CLARK AND LUCILLE REYNOLDS RENTAL HOUSES HABS HI-576 5839 and 5841 Kalanianaole Highway HABS HI-576 Honolulu County

PHOTOGRAPHS

WRITTEN HISTORICAL AND DESCRIPTIVE DATA

HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior 1849 C Street NW Washington, DC 20240-0001 HISTORIC AMERICAN BUILDINGS SURVEY

clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses

HABS No. HI-576 Location: 5839 and 5841 Kalanianaole Highway Honolulu Honolulu County Hawaii

U.S.G.S. Honolulu, HI Quadrangle 1998 (7.5 Series) NAD83.

The main house (5841 Kalanianaole Highway) is located at latitude: 21.282375, longitude: -157.731875. The second house (5839 Kalanianaole Highway) is located at latitude: 21.282154, longitude: -157.731941. These points were obtained on July 21, 2016, using Google Earth. There is no restriction on their release to the public.

Present Owner: State of Hawaii

Present Occupants: Department of Land and Natural

Present Use: Vacant

Significance: The Reynolds’ rental houses are architecturally significant as a good example of houses built in Hawaii in the late 1950s rendered in a modern style. They are also historically significant for the natural, ancient Hawaiian fishpond incorporated into the design of the property.

Description: The two residences and garage built for Clark and Lucille Reynolds are located on a flat, ocean front 10,827-square-foot parcel, which runs from Kalanianaole Highway to the beach. Situated on a major, divided six-lane highway, the property is part of a string of residential properties that line the south, ocean side of the highway. The buildings are vacant and in poor condition.

The property is secured along its street frontage by a chain link fence and a 5ʹ-0ʺ-high concrete masonry unity (CMU) wall, with a detached, single- car carport at the end of the CMU wall at the west side. The fence and wall were installed within the past twenty years. The portion of the carport that is on fastland sits on a lava rock foundation, while three 4ʺ-diameter pipe columns on 2ʹ-0ʺ square concrete piers support the portion that sits over the Lucas Spring, which is also called Kalauhaihai Fishpond. The 15ʹ- 0ʺ x 22ʹ-0ʺ garage area has a plank floor and tongue-and-groove walls. It has a composition-shingled flat roof that is skewed on the east side. At Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 2) the rear of the carport, five wood steps descend to a concrete sidewalk that runs along the west side of the property next to the Lucas Spring. The fishpond sits below grade and is lined on all sides by lava rock walls, which extend approximately 3ʹ-0ʺ high above the water level. The pond dominates the middle of the property. The main house (5841 Kalanianaole Highway) on the property is located at the northeast corner of the fishpond and the structure projects into the pond. The second house (5839 Kalanianaole Highway) sits on fastland and at the southwest corner of the pond.

The main house is two stories in height and has a shake-shingled hip gablet roof with overhanging eaves and exposed rafter tails. The gablet is adorned with a Japanese lattice motif. The 33ʹ-0ʺ x 40ʹ-0ʺ house is L-shaped in plan and has a single-story carport set into its northeast corner. A shake-shingled shed roof runs around the house between the first and second stories. The portion of the house that extends over the fish pond is carried by eleven 8ʺ-thick concrete block posts on 2ʹ-0ʺ square piers. An approximately 4ʹ-0ʺ- wide lanai, sheltered by the shed roof, runs across the south side of the house and wraps around the west side. Its deck is made of eight 2ʺ x 6ʺ boards, and its east end wall is made of lava rock. One wood step leads up to the lanai at its east end. Four 4ʺ x 4ʺ columns rise from the south edge of the lanai to help support the shed roof. A post and rail railing runs between the columns and follows the lanai around the west side of the house. The railing has 54ʺ-high posts with beveled caps. There are three 2ʺ x 4ʺ rails with a 2ʺ x 4ʺ post dividing each of the lower spans in half.

Three sets of three shoji doors, each with 36 panels, are located along the rear, south wall of the lanai. Two are along the south side of the building and the other on the west side. These all open on the 17ʹ-4ʺ x 29ʹ-2ʺ living room. A square, single-pane fixed window is in the south wall near the west end of the wall. The living room has an oak floor and canec ceiling. The floor features seven 4ʹ-0ʺ x 8ʹ-0ʺ panels of glass set into it, allowing the pond below to be seen. A 2ʹ-0ʺ x 6ʹ-3ʺ kitchen counter with a formica top separates the living room and kitchen. The 10ʹ–10ʺ x 12ʹ-2ʺ kitchen is galley-shaped, with cabinets lining the east and west sides of the room, and a sink and counter across the north wall at the rear. The rear counter continues, wrapping around to the east and west sides to make a U-shaped work space for food preparation and clean up. Two jalousie windows are above the sink, and a fixed single-pane window is in the west side wall, above the stove top that is built into the counter on that side. A narrow jalousie adjoins the fixed window to provide ventilation. The flooring is not original and the ceiling is also canec.

An 8ʹ-10ʺ-long hallway in the north wall of the living room is an entry hall, which services the front entry with its double doors. To the east side of the entry hall is a wall, behind which a lateral-running stair ascends to the second floor. The stairway rises eight steps to a landing where it takes a quarter turn to the east and rises another six steps. At the top, a simple Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 3) balustrade with a 2ʺ x 4ʺ top rail and 2ʺ x 2ʺ balusters encircle the stairwell. Two pairs of sliding windows, each with three horizontal panes, form a corner window and illuminate the top of the stair. An L-shaped hallway accesses the three bedrooms that are situated on the south side of the second floor. The second floor features 8ʺ V-joint tongue-and-groove walls and canec ceilings in all rooms and the hall. The two corner bedrooms each have a bathroom to their north. The corner bedrooms both have a set of three sliding windows, each with three horizontal panes, in their south wall, and a pair of similar sliding windows in their side wall. The middle bedroom features a pair of jalousie windows in its south wall. The closets in all three bedrooms are enclosed by shoji doors. The bathroom at the north of the west side bedroom has two jalousie windows in its west side wall. It retains its original shower, vanity, and built-in closets. The other bathroom has one jalousie window in its north wall and its original corner shower.

The east side of the house has concrete block walls on the first story. These blocks each measure 3.5ʺ x 7.5ʺ x 15.5ʺ in dimension. An approximately 20ʹ-0ʺ x 20ʹ-0ʺ carport, which is no longer accessible to automobiles due to the increase in elevation of Kalanianaole Highway, is at the north end of this side of the house. The attached, single-story carport has a front-facing gable, which is adorned with Japanese-style lattice work in the gable end. The carport has a poured concrete floor and a canec ceiling. A lava rock wall dominates the west side of the carport, and it has a wood gate with a shoji-like motif that leads to a concrete walkway that runs to the front door. The south wall of the carport has built-in tongue-and-groove storage closets, and the east wall is made of concrete block, continuing the line of the house. A hinged door in this wall leads to the side yard. Adjoining the carport on the south side is a large storage space. It has a door flanked on either side by a jalousie window in its east wall, as well as a pair of jalousie windows. The windows all have rounded concrete block sills. Another door enters the room from the south side, which is set in a vertical tongue-and- groove wall. A window opening, which is now boarded over, adjoins the door.

The second house located on the south side of the property is also two stories in height and has a composition-shingled hipped roof with overhanging eaves and exposed rafter tails. Its composition-shingled shed roof wraps three-quarters the way around the house between the first and second stories. The 24ʹ-0ʺ x 38ʹ-0ʺ house sits on a poured-in-place concrete slab foundation and has concrete block walls on the first story and vertical tongue-and-groove on the second. The concrete block is the same as that used in the residence on the north side of the property. It follows an irregular, quasi-L-shaped footprint with the northeast corner having two jogs.

The second house is entered from the west side through a set of non-original double doors. The entry is recessed 2ʹ-0ʺ and one step above the sidewalk. It has a recessed ceiling light. To the south side Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 4)

of the entry is a 10ʹ-9ʺ wide picture window with a jalousie window to one side. These windows share a rounded concrete block sill. The doors open on the living room. The approximately 24ʹ-0ʺ x 36ʹ-6ʺ room runs the length of the house on its south side. In the wall opposite the entry is a pair of jalousie windows, while the south wall is comprised of two sets of single-pane, aluminum sliding doors. Each set has a 16ʹ-0ʺ-wide pair of doors flanked on either side by a 24ʺ-wide fixed, single-pane window. On the north side of the living room, a counter separates the kitchen from the room. The kitchen and its counter are the same as in the north house, but with three jalousie windows in its north wall and none in its west wall. To the east side of the kitchen is a powder room which has doors opening on the living room and a rear (north) laundry room. The laundry room has a door that opens on the rear, pond side of the house. The remainder of the living room’s north wall conceals a straight-run stairway of fifteen steps that lead to the second floor. At the top of the stairwell is a single jalousie window. A balustrade similar to that in the north house runs along the stairwell’s open side. The upstairs is finished with canec ceilings and plywood veneer walls.

The second floor contains two bedrooms, each with its own bath. These rooms are accessed from an open area at the head of the stairs. Each bedroom has a picture window, flanked on either side by a jalousie window in its south wall. The outside wall intersecting the south corner has a set of three jalousie windows in each bedroom. As in the north house, the two bedrooms each have thirty-pane shoji for the closet doors. Each bedroom has a short entry passageway and a door to each of the bathrooms is located off of these abbreviated halls. The bathrooms retain their original tiled showers and medicine cabinets with art deco lights to either side. Each bathroom has a jalousie window in its side wall.

Along the east side of the second house runs an auwai, an irrigation channel. It has stone walls with a concrete cap, and runs between the pond and the ocean.

Historical Context: These two rental houses were constructed for Clark and Lucille Reynolds in 1959, following plans prepared by Honolulu architect George W. McLaughlin. The Reynolds had acquired this land in 1950 from the Lucas family, descendants of Captain Alexander Adams, who was awarded this land as well as all of Niu Valley at the time of the Great Mahele.1 Adams was a Scottish seaman who arrived in Hawaii in 1810 or 1811 and served as a captain in ’s fleet.2

1 Kauluwale & Kaheiau, grantees, Land Grant Award 0802, (Hilo, Hawaii and Kona, ), 1852, and Alexander Adams, patentee, Royal Patent 0052 (Kona, Oahu), 1850. 2 George F. M. Nellist, The Story of Hawaii and Its Builders, Honolulu: Honolulu Star Bulletin, 1925: 51-53. Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 5)

The Reynolds family resided in a house to the east side of the subject property and had these two dwellings constructed as rental properties. In 1965, Clark Reynolds subdivided the property and sold the two houses to LV Holdings. In 1971, Tadayoshi Hara acquired the north house, and Lawrence and Mieko Lee purchased the south dwelling. In 1993, the State of Hawaii Department of Transportation, while widening Kalanianaole Highway from four to six lanes, disturbed the lava tube that supplied the pond with its artesian water.3 Mr. Hara requested the water flow to the ponds be restored; however, in 1998, the Department of Transportation prevailed in its condemnation and purchased the two properties instead. In 2013, the parcels were transferred to the administration of the Department of Land and Natural Resources, which now proposes to demolish the houses.

Clark Reynolds was born on February 9, 1909 in Des Moines, Iowa. He graduated from the University of Florida in 1931. He came to Hawaii in February 1936, looking for a new opportunity, after working as a property manager in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He established his own real estate company and later also operated Café Maxim and the Rathskeller. In 1937, he married Lucille Ackerman who was born and raised on the island of Hawaii. She was a quarter Hawaiian, descended from the alii, royal class, and a cousin of Richard Smart, the owner of Parker Ranch. Clark Reynolds died on August 7, 1995, and Lucille Ackerman Reynolds died on September 9, 1995.

The architect for the two houses, George W. McLaughlin, was born in Willmar, Minnesota in 1909, and graduated from the University of Minnesota in 1930, and the University of Pennsylvania in 1933. He arrived in Hawaii in 1957, an already established architect, having designed over $175 million worth of residential and commercial projects in Chicago, Pittsburgh, and Los Angeles. In addition, he worked as a designer for the Chicago Century of Progress Exposition and as a consultant for the 1939 New York World’s Fair. He established his own firm in Honolulu, expanding to become Architects and Engineers Corp., which not only designed but also developed properties. He was best known for his ecclesiastical design work. Churches designed by him include St. Augustine’s Roman Catholic Church, Emanuel Episcopal Church, Prince of Peace Lutheran Church, Holy Trinity Episcopal Church, St. James Roman Catholic Church in Palolo, and Holy Trinity Roman Catholic Church. Other works include the Library for the Blind on Kapahulu Avenue, the Bank of Hawaii in Waianae, Royal School auditorium, and numerous condominium projects, including the Pavilion. In 1984, he left Hawaii, settling in Las Vegas, where he died in 1993.

3 Joseph Kennedy, Evaluation of Anthropogenic Impacts on the Flow of Two Coastal Springs in Maunalua Bay, South Shore of Oahu, a thesis submitted to the Global Envi- ronmental Science Undergraduate Division, University of Hawaii: 6-8. Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 6)

Sources: Adams, Alexander, patentee. Royal Patent 0052. Kona, Oahu, 1850.

“Architect George W. McLaughlin,” Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii), March 21, 1993, A-26.

Bowker, R. R. American Architects Directory, 1962. Accessed June 28, 2016 from “The American Institute of Architects.” http://public.aia. org/sites/hdoaa/wiki/American%20Architects%20Directories/1962%20 American%20Architects%20Directory/Bowker_1962_M.pdf.

Building permit #156215. Department of Planning and Permitting. June 12, 1959.

Building permit #156216. Department of Planning and Permitting. June 12, 1959.

Building permit #156217. Department of Planning and Permitting. June 12, 1959.

Chula. Good from Far, Far from Good. Honolulu: Legacy Isle Publishing, 2013.

City and County of Honolulu Real Property Tax Field Books.

“George McLaughlin Designed Churches and Other Landmarks Here.” Honolulu Star-Bulletin (Honolulu, Hawaii), March 20, 1993, A-10.

Hawaii State Bureau of Conveyances, Liber 2333, page 225; Liber 5100, page 472; Liber 5143, page 215; Liber 7613, page 147; and Liber 7613, page 171.

“His Dreams Grow into Churches.” Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii), May 26, 1962, A-6.

Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii). Obituary of Clark Reynolds. August 12, 1995, A-6.

Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii). Obituary of Lucille Ackerman Reynolds. September 29, 1995, A-7.

Interview with Chula Harrison, daughter of Clark and Lucille Reynolds, June 30, 2016.

Kauluwale & Kaheiau, grantees. Land Grant Award 0802. Hilo, Hawaii and Kona, Oahu, 1852. Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 7)

Kennedy, Joseph. Evaluation of Anthropogenic Impacts on the Flow of Two Coastal Springs in Maunalua Bay, South Shore of Oahu, thesis submitted to the Global Environmental Science Undergraduate Division, University of Hawaii.

Nellist, George F. M. Pan-Pacific Who’s Who. Honolulu: Honolulu Star- Bulletin, 1940-41.

“Preserving the Pond.” Honolulu Advertiser (Honolulu, Hawaii), November 9, 2008.

Polk’s City Directories for Hawaii, 1951-1960.

Property records for Tax Map Keys 3-7-002: 018 and 3-7-002: 077 held in the Bureau of Land Management, State Department of Land and Natural Resources.

Project Information: The State of Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) proposes to demolish all the buildings located at 5841 Kalanianaole Highway. In response to comments by the State of Hawaii Historic Preservation Office, made in accordance with Chapter 6E, Hawaii Revised Statutes, the DLNR has agreed to document the buildings in accordance with HABS standards prior to the undertaking of the proposed project. This photo documentation and recordation fulfills that agreement.

The photographic documentation was undertaken by David Franzen, photographer. Don Hibbard and Alison Chiu, who are architectural historians meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s Professional Qualifications Standards, prepared the written documentation.

Prepared By: Don Hibbard and Alison Chiu, Architectural Historians Fung Associates, Inc. 1833 Kalakaua Avenue, Suite 1008 Honolulu, HI 96815

Date of Report: July 25, 2016 Clark and Lucille Reynolds rental houses HABS No. HI-576 (Page 8) Fig. 1: U.S.G.S. Map, U.S.G.S. KoKo Head, HI Quadrangle 2000 (7.5 Series) NAD83.