Chuqunaque-Tuira and Sambu basins, 917, Buga Batholith, 476 919 Buritaca Pluton (BP), 556, 563, 565, 570 Gulf of Panama basin, 919 Panama canal basin, 916, 917 Cenozoic orogenesis, 776 C Cenozoic paleogeographic and Caguán-Putumayo Basin, 675 paleotopographic evolution, Cajamarca-Salento porphyry Au 807–810 E-dipping Belgica fault, 520 Cenozoic reactivation of Mesozoic structure, La Colosa deposit, 517, 520 734 porphyritic magmatism, 521 Cenozoic sedimentary rocks, 855, 856 potassic alteration, 519 Central Amazonia Province (CAP), 151 pyrite, 519 Central Cordillera and Lower Magdalena Romeral and Palestina, 518 Valley (Plato-San Jorge area), 724 sulphide assemblage, 519 Central Cordillera (CC), 175–178, 334, Cajamarca-Valdivia terrane (CA-VA), 26, 28, 665–667, 781–789, 867 262, 302, 325, 369, 423, 429, 430 Central Guiana Granulite Belt, 116 Campanian sedimentation, late Aptian, Central Tectonic Realm (CTR), 5, 7, 261, 262, 728–730 421–424 Cañasgordas Terrane, 840, 912, 913 Cajamarca-Valdivia Terrane, 262 Index 985 CA-VA, 261, 262 phanerozoic basins granitoid assemblages, 263 Cenozoic, 12 late Mesozoic history, 263 Cretaceous, 11 Precambrian Chicamocha Terrane, 261 geological mapping, 10 Proterozoic Chicamocha Terrane, 261 pre-Cretaceous, 11 Cesar-Ranchería Basin (CR), 658, 659, 723, radiometric dating techniques, 416 (see 724 Santander Massif, Northern Andes Chagres and Mamoní mountains, 914 (Colombia)) Chocó Arc assemblage (CHO), 266, 427, 428 Sinú-San Jacinto Basin, 722 Chocó indenter, 669, 670 social and ethnocultural history, 413 Chocó-Panamá Arc (CHO), 10 southern Cauca valley, 721, 722 Chocó-Panamá Indenter, 69 Colombian Amazonian geology, 119 Cañasgordas terrane, 72 Colombian Andean system, 196 CCOP, 65, 67 Colombian Andes, 54, 59, 256 Paleomagnetic data, 70 Andean orogeny, 40, 43, 46 San Juan Basin, 72 Bucaramanga-Santa Marta-Garzón fault, structural architecture, 68, 70 428 Chondrite-normalized rare earth elements Buenaventura fault, 431 (REE) plots, 617, 620 Cauca fault, 430 Chuqunaque-Tuira basin, 917, 919 CA-VA, 26, 28 Coastal Cordillera, 727 Chocó-Panamá Indenter, 65, 67, 69, 70, 72 Coastal environments, 957, 958 distribution of Precambrian basement, Coastal Trough/intra-arc basin, 726 158–161 Cocuy sub-basin, Berriasian to Aptian Eastern Cordillera, 22, 23, 79, 80 sedimentation, 717 Farallon-Caribbean plateau, 61 Colombia, 10–12, 715–719 Garrapatas fault, 431 Au + co-metal metallogenesis, 417 geological interpretation, 12, 13 Catatumbo sub-basin, 722, 723 geotectonic models, 52 Central Cordillera and Lower Magdalena graben-rift-aulacogen, 34, 35, 38, 40 Valley (Plato-San Jorge area), 724 GU-FA, 62 Chicamocha, 7 litho-tectonic and structural evolution, 665 CHO, 10 (see also Colombian Andes) Llanos basin, 26, 29 Cretaceous post-rift sedimentation, Maracaibo orogenic float, 72, 74, 76, 79 719–721 meso-neoproterozoic, 17, 19, 20 Cretaceous-Eocene granitoids, 307 morpho-structural expression, 16 early Cretaceous syn-rift Sedimentation Otú fault, 429 aptian sedimentation in paleo-Upper Palestina fault, 429 Magdalena Valley (UVM), 718–719 Phanerozoic (see Phanerozoic) Berriasian to Aptian sedimentation in Phanerozoic orogenic systems, 21, 22 Cundinamarca sub-basin, 717, 718 plate collision, 29, 30, 34 Berriasian to Aptian sedimentation on Quetame and Silgará, 28, 29 Cocuy sub-basin, 717 Romeral fault, 430 Jurassic red beds, 715 Roraima tectono-sedimentary, 85–87 Santander-Floresta paleo-Massif, 717 San juan-sebastian fault, 431 Tablazo sub-basin, 716–717 southern Caribbean, 56 Eastern Cordillera, 415 fault systems, 59 and Ecuador, 28 (see also Andes of tectonic contact, 54 Colombia) structural framework, 267, 268 emerald, 414 taphrogenic tectonics, 29, 30, 34 gold mining, 412, 416 transpressional regime, 49–52 mining districts, 413 transtensional regime, 49–52 Perijá Range and Cesar-Ranchería western Caribbean, 52, 57 Basin, 723, 724 WETSA, 88, 89 986 Index Colombian Caribbean littoral Mesoproterozoic Tunuí Folded beach ridge lagoons and mangrove Metasandstone Formations, 135–145 swamps, 961 Mesoproterozoic younger granites, 131–133 coastal evolution, 959 metasomatic conception, 119 coastal protection, infrastructure, 968–970 Mid-Paleoproterozoic Caicara described, 959 Metavolcanics, 120–122 Galerazamba (La Garita point) and Mitú complex, 120, 154 Sinú-Tinajones delta, 963, 965, 968 Piraparaná Formation, 145 morphological changes, 959, 960 PRORADAM project, 119 mud diapirism, 960, 961 proterozoic metamorphic basement, semi-desert conditions, 959 124–131 shores and prodelta, Magdalena River Trans-Amazonian Orogeny, 152 Delta, 961–963 Colombia Paleoproterozoic metamorphic trade winds, 960 basement, 119 Colombian Cordilleras, 271 Colombia-Venezuela Colombian Guajira Peninsula, 686 Andean domain, 100 Colombian littoral zones, 959 basement exposures, 99 Caribbean littoral (see Colombian Borde Llanero Fault System, 98, 100 Caribbean littoral) cratonic domain, 98 cartographic charts, 959 Grenvillian-Orinoquiense rocks, 100 environmental deterioration, 958 Metapelitic rocks, 100 human interventions, 974–976 Silurian rocks, 100 seaboards, 958 Combia Fm. volcanism (12–6 Ma), 617, Colombian Pacific littoral 624, 625 barrier islands, 972 Continental arcs potassic (CAP), 242 catchment area, 969 Continental collision, 119, 181, 182 coastal evolution, 972 Continental margin domain, Northern described, 969 Andes, 687 earthquakes, 970 Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, 688 map and morphological littoral types, 969, Colombia, 715–724 971 Jurassic and Paleocene deposits, 688 morphological changes, 969 MFS (see Maximum flooding surfaces northern Pacific coast, 971 (MFS)) Colombian portion, Maracaibo Basin, 722, sedimentary basins, 686 723 sequence boundaries (SB), 687 Colombian tectono-magmatic, 359–360
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